Pulmonary lung diseases obstructive. Medical search. Frequent questions

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is thought to result from an accelerated decline in forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) over time. (nih.gov)
Chronic obstructive lung disease (COPD) is a common and disabling lung disease for which there are few therapeutic options. (nih.gov)
We reasoned that gene expression profiling of COPD lungs could reveal previously unidentified disease pathways. (nih.gov)
Apparent increased female susceptibility to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) suggests sex hormones modulate disease pathogenesis. (populationmedicine.org)
Previous studies have shown an increased number of inflammatory cells and, in particular, CD8 + ve cells in the airways of smokers with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). (atsjournals.org)
We examined surgical specimens from three groups of subjects undergoing lung resection for localized pulmonary lesions: nonsmokers (n = 8), asymptomatic smokers with normal lung function (n = 6), and smokers with COPD (n = 10). (atsjournals.org)
These results show that an inflammatory process similar to that present in the conducting airways is also present in lung parenchyma and pulmonary arteries of smokers with COPD. (atsjournals.org)
Indeed, inflammatory cells might cause structural changes in pulmonary arteries of smokers ( 16-18 ) and contribute to the development of pulmonary hypertension present in severe COPD ( 19 , 20 ). (atsjournals.org)
In the United States, about 16 million people have chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). (msdmanuals.com)
COPD leads to a persistent decrease in the rate of airflow from the lungs when the person breathes out (exhales), which is called chronic airflow obstruction. (msdmanuals.com)
COPD includes the diagnoses of chronic obstructive bronchitis and emphysema. (msdmanuals.com)
In some cases, the distinction between chronic obstructive bronchitis and chronic asthmatic bronchitis is unclear, and then the condition may be referred to as asthma COPD overlap. (msdmanuals.com)
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is one of the most common pulmonary diseases. (researchsquare.com)
There is evidence to suggest that dysbiosis of pulmonary microbiota participates in COPD development. (researchsquare.com)
YS improved animal behaviors, prevented declines in pulmonary ventilatory function and lung injury in a rat model of COPD. (researchsquare.com)
Regulation of the pulmonary inflammatory microenvironment to remove the pathological products produced by the inflammatory response might reduce the level of inflammation, restoring the balance of the lung microenvironment and delaying the development of COPD [2] . (researchsquare.com)
Lung microbiota dysbiosis is related to inflammation, pathological airway alterations, immune responses, and the aggravation of clinical symptoms in patients with COPD [6] . (researchsquare.com)
Pathogens stimulate inflammatory cells to produce inflammatory media that often destroy the immune function of the airway and mucosa, leading to chronic inflammation and lung microbiota dysbiosis, further aggravating COPD [7] . (researchsquare.com)
How does the lung microbiota dysbiosis in COPD patients, and how do these changes affect disease development? (researchsquare.com)
Yifei Sanjie Formula (YS), a traditional Chinese medicine, comprises eight medicinal herbs and has been shown to possess extensive pharmacological effects against COPD, including reduction of lung injury, inflammatory responses, and pulmonary fibrosis in a COPD animal model. (researchsquare.com)
Therefore, we determined whether the regulation of lung microbiota by YS would alleviate lung injury, ventilatory function, inflammatory reactions, and collagen deposition in a rat model of COPD. (researchsquare.com)
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is the name for a group of lung conditions where it's difficult to breathe air out of the lungs. (asthmaandlung.org.uk)
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a group of lung conditions affecting your breathing. (asthmaandlung.org.uk)
Some people with COPD have mild lung damage and few symptoms. (asthmaandlung.org.uk)
Others have very damaged lungs and can be especially limited by breathlessness - these people would be considered to have a severe case of COPD. (asthmaandlung.org.uk)
Along with emphysema, chronic bronchitis is one of the main conditions of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). (asthmaandlung.org.uk)
Emphysema is a type of lung damage that can happen with COPD. (asthmaandlung.org.uk)
The spectrum of lung muco-obstructive diseases that affect the airways, includes chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), Asthma, cystic fibrosis, primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD), and non-cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis (NCFB), These diseases have the clinical features of cough, concentrated and thick sputum production, and episodic exacerbations that are often associated with a diagnosis of chronic bronchitis. (splisense.com)
MUC5 AC concentrations are significantly and abnormally raised in muco-obstructive diseases like COPD, Asthma, sub type of primary ciliary dyskinesia, and non-cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis - MUC5AC levels are consistent with its in the pathogenesis and lung function decline in muco-obstructive diseases. (splisense.com)
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a common lung disease. (medlineplus.gov)
The best test for COPD is a lung function test called spirometry . (medlineplus.gov)
But sometimes, the lungs sound normal, even when a person has COPD. (medlineplus.gov)
With an x-ray, the lungs may look normal, even when a person has COPD. (medlineplus.gov)
Pulmonary rehabilitation does not cure COPD. (medlineplus.gov)
You can do things every day to keep COPD from getting worse, protect your lungs, and stay healthy. (medlineplus.gov)
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is estimated to affect 32 million persons in the United States and is the fourth leading cause of death in this country. (medscape.com)
Most of the time COPD is secondary to tobacco abuse, although cystic fibrosis, alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency, bronchiectasis, and some rare forms of bullous lung diseases may be causes as well. (medscape.com)
Patients with COPD are susceptible to many insults that can lead rapidly to an acute deterioration superimposed on chronic disease. (medscape.com)
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a mixture of three separate disease processes that together form the complete clinical and pathophysiological picture. (medscape.com)
The molecular basis for the lung inflammation seen in COPD is still an area of great research and debate, with the potential roles of cytokines, complex autoimmune processes, and immune modulation from chronic infection all under investigation. (medscape.com)
COPD makes it difficult to move air in and out of the lungs. (mednhealth.com)
COPD is caused by damage to the lungs. (mednhealth.com)
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a potentially preventable and treatable disease characterized by progressive airway disorders. (rsu.lv)
Lung tissue in COPD patients is characterized by variable and various localized changes with chronic inflammation and tissue remodeling including inflammatory cell infiltration, granulation tissue, thickened basement membrane, bronchial gland and smooth muscle hypeplasia and hypertrophy, also thickened vascular fibrosis, moreover, fibrosis and epithelial metaplasia. (rsu.lv)
In the case of COPD, aging is associated with the worsening of the disease, as well as persistence and altered remodeling of inflammatory cytokines otherwise characteristic of COPD. (rsu.lv)
The National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute's COPD Learn More Breathe Better external icon program provides information for people who are at risk for COPD, those who have been diagnosed with COPD, and health care providers. (cdc.gov)
Pulmonary rehabilitation is a personalized treatment program that teaches you how to manage your COPD symptoms to improve your quality of life. (cdc.gov)
Oral taxa are often found in the chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) lung microbiota, but it is not clear if this is due to a physiologic process such as aspiration or experimental contamination at the time of specimen collection. (biomedcentral.com)
