• Low-dose cisplatin and 5-fluorouracil (LDPF) chemotherapy with daily radiotherapy (RT) is used as an alternative chemoradiotherapy regimen for locally advanced esophageal carcinoma. (nih.gov)
  • We evaluated whether RT plus LDPF chemotherapy had an advantage in terms of survival and/or toxicity over RT plus standard-dose cisplatin and 5-fluorouracil (SDPF) chemotherapy in this study. (nih.gov)
  • Patients were randomly assigned to receive RT (2 Gy/fraction, total dose of 60 Gy) with SDPF (arm A) or LDPF (arm B) chemotherapy. (nih.gov)
  • The purpose of this study was to identify the risk factors for coronary heart disease (CHD) and to quantify the effects of radiation dose to the heart, chemotherapy, and other cardiovascular risk factors. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Biological basis for fractionation of radiotherapy and dose-response relationships in the clinic as well as other approaches to improve radiotherapy will be covered in depth, which include treatment interruption and retreatment issues, targeting hypoxia, biological modifiers and combined radiotherapy/chemotherapy. (seafomp.org)
  • Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) survivors treated with radiotherapy and/or chemotherapy are known to have increased risks of heart failure (HF), but a radiation dose-response relationship has not previously been derived. (ox.ac.uk)
  • We have derived quantitative estimates of HF risk in patients treated for HL following radiotherapy with or without anthracycline-containing chemotherapy. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Over the decades Dr. Morrison has been involved in trials of fractionation, radiation protectors, induction and concurrent chemotherapy, and proton beam therapy. (mdanderson.org)
  • Radiotherapy and chemotherapy for invasive thymomas: a multicentric retrospective review of 90 cases. (google.fr)
  • The usual approach is surgery (nephrectomy) followed by chemotherapy, with or without postoperative radiotherapy. (medscape.com)
  • Women treated with radiotherapy without chemotherapy for a unilateral breast cancer and aged 40-75 years meet the inclusion criteria. (rug.nl)
  • The standard of care in locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) includes concurrent chemotherapy and radiation therapy (RT). (appliedradiationoncology.com)
  • However, for patients with more locally advanced NSCLC, 5-year OS after treatment with definitive radiation therapy and concurrent chemotherapy remains modest, at approximately 15-20% ( 4 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • Prior to the advent of cytotoxic chemotherapy, lung cancer at all stages was treated surgically or by radiation alone ( 5 , 6 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • Presently, stage III lung cancer is managed with a combination of chemotherapy, radiation therapy, and sometimes surgery but the two major challenges in improving outcomes of the treatment of this disease remain local control and metastatic spread. (frontiersin.org)
  • Furthermore, several randomised trials have shown that the addition of alkylating chemotherapy, either temozolomide or nitrosourea-based regimens, to radiotherapy results in prolonged survival. (smw.ch)
  • This combination of chemotherapy and radiotherapy has a special role in tumor down staging and in sphincter preservation for lower rectal tumors. (wjgnet.com)
  • With recent technological advances, modalities such as Intensity Modulated Radiotherapy (IMRT), Stereotactic Body Radiotherapy (SBRT) or Volumetric Modulated Arc Therapy (VMAT) can conform doses to tumours more precisely than possible a few decades ago sparing the normal tissue to a larger extent. (frontiersin.org)
  • Fifty-two patients treated with radiation therapy (RT) while using a tongue positioning device were included in the study. (bvsalud.org)
  • Optimal cutoffs were calculated for each serum marker using the maxstat package of R. RESULTS: Of 523 patients, 19.5% underwent subtotal resection and 29.8% were treated with adjuvant radiation therapy (ART). (bvsalud.org)
  • Here we aimed to provide an objective review of the potential of blood markers to guide high precision radiation therapy. (maastrichtuniversity.nl)
  • The study demonstrates survival benefits with proton therapy, which may be driven by a decreased incidence of radiation-related liver decompensation. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The course aims to provide basic understanding of radiobiology principles, its clinical applications and implementations in radiation therapy. (seafomp.org)
  • He has personally treated 3200 head and neck patients, and gained leading technical expertise and judgement in the formulation and delivery of radiation therapy. (mdanderson.org)
  • Outcomes after radiation therapy for T2N0/stage II glottic squamous cell carcinoma. (mdanderson.org)
  • Image-guided robotic stereotactic body radiation therapy for liver metastases: is there a dose response relationship? (google.fr)
  • From advanced imaging and radiation therapy, to comprehensive software and services, to interventional radiology, we are harnessing the power of our perspective while also pursuing clinical research to create a more efficient, and more personalized care pathway. (varian.com)
  • In addition, the guidelines for surgical treatment and the role of radiation therapy are better defined now than ever before. (medscape.com)
  • Aggressive tumors typically demonstrate a high glycolytic rate, which results in resistance to radiation therapy and cancer progression via several molecular and physiologic mechanisms. (springer.com)
  • We conclude that CR and KDs may act synergistically with radiation therapy for the treatment of cancer patients and provide some guidelines for implementing these dietary interventions into clinical practice. (springer.com)
