Racial genetic variation. Medical search. Frequent questions

Human genetic variation is the genetic differences in and among populations. (wikipedia.org)
The lack of discontinuities in genetic distances between human populations, absence of discrete branches in the human species, and striking homogeneity of human beings globally, imply that there is no scientific basis for inferring races or subspecies in humans, and for most traits, there is much more variation within populations than between them. (wikipedia.org)
Despite this, modern genetic studies have found substantial average genetic differences across human populations in traits such as skin colour, bodily dimensions, lactose and starch digestion, high altitude adaptions, and predisposition to developing particular diseases. (wikipedia.org)
There are at least three reasons why genetic variation exists between populations. (wikipedia.org)
Serial founder effects and past small population size (increasing the likelihood of genetic drift) may have had an important influence in neutral differences between populations. (wikipedia.org)
In the face of environmental changes or the emergence of new pathogens, populations with high genetic diversity are more likely to have individuals with genetic traits that provide resistance or tolerance. (realdetroitweekly.com)
Clinical trials often do not have adequate representation of diverse racial and ethnic groups: if a trial has a predominantly non-diverse participant pool, it may not capture the range of genetic and biological factors that could affect drug response in other populations. (universityobserver.ie)
Racial and ethnic participation in global clinical trials is an important aspect of medical research, as it helps ensure that healthcare interventions and medications are safe and effective for diverse populations. (universityobserver.ie)
Regardless of what our senses seem to tell us, race is not a biologically coherent story about human variation simply because the races we recognize and name are not biologically coherent populations. (mixedracestudies.org)
In 1972, Lewontin identified that most of the genetic variation within human populations is found within local geographic groups, and that differences among so-called "racial" groups are a minor element within human genetic variability. (jewishcurrents.org)
Genetic changes in human populations occur too slowly to be responsible for the obesity epidemic. (cdc.gov)
On the origin of obesity: identifying the biological, environmental and cultural drivers of genetic risk among human populations. (cdc.gov)
At most human genes, there is far more variation within human populations than between them. (blogspot.com)
Of course, even at these other genes two populations may start to show diverging patterns of variation once they have become reproductive isolated species. (blogspot.com)
In the context of this paper, ancestry is defined using genetic variants based on the distribution of those variants in worldwide populations. (nature.com)
By comparing segments of DNA with the distribution of genetic variants in worldwide populations, it is possible to determine the likely "parental" or source population for each segment of DNA, indicating a component of the individual's overall ancestry. (nature.com)
The aim of this study was to examine the structure of common variation ascertained in major U.S. populations by resequencing the exons and flanking regions of 3,873 genes in 154 chromosomes from European, Latino/Hispanic, Asian, and African Americans generated by the Genaissance Resequencing Project. (blogspot.com)
Yes, different populations vary in some of the 0.1 percent of the genome that makes up much of human genetic diversity, but this variation does not represent biological races no matter how one manipulates/packages/represents it. (freethoughtblogs.com)
According to the National Cancer Institute, disparities in cancer care can be improved in several ways, including by creating statewide cancer screening programs that are accessible to underserved populations and by addressing the biological differences in breast cancer across racial and ethnic groups. (bcrf.org)
Although racial divisions may appear vast from cultural and social vantage points, genetic variations between populations are, in fact, quite minor . (donedigg.com)

Dr. Hamad's research focuses on the pathways linking social factors like poverty and education with racial and socioeconomic disparities in health across the life course. (ucsf.edu)
Racial categories, while not scientifically justified, have been used historically to justify unequal treatment and institutional discrimination, leading to persistent disparities in health, education, economic status, and justice. (survivornet.com)
Racial disparities in health outcomes, access to health care, insurance coverage, and quality of care in the United States have existed for many years. (bvsalud.org)

A genetic cause of preterm birth was suggested by racial disparity, a tendency to occur within families and a high rate of recurrence, according to Errol Norwitz, M.D., associate professor in the Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Sciences at Yale and lead investigator of the study. (sciencedaily.com)