Microbiota samples were obtained from nine subjects with mild or moderate COPD by swabbing lung tissue and upper airway sites during lung lobectomy. (biomedcentral.com)
This is the first study to evaluate the mild-moderate COPD lung tissue microbiota without potential for upper airway contamination of the lung samples. (biomedcentral.com)
In our small study of subjects with COPD, we found oral and nasal bacteria in the lung tissue microbiota, confirming that aspiration is a source of the COPD lung microbiota. (biomedcentral.com)
Our analysis of BAL fluid from 22 patients with moderate or severe COPD and 10 healthy patients identified a greater proportion of oral bacteria (such as Desulfobulbus , Abiotrophia , and Selenomonas ) in the COPD microbiota than in the healthy lung microbiota. (biomedcentral.com)
Accordingly, COPD patients likely both aspirate more frequently than healthy patients and fail to clear the aspirate, thereby exposing their lungs to more oral bacteria. (biomedcentral.com)
DNA methylation patterns in chronic pulmonary obstructive disease (COPD) might offer new insights into disease pathogenesis. (scilifelab.se)
Almost half of DMPs were colocated with SNPs identified in previous genome-wide association studies of COPD, suggesting joint genetic and epigenetic pathways related to disease. (scilifelab.se)
However, this is not always the case for the 16.4 million Americans living with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD). (huntingtonhillscenter.com)
When a person is diagnosed with COPD, the airways in the lungs become inflamed and the tissue in the lungs is destroyed, preventing the exchange of oxygen. (huntingtonhillscenter.com)
If diagnosed with COPD, it is important to be aware of additional health risks including respiratory infections such as pneumonia, heart problems, lung cancer, pulmonary hypertension (high blood pressure in the arteries) and depression. (huntingtonhillscenter.com)
Your healthcare provider may also recommend outpatient pulmonary rehabilitation coupled with attending a support group for COPD. (huntingtonhillscenter.com)
Lung diseases such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) asthma and lung infections are significant reasons of morbidity and mortality among HIV-infected individuals Etomoxir even within the era of antiretroviral therapy (ART). (biongenex.com)
HIV-infected individuals exhibit a significantly higher incidence and early onset of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) chronic bronchitis asthma and lung infections [4-6]. (biongenex.com)
For example it was reported that 23% of relatively young (mean age 34 years) HIV-infected smokers without a history of pulmonary infections Etomoxir developed COPD/emphysema as recognized by computer tomography check out and lung function screening compared to only 2% of control subjects matched for age and smoking history [4]. (biongenex.com)
Airway mucus overproduction is definitely a common characteristic of lung diseases such as chronic bronchitis COPD and asthma. (biongenex.com)
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease ( COPD ) is a disease associated with ageing. (bvsalud.org)
This research aimed to analyse the relationship between PhenoAgeAccel and lung function and COPD . (bvsalud.org)
Linear and logistic regression were used to investigate the relationship between PhenoAgeAccel, lung function and COPD . (bvsalud.org)
Our study found that accelerated ageing is associated with the development of COPD and impaired lung function. (bvsalud.org)
Background: It has been hypothesized that a disturbed early lung development underlies the susceptibility to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). (maastrichtuniversity.nl)
Little is known about whether subjects genetically predisposed to COPD show their first symptoms or reduced lung function in childhood. (maastrichtuniversity.nl)
Objective: We investigated whether replicated genes for COPD associate with transient early wheeze (TEW) and lung function levels in 6-to 8-year-old children and whether cigarette smoke exposure in utero and after birth (environmental tobacco smoke [ETS]) modifies these effects. (maastrichtuniversity.nl)
Conclusion: Our findings indicate relevant involvement of at least 3 COPD genes in lung development and lung growth by demonstrating associations pointing toward reduced airway caliber in early childhood. (maastrichtuniversity.nl)
Furthermore, our results suggest that COPD genes are involved in the infant's lung response to smoke exposure in utero and in early life. (maastrichtuniversity.nl)
OBJECTIVE: Genetic variations are most likely an additional risk factor besides tobacco smoking per se for the risk of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). (ku.dk)
In this study, we compared genetic variants influencing the effect of smoking on COPD, that is, the effect of the well-known splicing defect polymorphism, CYP3A5*3 (rs776746), identified before genome-wide association studies, with the genome-wide association studies identified CHRNA3 (rs1051730) polymorphism on the risk of decreased lung function and COPD. (ku.dk)
Endpoints were lung function and COPD. (ku.dk)
CONCLUSION: The CHRNA3 genotype is associated with decreased lung function and risk of COPD among ever-smokers, whereas this was not the case for CYP3A5*3. (ku.dk)
Many people with chronic bronchitis also have chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). (wikipedia.org)
When chronic bronchitis occurs together with decreased airflow it is known as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). (wikipedia.org)
Outstanding candidates with training in biomedical science, microbiology, or a related field are encouraged to apply for a fully funded Ph.D. scholarship at the University of Technology Sydney's Centre for Inflammation to study the role of the gut-lung axis in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) under Prof. Phil Hansbro. (enpue.com)
Throughout their Ph.D. program, candidates will study the pathology of COPD and how the microbiome may contribute to the onset of this common and severe lung disease. (enpue.com)
This project's ultimate goal is to clarify the function of the gut-lung axis in COPD and evaluate cutting-edge therapeutics for the condition that includes modifying the gut-lung axis. (enpue.com)
Effective therapies are desperately needed since lung illnesses and COPD are such serious clinical problems. (enpue.com)
Asthma and COPD are both associated with gut disorders that cause inflammation in the lungs and vice versa. (enpue.com)
This project will combine their expertise to further their ground-breaking research on the gut-lung axis (GLA), which aims to therapeutically alter gut immunity and microbiomes to treat COPD. (enpue.com)
However, if COPD is suspected to be severe or unstable (an acute exacerbation being known as a COPD "lung attack"), medical clearance should be obtained. (cdho.org)
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) affects 400 million people worldwide and is a leading cause of death. (ox.ac.uk)
Unfortunately, there has been little improvement in outcomes for patients with COPD over the last two decades, in part because we currently lack the ability to diagnosis the condition early, before irreversible damage has occurred in the lungs. (ox.ac.uk)
Across several patient groups, including those with asthma, COPD and cystic fibrosis, this is showing promise as a highly-sensitive marker of early lung disease. (ox.ac.uk)
Our aim is to develop a test for early COPD, which will allow therapeutic intervention prior to the development of irreversible lung disease. (ox.ac.uk)
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a progressive condition that affects breathing. (medicalnewstoday.com)
COPD causes problems with the lungs and airways that worsen over time. (medicalnewstoday.com)
COPD results from long-term exposure to lung irritants, such as tobacco smoke. (medicalnewstoday.com)
Because COPD symptoms may worsen over time, people with COPD will require lifelong treatment to manage symptoms, slow disease progression, and improve their quality of life. (medicalnewstoday.com)
The American Lung Association states that exposure to irritants that damage the lungs and airways can lead to COPD. (medicalnewstoday.com)
Risk factors for COPD might include living or working in environments that increase exposure to irritants or a biological vulnerability to damage to the lungs or airways. (medicalnewstoday.com)
