Radar surface properties. Medical search. Frequent questions

Measurements included surface roughness and later mapping of shadowed regions near the poles. (wikipedia.org)
Radar measurements have also been key to many remarkable advances in our understanding of the atmosphere and to better weather prediction over a variety of temporal and spatial scales. (nationalacademies.org)
AWIPS is a modern data acquisition and distribution system that gives meteorologists singular workstation access to NEXRAD radar products, satellite imagery, gridded weather forecast data, point measurements, and computer- and man-made forecast and warning products. (nationalacademies.org)
ITWS combines data from a number of weather radars, including NEXRAD, the Terminal Doppler Weather Radar (TDWR), and airport surveillance radars (ASR), with lightning cloud-to-ground flash data and automated weather station measurements to produce a suite of products that display current weather as well as nowcast weather out to around one hour for use by air traffic controllers in the management of airport terminal operations (Evans and Ducot, 1994). (nationalacademies.org)
Remote-sensing (e.g., satellite images, aerial photos) can provide excellent spatial coverage, but measurements are mostly indirect and shallow (typically limited to top 5-6 cm), and resolution is generally too coarse to characterize the spatial variability of soil properties at intermediate (field and landscape) scales. (usda.gov)
Our new radar measurements of ice thickness, subglacial topography, basal water, and ice sheet internal layers will better constrain both the processes operating beneath the ice sheet interior today, and the past and possible future evolution of the ice sheet. (npolar.no)
Comparison with reflectivities using a thin layer reflectivity model, informed by surface-based radar and firn core measurements, indicates that the coherent component is sensitive to the near-surface firn structure composed of quasi-specular ice and firn layers, limited by the bandwidth-constrained radar range resolution. (copernicus.org)
These values are compatible with measurements of blocky terrestrial lava flows if surface scattering dominates. (caltech.edu)
A low to intermediate level of surface roughness (rms mean slope in the range 0.1-0.3) is required to explain the available thermal measurements. (aanda.org)
This unique validation dataset includes airborne laser scanner and radar altimeter measurements in spring coincident to CryoSat-2 overflights, and allows us to evaluate how the main scattering horizon is altered by the presence of a complex snow stratigraphy. (awi.de)
Measurements of signal parameters after wave interactions with surfaces, atmospheres, rings, and plasmas are used to infer physical and electrical properties of the target. (umd.edu)
These measurements were applied - separately and together - to Rosetta science objectives such as determination of the gravity field of Churyumov-Gerasimenko and Asteroids Steins and Lutetia, mass of Churyumov-Gerasimenko and Asteroids Steins and Lutetia, temperature and pressure of the plasma and dust environment of the comet, electron density around the comet, scattering properties of the surface, and structure of the solar wind. (umd.edu)
A 3-year dataset is analyzed that consists of Fu-Liou radiative flux calculations, with NASA cloud properties as input, and co-located radiative flux measurements at the surface (obtained from ARM and SURFRAD sites) and TOA (from CERES observations). (confex.com)
Land Data Assimilation System (LDAS) combines multiple sources of observations (such as precipitation gauge data, satellite data, and radar precipitation measurements) to produce estimates of climatological properties at or near the Earth''s surface. (google.com)
Measurements of the electrical properties of naturally occurring solids are covered in the scope of this project. (ieee.org)
The proper use of distributed scatterer (DS) can improve both the density and quality of synthetic aperture radar (SAR) interferometry (InSAR) measurements. (researchgate.net)
An appealing property of these the proposed methods are evaluated using both simulated data techniques is that they maximize the worst-case signal-to- and experimental underwater acoustics measurements, clearly showing the benefits of the technique. (lu.se)
In this thesis, a hyperspectral Scheimpflug lidar (laser radar) was developed and tested for insect measurements. (lu.se)