  • Despite these advancements, several cancer types continue to elude modern treatment techniques with radiation therapy (RT). (springer.com)
  • BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: To perform a systematic review of the predictive ability of various dose-volume histogram (DVH) parameters (V(dose), mean lung dose (MLD), and normal tissue complication probability (NTCP)) in the incidence of radiation pneumonitis (RP) caused by external-beam radiation therapy. (uwo.ca)
  • Conventional radiation therapy has not been effective in controlling this type of tumor in the curative or adjuvant settings. (cancernetwork.com)
  • Whole-brain radiation therapy (WBRT) has been the community standard for treating brain metastases from many types of cancers. (cancernetwork.com)
  • The purpose of this study was to establish the dose-response relationship of selective internal radiation therapy (SIRT) in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC), when informed by radiobiological sensitivity parameters derived from mCRC cell lines exposed to 90Y. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Studies using 3-dimensional conformal radiation therapy (3DCRT) show that elective nodal (EN) areas receive substantial incidental irradiation in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) treated with involved-field radiation therapy (IFRT). (appliedradiationoncology.com)
  • Due to increasing use of intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT), we performed a dosimetric analysis of 3DCRT vs. IMRT comparing EN incidental irradiation. (appliedradiationoncology.com)
  • 1,2 Major improvements in radiation technology have led to significant changes in radiation delivery for NSCLC, including 3D-conformal radiation treatment (3DCRT) and intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT).These technologies have enabled the delivery of more conformal radiation to spare normal surrounding tissue. (appliedradiationoncology.com)
  • 3,4 More recently, treatment has evolved to involved-field radiation therapy (IFRT), in which EN regions are omitted to deliver higher doses of radiation to gross disease while decreasing subclinical treatment volumes to reduce toxicities to the esophagus, lung and heart. (appliedradiationoncology.com)
  • Unlike any other stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) machine, GammaPod is equipped with a vacuum-assisted breast immobilization cup with an embedded fiducial wire that keeps the target centered during treatment. (utswmed.org)
  • This means we can achieve reduced treatment margins (2-3 mm) compared with those required by conventional radiation therapy (10-15 mm). (utswmed.org)
  • Does HCC Etiology Impact the Efficacy of Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy for Hepatocellular Carcinoma? (hku.hk)
  • Over the last 17 years, stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) has shown a high degree of safety and local control for stage I lung cancers and other localized malignancies. (frontiersin.org)
  • An early dose-finding study by the Radiation Therapy Oncology Group (RTOG) 7301 study was conducted from 1973 to 1978 and studied four different doses and schedules: 40 Gy split course, 40 Gy continuously, 50 Gy, and 60 Gy. (frontiersin.org)
  • Mirada Medical specializes in simplifying technically complex image processing tasks, allowing clinicians to diagnose disease, assess response to treatment, and plan radiation therapy or surgical intervention more confidently. (biospace.com)
  • RefleXion is a privately-held company developing the first biology-guided radiotherapy system, a significant change in strategy from single tumor therapy to the ability to one day treat multiple tumors in cancers that have metastasized. (biospace.com)
  • 7. Is There a Dose Response Relationship for Pulmonary Function Changes After Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy for Early-stage Non-small Cell Lung Cancer? (rainerklement.com)
  • Finally, neoadjuvant therapy consisting of Capecitabine plus radiation therapy, for locally advanced rectal cancer was analysed. (wjgnet.com)
  • Conclusions We have begun to resolve clear patient and clinical classifiers based on immune responses to radiation, and identified patient groups likely to benefit from immune therapy alongside radiation. (edu.au)
  • These risk factors and the underlying pathogenesis do not disappear following surgical excision or radiation therapy for the cancer. (medscape.com)
  • As with other brain metastases, a multidisciplinary treatment approach that includes surgery and radiation therapy is typically used, with historically little role for systemic, cytotoxic therapy. (medscape.com)
  • For patients with more than a single brain metastasis, radiation therapy, including stereotactic radiosurgery and whole-brain radiation therapy, has been the mainstay of treatment. (medscape.com)
  • [ 4 ] As long-term data from post-whole-brain radiation therapy outcomes have emerged, the modality is used less frequently because of the risk of neuro-cognitive decline. (medscape.com)
  • Ionizing radiation is emitted by radioactive elements and by equipment such as x-ray and radiation therapy machines. (msdmanuals.com)
  • We aimed to quantify the association between postoperative radiotherapy (PORT) and the risk of SPM development for index HNSCC among adolescent and young patients, who are particularly vulnerable to radiation-associated impacts due to their increased tissue susceptibilities and longer life expectancies. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The EBCTCG investigators wrote in the background that studies have shown that, following breast-conserving surgery or following mastectomy for node-positive disease, postoperative radiotherapy can reduce breast cancer mortality. (esmo.org)