Additionally, the NHLBI suggests reducing exposure to other lung irritants that can contribute to COPD. (medicalnewstoday.com)
People who develop COPD may follow these steps to prevent complications or slow disease progression. (medicalnewstoday.com)
Some people with COPD could be eligible for surgery to remove some or all of a damaged lung in more severe cases. (medicalnewstoday.com)
There are various breathing techniques that can help manage chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). (medicalnewstoday.com)
Pulmonary rehab" refers to a program designed to help people with breathing problems due to COPD. (medicalnewstoday.com)
It is not possible to reverse the damage that COPD causes, but pulmonary rehab can help the lungs work better and improve a person's quality of life and sense of well-being. (medicalnewstoday.com)
When a person has COPD, stale air can collect in the lungs. (medicalnewstoday.com)
Breathing exercises and pulmonary rehab can be life-changing for many people with COPD. (medicalnewstoday.com)
How frequent is pulmonary embolism (PE) in patients with unexplained acute chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) exacerbation? (the-hospitalist.org)
Prevalence and localization of pulmonary embolism in unexplained acute exacerbations of COPD: a systematic review and meta-analysis [published online ahead of print Aug. 11, 2016]. (the-hospitalist.org)
Dr. Long Clinical question: How did GOLD revise its prior recommendations for the diagnosis and management of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)? (the-hospitalist.org)
Dr. Sundararaghavan Clinical question: Can magnesium sulfate be used as an efficacious adjunct therapy in the treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). (the-hospitalist.org)
The most common obstructive lung diseases are asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), which includes emphysema and chronic bronchitis. (cdc.gov)
Objective To investigate the association between the Alternate Healthy Eating Index 2010 (AHEI-2010)-a measure of diet quality-and the risk of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). (bmj.com)
1 In the 2010 Global Burden of Disease report, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) was the third most common cause of death worldwide. (bmj.com)
Diet is one of such factor, but prospective data on the association between diet and the risk of COPD remain scarce, 3 compared with the extensive literature on cardiovascular diseases or cancer. (bmj.com)
Studies report high in-hospital and post-discharge mortality of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) exacerbations varying depending upon patient characteristics, hospital resources and treatment standards. (ersjournals.com)
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) exacerbation is common, and is associated with high in-hospital and post-discharge mortality, reported in the literature as varying from 2.5% to 30% depending upon subject characteristics and the setting of the investigation [ 1 - 6 ]. (ersjournals.com)
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is a group of lung diseases, including emphysema and chronic bronchitis. (bidmc.org)
Our COPD and Emphysema Clinic provides the latest treatment options for patients with advanced chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). (bidmc.org)
BIDMC is the first hospital in Boston to offer two new minimally invasive procedures - endoscopic lung volume reduction coils and endobronchial valves - that do not require a major operation and hold great promise for patients with COPD/emphysema. (bidmc.org)
We offer a comprehensive physical therapy program for people with COPD and other lung diseases whose daily activities are limited because of shortness of breath. (bidmc.org)
Researchers in Finland are reporting identification of the first potential "biomarker" that could be used in development of a sputum test for early detection of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). (sciencedaily.com)
Vuokko L. Kinnula and colleagues point out that no disease marker for COPD currently exists, despite extensive efforts by scientists to find one. (sciencedaily.com)
The scientists compared levels of a variety of proteins obtained from the lung tissues of healthy individuals, patients with COPD, and those with pulmonary fibrosis. (sciencedaily.com)
They found that the lungs of COPD patients contained elevated levels of SP-A. The scientists also found elevated levels of SP-A in the sputum samples of COPD patients. (sciencedaily.com)
Mar. 10, 2023 One in 10 adults suffer from the debilitating effects of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). (sciencedaily.com)
Quick-relief medicines for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) work quickly to help you breathe better. (medlineplus.gov)
Health Care Guideline: Diagnosis and Management of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD). (medlineplus.gov)
I co-ordinate the Respiratory Medicine short course given to medical students in their 3rd year which provides a comprehensive overview of both clinical a research topics of relevance to asthma, COPD, lung cancer, IPF and infection. (nottingham.ac.uk)
COPD is a composite term encompassing several diseases including chronic bronchitis and emphysema. (nottingham.ac.uk)
Asthma and COPD are complex diseases involving both genetic and environmental factors resulting in disease expression. (nottingham.ac.uk)
There have been significant advances in the genetic epidemiology of lung function, but the causal genetic variants and causal genes, and the mechanisms by which they influence lung function, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and other respiratory diseases remain incompletely understood. (nottingham.ac.uk)
Spiriva is a prescription drug that helps ease breathing difficulties caused by chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) or asthma . (healthline.com)
For chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in adults, the recommended daily dose of Spiriva Respimat is 5 mcg. (healthline.com)
The maximum dose of Spiriva Respimat for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is 5 micrograms (mcg) per day. (healthline.com)
Increasing evidence indicates that chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a complex disease involving more than airflow obstruction. (ersjournals.com)
In addition, as COPD results from inflammation and/or alterations in repair mechanisms, the "spill-over" of inflammatory mediators into the circulation may result in important systemic manifestations of the disease, such as skeletal muscle wasting and cachexia. (ersjournals.com)
Comorbid diseases potentiate the morbidity of COPD, leading to increased hospitalisations, mortality and healthcare costs. (ersjournals.com)
Current therapies for comorbid diseases, such as statins and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-agonists, may provide unexpected benefits for COPD patients. (ersjournals.com)
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is primarily characterised by the presence of airflow limitation resulting from airways inflammation and remodelling often associated with parenchymal destruction and the development of emphysema. (ersjournals.com)
For many, they are the result of a systemic "spill-over" of the inflammatory and reparatory events occurring in the lungs of patients with COPD, with the disease remaining at the centre of the process (fig. 1 ⇓ ), whereas for others the pulmonary manifestations of COPD are one more form of expression of a "systemic" inflammatory state with multiple organ compromise 3 , 4 . (ersjournals.com)
Systemic effects and comorbidities of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). (ersjournals.com)
It is estimated about 16 million adults in the United States have COPD , and it is the sixth leading cause of death in the U.S. according to the Centers for Disease Control (CDC). (medicinenet.com)
Infectious diseases that destroy lung tissue in patients with hyperactive airways or asthma also may contribute to COPD. (medicinenet.com)
There is a genetic factor called alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency that places a small percentage (less than 1%) of people at higher risk for COPD (and emphysema) because of a protective factor (alpha-1 antitrypsin protein) for lung tissue elasticity is decreased or absent. (medicinenet.com)
What other diseases or conditions contribute to COPD? (medicinenet.com)