This shuffling and recombination of genetic information contribute to the genetic diversity observed in offspring. (realdetroitweekly.com)
Genetic diversity plays a vital role in evolution by promoting adaptability within a population. (realdetroitweekly.com)
Genetic diversity acts as a buffer against environmental challenges and diseases. (realdetroitweekly.com)
Genetic diversity provides the raw material for natural selection to operate. (realdetroitweekly.com)
This diversity is crucial because individuals from different racial and ethnic groups can have variations in genetics, biology, and responses to treatments. (universityobserver.ie)
The paucity of data on individuals with African ancestry is especially noteworthy as Africa is the birthplace of modern humans and harbors the greatest genetic diversity. (nature.com)

Genetics refers to the study of genes and heredity, while inheritance refers to the process by which genetic information is transferred from parents to offspring. (realdetroitweekly.com)
They then compared the distribution of 128 well-known genetic variations, known as single nucleotide polymorphisms, in 77 genes between the two groups. (sciencedaily.com)
The study - published in Breast Cancer Research - reports that specific genetic variations in vitamin D receptors and genes responsible for deactivating the sunshine vitamin, are associated with an increase in breast cancer risk for African American women. (nutraingredients.com)
Yet that is a real stretch in other instances when genes are linked to health conditions that become labeled as race specific, since this has the potential to distort the discussion on racial health disparities. (americanprogress.org)
Health professionals and the public must be wary of oversimplifying the idea that "x" gene equals "y" medical condition since millions of genetic variations may exist and identifying them all, and how genes interact with one another, has yet to be determined. (americanprogress.org)
Lewontin believes this approach, applied to human beings, amounts to genetic determinism and inadequately deals with the complex interaction of genes and environment. (jewishcurrents.org)
Nevertheless, the variation in how people respond to the same environment suggests that genes do play a role in the development of obesity. (cdc.gov)
Other studies have compared obese and non-obese people for variation in genes that could influence behaviors (such as a drive to overeat, or a tendency to be sedentary) or metabolism (such as a diminished capacity to use dietary fats as fuel, or an increased tendency to store body fat). (cdc.gov)

One of the best exploration of changes in the US Census racial categorization over a century is Sharon M. Lee's article in Ethnic and Racial Studies , "Racial classification in the US census: 1890-1990" . (thesocietypages.org)

[ 1 ] Significant genetic variation exists between and within racial and ethnic groups, but the issue is confounded by important coexisting economic, cultural, and environmental differences, including geography (place of birth). (medscape.com)
It is thus essential that these trials include a representative sample of the population to understand how these interventions may affect various racial and ethnic groups differently. (universityobserver.ie)
Clinical drug trials that appear to work differently or less effectively in specific racial or ethnic groups are a topic of concern in healthcare, as they can raise questions about potential health disparities and unequal treatment. (universityobserver.ie)
Certain racial and ethnic groups may have a higher risk of experiencing specific adverse effects due to genetic predispositions. (universityobserver.ie)
In fact, a recent study led by BCRF investigator Dr. Marianna Chavez MacGregor underscored the importance of healthcare access after it found that among patients with stage 4 breast cancer, survival disparities between white women and other racial/ethnic groups were no longer present in states that expanded Medicaid (healthcare coverage for low-income Americans) after the Affordable Care Act. (bcrf.org)
The identification of genetic variants related to blood lipid levels within a large, population-based and nationally representative study might lead to a better understanding of the genetic contribution to serum lipid levels in the major race/ethnic groups in the U.S. population. (cdc.gov)
Univariate and multivariable linear regression and within-gene haplotype trend regression were used to test for genetic associations assuming an additive mode of inheritance for each of the three major race/ethnic groups in the United States (non-Hispanic white, non-Hispanic black, and Mexican American). (cdc.gov)
To assess genetic variation among racial and ethnic groups in the U.S. population, we need genetic information from a large, well-designed, and population-based U.S. survey, such as the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III) that includes the three major race/ethnic groups. (cdc.gov)