Soil dielectric properties are largely determined by the moisture content so that where moisture is displaced by oil the soil dielectric properties will change. (spiedigitallibrary.org)
This dielectric property change makes the area sufficiently anomalous so that it can be detected utilizing ground penetrating radar. (spiedigitallibrary.org)
The radar backscatter in the images is a function of surface roughness and dielectric properties of the imaged area. (confex.com)
The dielectric properties are related to physical characteristics of the effective scattering layer, including snow grain size, brine concentration and inclusion size in sea ice, as well as by the phase state of water. (confex.com)
Geophysical methods exploit contrasts in physical properties (dielectric permittivity, apparent electrical conductivity or resistivity, magnetic susceptibility) to indirectly measure, profile, and monitor differences in physico-chemical soil properties, locate structural boundaries, and characterize soil patterns and features. (usda.gov)
The interpretation and comparison of the raw Bscans have allowed to characterize the dielectric properties of the soil layers, and to detect the hyperbola signatures of the buried pipes. (researchgate.net)
By interpretation and comparison of the Bscan allows characterize the dielectric properties of the soil layers.No Perpendicular-to-pipe scanning technique cannot handle multiple closed objects. (researchgate.net)
These so-called anomalous radar behavior in these regions have alternately been ascribed to high-dielectric doping or low dielectric volume scatterinig. (caltech.edu)
The Tissue-Equivalent liquid meets the requirement of dielectric properties standardized by the Association of Radio Industries and Businesses (ARIB), the FCC, and the IEC for the human head and body. (rfglobalnet.com)

It was decided to trial ground penetrating radar by scanning along and over the buried cable to attempt to pinpoint the site of the oil leak. (spiedigitallibrary.org)
Use of ground penetrating radar for determination of water table. (spiedigitallibrary.org)
The three most commonly used geophysical methods in soils and agriculture are electromagnetic induction (EMI), electrical resistivity (ER), and ground-penetrating radar (GPR) Initially used to assess soil salinity, the use of ER and EMI methods greatly expanded in agriculture with the development of precision agriculture in the 1990s. (usda.gov)
This paper presents the design of a novel Ground-Penetrating Radar (GPR) test site that has been integrated into the mini-city demonstrator Sense-City located at University Paris-Est (France). (researchgate.net)
The GPR (Ground Penetrating Radar) conference in Hong Kong year 2016 marked the 30th anniversary of the initial meeting in Tifton, Georgia, USA on 1986. (researchgate.net)
Antennas used in ground penetrating radar systems transmit and receive electromagnetic energy over very wide antenna patterns. (earthdoc.org)
Knowledge of the possible existence of such out-of-plane features should be considered when interpreting or performing velocity migrations on two-dimensional ground penetrating radar images. (earthdoc.org)
In conducting the work, students learned a variety of archaeological field techniques including surface collection, shovel testing, test excavation, magnetometer and ground penetrating radar surveys. (gvsu.edu)

A separate unresolved issue in the planetary radar astronomy is the question of the nature of the highlands of Venus that exhibit high radar reflectivity and low emissivity. (caltech.edu)
Assume the surface has a radar reflectivity defined by a constant gamma model. (mathworks.com)
Model the reflectivity as a constant gamma surface. (mathworks.com)

Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) data provides a consistent (unobscured by cloud) view of the properties and shape of the earth's surface. (esri.com)
To get to our analysis, we will first need to create a Sentinel-1 SAR analysis ready dataset using tools from our Synthetic Aperture Radar toolset. (esri.com)
This paper describes the potential adaption of systems such as interferometric synthetic aperture radar, imaging spectroscopy, and time-domain reflectometry, to slope monitoring and design. (cdc.gov)
This satellite image of the scene, obtained using synthetic-aperture radar, shows the kind resolution that is possible with this technology. (ieee.org)
NASA's Applied Remote Sensing Training Program (ARSET) has opened a new online advanced webinar series: Crop Mapping using Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) and Optical Remote Sensing. (nasa.gov)

Earth - numerous airborne and spacecraft radars have mapped the entire planet, for various purposes. (wikipedia.org)
Here, we derive the coherent component of the near-surface return from airborne ice-penetrating radar surveys over the Devon Ice Cap, Canadian Arctic, to characterize firn containing centimeter- to meter-thick ice layers (i.e., ice slabs) formed from refrozen meltwater in firn. (copernicus.org)
We assess the use of dual-frequency airborne ice-penetrating radar to characterize the spatial and vertical near-surface structure of the Devon Ice Cap by leveraging differences in range resolution of the radar systems. (copernicus.org)