We hypothesized that multiparity is associated with lung function and measures of emphysema and airway disease. (populationmedicine.org)
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is persistent narrowing (blocking, or obstruction) of the airways occurring with emphysema, chronic obstructive bronchitis, or both disorders. (msdmanuals.com)
Emphysema is defined as widespread and irreversible destruction of the alveolar walls (the cells that support the air sacs, or alveoli, that make up the lungs) and enlargement of many of the alveoli. (msdmanuals.com)
Lung volume reduction (LVR) procedures are treatments that can help some people with emphysema. (asthmaandlung.org.uk)
These irritants cause emphysema, a condition in which there is damage to the air sacs of the lungs that support breathing. (medicalnewstoday.com)
Emphysema harms the air sacs and makes the lungs over-inflated. (bidmc.org)
1) chronic bronchitis , 2) emphysema, and 3) infectious diseases of the lung. (medicinenet.com)
Chronic bronchitis and emphysema are thought to be variations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and are considered part of the progression of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease by many researchers. (medicinenet.com)
Emphysema is an abnormal and permanent enlargement of the air spaces (alveoli) located at the end of the terminal bronchioles in the lungs. (medicinenet.com)

Asthma and Lung UK is a company limited by guarantee 01863614 (England and Wales). (asthmaandlung.org.uk)
Problem-based learning sessions will focus on interstitial lung disease (ILD), non-resolving pneumonia, biologics in asthma, advanced positive-pressure therapies and non-invasive ventilation, lung-cancer screening do's and don'ts, how to manage a crashing patient in the ICU, and how to use cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) to solve difficult cases. (medscape.com)
Glutathione S-transferases and their implications in the lung diseases asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: Early life susceptibility? (rug.nl)
The aim of this review is to examine the current literature for the most recent updates on health effects of specific air pollutants and their impact on asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, lung cancer, and respiratory infection. (cdc.gov)
Asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, lung cancer, and respiratory infections all seem to be exacerbated because of exposure to a variety of environmental air pollutants with the greatest effects because of particulate matter, ozone, and nitrogen oxides. (cdc.gov)
Asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. (medlineplus.gov)
Molecular, genetic and cellular mechanisms underlying Asthma & Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. (nottingham.ac.uk)
Individuals with chronic respiratory disease (e.g., chronic obstructive pulmonary disorder, asthma) may experience difficulty breathing. (cdc.gov)
People with asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, or heart failure may experience worsening of their conditions and have difficulty breathing. (cdc.gov)

Morphologic studies examining the inflammatory process in pulmonary arteries are also lacking, even though involvement of these vessels can be hypothesized because of the anatomic contiguity of airways and pulmonary arteries and the possible spreading of the inflammatory process from the bronchiolar wall ( 2 , 8-15 ) to the adjacent vessel. (atsjournals.org)
The small airways (bronchioles) of the lungs contain smooth muscles and are normally held open by their attachments to alveolar walls. (msdmanuals.com)
In chronic bronchitis, the glands lining the larger airways (bronchi) of the lungs enlarge and increase their secretion of mucus. (msdmanuals.com)
Eventually, the small airways in the lung become narrowed and destroyed. (msdmanuals.com)
Infiltration of the airways with substances such as polynuclear and mononuclear phagocytes and CD4 T cells increases with each stage of disease progression. (medscape.com)
This may be a result of a loss of elastic recoil due to lung tissue destruction or an increase in the resistance of the conducting airways. (medscape.com)
Streptococcus was the most common genus in the oral, bronchial, and lung tissue samples, and multiple other taxa were present in both the upper and lower airways. (biomedcentral.com)
Bronchitis is inflammation of the bronchi (large and medium-sized airways) in the lungs that causes coughing. (wikipedia.org)
Many of the chemicals in tobacco smoke can damage the lungs and airways and increase the risk of respiratory infections. (medicalnewstoday.com)
Damage to the lung tissue over time causes physical changes in the tissues of the lungs and clogging of the airways with thick mucus. (medicinenet.com)
The purpose of this chapter is to provide a better understanding of the anatomy of the airways and lungs, which will help the health provider to recognize and manage different respiratory abnormalities. (medscape.com)

