• Pectus excavatum (PE) , also known as funnel chest or trichterbrust, is by far the most common chest wall deformity, occurring in 1 of every 400 white male births. (medscape.com)
  • [ 1 ] Pectus carinatum (PC) , the next most common chest wall deformity, is five times less common than pectus excavatum. (medscape.com)
  • Pectus excavatum is a structural deformity of the anterior thoracic wall in which the sternum and rib cage are shaped abnormally. (wikipedia.org)
  • Many scales have been developed to determine the degree of deformity in the chest wall. (wikipedia.org)
  • Pectus excavatum can impair cardiac and respiratory function and cause pain in the chest and back. (wikipedia.org)
  • Pectus excavatum is initially suspected from visual examination of the anterior chest. (wikipedia.org)
  • The chest x-ray in pectus excavatum can show an opacity in the right lung area that can be mistaken for an infiltrate (such as that seen with pneumonia). (wikipedia.org)
  • Pectus excavatum, also known as sunken or funnel chest, is a congenital chest wall malformation in which several ribs and the sternum grow abnormally, producing a concave or caved-in appearance of the anterior chest wall and sternum. (medscape.com)
  • 8] The image below illustrates the before and after appearance of the chest of a 14-year-old patient treated for pectus excavatum using the minimally invasive technique. (medscape.com)
  • Before and after appearance of the chest following Nuss operation for pectus excavatum. (medscape.com)
  • Of note, obtaining a chest Haller index in a young patient (see second image below) with pectus excavatum is not necessary. (medscape.com)
  • Non contrast CT scan of the chest of a patient with pectus excavatum. (medscape.com)
  • Symptomatic patients with pectus excavatum typically experience occasional episodes of chest pain, shortness of breath with exertion, and decreased exercise tolerance. (medscape.com)
  • This produces a caved-in or sunken appearance of the chest. (wikipedia.org)
  • Some studies also suggest that the Haller index can be calculated based on chest x-ray as opposed to CT scanning in individuals who have no limitation in their function. (wikipedia.org)
  • The chest Haller index is a measurement taken from a noncontrast CT scan of the chest in which a ratio is obtained between the lateral and anterior-posterior diameter of the chest wall at the point of maximal depression of the sternum (see the first image below). (medscape.com)
  • The chest Haller index is a ratio obtained between the measurement of the lateral and anterior-posterior diameter of the chest wall at the point of maximal depression of the sternum. (medscape.com)
  • People with the condition may experience severe negative psychosocial effects and avoid activities that expose the chest. (wikipedia.org)
  • The psychosocial stress caused by the abnormal chest can be quite severe and result in a major adjustment disorder, depression, and even suicide ideation later in life. (medscape.com)
  • People may also experience chest and back pain, which is usually of musculoskeletal origin. (wikipedia.org)
  • [ 11 ] this method uses a ratio of the transverse distance to the anteroposterior distance derived from chest CT scans. (medscape.com)
  • As noted above, this is particularly important with teenagers, in whom the abnormal appearance of the chest can result in significant problems related to body image and self-esteem. (medscape.com)
  • Thus, the desire to improve the appearance of the chest is considered an appropriate medical indication for surgery. (medscape.com)
  • The appearance of the chest can be very disturbing to young teenagers. (medscape.com)
  • This produces a caved-in or sunken appearance of the chest. (wikipedia.org)
  • Pectus excavatum, also known as sunken or funnel chest, is a congenital chest-wall malformation in which several ribs and the sternum grow abnormally, producing a concave or caved-in appearance of the anterior chest wall and sternum. (medscape.com)
  • Pectus excavatum, also known as sunken or funnel chest, is a congenital chest wall deformity in which several ribs and the sternum grow abnormally, producing a concave, or caved-in, appearance in the anterior chest wall. (medscape.com)
  • Pectus excavatum is the most common type of congenital chest wall abnormality (90%), followed by pectus carinatum (5-7%), cleft sternum, pentalogy of Cantrell, asphyxiating thoracic dystrophy, and spondylothoracic dysplasia. (medscape.com)
  • Appearance of chest before (above) and after (below) Nuss operation for pectus excavatum. (medscape.com)
  • Noncontrast chest CT scan of patient with pectus excavatum. (medscape.com)
  • Of note, obtaining a chest Haller index in a young patient (see the image below) with pectus excavatum is not necessary. (medscape.com)
  • Symptomatic patients with pectus excavatum typically experience occasional episodes of chest pain, shortness of breath with exertion, and decreased exercise tolerance. (medscape.com)
  • In pectus excavatum, the growth of bone and cartilage in the anterior chest wall is abnormal, typically affecting 4-5 ribs on each side of the sternum. (medscape.com)
  • Pectus excavatum comprises approximately 90% of all chest wall deformities. (medscape.com)
  • Pectus excavatum can impair cardiac and respiratory function and cause pain in the chest and back. (wikipedia.org)
  • Pectus excavatum is initially suspected from visual examination of the anterior chest. (wikipedia.org)
  • The chest x-ray in pectus excavatum can show an opacity in the right lung area that can be mistaken for an infiltrate (such as that seen with pneumonia). (wikipedia.org)
  • The chest Haller index is a measurement taken from a noncontrast computed tomography (CT) scan of the chest in which a ratio is obtained between the lateral and the anterior-posterior diameter of the chest wall at the point of maximal depression of the sternum (see the image below). (medscape.com)
  • Chest Haller index is ratio of lateral (transverse) diameter of chest wall to anteroposterior diameter at point of maximal depression of sternum. (medscape.com)
  • Results demonstrate that menopause is a transition point for developing CVD not due to physiological changes only but psychosocial factors like depression and marital stress are also responsible. (preprints.org)