The combination of optical and radar observations normally allows the prediction of orbits at least decades, and sometimes centuries, into the future. (wikipedia.org)
Additional data from a scanning LIDAR system will provide new information about the ice sheet surface, unattainable by satellite observations. (npolar.no)
During the flyby, the Ultraviolet Imaging Spectrograph (UVIS) EUV/FUV conducted observations to map airglow emission lines from nitrogen and carbon and measure reflected sunlight from Titan's haze, which carries information about particle size and properties. (nasa.gov)
The high-quality observations from optical and radar telescopes have enabled us to rule out any future impacts between the Earth and 2012 TC4. (universetoday.com)
However the trend for terrestrial observations has been toward greater use of linearly polarized imaging radars. (caltech.edu)
We performed a radiometric analysis via a thermophysical model and combined our derived properties with results from radar, adaptive optics, lightcurve observations, speckle, and auxiliary thermal data. (aanda.org)
The NAMMA RTMM integrates satellite and radar imagery, model output data, lightning location observations, aircraft (including balloon) navigation data, overlays (e.g., dropsonde analyses), and other data sets. (nasa.gov)

Every day, satellites circling overhead capture trillions of pixels of high-resolution imagery of the surface below. (ieee.org)
Such satellites sense the height of the sea-ice surface above the sea level, which is called sea-ice freeboard. (awi.de)
With the development of technologies such as radars, satellites and (commercial) microwave links (CMLs), the spatiotemporal resolutions at which rainfall can be retrieved are becoming higher and higher. (knmi.nl)
Sea surface temperatures are measured by satellites using microwave sensors. (exploratorium.edu)

Furthermore every-day objects and features that are not much larger than the illumination wavelength appear specular in microwave images, leading to unrecoverable surfaces that we refer to as stealth regions (see Fig. 1C ). (nature.com)
Satellite-derived cloud water path uncertainties are summarized from recent intercomparisons with surface-based microwave radiometer estimates and estimates using radar/radiometer techniques. (confex.com)

The survey was carried out with the enormous, publicly available dataset from the 1994 missions of Shuttle Imaging Radar payload. (caltech.edu)

Radar scatterometers were originally designed to measure near-surface winds from space by measuring the normalized radar backscatter of the ocean's surface. (confex.com)

The Magellan mission mapped the entire planet using a radar altimeter. (wikipedia.org)

Radar astronomy differs from radio astronomy in that the latter is a passive observation (i.e., receiving only) and the former an active one (transmitting and receiving). (wikipedia.org)
There are lots of other differences, but these are enough to give you an idea how radar differs from radio. (rfcafe.com)

Then the rate at which the earth's surface [curves] under one's feet is a global property, because it is the same on the whole planet. (sciforums.com)
For example covering the earth's surface everywhere by a meter of sand would be a global change. (sciforums.com)
Radar can also image the Earth's surface regardless of almost any type of weather condition. (nasa.gov)
Spotlight mode zooms in to a 5- to 10-km patch of Earth's surface in which the antenna switches hundreds of times in a few seconds in order to keep the radar signal targeted precisely. (dlr.de)
The ScanSAR mode also uses a complicated electronic antenna switching sequence - but this time to illuminate a wider strip of the Earth's surface. (dlr.de)
Covering more than 70% of the Earth's surface, oceans absorb huge amounts of solar energy. (exploratorium.edu)

This allows location of subsurface features that the radar antenna may not be able to pass directly over and image because of physical or logistical constraints. (earthdoc.org)
An orbiting radar provides an effective way to probe the Martian subsurface and detect buried layers or geomorphological features. (researchgate.net)
The lunar penetrating radar (LPR) carried by the Yutu-2 rover performed the first in situ measurement of the subsurface structure and physical properties of the subsurface materials on the far side of the Moon. (researchgate.net)

For those who do not have either web application security or API security, a look at our 2022 Radar report for Application and API Security is also a good idea, as those products generally cover both API security and web application firewalls (WAFs). (gigaom.com)

Principles of radar have led to the development of other similar technologies such as sonar, sodar and lidar (laser radar) that permit detection of phenomena and targets in the oceans and in the optically clear air. (nationalacademies.org)

Relying upon high-powered terrestrial radars (of up to one megawatt), radar astronomy is able to provide extremely accurate astrometric information on the structure, composition and movement of Solar System objects. (wikipedia.org)