To the best of our knowledge, there are only a few morphologic studies examining the inflammatory process in the lung parenchyma of smokers ( 3 , 4 ), despite the fact that an inflammation in the alveolar spaces has been shown by several studies performed on bronchoalveolar lavage ( 5-7 ). (atsjournals.org)
Inflammation of the bronchioles develops and causes smooth muscles in lung tissue to contract (spasm), further obstructing airflow. (msdmanuals.com)
In the present study, the efficacy of YS was evaluated by analyzing its effects on the severity of pulmonary pathological damage, pulmonary function, pro-inflammation cytokines, the activation of NLRP3/caspase-1/IL-1β signaling pathway, and changes of lung microbiota. (researchsquare.com)
Nod-like receptor protein 3(NLRP3) is a potent inducer of inflammation that, when overactive, may be targeted therapeutically in inflammatory lung diseases [3] . (researchsquare.com)
Inflammation and secretions provide the obstructive component of chronic bronchitis. (medscape.com)
Ontogenesis dependent changes, including in terms of aging, within the lungs of relatively healthy individuals are associated with mild inflammation, aging of immune system cells and disorder of immune system regulation. (rsu.lv)
Age changes in the relatively healthy lungs are individual, even different for individuals in different age groups, as well as mostly characterized by a lack to maintain inflammation, also, reduced number of immune cells are found. (rsu.lv)
Acute bronchitis, also known as a chest cold, is short term inflammation of the bronchi of the lungs. (wikipedia.org)
Although local and systemic inflammation are the main causes, the lung is the main area of study. (enpue.com)
Past research pointed to a prime candidate - surfactant protein A (SP-A), which has a major role in fighting infections and inflammation in the lung. (sciencedaily.com)
Studies in lab animals suggest that although breathing amorphous can cause lung inflammation and injury, it is less hazardous than crystalline silica. (cdc.gov)
Since 2008, he is an assistant professor for epithelial barrier diseases within the DFG Excellence Cluster "Inflammation at Interfaces" . (constantcontact.com)
Peripheral lung inflammation may cause a "spill-over" of cytokines, such as interlukin (IL)-6, IL-1β and tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α, into the systemic circulation, which may increase acute-phase proteins such as C-reactive protein (CRP). (ersjournals.com)

This was a record-breaking year for submissions, with almost 1500 original investigations, and almost 4000 submissions if you include case reports and so forth," said Guy W. Soo Hoo, MD, chair of the CHEST 2023 Scientific Presentations and Awards committee, and chief of pulmonary, critical care, and sleep medicine at VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare in California. (medscape.com)
Global strategy for the diagnosis, management, and prevention of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: 2023 report. (medlineplus.gov)

Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a genetic disease that can be detected in newborn infants (i.e., those aged less than or equal to 1 month) by immunotrypsinogen testing. (cdc.gov)

In this study we investigated whether a similar inflammatory process is also present in the lungs, and particularly in lung parenchyma and pulmonary arteries. (atsjournals.org)
Alveolar walls and pulmonary arteries were examined with immunohistochemical methods to identify neutrophils, eosinophils, mast cells, macrophages, and CD4 + ve and CD8 + ve cells. (atsjournals.org)
The number of CD8 + ve cells in both lung parenchyma and pulmonary arteries was significantly correlated with the degree of airflow limitation in smokers. (atsjournals.org)
Whether, in these patients, a similar inflammatory infiltrate is also present in lung parenchyma and pulmonary arteries still remains to be investigated. (atsjournals.org)
The largest pulmonary arteries have small yellow atherosclerotic plaques in pulmonary arterial hypertension. (medscape.com)
Thirty-two percent were subsegmental, 35% affected one of the main pulmonary arteries, and 32% were located in the lobar and interlobar arteries. (the-hospitalist.org)
These arteries (except the thyroid artery) form a peribronchial plexus that follows the bronchial tree deep into the lung parenchyma to supply blood also to the visceral pleura and the walls of the pulmonary arteries and veins (vasa vasorum). (medscape.com)

Idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension (IPAH) is a rare disease characterized by elevated pulmonary artery pressure with no apparent cause. (medscape.com)
IPAH is also termed WHO Group I pulmonary hypertension (PH), precapillary pulmonary hypertension, and, previously, primary pulmonary hypertension. (medscape.com)
In approximately a third of patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH), Doppler echocardiography demonstrates right-to-left shunting across a patent foramen ovale. (medscape.com)
Chest radiography: A chest radiograph may help identify secondary causes of, or contributors to, pulmonary hypertension. (medscape.com)
Equally important, the echocardiogram helps to exclude secondary causes of, or contributors to, pulmonary hypertension, such as left-sided heart disease (eg, left ventricular dysfunction, valvular heart disease). (medscape.com)
Nuclear lung ventilation/perfusion scanning: This is performed to exclude chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (Group IV PH). (medscape.com)

Patchy fibrosis with greater involvement of the lower lobes and subpleural regions is readily apparent in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. (medscape.com)
Fibrosis and diffuse interstitial lung disease. (who.int)

CEMET , a microbiome company started by three researchers and a renowned laboratory in Tübingen, is currently working on creating one of the world's largest microbiome reference databases to better understand the influence of gut bacteria in cancer, Alzheimer's disease, and diabetes. (constantcontact.com)
Importantly, the presence of airflow limitation greatly increases the likelihood that patients may develop lung cancer over time. (ersjournals.com)
Note: Noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) considered in this Strategy refer to four main noncommunicable diseases (cardiovascular disease, cancer, diabetes and obstructive pulmonary disease), which account for more than 65% of all deaths in Seychelles, and to four main underlying risk behaviours (tobacco use, unhealthy nutrition, physical inactivity and harmful use of alcohol). (who.int)
We know, from our own studies and experience, that four main noncommunicable diseases (cardiovascular disease, cancer, diabetes and obstructive pulmonary disease) account for more than 65% of all deaths in Seychelles. (who.int)

