Proton cell membrane. Medical search. Frequent questions

A proton exchange membrane fuel cell transforms the chemical energy liberated during the electrochemical reaction of hydrogen and oxygen to electrical energy, as opposed to the direct combustion of hydrogen and oxygen gases to produce thermal energy. (wikipedia.org)
Large-scale commercialization of proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) technology has been hindered by issues of reliability, durability, and cost, which are all related to the degradation of fuel cell performance. (taylorfrancis.com)
Hierarchical nanostructured erythrocyte -like hollow carbon ( EHC ) with a hollow hemispherical macroporous core of ca. 230 nm in diameter and 30-40 nm thick mesoporous shell was synthesized and explored as a cathode catalyst support in a proton exchange membrane fuel cell ( PEMFC ). (rsc.org)
This Standard specifies the requirements, test equipment, test methods, inspection rules and marking, packaging, transportation and storage, etc. for proton exchange membrane fuel cell modules for road vehicles. (google.com)
This Standard applies to proton exchange membrane fuel cell modules for road vehicles (hereinafter referred to as modules). (google.com)
Current distributions in a proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) with interdigitated and serpentine flow fields under various operating conditions are measured and compared. (psu.edu)
In the present work, the effect of operating a high temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cell (HT-PEMFC) with different reactant gases has been investigated throughout performance tests. (metu.edu.tr)
Measurement of heat fluxes and electrodes temperature in a proton exchange membrane fuel cell were performed using platinum wires and heat flux sensors. (mechanics-industry.org)
The flow field design is critical for the proton exchange membrane fuel cell optimization, and a novel cathode matrix flow field is experimentally investigated in this work. (espublisher.com)
This paper deals with dynamics characterization of Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell (PEMFC) in Wienerstructure. (poliupg.ac.id)
Bosson Research's latest report provides a deep insight into the global Automotive Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell market covering all its essential aspects. (rnrmarketresearch.com)
The report structure also focuses on the competitive landscape of the Global Automotive Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell Market, this report introduces in detail the market share, market performance, product situation, operation situation, etc. of the main players, which helps the readers in the industry to identify the main competitors and deeply understand the competition pattern of the market. (rnrmarketresearch.com)
In a word, this report is a must-read for industry players, investors, researchers, consultants, business strategists, and all those who have any kind of stake or are planning to foray into the Automotive Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell market in any manner. (rnrmarketresearch.com)
The global market size of Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell (PEMFC) is $XX million in 2018 with XX CAGR from 2014 to 2018, and it is expected to reach $XX million by the end of 2025 with a CAGR of XX% from 2019 to 2025. (stratagemmarketinsights.com)
The global proton exchange membrane fuel cell market focuses on six regions, such as North America, Europe, South America, Asia Pacific, the Middle East, and Africa. (stratagemmarketinsights.com)
Government initiatives for the development of fuel cell infrastructure, such as hydrogen refueling stations, are expected to drive growth of the global proton exchange membrane fuel cell market during the forecast period. (stratagemmarketinsights.com)
Moreover, growing investments in research and development activities of fuel cell technology are expected to propel the global proton exchange membrane fuel cell market growth. (stratagemmarketinsights.com)
Lack of fuel cell infrastructure in emerging economies is expected to hamper growth of the global proton exchange membrane fuel cell market. (stratagemmarketinsights.com)
Increasing demand for fuel cell vehicles is expected to create significant growth opportunities in the global proton exchange membrane fuel cell market. (stratagemmarketinsights.com)
Europe is expected to register robust growth in the global proton exchange membrane fuel cell market due to rising government initiatives for the development of fuel cell infrastructure in this region. (stratagemmarketinsights.com)
Asia Pacific is also expected to witness lucrative growth in the global proton exchange membrane fuel cell market due to the presence of major fuel cell electric vehicle manufacturers (such as Nissan, Toyota, and Hyundai) in this region. (stratagemmarketinsights.com)
Global Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell (PEMFC) Market Report 2019 - Market Size, Share, Price, Trend and Forecast is a professional and in-depth study on the current state of the global Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell (PEMFC) industry. (stratagemmarketinsights.com)
1.The report provides key statistics on the market status of the Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell (PEMFC) manufacturers and is a valuable source of guidance and direction for companies and individuals interested in the industry. (stratagemmarketinsights.com)
Transient experimental validation and investigation of the effect of diffusivity of porous layers on the dynamic water vapor partial pressure profiles of a proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) during load change is presented. (uky.edu)
Akhtar, N & Kerkhof, PJAM 2010, ' Dynamic behaviour of liquid water transport in tapered channels of a proton exchange membrane fuel cell ', Netherlands Process Technology Meeting (NPS-10) Veldhoven, The Netherlands, October 25-27 2010. (tue.nl)
Among the different coatings developed for proton exchange membrane fuel cell steel bipolar plate, nitride-based coatings present several advantages compared to gold or polymeric coating: high chemical stability, low interfacial contact resistance and reasonable cost. (unamur.be)
Diagnosis of stack performance is of importance to proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) research. (astrj.com)
Proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) has been considered as one of the most promising energy conversion devices for the future in automotive applications. (uwaterloo.ca)