The distance to which the radar can detect an object is proportional to the square root of the object's size, due to the one-over-distance-to-the-fourth dependence of echo strength. (wikipedia.org)
Radar could detect something ~1 km across a large fraction of an AU away, but at 8-10 AU, the distance to Saturn, we need targets at least hundreds of kilometers wide. (wikipedia.org)
NIOSH is investigating remote sensing technologies to detect, monitor, and mitigate surface mine hazards that lead to slope failure. (cdc.gov)

In recent years, added improvements in short-range forecasting and nowcasting have also resulted from the development of integrated observing systems that blend data from weather radar and other instruments to produce a more complete picture of atmospheric conditions. (nationalacademies.org)
Planned PolarGAP survey flights (coloured lines) over surface elevation data. (npolar.no)
Note "smooth" surface elevation south of ~86°S due to lack of satellite altimetry data. (npolar.no)
Satellite data shows a pattern of cross-over errors in surface elevation. (npolar.no)
Together with the incoherent component of the surface return previously studied, our dual-frequency approach provides an alternative method for characterizing bulk firn properties, particularly where high-resolution radar data are not available. (copernicus.org)
The data show that different geology determines different radar scattering properties within Beta. (caltech.edu)
The analysis of all available data combined revealed a discrepancy with the radar-derived size. (aanda.org)
Optical data is related to the chemical properties of the vegetation, while radar data is related to vegetation structure and moisture. (nasa.gov)
All rainfall products are compared against gauge-adjusted radar data, considered as the ground truth given its high quality, resolution, and availability. (knmi.nl)
The analysis utilizes cloud boundary information derived from surface-based cloud radar data to evaluate their respective uncertainties, strengths and weaknesses. (confex.com)
Epigallocatechin gallate and withaferin A were analyzed for their physiochemical properties, drug-likeness and human intestinal absorptivity using Data Warrior, Molsoft and SwissADME (boiled egg model) respectively. (ijpsonline.com)
Radar sounding data processing for tracing englacial layers of ice sheets and for radar stratigraphy analysis on Mars. (researchgate.net)
His research interests include: remote sensing of cloud and precipitation properties, numerical modeling of cloud systems, and the use of Bayesian algorithms in the development of new data assimilation methodologies and remote sensing techniques. (nasa.gov)
although, some researchers have equipment that can estimate speeds through radar velocity data. (cdc.gov)

Soil stratigraphy seen using radar is due to a large extent to the variable moisture content in the layering of the soil. (spiedigitallibrary.org)

And the Huygens probe, which was dropped down to the moon's surface, sent back detailed photos of channels near its landing site. (newscientist.com)
RADAR continued fulfilling one of the Cassini primary mission objectives by taking more detailed images of the moon's surface. (nasa.gov)

In August 2020 the Arecibo Observatory (Arecibo Planetary Radar) suffered a structural cable failure, leading to the collapse of the main telescope in December of that year. (wikipedia.org)
JPL established contact with the planet Venus using a planetary radar system from 10 March to 10 May 1961. (wikipedia.org)
Planetary radar astronomy has used circular polarization radar signals to probe the surfaces of many solar system targets. (caltech.edu)
One of the unresolved debates on planetary radar astronomy is the nature of the scattering processes from cold planetary ices. (caltech.edu)
Finally, the techniques of planetary radar astronomy were used in an applied sense. (caltech.edu)

Radar bounced off Titan using the Arecibo Observatory in Puerto Rico in 2003 strengthened this view . (newscientist.com)

For the land surface of The Netherlands, we evaluate here four rainfall products, i.e., link-derived rainfall maps, Integrated Multisatellite Retrievals for Global Precipitation Measurement(IMERG) Final Run (IMERG-Global Precipitation Measurement mission), Meteosat Second Generation Cloud Physical Properties (CPP), and Nighttime Infrared Precipitation Estimation (NIPE). (knmi.nl)

We launched Radar in 2016 to help protect our users from fraud. (stripe.com)

Maps of Venusian radar albedo were made for each of two days of observation in both OS (echo principally due to specular reflection) and SS (diffuse echo) channels. (caltech.edu)
Snow on sea ice is a relevant polar climate parameter related to ocean-atmospheric interactions and surface albedo. (awi.de)