People who have severe disease may need to take other drugs, use oxygen, have pulmonary rehabilitation, or rarely lung volume reduction surgery. (msdmanuals.com)
How can Medicare help with pulmonary rehabilitation costs? (medicalnewstoday.com)
The conference includes physicians and specialists from general pulmonology, interventional pulmonology, thoracic (chest) surgery, thoracic radiology, palliative (comfort) care, and pulmonary rehabilitation. (bidmc.org)
Should I consider pulmonary rehabilitation? (medlineplus.gov)

Forty-eight human lung samples were obtained from tissue resected from five nonsmokers, 21 GOLD (Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease) stage 0, 9 GOLD stage 1, 10 GOLD stage 2, and 3 GOLD stage 3 patients. (nih.gov)
The results provide evidence that genes involved in tissue remodeling and repair are differentially regulated in the lungs of obstructed smokers and suggest that they are potential therapeutic targets. (nih.gov)
The changes to lung tissue differ with the two diseases. (mednhealth.com)
Tissue material from the control group was obtained by autopsy from individuals of different ages who died of accidents and from diseases not affecting respiratory system, as well as from / or during lung surgery. (rsu.lv)
Each subject's own bronchial and lung tissue microbiota were more similar to each other than were the bronchial and lung tissue microbiota of two different subjects (permutation test, p = 0.0139), indicating more within-subject similarity than between-subject similarity at these two lung sites. (biomedcentral.com)
SourceTracker analysis found that the sources of the lung tissue microbiota were 21.1% (mean) oral microbiota, 8.7% nasal microbiota, and 70.1% unknown. (biomedcentral.com)
An analysis using the neutral theory of community ecology revealed that the lung tissue microbiota closely reflects the bronchial, oral, and nasal microbiota (immigration parameter estimates 0.69, 0.62, and 0.74, respectively), with some evidence of ecologic drift occurring in the lung tissue. (biomedcentral.com)
Distal lung tissue is severely damaged in many lung diseases, causing respiratory insufficiency from loss of surface area available for gas exchange. (lu.se)
Bioengineering lung tissue or bioengineering cells with biomaterials for transplantation is an exciting new approach to (re)generate tissue to close this large unmet clinical need. (lu.se)
To prioritise pathways we will undertake high-throughput functional genomic screens using CRISPR, perform lung digital spatial transcriptomic profiling and utilise informative cell and tissue models. (nottingham.ac.uk)
This will inform in-depth mechanistic assays at the cell, tissue and organ scales to identify the key mechanisms underpinning regulation of lung function in health and disease. (nottingham.ac.uk)
The tissue damage in the lungs leads to poor compliance (the elasticity, or ability of the lung tissue to expand). (medicinenet.com)
In general, three other non-genetic problems related to lung tissue play a role in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. (medicinenet.com)
Infectious diseases of the lung may damage areas of the lung tissue and contribute to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. (medicinenet.com)

Lung obstruction is characterized by blocked airflow, shortness of breath, and difficulty exhaling. (cdc.gov)
The disease can develop over a long period of time without causing shortness of breath. (bidmc.org)

This may serve as a way to find support with peers that have chronic pulmonary conditions and to also exercise your lungs! (huntingtonhillscenter.com)

In muco-obstructive diseases hyper-concentrated (dehydrated) mucus, failed mucus transport, and mucus adhesion to airway surfaces is observed. (splisense.com)
Effective coughing techniques can also help clear mucus from your lungs. (mednhealth.com)
Interestingly lung sections from HIV ± ART and simian immunodeficiency disease (SIV) ± ART have significantly more mucus and gp120-immunoreactivity than control lung sections from humans and macaques respectively. (biongenex.com)
Therefore even after ART lungs from HIV-infected individuals contain significant amounts of gp120 and mucus that may contribute to the higher incidence of obstructive pulmonary diseases in this human population. (biongenex.com)
Excessive mucus is also an excellent milieu for bacterial growth and stimulates lung infections [13]. (biongenex.com)
The decrease in elasticity of the lungs means that oxygen in the air cannot get by obstructions (for example, thick mucus plugs) to reach air spaces (alveoli) where oxygen and carbon dioxide exchange occurs in the lungs. (medicinenet.com)

The Association of Multiparity with Lung Function and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease-Related Phenotypes. (populationmedicine.org)
Little is known about associations between multiparity and lung function in smokers. (populationmedicine.org)
Diagnosis is made with chest x-rays and tests of lung function. (msdmanuals.com)
Genome-wide association analyses for lung function and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease identify new loci and potential druggable targets. (ucdenver.edu)
Relationship between an ageing measure and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, lung function: a cross-sectional study of NHANES, 2007-2010. (bvsalud.org)
elevated PhenoAgeAccel was also significantly associated with reduced lung function. (bvsalud.org)
HHIP rs1828591 interacted with cigarette smoke exposure in utero in PIAMA and with ETS in ALSPAC, with lower lung function in nonexposed children. (maastrichtuniversity.nl)
In Oxford we have over recent years developed a new technology for the non-invasive assessment of lung function, which is based upon quantification of heterogeneity ('unevenness') of gas exchange within the lung, rather than measurements of overall lung function. (ox.ac.uk)
In this project, we will test the hypothesis that our measurements of lung heterogeneity, which are made during a period of relaxed breathing through a mouthpiece, are sensitive enough to identify early lung disease in smokers in whom conventional measures of lung function are normal. (ox.ac.uk)
Respiratory health and lung function strongly predict general health status and all cause mortality. (bmj.com)
A comprehensive evaluation of potential lung function associated genes in the spirometa general population sample. (nottingham.ac.uk)
Through a collaborative interdisciplinary endeavor involving a Universities of Nottingham, Leicester and Cambridge we will accelerate discovery of genetic risk factors for lung function impairment, and define the mechanisms and biological pathways underpinning the observed associations. (nottingham.ac.uk)