Genetic differences may alter susceptibility to asthma, as well as responsiveness to asthma medications. (medscape.com)
Genetic Susceptibility to Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and Risk for Pancreatic Cancer: Mendelian Randomization Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. (usc.edu)
Distinct germline genetic susceptibility profiles identified for common non-Hodgkin lymphoma subtypes. (who.int)

Instead, they can be influenced by a range of factors, including genetic variations, socioeconomic factors, and healthcare access. (universityobserver.ie)
Historically, racial and ethnic minorities, especially in the United States, have been underrepresented in clinical trials due to systemic barriers, mistrust, socioeconomic factors, and access to healthcare. (universityobserver.ie)
Racial, Ethnic, and Socioeconomic Differences in a Deficit Accumulation Frailty Index in the Multiethnic Cohort Study J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. (usc.edu)

Although a small number of genetic variants are found more frequently in certain geographic regions or in people with ancestry from those regions, this variation accounts for a small portion (~15%) of human genome variability. (wikipedia.org)
2) It is important to realize that continental ancestry, in the most common way of measuring it via self-report, reflects self-proclaimed racial/ethnic identity- an entirely socially (and administratively) constructed characteristic, and a very poor proxy of true continental ancestry. (project-syndicate.org)
How does the conversation about the use of race in medicine relate to the growing attention to genetic ancestry and population-based variation in genetic polymorphisms? (ucsf.edu)
Importantly, someone's genetic ancestry may have little to do with their identity in terms of race or culture. (nature.com)

Skin color inheritance follows patterns of dominance and recessiveness, so for a black baby to be born to two white parents, both parents would need to carry and pass on the specific genetic variations associated with darker skin. (realdetroitweekly.com)

In medicine, study of human genetic variation may be important because some disease-causing alleles occur more often in certain population groups. (wikipedia.org)
While some monogenic diseases track (incompletely) with race, such as sickle cell anaemia and cystic fibrosis, the vast majority of health conditions cannot be mapped to genetic variation between racial groups. (bmj.com)
Most human genetic variation is found within ancestral groups with only 5%-10% of gene frequencies differing between ancestral groups. (bmj.com)
There is as much genetic variation within racial groups as there is between them. (mixedracestudies.org)
Basu justifies this assumption by stating that "the vast majority of genetic variation associated with race-specific traits exists within racial groups and not between them. (healthcare-economist.com)
In fact, there is greater genetic variation within these racial groups than between them. (survivornet.com)
These differences can be seen in groups of people with the same racial or ethnic background and even within families. (cdc.gov)
Research in human genetics has highlighted that there is more genetic variation within than between human groups, where those groups are defined in terms of linguistic, geographic, and cultural boundaries. (blogspot.com)
Scientists are just beginning to understand how genetic variations in different racial groups can affect response to drugs used to treat heart disease and cancer. (vumc.org)
A new AJHG preprint looks at the genetic variation in different groups of the US population. (blogspot.com)
Also an interesting view of the genetic structure of the main US population groups. (blogspot.com)
Different groups have defined race at different times, and it is possible to adopt racial affiliations easily. (aascalifornia.org)
But today, it is still difficult to define a race in a scientific way, so racial classifications are the most common method for classifying human groups. (aascalifornia.org)
In the United States, racial and ethnicity are social groups, whereas race is a personal identity. (aascalifornia.org)
Intending to "demystify the genetic basis of race," he tried to describe distinct racial groups, which he argued emanated from Africa, Europe and East Asia. (donedigg.com)
States are members of the racial groups term Asian refers to people having subgroups vary. (cdc.gov)

It is important to approach this topic with sensitivity and an understanding of how genetic traits are passed down through generations. (realdetroitweekly.com)
Additionally, studying genetics allows scientists to explore the inheritance patterns of traits and the mechanisms behind genetic diseases. (realdetroitweekly.com)
When individuals have different genetic variations, they possess a wider range of traits and characteristics. (realdetroitweekly.com)