  • More recently, phase I/II studies using SBRT for dose escalation after conventional chemoradiation in locally advanced NSCLC have been promising with good apparent safety. (frontiersin.org)
  • By building on the proven concept of conventional chemoradiation for patients with locally advanced NSCLC with a subsequent radiation dose intensification to residual disease with SBRT concurrent with immunotherapy, we hope address the issues of metastatic and local failures. (frontiersin.org)
  • None of the absorbed doses calculated will exceed organ toxicity levels. (uni-wuerzburg.de)
  • Both tumors and patients are complex and models that determine survival and toxicity of radiotherapy or any other treatment ideally must take into account this variability as well as its dynamic state. (maastrichtuniversity.nl)
  • Individualized dose-response curves will allow for consideration of different doses of radiation and combinations with other drugs to plan for both optimal toxicity and complete response. (maastrichtuniversity.nl)
  • Day-of-treatment modifications, called adaptive radiotherapy, are critical for responding to changes in patient anatomy that occur as a result of cancer treatment, and to lowering toxicity to improve outcomes," said Thorsten Melcher, Ph.D., chief business officer at RefleXion. (biospace.com)
  • We identified statistically significant associations between QUANTEC-recommended dose-volume constraints and acute bowel toxicity, as well as late urinary patient-reported symptoms, for both the estimated delivered and planned dose distributions. (lu.se)
  • Though initial studies showed a benefit to dose escalation, phase III studies examining dose escalation using standard fractionation or hyperfractionation have failed to show a benefit. (frontiersin.org)
  • Kleinerman collaborated on studies of environmental exposure to ionizing and nonionizing radiation. (wikipedia.org)
  • This study provides a detailed characterization of the dose-dependent impact of ionizing radiation on skin cells (45, 60, or 80 grays). (mdpi.com)
  • In addition to being an important treatment modality, ionizing radiation (IR) is a potent tumour-causing agent that has been linked to breast cancer development. (uleth.ca)
  • 1998. Food preservation using ionizing radiation. (cdc.gov)
  • Soon after the discovery of X-rays by Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen in 1895, ionizing radiation was utilized for cancer treatment. (springer.com)
  • At the Stem Cell Differentiation and Cytogenetics Group, we are interested in the effects of ionizing radiation on organs such as the brain, the heart, and the lung trying to elucidate the risks for patients treated with ionizing radiation as well as for astronauts, who are inevitably exposed to ionizing radiation on their missions into space. (gsi.de)
  • In such organoids, we can also mimic brain tumor initiation and growth and examine the interaction between normal tissue and tumor tissue upon treatment with ionizing radiation alone or in combination with other treatment modalities such as chemotherapies. (gsi.de)
  • This Public Health Statement is the summary chapter from the Toxicological Profile for ionizing radiation . (cdc.gov)
  • This public health statement tells you about ionizing radiation and the effects of exposure. (cdc.gov)
  • It does not tell you about non-ionizing radiation, such as microwaves, ultrasound, or ultraviolet radiation. (cdc.gov)
  • Exposure to ionizing radiation can come from many sources. (cdc.gov)
  • You can learn when and where you may be exposed to sources of ionizing radiation in the exposure section below. (cdc.gov)
  • However, it's unknown how many of the 1,467 current or former NPL sites have been evaluated for the presence of ionizing radiation sources. (cdc.gov)
  • As more sites are evaluated, the sites with ionizing radiation may increase. (cdc.gov)
  • This information is important because exposure to ionizing radiation may harm you and because these sites may be sources of exposure. (cdc.gov)
  • Even in the event that you are exposed, it does not necessarily mean you will be harmed or suffer longterm health effects from exposure to ionizing radiation. (cdc.gov)
  • If you are exposed to ionizing radiation, many factors determine whether you'll be harmed. (cdc.gov)
  • What is ionizing radiation? (cdc.gov)
  • To explain what ionizing radiation is, we will start with a discussion of atoms, how they come to be radioactive, and how they give off ionizing radiation. (cdc.gov)
  • Of the different types and sources of ionizing radiation, this profile will discuss the three main types: alpha, beta, and gamma radiation. (cdc.gov)
  • Before defining ionizing radiation, it is useful to first describe an atom. (cdc.gov)
  • Ionizing radiation is energy that is carried by several types of particles and rays given off by radioactive material, x ray machines, and fuel elements in nuclear reactors. (cdc.gov)
  • BACKGROUND: Ionizing radiation is an established carcinogen, but risks from low-dose exposures are controversial. (cdc.gov)
  • Since the Biological Effects of Ionizing Radiation VII review of the epidemiological data in 2006, many subsequent publications have reported excess cancer risks from low-dose exposures. (cdc.gov)
  • We therefore conclude that these new epidemiological studies directly support excess cancer risks from low-dose ionizing radiation. (cdc.gov)
  • Whether low-dose ionizing radiation can cause cancer is a critical and long-debated question in radiation protection. (cdc.gov)
  • Since the Biological Effects of Ionizing Radiation report by the National Academies in 2006, new publications from large, well-powered epidemiological studies of low doses have reported positive dose-response relationships. (cdc.gov)
  • The generality of induction of Two major issues faced when city in humans is clear, but in other and response to radiation damage studying radiation carcinogenesis is cases the data are few or non-exist- is discussed for all types of ionizing that radiation-induced cancers are ent. (who.int)