The CPS-9 (X-band or 3-cm wavelength) was the first radar specifically designed for meteorological use and was brought into service by the U.S. Air Force USAF Air Weather Service in 1954. (nationalacademies.org)
It operated at S-band or 10-cm wavelength, chosen to minimize the undesirable effects of signal attenuation by rainfall experienced on the CPS-9 3-cm wavelength radar. (nationalacademies.org)
Frequency dependence may also result from heterogeneous distributions of these properties on spatial scales comparable to the electromagnetic wavelength in the material. (earthdoc.org)

Satellite remote sensing can provide a real-time characterization of cloud properties with sufficient accuracy to improve the initial conditions for NWP. (confex.com)

Radar for Fraud Teams surfaces a numerical risk score (0-100) for every payment. (stripe.com)

Results are presented of 3.5-cm delay-Doppler and Doppler-only (continuous wave or CW) radar experiments to assess three potential Mars Pathfinder landing sites: Ares Vallis, Tritonis Lacus, and northwest (NW) Isidis. (caltech.edu)
We find that Ares Vallis has a Hagfors rms slope of θ_(rms)=4.8°±1.1° as measured by delay-Doppler radar, and θ_(rms)=6.4°±0.6° measured by CW radar. (caltech.edu)
This application note presents a Rohde & Schwarz solution for testing the complete radar system that transmits any kind of radar signal by generating radar echo signals with arbitrary range, Doppler frequency, and radar cross section in response. (rfglobalnet.com)

Here, we present estimates for the impact of snow depth uncertainties and snow properties on CryoSat-2 sea-ice thickness retrievals. (awi.de)
The large worldwide coverage of CMLs potentially offers a more extensive platform for the ground validation of satellite estimates over the land surface of the Earth. (knmi.nl)
A particular emphasis is placed on comparisons with cloud radar estimates in order to pin down the satellite sensitivities for clouds with large optical and geometric thickness. (confex.com)

Radar astronomy is a technique of observing nearby astronomical objects by reflecting radio waves or microwaves off target objects and analyzing their reflections. (wikipedia.org)
But Cassini's visible and infrared cameras have failed to find the reflections expected from surface liquid. (newscientist.com)
Hundreds of square kilometers in western Tibet's Kunlun Shan, and in the Central Andes at the latitude of Santiago display radar scattering behavior quite similar to that in Greenland where internal reflections of the radar waves within icy inclusions in the firn enhance scattering in the same sense of circular polarization. (caltech.edu)
The effect arises from reflections from the top and bottom surfaces of the layer that coincide and cause some wavelengths to cancel each other out while other wavelengths reinforce each other. (lu.se)

Small scale variability of electromagnetic soil properties and their influence. (spiedigitallibrary.org)

and measure properties of the atmosphere and oceans. (nationalacademies.org)
A third possibility is that organic particles in Titan's haze settled out of the atmosphere and were blown by wind into low-lying areas, forming smooth surfaces. (newscientist.com)
If you are old enough to remember much about the last war, you recall the mystery, the cloak-and-dagger atmosphere, which surrounded radar. (rfcafe.com)
Finally, the NASA cloud products are assessed in terms of how accurately they produce radiative fluxes at the surface and top-of-atmosphere (TOA) when incorporated as inputs into a radiative transfer model. (confex.com)

An in-depth vendor analysis that builds on the framework developed in the Key Criteria and Radar reports to assess a company's engagement within a technology sector. (gigaom.com)

Beta Regio includes previously observed radar-anomalous regions. (caltech.edu)

One big similarity is that both radar and radio transmit signals in much the same way. (rfcafe.com)
The Shallow radar orbital radar system on board the NASA Mars reconnaissance orbiter transmits pulsed signals tow. (researchgate.net)

An "A-scan" display is what the mountaintop UHF radar operators in Hawaii were monitoring when Japanese aircraft attacked Pearl Harbor on December 7, 1941. (rfcafe.com)
The material can be spray-coated, making it suitable for large applications like aircraft, power lines, radar domes and ships, according to the researchers. (eurekalert.org)

Laser and ASIRAS radar: Ice surface elevation and shallow snow processes. (npolar.no)