Racialism implies that these races are substantially physiologically different from each other and that these racial differences strongly determine the abilities and behavior of individuals and peoples. (rationalwiki.org)
There is an erroneous assumption that the variable genetic patterns in humans underlie relevant differences in health, behavior and even aptitude. (freethoughtblogs.com)
Sleep is a complex behavior regulated by genetic and environmental factors, and is known to influence health outcomes. (bvsalud.org)

Data from the Prevention of Allergy: Risk Factors for Sensitization in Children Related to Farming and Anthroposophic Lifestyle (PARSIFAL) Study and the Multidisciplinary Study to Identify the Genetic and Environmental Causes of Asthma in the European Community Advanced (GABRIELA) reinforce the concept of the hygiene hypothesis. (medscape.com)
It's important to note that the relationship between genetics and drug response is complex, and genetic variations are just one of many factors influencing drug effectiveness and safety. (universityobserver.ie)
As geneticist Francis Collins observes, "associations often made between race and disease only occasionally have anything to do with DNA [and] most diseases are not single-locus genetic diseases and often are quite complex, involving many genetic loci as well as environmental factors. (americanprogress.org)
Studies show a wide variation which could be due to genetic or racial factors or incorrect diagnosis. (iddt.org)
Studies of resemblances and differences among family members, twins, and adoptees offer indirect scientific evidence that a sizable portion of the variation in weight among adults is due to genetic factors. (cdc.gov)
The genetic basis for elevation in lipid levels is not well understood, but substantial heritability has been demonstrated in twin [ 9 ] and family-based [ 10 - 12 ] studies, which have estimated that approximately 43% to 83% of the variance in blood lipid and lipoprotein levels is attributable to genetic factors. (cdc.gov)
Also, genetic factors are believed hospitals and clinics in the south-east of the to be important [2-5]. (who.int)
Many tween environmental and genetic risk factors. (who.int)
Chromosomal anomalies are responsible for most mal- be related to regional differences in maternal risk factors, formations that occur due to genetic factors. (who.int)
Contributory factors are thought to be primarily genetic or autoimmune. (msdmanuals.com)
Access to health care, behavioral and psychosocial factors as well as cultural differences contribute to the racial and ethnic variations that exist in a person's health. (bvsalud.org)

In humans, the main cause is genetic drift. (wikipedia.org)
Genetic variation among humans occurs on many scales, from gross alterations in the human karyotype to single nucleotide changes. (wikipedia.org)
Genetic research, particularly insights gained from the Human Genome Project, has revealed that the genetic differences that do exist among humans do not align with the traditional racial categories. (survivornet.com)
In the members' segment (try this link ), we explore more on the different origins of humans and understanding how the science of racial differences has been politicized. (theoccidentalobserver.net)

a distinct racial category and left digging for clues…"Well their skin tone makes me think this, but their hair…" The second thing it does is make clear, that where one race category begins and the other ends, is not clear…even if the labels are distinct. (thesocietypages.org)

Our GWAS confirmed 11 genetic loci previously associated with leucocyte telomere length (LTL) and two novel loci in SCNN1D and PITPNM1. (cdc.gov)

This is tied to the resilience of genetic determinism as an explanatory frame to make sense of social difference. (freethoughtblogs.com)

4 Nonetheless, different frequencies of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) by race have led some investigators to search for genetic differences that cause racial disparities in PTB. (bmj.com)
Recent candidate gene studies [ 13 - 16 ], as well as genome-wide association studies [ 17 - 25 ], have identified polymorphisms that account for a portion of the variation in blood lipid levels. (cdc.gov)