  • Many of the ed either from external sources or excitation events are much closer in vitro and in vivo studies investi- through internal exposure as a re- together for low-energy charged par- gating the mechanisms underlying sult of ingestion, inhalation, dermal ticles, which are considered to be cancer risk from exposure to ionizing absorption, or injection of radionu- high-LET radiation. (who.int)
  • The effects of radiation are radiation have concentrated on low- -particle with an energy of 2 MeV directly related to the dose received has an LET of about 180 keV/m. dose exposures, typical y of 0.1 Gy by individual cel s or organs, and All types of ionizing radiation in- (= 0.1 J/kg) and below. (who.int)
  • The nature of ionizing these effects can vary significant- fects, including DNA damage, chro- radiation ly, depending on the resulting dose mosomal aberrations, mutations, cell distribution or distribution of radionu- transformation, and cell killing (NRC, Ionizing radiation is a term used for clides throughout the body. (who.int)
  • Ionizing radia- distribution of internal radionuclides per unit mass (the absorbed dose, tions are usual y classified as either that emit short-range -particles or expressed in units of gray, where electro magnetic or particulate. (who.int)
  • Ionizing radiation injures tissues variably, depending on factors such as radiation dose, rate of exposure, type of radiation, and part of the body exposed. (msdmanuals.com)
  • With GammaPod, we can administer higher doses of radiation in a more controlled and patient-friendly manner compared with conventional treatments. (utswmed.org)
  • IMRT also delivered less dose to ipsilateral station 5 compared to 3DCRT (mean 66 Gy vs. 71 Gy, p = 0.04). (appliedradiationoncology.com)
  • IFRT using IMRT delivers similar incidental irradiation doses as 3DCRT to EN stations and may be safely delivered without theoretical concern for increased EN failures. (appliedradiationoncology.com)
  • 8,9,11,12 However, studies on EN failure patterns to date have primarily utilized 3DCRT, and it is unclear whether these data are applicable to more advanced modalities like IMRT. (appliedradiationoncology.com)
  • IMRT is being increasingly used for NSCLC with the potential for more conformal radiation, with one study demonstrating an increase in IMRT from 2% in 2002 to 25% in 2009. (appliedradiationoncology.com)
  • Abstract 580 Figure 1The effect of prostate brachytherapy on immune contexts(A) Study of immune response in 24 patients treated with HDRBT at Peter MacCallum Cancer Center ((DOI:10.1136/jitc2020-000792). (edu.au)
  • This paper provides an updated review of the recent progress achieved in ultra-high dose rate radiobiology experiments employing laser-driven protons, including a brief discussion of the relevant methodology and dosimetry approaches. (frontiersin.org)
  • The aim of this study was to measure the in vivo biodistribution and dosimetry of \(^{177}\)Lu-OPS201 in five anesthetized Danish Landrace pigs as an appropriate substitute for humans to quantitatively assess the absorbed doses for future clinical applications. (uni-wuerzburg.de)
  • Relating in vitro to in vivo exposures with physiologically-based tissue dosimetry and tissue response models. (cdc.gov)
  • Objective: The MEDIRAD EARLY HEART study aims to identify and validate new cardiac imaging and circulating biomarkers of radiation-induced cardiovascular changes arising within first 2 years of breast cancer radiotherapy and to develop risk models integrating these biomarkers combined with precise dose metrics of cardiac structures based on three-dimensional dosimetry. (rug.nl)
  • This work influenced clinical practice to reduce the use of radiation to treat these children and was recognized with an NIH Merit Award and two NCI DCEG awards for outstanding research paper by a staff scientist. (wikipedia.org)
  • This course will advance the knowledge of medical physicists, radiation oncologists, nuclear medicine physicians and other related professionals with radiobiology key points that might be useful and practical in their clinical routine while bridges the gap for the application of radiobiology principles in state-of-art theranostic procedures. (seafomp.org)
  • The course is aimed at medical physicists and all other professionals in radiotherapy who are involved in the clinical practice of image guided radiotherapy (IGRT) with a dedicated focus on CBCT-based IGRT. (seafomp.org)
  • Dr. William Morrison is a Professor of Radiation Oncology at M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, with 31 years of clinical experience treating patients with head and neck cancer. (mdanderson.org)
  • European Society for Radiotherapy and Oncology and European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer consensus on re-irradiation: definition, reporting, and clinical decision making. (au.dk)
  • Clinical outcomes after stereotactic ablative radiotherapy in locally advanced cholangiocarcinoma. (au.dk)
  • The Impact of Radiobiologically Informed Dose Prescription on the Clinical Benefit of 90Y SIRT in Colorectal Cancer Patients. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Local and distant failure remains high in this group of patients, so dose escalation has been studied in both single institution and national clinical trials. (frontiersin.org)
  • Response Assessment in Neuro-Oncology working group and European Association for Neuro-Oncology recommendations for the clinical use of PET imaging in gliomas. (smw.ch)
  • Most recently, we have explored three other important facets of the immune response to HDRBT: (i) putative differential drivers of high and intermediate responses (figure 1B), (ii) TCR clonality changes (figure 1C), and (iii) the influence of clinical features (e.g. (edu.au)