Slope stability accidents are a leading cause of fatalities at U.S. surface mines. (cdc.gov)
Material properties affecting slope stability were measured in a large 50-year-old, partially consolidated rock dump located in an active open-pit mine. (cdc.gov)

At field and landscape scales, characterizing spatial and temporal variations in soil properties is prohibitively time-consuming, expensive, and impractical using traditional point-sampling methods alone. (usda.gov)
Proximal soil sensing (i.e. near-surface geophysical methods) are used to study soil phenomena across spatial scales. (usda.gov)
Melting and refreezing processes in the firn of the Devon Ice Cap control meltwater infiltration and runoff across the ice cap, but their full spatial extent and effect on near-surface structure is difficult to measure with surface-based traverses or existing satellite remote sensing. (copernicus.org)

Likewise, the radar antenna serves as the receiving as well as the transmitting antenna, while radio uses two antennas, possibly hundreds of miles apart. (rfcafe.com)

2018). However, the contribution of surface meltwater runoff to surface mass balance is complicated by the potential of meltwater refreezing in firn with sufficient cold content (i.e., the energy required to bring firn to its melting temperature), thereby buffering mass loss (van den Broeke et al. (copernicus.org)

Simply modeling these surfaces to compute the section of the cone intersected by the radar image allows location of scatterers nearby but out of the plane of the radar image. (earthdoc.org)

In ( E ) each image is broken down into the energy received from three spectral bands, leading to diversity in reflectance properties. (nature.com)

Mapping surface soil water content with the ground wave of. (spiedigitallibrary.org)
Soil properties vary in space and time. (usda.gov)
In this chapter, descriptions are provided for different types of proximal sensing tools (i.e. near-surface geophysical methods) that can be used to map soil attributes of importance for agriculture and natural resource management. (usda.gov)
Since the late 1970s, GPR has been used extensively as a quality control tool to improve soil property interpretations. (usda.gov)
In addition, experimental results showed that the optimized soybean protein isolate-graft-sodium carboxymethyl cellulose composite mulch film possesses soil moisture retention and controlled urea release properties. (bvsalud.org)

The ground penetration radar (GPR) technique is compared with two seismic methods, the spectral-analysis-of-surface-waves (SASW) and the crosshole, for detection of buried objects. (earthdoc.org)

By flying the ASIRAS radar, an analogue of the space-borne system, over these anomalies we will test this hypothesis. (npolar.no)
The nature and morphology of the highland radar anomalies in Beta is consistent with a diffuse scattering mechanism. (caltech.edu)
Not covered are methods that rely on mapping earth structure anomalies unless directly related to electrical properties. (ieee.org)

Naud, C. M., J. A. Crespo, and D. J. Posselt , 2021: On the relationship between CYGNSS surface heat fluxes and the lifecycle of low-latitude extratropical cyclones. (nasa.gov)

Venus - first radar detection in 1961. (wikipedia.org)
Essentially, radar is a radio device used to locate airplanes, ships, or other objects in darkness, fog, and storms, and its kinship with radio is even emphasized in the word "radar," which means "radio detection and ranging. (rfcafe.com)
Figure 1 is an example of a the-shelf systems available for mining equipment recent accident that resulted in serious injuries to one include radar and tag-based detection systems. (cdc.gov)

This webinar series is intended for local, regional, federal, and non-governmental organizations from agriculture and food security related agencies to use radar and optical remote sensing applications in the domain of agriculture for crop mapping and monitoring. (nasa.gov)

We now help you evaluate payments holistically rather than in isolation by surfacing previous related payments your business has processed that match certain attributes like email address, IP address, or card number. (stripe.com)

The typical result observed in a two-dimensional radar image over a point scatterer is the characteristic hyperbola as the radar pulse is reflected from the scatterer both before and after the antenna has passed over the point. (earthdoc.org)
Geometric spreading loss does not cause frequency dependence as the energy is not lost, but spread over the surface area of an expanding sphere about the antenna. (earthdoc.org)

We present new dual circular-polarization radar maps of the western hemisphere of Venus. (caltech.edu)
The results are from a 1993 experiment to image Venus with 3.5 cm radar. (caltech.edu)
The nature of these altitude-related electrical properties on Venus is one of the outstanding surface process questions that remain after the Magellan mission. (caltech.edu)