The researchers identified 27 common variants associated with reduced BDR, which accounted for 23%, 16% and 18% of variation in albuterol response in Puerto Ricans, Mexicans and African Americans, respectively. (medscape.com)
Dr. Michael Wechsler, director of the NJH Cohen Family Asthma Institute at National Jewish Health in Denver, said, "In this study, several new genetic variants associated with responsiveness or lack of responsiveness to albuterol were identified that may potentially give clues to what is causing asthma in these minority patients specifically. (medscape.com)

Variations in racial and ethnic classification used to collect data hinders the ability to obtain reliable and accurate health-indicator rates and in some instances cause bias in estimating the race/ethnicity-specific health measures. (bvsalud.org)

Even monozygotic twins (who develop from one zygote) have infrequent genetic differences due to mutations occurring during development and gene copy-number variation. (wikipedia.org)
A second important process is genetic drift, which is the effect of random changes in the gene pool, under conditions where most mutations are neutral (that is, they do not appear to have any positive or negative selective effect on the organism). (wikipedia.org)
citation needed] The second main cause of genetic variation is due to the high degree of neutrality of most mutations. (wikipedia.org)
Certain genetic mutations or variations can increase the likelihood of developing specific conditions. (realdetroitweekly.com)

The study of human genetic variation has evolutionary significance and medical applications. (wikipedia.org)
Lewontin concluded that 85% of human genetic variation exists only between individuals and cannot be apportioned on a population basis. (blogspot.com)

Under each photograph it provides the person's name, age, city and self identified racial category, ranging from "Blasian" (half Black half Asian) to "human being" , as well as the box(es) they checked on the last US Census form. (thesocietypages.org)

Genetics and inheritance play a vital role in understanding the occurrence of genetic disorders and diseases. (realdetroitweekly.com)

Race is an idea that has become so fixed in American society that there is no room for open-mindedness when challenging the idea of racial categories. (123helpme.com)
In fact, opposing sides of the debate use the same argument-those in favor of eliminating racial categories and those in favor of using racial categories in medical research argue that such a move is problematic. (americanprogress.org)
This does two things, one it reinforces the fact that race categories are based on superficial physical characteristics rather than deeply distinguishing genetic variation. (thesocietypages.org)
This makes racial categories a product of the social context and an expression of power. (thesocietypages.org)
We hosted a five-session series of rich, cross-disciplinary events that carved out the much-needed dedicated space to discuss the origins of the use of racial categories in medicine, the controversies surrounding its current use and practice, and future directions for clinical care, medical education, and research in the context of advancing health equity across all of the UC academic medical institutions. (ucsf.edu)
Clearly, racial categories seem to be very hazy entities-so hazy, in fact, as to seem useless. (blogspot.com)
In the United States, difference is always more important than similarity - the well-known "one-drop" racial classification categories. (freethoughtblogs.com)

Dan also claimed small mutational genetic changes accumulate to evolve new organisms. (ubc.ca)

35%) is dwarfed by non-genetic or broadly defined environmental influences, particularly when self-identified African-Americans are compared with self-identified European Americans. (bmj.com)

People of Asian heritage with epilepsy are required to undergo genetic testing before being administered the seizure medicine carbamazepine, because the treatment can harm the skin and internal organs of patients with a certain gene mutation. (universityobserver.ie)
But, because low levels of the vitamin D can also be caused by disease, or by treatment, the researchers decided to focus their studies on genetic variations in the vitamin D receptors, and the enzymes responsible for breaking down vitamin D in the body - controlled by a gene known as CYP24A1. (nutraingredients.com)
They found 27 new gene variations. (medlineplus.gov)

5 6 Some strong evidence supports that disparities in birth outcomes are largely attributable to environmental, as opposed to genetic variation. (bmj.com)
Using the Mass General Brigham Biobank, we aimed to examine the association of multidimensional sleep with health outcomes and investigate whether sleep behaviors modulate genetic predisposition to unfavorable sleep on mental health outcomes. (bvsalud.org)

As far as genetics are concerned, Europeans and Asians share nearly the same genetic variation. (aascalifornia.org)