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (cdc.gov)
The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) cannot attest to the accuracy of a non-federal website. (cdc.gov)
The conclusions, findings, and opinions expressed by authors contributing to this journal do not necessarily reflect the official position of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, the Public Health Service, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, or the authors' affiliated institutions. (cdc.gov)
I'm Commander Ibad Khan and I'm representing the Clinician Outreach and Communication Activity, COCA with the Emergency Risk Communication Branch at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (cdc.gov)

A link between other adverse health effects, such as acute idiopathic pulmonary hemorrhage among infants , memory loss, or lethargy, and molds, including the mold Stachybotrys chartarum has not been proven. (cdc.gov)

Although rare, pulmonary embolism, infections, or neoplasms in the allograft may be diagnosed in this manner, which would affect the decision to use the donor lung. (medscape.com)

Disease, Diabetes, or Heart Disease? (cdc.gov)

currently, largely reflected the prevalence of tuberculosis, pneumonia, lower respiratory tract infections and opportunist lung infections in those with HIV. (who.int)
Severe disease and death may result from a complication of pneumonia. (who.int)

One form of prevention is to avoid smoking and other lung irritants. (wikipedia.org)

Lung transplantation-related pathology encompasses a spectrum of disorders that include, but are not limited to, indications for lung transplantation (seen in explanted lungs), surgical complications (airway anastomotic and vascular complications), ischemia-reperfusion injury, rejection (acute and chronic), infections, and posttransplantation lymphoproliferative disorders (PTLDs). (medscape.com)
People with immune suppression or underlying lung disease are more susceptible to fungal infections. (cdc.gov)
The highly pathogenic avian influenza is a highly contagious disease affecting wild birds and poultry with occasional infections in human. (who.int)

We aimed to provide theoretical support for the efficacy of YS in correcting lung microbiota dysbiosis (Fig. (researchsquare.com)

When chronic bronchitis involves airflow obstruction, it qualifies as chronic obstructive bronchitis. (msdmanuals.com)
Approximately 15% of U.S. adults aged 40-79 have lung obstruction, with about one-third of those having moderate or worse obstruction. (cdc.gov)
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is a slowly progressive obstruction of airflow into or out of the lungs . (medicinenet.com)

Heart disease (such as congenital heart helpful, especially if the sick person is in a group at high risk for serious disease, congestive heart failure, and coronary complications (see list in sidebar) or is very sick from flu (for example, artery disease) hospitalized from flu). (cdc.gov)

But there are many things you can do to relieve symptoms and keep the disease from getting worse. (medlineplus.gov)
Clinical features of lung transplantation-related pathology can range from an absence of symptoms to signs and symptoms of respiratory distress and/or infection and are not detailed in this article. (medscape.com)
Questions should be asked regarding exacerbating factors, frequency of signs/symptoms, and disease management. (cdho.org)
The disease typically starts with no signs or only mild symptoms. (medicalnewstoday.com)
Current therapies aim at relieving symptoms and are unable to reverse disease. (lu.se)

Cigarette smoking is the most important cause of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. (msdmanuals.com)
Cigarette smoking alters the composition of the lung microbiota [5] . (researchsquare.com)
The primary cause of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is cigarette smoking or exposure to tobacco smoke. (medicinenet.com)

while HIV-associated mortality offers decreased substantially after the intro of ART [2] lung diseases continue to remain a major cause of morbidity and mortality among HIV individuals [3]. (biongenex.com)
Recent findings: A total of 52 publications were reviewed to establish new insights as to how air pollution is associated with pulmonary morbidity and mortality. (cdc.gov)
considerable importance as a cause of death and morbidity communicable chronic respiratory and this has in the past and diseases increases with Westernization . (who.int)
3. Goal of the WHO strategy against CRDs is for Prevention and Control of to support Member States in their efforts to Chronic Respiratory Diseases reduce the toll of morbidity, disability and (CRDs)1 that was drafted after the expert consultation premature mortality related to chronic held in January 20012. (who.int)

Scientists have discovered that a disruption in the gut microbiome has implications for disease, including chronic inflammatory and metabolic diseases, as well as mental health disorders. (constantcontact.com)
The data discovered during the Tübiom-Project will be used to create a reference database that develops a clearer picture of the gut microbiome compositions within healthy people and those with different diseases. (constantcontact.com)
It is important to understand what a healthy microbiome looks like in order to identify compositions that are linked to diseases. (constantcontact.com)

Lung anatomy includes the lung parenchyma, which carries part of the conduction system but is mainly involved in the gas exchange at the alveolar level. (medscape.com)

This can make it hard for you to get enough oxygen and clear carbon dioxide from your lungs. (medlineplus.gov)

Risk factors can be anything that increases the chances of a disease occurring. (medicalnewstoday.com)
Information is lacking about the benefits and risks of genetic testing, the efficacy of early interventions, and the population distribution of genotypes and other risk factors associated with disease conditions. (cdc.gov)
The National NCD strategy is our nation's response to the increasing prevalence of noncommunicable diseases, the risk factors that lead to these conditions and the threats that they pose to the health of the Seychellois. (who.int)
Understanding these diseases, their risk factors, and the interplay of social, cultural and economic factors, is crucially important in developing approaches to tackling noncommunicable diseases. (who.int)
The strategy is not only about reducing risk factors and diseases. (who.int)

Chronic respiratory diseases remain a worldwide public health problem. (bmj.com)

The Registry of the International Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation (ISHLT) monitors and reports statistics on clinical lung transplantation. (medscape.com)
One example of this approach is the Problem-Based Learning sessions, which are limited in enrollment to a maximum of 25 participants and feature one or more faculty members with special expertise at tackling controversial or challenging clinical problems in pulmonary medicine, critical care, and sleep. (medscape.com)
Discuss the clinical manifestations and nursing management of selected disease processes and health problems. (edu.au)