  • The main aim of an individual patient data meta-analysis of 14324 women included in 16 studies was to assess the effects of regional node radiotherapy on breast cancer recurrence and mortality, reporting separate meta-analyses of the newer and older trials. (esmo.org)
  • Regional node radiotherapy in the early trials, which started during the 1960s and 1970s, had little effect on overall recurrence or breast cancer mortality and increased non-breast-cancer mortality, leading to a net increase in overall mortality. (esmo.org)
  • In contrast, regional node radiotherapy in the newer trials, which would have been delivered in the 1990s and 2000s, significantly reduced breast cancer recurrence and mortality, with no apparent increase in non-breast-cancer mortality, resulting in significantly reduced overall mortality. (esmo.org)
  • In addition, the rate of recurrence increases and the response to radiotherapy decreases. (medscape.com)
  • Wong best defines it, in 1997 as a slow-healing radiation-induced ischemic necrosis of variable extent occurring in the absence of local primary tumor necrosis, recurrence, or metastatic disease 2 . (bvsalud.org)
  • Mean heart doses and mean left ventricular doses (MLVD) were estimated by reconstruction of individual treatments on representative computed tomography datasets. (ox.ac.uk)
  • PURPOSE: To investigate estimated delivered dose distributions using weekly cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans for pelvic organs at risk (OARs) in salvage radiotherapy (SRT) after radical prostatectomy. (lu.se)
  • The use of particle accelerators in radiotherapy has significantly changed the therapeutic outcomes for many types of solid tumours. (frontiersin.org)
  • With advances in radiation oncology, stereotactic radiosurgery and hypofractionated stereotactic radiotherapy have been utilized for RCC brain metastases, producing excellent outcomes. (cancernetwork.com)
  • This review details the role of radiotherapy in various subgroups of patients with RCC brain metastases as well as the associated toxicities and outcomes. (cancernetwork.com)
  • This platform allows us to minimize the number of trips to the radiation oncology suite and thus minimize potential virus exposure for patients, while striving to improve their outcomes. (utswmed.org)
  • and a single-arm study to assess patient-level adverse-event and tumor outcomes after receiving a post-lumpectomy tumor bed boost with the GammaPod followed by whole breast radiation ( NCT03562273 ). (utswmed.org)
  • Ionising radiation is a human carcinogen, but the evidence is less clear that exposure to low-dose ionising radiation (LDIR) increases the risk of adverse cardiovascular outcomes. (bmj.com)
  • However, breast cancer radiotherapy can lead to incidental irradiation of the heart, resulting in an increased risk for a variety of heart diseases arising many years after radiotherapy. (rug.nl)
  • 7-10 A major contributor to low nodal failure rates may be the clinically meaningful incidental irradiation to EN stations delivered with IFRT. (appliedradiationoncology.com)
  • After surgical resection, adjuvant radiotherapy with standard dose and volume recommended by guidelines [ 9 ] serves as a critical supplementary treatment for subclinical foci elimination. (biomedcentral.com)
  • On the other hand, the failure of radiation to control RCC in the curative or adjuvant setting may have more to do with the tolerance of neighboring structures to the kidney than intrinsic tumor resistance. (cancernetwork.com)
  • The organs of the abdomen including the liver and small bowel have a relatively low tolerance for radiation, and thus the curative and adjuvant trials have generally been restricted to moderate radiation doses of 30 to 55 Gy. (cancernetwork.com)
  • In contrast to the curative or adjuvant setting, radiation has been effective in palliating RCC, especially in the metastatic setting. (cancernetwork.com)
  • Patients were predominantly treated on 2 prospective institutional protocols assessing dose escalation. (appliedradiationoncology.com)
  • At 48 months, BCR was associated with significantly increased mortality risk: 2.46-fold increased risk for dose escalation, 1.51-fold greater risk for short-term ADT, and 2.31-fold higher risk for ADT prolongation. (medscape.com)
  • Overall survival (OS) and radiation-induced liver disease (RILD) were assessed. (biomedcentral.com)
  • It will address the molecular and cellular responses to radiation-induced damage and factors that affect cell survival curve. (seafomp.org)
  • According to the biodistribution data in pigs, presented in this work, the expected radiation exposure in humans will be within the acceptable range. (uni-wuerzburg.de)
  • We found that exposure to low, mammography-like dose of IR led to a significant loss of global DNA methylation in rat mammary gland tissue. (uleth.ca)
  • Risk of heart failure in survivors of Hodgkin lymphoma: effects of cardiac exposure to radiation and anthracyclines. (ox.ac.uk)
  • In breast cancer radiotherapy, substantial radiation exposure of organs other than the treated breast cannot be avoided, potentially inducing second primary cancer or heart disease. (cas.cz)
  • For highly exposed organ parts, specific high-dose risk models based on studies with medical exposure are applied. (cas.cz)
  • There is a growing recognition that exposure to low-dose ionising radiation (LDIR) may increase the risk of cardiovascular disease and reduce longevity. (bmj.com)
  • The effects of exposure to any hazardous substance depend on the dose, the duration, how you are exposed, personal traits and habits, and whether other chemicals are present. (cdc.gov)