Proton-exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFC), also known as polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) fuel cells, are a type of fuel cell being developed mainly for transport applications, as well as for stationary fuel-cell applications and portable fuel-cell applications. (wikipedia.org)
The simulation of proton-exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFC) may work as a powerful tool in the development and widespread testing of alternative energy sources. (itpes.net)
Also, the effects of temperature on the performance of a HT-PEMFC were analyzed at varying temperatures, ranging from 140 degrees C to 200 degrees C. Increasing the operating temperature of the cell increases the performance of the HT-PEMFC. (metu.edu.tr)
Graphene Oxide could function as the membrane electrode assembly in a PEMFC. (asee.org)
With contributions from international scientists and engineers active in PEMFC research, Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells: Contamination and Mitigation Strategies discusses the impacts of contamination and the contamination mitigation strategies to improve fuel cell performance and durability. (canada.ca)
Finally, experimental investigation on the cell performance of macro and micro PEMFC and DMFC is briefly presented. (asme.org)
The HT-PEMFC devices are typically made of membranes with poly(benzimidazoles), although other polymers, such as sulphonated poly(ether ether ketones) and pyridine-based materials have been reported. (mdpi.com)

Water Management: The control of water content within the membrane is vital for maintaining its conductivity and preventing performance degradation. (itpes.net)
This configuration allows investigation of individual proton conducting channels within the membrane, including their number, connectivity, and conductivity, properties critical to fuel cell performance. (ucsb.edu)
Conductivity is related strongly to humidification, and therefore, this generally decreases above 100 °C. Nanocellulose membranes for fuel cells in which the proton conductivity increases up to 120 °C are reported here for the first time. (elsevierpure.com)
With a high ionic conductivity, Graphene Oxide could potentially take the place of the Pt catalyst as the main membrane used in PEMFCs. (asee.org)
The goal of the work was to study the performance of the acid-base composition on its properties, such as mechanical stability, thermal stability, and proton conductivity of PBI-SPEES blend membranes. (abechem.com)
The acid uptake (12 moles) and proton conductivity (101 mS/cm in 160 °C) of the blend membranes were significantly ameliorated as compared to pure phosphoric acid-doped PBI (APBI) membranes. (abechem.com)
The presence of SPEES in the blend membranes decreases the friability and hardness and increases the flexibility and proton conductivity of APBI membranes. (abechem.com)

Polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells are an efficient and clean alternative power source, but high cost impedes widespread commercialization. (elsevierpure.com)
Polymer fuel cells operating above 100 °C (High Temperature Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cells, HT-PEMFCs) have gained large interest for their application to automobiles. (mdpi.com)

PEMFCs are built out of membrane electrode assemblies (MEA) which include the electrodes, electrolyte, catalyst, and gas diffusion layers. (wikipedia.org)

This oxidation half-cell reaction or hydrogen oxidation reaction (HOR) is represented by: At the anode: The newly formed protons permeate through the polymer electrolyte membrane to the cathode side. (wikipedia.org)
The electrons travel along an external load circuit to the cathode side of the MEA, thus creating the current output of the fuel cell. (wikipedia.org)
At the cathode side oxygen molecules react with the protons permeating through the polymer electrolyte membrane and the electrons arriving through the external circuit to form water molecules. (wikipedia.org)
This reduction half-cell reaction or oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) is represented by: At the cathode: Overall reaction: The reversible reaction is expressed in the equation and shows the reincorporation of the hydrogen protons and electrons together with the oxygen molecule and the formation of one water molecule. (wikipedia.org)
Finally, the membrane must be resistant to the reducing environment at the cathode as well as the harsh oxidative environment at the anode. (wikipedia.org)
This membrane is located in between the anode and cathode catalysts and allows the passage of protons to pass to the cathode while restricting the passage of electrons. (wikipedia.org)
These fuel cells consist of several key components, including a proton exchange membrane, an anode, a cathode, and bipolar plates. (itpes.net)
However, the high consumption of platinum and poor durability of carbon supported platinum nanoparticles (Pt/C) in the conventional cathode prohibit the large-scale commercialization of fuel cell vehicles. (buffalo.edu)
To produce electrical energy in a fuel cell, the hydrophilic domains must provide a continuous pathway from the anode to the cathode and also have a catalyst particle at both ends. (ucsb.edu)
A platinum coated AFM tip functions as a nanoscale cathode as it scans the surface of a membrane, diagramed in Figure 1. (ucsb.edu)
Experimental apparatus consisting of Pt tip (cathode), which scans the surface of a proton exchange membrane hot-pressed to a carbon cloth electrode embedded with Pt particles (anode) and exposed to hydrogen gas. (ucsb.edu)
In a fuel cell, hydrogen forms the anode and oxygen from the atmospheric air forms the cathode and platinum is chosen as a catalyst. (asee.org)
The novel cathode matrix flow field in PEM fuel cell that significantly improves the cell performanc. (espublisher.com)
The novel cathode matrix flow field in PEM fuel cell that significantly improves the cell performance is experimentally investigated. (espublisher.com)
Nitrogen-doped carbon-based electrodes are among the most promising alternatives to platinum-based electrodes in the cathode of fuel cells and metal-air batteries, where the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) takes place. (bvsalud.org)