YS changed the relative abundance of specific pulmonary microbiota and modulated bacterial flora in the rat model. (researchsquare.com)
How does the NLRP3 signal pathway interact with lung microbiota dysbiosis? (researchsquare.com)
The lung microbiota was nearly indistinguishable from the oral microbiota, but the authors were unable to determine if their findings resulted from aspiration vs. contamination of the bronchoscope during insertion through the mouth. (biomedcentral.com)
These studies support the hypothesis that oral bacteria found in the lung microbiota are most likely the result of aspiration of oral secretions, rather than oral contamination of the lung sample during bronchoscopy. (biomedcentral.com)
Aspiration of oral bacteria is the most likely source of the lung microbiota as the mouth and lungs are in direct continuity and the mouth is microbe-rich. (biomedcentral.com)
The gut and lungs are anatomically distinct, but potential anatomic communications and complex pathways involving their respective microbiota have reinforced the existence of a gut-lung axis (GLA). (frontiersin.org)
Compared to the better-studied gut microbiota, the lung microbiota, only considered in recent years, represents a more discreet part of the whole microbiota associated to human hosts. (frontiersin.org)
In this review, we aim to analyze how the lung and gut microbiota influence each other and may impact on respiratory diseases. (frontiersin.org)

His research interests are the molecular biology of complex inflammatory diseases and genome-wide association studies. (constantcontact.com)

Chronic and acute lung diseases are the third and fourth leading causes of global mortality. (lu.se)
However, in many patients the disease is associated with several systemic manifestations that can effectively result in impaired functional capacity, worsening dyspnoea, reduced health-related quality of life and increased mortality. (ersjournals.com)

One-way valves can be inserted with a bronchoscopy to help deflate parts of the lung that are hyperinflated (overinflated) in select patients. (medlineplus.gov)
Excluding left-sided heart disease, including diastolic dysfunction, is especially important in these patients because of major treatment implications. (medscape.com)

As the disease progresses, supplemental oxygen may also be required. (huntingtonhillscenter.com)

But it can teach you more about the disease, train you to breathe in a different way so you can stay active and feel better, and keep you functioning at the highest level possible. (medlineplus.gov)
Use pursed lip breathing when you breathe out, to empty your lungs before the next breath. (medlineplus.gov)
If you don't have a lung disease, it may be hard to imagine the struggle to breathe. (huntingtonhillscenter.com)
Breathe out all of the air in the lungs, slowly and gently, through the pursed lips. (medicalnewstoday.com)
Spirometry, a painless procedure during which you blow into a tube to measure how much air your lungs can hold, and how long it takes to breathe out. (bidmc.org)
However, most silica particles encountered by the general population in air are too big (non-respirable) to breathe into the lungs and cause problems. (cdc.gov)

The stomach and lungs interact with one another in both an infectious and immunological way. (enpue.com)
However as control of these infectious diseases is hopefully achieved they will be replaced by a growing population of those with long term respiratory conditions which in many cases reflect current lifestyle changes. (who.int)

These results suggest that the effects of YS involved lung microbes and anti-inflammatory mechanisms. (researchsquare.com)
In the former, the aims of therapy are primarily centred in the lungs whereas in the latter, the centre of therapy should be shifted to the systemic inflammatory state. (ersjournals.com)

Acute bronchitis is one of the more common diseases. (wikipedia.org)
Chronic bronchitis is a lower respiratory tract disease, defined by a productive cough that lasts for three months or more per year for at least two years. (wikipedia.org)

Introduction Prior to the arrival of anti-retroviral therapy (ART) pulmonary diseases were frequent complications of HIV illness [1]. (biongenex.com)
Egypt has been the most affected country in the EMR where the disease has remained endemic, with frequent epizootic and 167 human cases that include 60 deaths. (who.int)

Yet, the application of genetics research in the promotion of health and the prevention of disease and disability has been explored only minimally. (cdc.gov)
We are firmly convinced that a society that has managed to find the resources to treat noncommunicable diseases to the level of coverage, access and sophistication that we have attained, must undertake the prevention with no less commitment, investment and enthusiasm. (who.int)
Routine cross-notification between the veterinary and human health surveillance systems should be part of any zoonotic disease prevention and control programme, and close collaboration between the two health sectors is particularly important during epidemiological and outbreak investigations. (who.int)

and kidney disease (multiple). (nih.gov)

We know, again from our studies and from world-wide experience, that four main risk behaviours (tobacco use, unhealthy nutrition, physical inactivity and harmful use of alcohol) underlie these diseases. (who.int)
Seychelles has done much to tackle noncommunicable diseases, and our successes in, for example, reducing the use of tobacco and the rate of high blood pressure, are encouraging signs of what can be achieved. (who.int)
It is estimated that 90% of the risk of developing chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is related to smoking tobacco and secondhand smoke (tobacco smoke exhaled by a smoker and then breathed in by a non-smoker). (medicinenet.com)
People who smoke tobacco are at the highest risk of developing chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. (medicinenet.com)

In the lung tissues of the control group, we found a mild to moderate increase in the number of immunoreactive cells of all studied factors at different localizations, indicating low, persistent, continuous and adaptive "baseline" level for various factors. (rsu.lv)

Humans generally acquire the disease directly or indirectly from infected animals, or through occupational exposure to infected or contaminated animal products. (who.int)

Anatomy22

Organisms3

Diseases88

Chemicals and Drugs33

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment78

Psychiatry and Psychology4

Phenomena and Processes33

Disciplines and Occupations2

Anthropology, Education, Sociology and Social Phenomena2

Technology, Industry, Agriculture1

Humanities1

Information Science5

Named Groups2

Health Care31

Geographicals1

COPD142

Emphysema9

Asthma9

Airways11

Inflammation13

20232

Cystic1

Arteries7

Hypertension6

Fibrosis2

Cancer4

Rehabilitation4

Tissue14

Shortness of bre2

Chronic pulmonary1

Mucus6

Function12

Centers4

Idiopathic1

Embolism1

Diabetes1

Pneumonia2

Irritants1

Infections3

Correcting lung microbiota1

Obstruction3

Congestive heart f1

Symptoms5

Cigarette3

Morbidity4

Microbiome3

Alveolar1

Carbon dioxide1

Risk Factors5

Respiratory diseases remain1

Clinical3

Microbiota8

Molecular Biology1

Mortality2

Patients2

Oxygen1

Breathe6

Infectious2

Inflammatory2

Bronchitis2

Frequent2

Prevention3

Kidney1

Tobacco4

Tissues1

Occupational1