  • Diagnosis is by history of exposure, symptoms and signs, and sometimes use of radiation detection equipment to localize and identify radionuclide contamination. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Radiotherapy for cancer treatment is often associated with skin damage that can lead to incapacitating hard-to-heal wounds. (mdpi.com)
  • Linear and non-linear mechanistic models which predict risk of cancer induction as a function of dose were applied randomly to a typical treatment plan. (aapm.org)
  • To quantitatively analyze the acute response after treatment, continuous electrocardiography monitoring was performed from 24 hours before to 48 hours after irradiation and at the 1-month follow-up. (bvsalud.org)
  • A holistic model will allow for determination of an individual dose-response relationship for each organ at risk for each tumor in each individual patient for the complete oncological treatment package. (maastrichtuniversity.nl)
  • The course would benefit attendance by all the professionals involved in the treatment chain: oncologist: medical physicists and radiation therapist. (seafomp.org)
  • Our results enable estimation of HF risk for patients before treatment, during radiotherapy planning, and during follow-up. (ox.ac.uk)
  • From "Can rational combination of ultra-high dose rate FLASH radiotherapy with immunotherapy provide a novel approach to cancer treatment? (varian.com)
  • Surgery remains the mainstay of treatment for young-onset HNSCC, emphasizing performing en-bloc resection with a clear pathological margin greater than 5 mm, and achieving a good aesthetic and functional outcome and quality of life [ 7 , 8 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The only systematic difference between treatment groups was in regional node radiotherapy to the internal mammary chain, supraclavicular fossa, or axilla, or any combinations of these. (esmo.org)
  • Background: Breast cancer is the most common cancer among women, and radiotherapy plays a major role in its treatment. (rug.nl)
  • While standard whole breast irradiation can require daily treatments for three to six weeks, partial breast radiation treatment with GammaPod can be as short as one to five days. (utswmed.org)
  • After CT localization, the cup-based coordinate system of GammaPod delivers treatment from a multisource Cobalt-60 stereotactic radiotherapy system. (utswmed.org)
  • This system uses 25 cobalt sources of radiation that continuously rotate during treatment, creating thousands of beam angles that converge at the target to create an intense focal spot. (utswmed.org)
  • In our preoperative single-fraction radiation trial ( NCT04040569 ), we will give one treatment of radiation prior to surgery. (utswmed.org)
  • Multiple studies have examined the issue of the optimal dose of radiotherapy in NSCLC but are complicated by the heterogeneity of the disease itself in terms of size and location of the primary tumor, number and size of involved lymph nodes, and the patient's comorbidities, all of which limit the treatment tolerability and risks. (frontiersin.org)
  • Delivery of tumoricidal doses to the primary tumor and involved lymph nodes is balanced by treatment-related toxicities, namely esophagitis, pneumonitis, and cardiac injury. (frontiersin.org)
  • Integrating RegEngine into BgRT will allow clinicians to rapidly adapt the daily treatment plan by precisely registering images and image components crucial for treatment planning and dose calculation. (biospace.com)
  • RefleXion's biology-guided radiotherapy has the potential to offer a new treatment option for patients with all stages of cancer, and we are excited and proud to have RegEngine selected as a key component of the treatment planning process in this exciting novel technology. (biospace.com)
  • Treatment was personalised based on PSA response during SRT, classifying patients as PSA responders or non-responders. (lu.se)
  • Radiotherapy has been the mainstay in the treatment of diffuse gliomas for several decades. (smw.ch)
  • Background Prostate cancer is frequently cured with high dose-rate brachytherapy (HDRBT) radiation as a front-line treatment. (edu.au)
  • However, as 20% of the patients did not respond, we also explored pre-treatment gene signatures of patient responses to radiation - identifying potential mechanisms that prime tissues to respond more favourably. (edu.au)
  • Radiotherapy is an extremely effective treatment for head and neck cancer, as a primary mode, and as an auxiliary treatment following surgery. (bvsalud.org)
  • For humans after an injection of 5 GBq \(^{177}\)Lu-OPS201, the highest predicted absorbed doses are obtained for the kidneys (13.7 Gy), the osteogenic cells (3.9 Gy), the urinary bladder wall (1.8 Gy), and the liver (1.0 Gy). (uni-wuerzburg.de)
  • In addition to the above-mentioned rely on epidemiological data for which izing radiation should be considered reviews in the IARC Monographs , statistical significance is reached as carcinogenic to humans (Group 1). (who.int)
  • However, the effects of radiation on the tumor and on organs at risk (OARs) are also influenced by the applied dose and volume of irradiated tissues. (maastrichtuniversity.nl)
  • 1986. Carcinogenic effects of radiation on the human skin. (cdc.gov)
  • hES cells also serve as a basis for cerebral organoid models (Figure C) to better understand e.g. the mechanisms of cognitive impairment and radiation necrosis as severe side effects of radiation therapies. (gsi.de)
  • The algorithms align patient anatomy between different imaging modalities or between radiotherapy treatments. (biospace.com)
  • Approximating cancer induction as a local process, we estimate organ cancer risks by integrating organ-specific dose-response relationships over the organ dose distributions. (cas.cz)
  • The resulting estimates of long-term health risks are largely compatible with rate ratios observed in randomised breast cancer radiotherapy trials. (cas.cz)