It also remains an important factor for sea-ice thickness products retrieved from Ku-band satellite radar altimeters like Envisat or CryoSat-2, which is currently on its mission and the subject of many recent studies. (awi.de)
Usually, satellite derived products are validated against radar or rain gauge networks. (knmi.nl)

Before you begin the study of the physical and mathematical principles which you as a student of electronics must understand to work successfully with electronic equipment, you should know something about what radar can do. (rfcafe.com)
One of the basic physical laws which apply to radar is that time is required for an object to pass between two points in space. (rfcafe.com)

Radar systems have been conducted for six decades applied to a wide range of Solar System studies. (wikipedia.org)
Weather radar also monitors larger weather systems such as hurricanes that often include similar phenomena but can extend over very large areas. (nationalacademies.org)
The evolution of weather radar in the United States has been marked by the development and implementation of a series of operational systems, including the CPS-9, the WSR-57, and the WSR-88D (NEXRAD). (nationalacademies.org)
Each of these systems was a response to the recognition of new needs and opportunities and/or deficiencies in the prior generation radar. (nationalacademies.org)
Hence, arbitrary virtual targets are generated making it possible to perform real-time tests on many kinds of aerospace and defense or commercial radar systems. (rfglobalnet.com)
These immense surfaces of water are constantly evaporating, creating the rainclouds and storm systems that power the world's weather. (exploratorium.edu)
There is clearly a need to provide manufacturers to modify existing systems to meet the better information to equipment operators regarding needs of surface mining and through cooperative their surroundings. (cdc.gov)

The change in shape is most often caused by frequency dependent material properties. (earthdoc.org)
All frequency dependences in material properties anse from energy loss mechanisms. (earthdoc.org)
A series of LEDs the same time, new technologies were investigated to light up in succession, and the warning tone changes meet the specific requirements of surface mining frequency to indicate distance to an object. (cdc.gov)

Rotation period, gross surface properties. (wikipedia.org)

We found a thermal inertia in the range 350−800 Jm -2 s -0.5 K -1 , very similar to the rubble-pile asteroid 25 143 Itokawa and indicating a surface with a mixture of low conductivity fine regolith with larger rocks and boulders of high thermal inertia. (aanda.org)

Magnetic sensors: Map magnetic properties of underlying rocks. (npolar.no)
Remote sensing methods based on optical and/or radar sensors have become an important means of extracting information related to crops. (nasa.gov)

Today, weather radars improve aviation safety and increase the operational efficiency of the entire air transport industry, and they contribute to agriculture alerts and flood warnings through monitoring of rainfall intensity. (nationalacademies.org)

The long time series enables extensive studies of seasonal and interannual variability as well as surface changes related to climate change. (confex.com)

There is one remaining radar astronomy facility in regular use, the Goldstone Solar System Radar. (wikipedia.org)
The maximum range of astronomy by radar is very limited, and is confined to the Solar System. (wikipedia.org)

Chemicals and Drugs1

Psychiatry and Psychology1

Phenomena and Processes7

Technology, Industry, Agriculture1

Information Science1

Health Care2

Measurements18

Dielectric9

Ground penet8

Reflectivity3

Synthetic Apert5

Airborne3

Observations7

Satellites4

Microwave2

Dataset1

Ocean's surface1

Altimeter1

Differs from radio2

Earth's surface6

Subsurface3

20221

Laser radar1

Terrestrial1

Detect3

Data14

Stratigraphy1

Moon's surface2

Planetary radar5

Arecibo Observatory1

Precipitation1

20161

Albedo2

Wavelength3

Characterization1

Numerical1

Doppler3

Estimates3

Reflections4

Electromagnetic1

Atmosphere4

Assess1

Anomalous1

Signals2

Aircraft2

Shallow1

Slope2

Spatial3

Antennas1

Firn1

Scatterers1

Reflectance1

Soil5

Seismic1

Anomalies3

Fluxes1

Detection3

Mapping1

Evaluate1

Antenna2

Venus3

Satellite2

Physical2

Systems7

Frequency3

Rotation1

Regolith1

Sensors2

Rainfall1

Climate change1

Solar2