4) In the past, races were identified by the imposition of discrete boundaries upon continuous and often discordant biological variation. (123helpme.com)
Race is not an accurate or productive way to describe human biological variation. (rationalwiki.org)

Findings from the MrOS cohorts also demonstrate that racial and genetic variations in aromatase activity influence serum E2 levels in men. (edu.au)

We look at what it will take for Europeans to reach a critical mass of racial awareness and take actions to combat monsters like Barbara Spectre, who unapologetically advocates the destruction of ethnic European societies. (theoccidentalobserver.net)
The aim of the study is to examine the ethnogeographic variations in sleep quality, cognitive performance and brain morphometry among Indians living in India, and South Asians and Europeans residing in the UK. (bvsalud.org)

I highly doubt that microscopic genetic advances for disease treatment would do any appreciable justice to the ailments of Middle Eastern peoples, as the author zealously suggests. (project-syndicate.org)
Polygenic scores (PGSs) provide an individual level estimate of genetic risk for any given disease. (bvsalud.org)
In persons with autosomal dominant DKC and in terc-/- knockout mice, genetic anticipation (ie, increasing severity and/or earlier disease presentation with each successive generation) has been reported. (medscape.com)

indicators, health behaviors, health care utilization, health conditions, Asian Americans are among the fastest immunizations, and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) testing status among growing of all major racial or ethnic selected non-Hispanic Asian adult subgroups. (cdc.gov)

We propose that racial disparities in PTB are a cumulative biosensor of exposures that vary by race, arising from long-standing inequities. (bmj.com)
Their preferred labels include scientific racism (pre-2000), [note 1] race realism or racial realism (post-2000), [note 2] and human biodiversity or HBD (post-2010). (rationalwiki.org)
How does the current approach to considering race in medicine relate to and potentially contribute to ongoing societal narratives about racial differences and racial inequities? (ucsf.edu)

:103 Only in 1962 was the idea first proposed that human variation is continuous. (rationalwiki.org)

Differences between individuals, even closely related individuals, are the key to techniques such as genetic fingerprinting. (wikipedia.org)
When we compare pairs of species that are closely related but anatomically distinct, we often see more genetic variation within each species than between them, so much so, that we cannot reliably assign individuals to either by genetic criteria alone ( see older post ). (blogspot.com)

Although CA-125 in epithelial ovarian cancers, which varies extensively depending on racial and genetic differences, has been studied extensively, the effect of preoperative CA-125 levels in predicting lymph node metastases is controversial. (hindawi.com)

Genetic Evidence Causally Linking Pancreas Fat to Pancreatic Cancer: A Mendelian Randomization Study medRxiv. (usc.edu)

Genetic or epigenetic mechanisms may contribute to these variations. (bvsalud.org)

Drug development based on pharmacogenomics has the potential to result in medications that have predictable responses in ethnic or racial patient subpopulations and can be targeted to accommodate individual genetic variation. (racgp.org.au)

Further studies currently being conducted by these researchers are investigating how characteristics related to the racists and the target of prejudice increases or decreases emotional, behavioral, and physiological reactions to racial slurs. (sciencedaily.com)

8 Others have used twin and kinship studies to analyse the genetic versus the environmental contributions to PTB. (bmj.com)
However, conflicting findings are common among genetic association studies. (cdc.gov)

Yes, It is highly unlikely for two white people to have a black baby due to genetic variations associated with darker pigmentation. (realdetroitweekly.com)
One of the ways that people may stem the tide of negative emotions related to witnessing a racial slur is to re-construe the comment as a joke or as a harmless remark. (sciencedaily.com)

The results showed that African American women with the highest levels of vitamin D also had a specific genetic variation in the receptor for vitamin D. The team noted that although this variation was also present in European Americans, it was not associated with alteration in their levels of vitamin D. (nutraingredients.com)

The majority of variation exists within the members of each human population. (wikipedia.org)

Anatomy8

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