  • The main mortality risks from the side-effects of regional node radiotherapy, heart disease and lung cancer, vary according to organ dose. (esmo.org)
  • The risks from regimens can be estimated by combining regimen-specific heart and lung doses with dose-response relationships. (esmo.org)
  • Previous attempts to characterise cardiovascular risks in cohorts suggests ionising radiation increases the risk of cardiovascular disease. (bmj.com)
  • The aim of this monograph was to systematically review the potential biases in these studies (including dose uncertainty, confounding, and outcome misclassification) and to assess whether the subset of minimally biased studies provides evidence for cancer risks from low-dose radiation. (cdc.gov)
  • While distant organs and large parts of nearby ones receive doses in the mGy-Gy range, small parts of the heart, lung and bone marrow often receive doses as high as 50 Gy. (cas.cz)
  • METHODS AND MATERIALS: Studies assessing the relationship between CT-based DVH reduction parameters and RP rate in radically treated lung cancer were eligible for the review. (uwo.ca)
  • 10. Are Lung NTCP Models Different in Hypofractionated and Standard Fractionated Radiotherapy? (rainerklement.com)
  • Bridget Keenan, MD, discusses the tumor microenvironment (TME) and its crucial role in cancer immunotherapy responses. (oncologytube.com)
  • However, the maximally tolerated dose for liver tumors is limited by not only the surrounding radiosensitive liver parenchyma but also the critical organs adjacent to the tumor target [ 4 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • BgRT is designed to one day overcome the technical limitations of existing radiotherapy approaches by using a PET radiotracer to create a unified motion management solution for one or multiple tumors. (biospace.com)
  • The BgRT technology will synchronize these data with the linear accelerator to direct radiotherapy to tumors with subsecond latency. (biospace.com)
  • Laser-accelerated proton beams have unique temporal emission properties, which can be exploited to deliver Gy level doses in single or multiple pulses at dose rates exceeding by many orders of magnitude those currently used in FLASH approaches. (frontiersin.org)
  • Methods: Patients with intractable VT or premature ventricular contraction (PVC)-induced cardiomyopathy were included in this study and treated using a single-fraction 25-Gy dose of cardiac radioablation. (bvsalud.org)
  • Therefore, identifying breast cancer patients at the highest risk for radiation-induced cardiac complications is crucial for developing strategies for primary and secondary prevention, which may contribute to healthy aging. (rug.nl)
  • There is still a need for precise knowledge on the relationship between radiation dose to specific cardiac structures and early subclinical cardiac changes and their occurrence over time that could finally lead to cardiac complications. (rug.nl)
  • Conclusions: The MEDIRAD EARLY HEART study will allow identifying the main cardiac imaging and blood-based determinants of radiation-induced cardiac injuries to better propose primary and secondary preventive measures in order to contribute to enhanced patient care and quality of life. (rug.nl)
  • We review the possible roles for calorie restriction (CR) and very low carbohydrate ketogenic diets (KDs) in modulating the five R's of radiotherapy to improve the therapeutic window between tumor control and normal tissue complication probability. (springer.com)
  • HAYWARD, Calif.--( BUSINESS WIRE )-- RefleXion Medical a therapeutic oncology company pioneering the use of biology-guided radiotherapy ( BgRT )* for all stages of cancer, today announced a non-exclusive, worldwide licensing agreement with Mirada Medical . (biospace.com)
  • The trials used different definitions of BCR ― the older American Society of Therapeutic Radiation and Oncology definition, and the more current Phoenix criteria. (medscape.com)
  • In this meta-analysis of individual patient data, the EBCTCG investigators sought data from all randomised studies of regional lymph node radiotherapy versus no regional lymph node radiotherapy in women with early breast cancer, including one study that irradiated lymph nodes only if the cancer was right-sided. (esmo.org)
  • For organs or their parts receiving relatively low doses, established dose-response models based on radiation-epidemiological data are used. (cas.cz)
  • Acute radiation syndromes can be caused by a sufficient dose of some internally deposited radionuclides that are widely distributed in tissues and organs and have a high specific activity. (msdmanuals.com)
  • In addition to reporting dose-response relationships for over a dozen cancer sites, results from these studies demonstrated the potential to investigate second cancer risk from a range of radiation exposures. (wikipedia.org)
  • For solid cancers, 16 of 22 studies reported positive ERRs per unit dose, and we rejected the hypothesis that the median ERR equals zero (P = .03). (cdc.gov)
  • After exclusion of 4 positive studies with potential positive bias, 12 of 18 studies reported positive ERRs per unit dose (P =.12). (cdc.gov)
  • In vivo distributions and absorbed doses of pigs are comparable to those observed in other publications. (uni-wuerzburg.de)
  • The planned dose distributions were compared with the measured dose distributions using gamma analysis with criteria of 3%/3 mm. (bvsalud.org)
  • Estimated radiation dose distributions were obtained using deformable image registration from weekly CBCT scans. (lu.se)
  • These differences showed trends toward improved associations for estimated delivered dose distributions with side effects. (lu.se)
  • Overall, 24 patients received brachytherapy boost at a median dose of 20 Gy, and 21 patients received an SRT boost at a median dose of 15 Gy. (nih.gov)
  • Kleinerman worked at the National Cancer Institute (NCI) from 1979 to 2019 where she served as a staff scientist and deputy chief of the Radiation Epidemiology Branch. (wikipedia.org)
  • Kleinerman's early research included investigations on long-term effects of curative radiotherapy for cervical cancer, benign gynecological disease, and peptic ulcers. (wikipedia.org)
  • Most breast cancer patients undergo radiation diagnostics and are also treated with radiotherapy. (uleth.ca)
  • Many challenges are associated with obtaining a correct dose-response relationship for radiation induced cancer after radiotherapy with an epidemiological study. (aapm.org)
  • In order to gain a better understanding, some aspects of an epidemiological study on breast cancer following radiotherapy of Hodgkin’s disease were simulated with Monte-Carlo methods. (aapm.org)
  • If a linear dose-response relationship for cancer induction was applied to calculate the theoretical doses at the simulated cancer sites, all Monte-Carlo realizations of the epidemiological study yielded strong evidence for a linear risk to predicted-dose-response. (aapm.org)
  • However, if a non-linear dose-response of cancer induction was applied to calculate the theoretical doses, the Monte Carlo simulated epidemiological study resulted in a non-linear risk to predicted-dose-response relationship only if the tumor size was small ( (aapm.org)
  • If the diagnosed breast cancers exceeded an average diameter of 1.5 cm, an applied non-linear mechanistic theoretical-dose-response relationship for second cancer falsely resulted in strong evidence for a linear predicted-dose relationship from the epidemiological study realizations. (aapm.org)
  • For a typical distribution of breast cancer sizes, the model selection probability for a predicted-dose linear model was 61% although a mechanistic non-linear theoretical-dose-response relationship for cancer induction had been applied. (aapm.org)
  • Epidemiologically obtained dose-response relationships for cancer induction can be wrong, although the epidemiological study was correctly performed due to the finite size of the diagnosed second tumor. (aapm.org)
  • During this time, there were major changes in breast cancer radiotherapy, as reflected in findings. (esmo.org)
  • The meta-analysis performed by EBCTCG investigators shows that regional lymph node irradiation clearly reduces breast cancer mortality and that the effect appears to be driven by internal mammary node radiotherapy. (esmo.org)
  • Methods: The EARLY HEART study is a multicenter, prospective cohort study in which 250 women treated for breast cancer and followed for 2 years after radiotherapy will be included. (rug.nl)
  • GammaPod is a Food and Drug Administration-approved stereotactic radiation machine that allows practitioners to pinpoint and treat breast cancer. (utswmed.org)
  • BgRT uses this real-time biological information to deliver a tracked radiation dose to the cancer. (biospace.com)
  • Methods We present here new results stemming from our recently published immunoprofiling study of world-unique pre- and post-radiation tissues from 24 prostate cancer patients (figure 1A), RadBank cohort).3 These samples were assessed using immune cell multiplex IHC, gene expression profiling, digital spatial profiling (DSP) and computational analysis of cell distribution. (edu.au)
  • Smoking and alcohol consumption have a linear dose-specific relationship with oral cancer. (medscape.com)
  • The study received support from Cancer Research UK, the UK National Health Service, the Prostate Cancer National Institutes of Health Specialized Programs of Research Excellence, the UK Department of Defense, the Prostate Cancer Foundation, and the American Society for Radiation Oncology. (medscape.com)
  • In an accompanied comment, Prof. Mark N Levine of the Department of Oncology, McMaster University in Hamilton, ON, Canada wrote that it is unclear how much of the effect of the radiotherapy occurred because of regional nodal irradiation. (esmo.org)
  • Differences in dose-volume metrics between the planned and estimated delivered doses for the examined OARs were mostly modest, although generally statistically significant. (lu.se)
  • Methods: We conducted a literature search using PubMed, Embase, PLOS, Digital Commons Network, Google Scholar and Cochrane Library from 2000 to 2023, analyzing studies dealing with the relationship between hormetic, cognitive, and reproductive aspects of human aging. (mdpi.com)
  • This has generated very significant interest in assessing the biological effects of proton pulses delivered at very high dose rates. (frontiersin.org)
  • Results This study unequivocally revealed that high dose-rate radiation converts predominately 'cold' prostate tumour tissue to a more activated 'hot' state comprised of two sub-types (high and a less activated intermediate state). (edu.au)
  • For example, comment on the shape of the dose- traversing, producing chemical and cobalt-60 -rays have an LET of response curve and the associated biological damage. (who.int)
  • The dose deposition profile of protons in the form of a "Bragg peak" imparts a unique normal tissue sparing ability [ 6 ] while depositing maximal dose within tumours [ 4 , 7 ]. (frontiersin.org)
  • Thus, the target, either the cavity of the tumor or the tumor itself, receives a full dose while the surrounding healthy tissue is spared. (utswmed.org)
  • Preoperative radiation can minimize the amount of tissue that is ultimately irradiated, in comparison to radiation after surgery. (utswmed.org)
  • For radiation oncology, where millimeters matter in order to preserve healthy tissue, registration of the tumor target to be treated, as well as nearby anatomy to avoid, is critical. (biospace.com)
  • Gamma radiation and x-rays are electromagnetic radiation (ie, photons) of very short wavelength that can penetrate deeply into tissue (many centimeters). (msdmanuals.com)