SEM image of carbon cloth electrode after removing overlaying Nafion membrane, showing the presence of Pt particles that have been deposited through the membrane's hydrophilic channels. (ucsb.edu)

At the anode side it is catalytically split into protons and electrons. (wikipedia.org)
Shown at left is a side view of the fuel cell flow stage used for AFM scans, consisting of i) proton exchange membrane ii) insulating layer iii) Pt loaded carbon cloth (anode) iv) copper base. (ucsb.edu)
At the anode, electrons are separated from the protons by the catalyst. (asee.org)
The protons travel through the membrane and reach the anode where it combines with oxygen to form water, which is the byproduct of this process. (asee.org)
Single cell tests using the alloy catalysts coated on Nafion-212 membranes with H2 and O2 gases showed that the fuel cell performance in the activation and the ohmic regions are almost similar comparing conventional electrodes to Pt-Pd anode electrodes. (bilkent.edu.tr)

1. Easy sealing PEMFCs have a thin, polymeric membrane as the electrolyte. (wikipedia.org)
In recent years, proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) have gained significant attention as a clean and efficient energy conversion technology. (itpes.net)
Membrane electrode assembly is the core part of proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs)," according to the article. (buffalo.edu)
Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells (PEMFCs) are a type of renewable energy source which function by converting hydrogen produced from renewable sources such as biomass into water and clean combined heat and electric power, since carbon dioxide is not generated as a bi-product. (asee.org)
The objective of this review is to provide a summary of modeling and experimental research efforts on transport phenomena in proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs). (asme.org)
2017/11) We have had technology transfer contract with GUARDNEC (Co.) about reinforced composite membrane for PEMFCs. (google.com)

Their distinguishing features include lower temperature/pressure ranges (50 to 100 °C) and a special proton-conducting polymer electrolyte membrane. (wikipedia.org)
After comparing fresh and degraded performances of Polymer Electrolyte Membrane (PEM) based components of a hydrogen cycle with the help of computational fluid dynamics simulations, recently established stand-alone solar energy system producing hydrogen for energy storage is investigated focusing on the effects of degradation of fuel cells on the overall performance of the system. (metu.edu.tr)
He holds numerous research awards and owns the rights to four patents in the Polymer Electrolyte Membrane (PEM) fuel cells area. (asee.org)

An ink of catalyst, carbon, and electrode are sprayed or painted onto the solid electrolyte and carbon paper is hot pressed on either side to protect the inside of the cell and also act as electrodes. (wikipedia.org)
An article in Nanowerk on "highly-durable biomimetic nanotrough electrodes developed for proton exchange membrane fuel cells" cites a study in collaboration with engineering professor Gang Wu. (buffalo.edu)
The ion-conduction channel model of a Nafion® membrane placed between two electrodes. (ucsb.edu)
A temperature difference of 6 °C to 9 °C between the electrodes and the bipolar plates was observed for a cell operating at a current density of 1.5 A.cm -2 . (mechanics-industry.org)

The proton-exchange membrane is commonly made of materials such as perfluorosulfonic acid (PSFA) or Nafion, which minimize gas crossover and short circuiting of the fuel cell. (wikipedia.org)
Nafion® membranes are one of the most commonly used electrolytes in methanol and hydrogen fuel cells. (ucsb.edu)
Recently it has been shown that the Pt catalyst can be deposited electrochemically through the hydrophilic channels of the Nafion membrane [5]. (ucsb.edu)
In our work, catalyst particles are deposited through commercially available Nafion membranes (117, 112, and 212) by electrochemical pulse deposition. (ucsb.edu)
We have found that a large number (~60%) of the aqueous domains present at the surface of a Nafion membrane are electrochemically inactive. (ucsb.edu)
Initial work has focused on Nafion membranes (a perfluorosulfonic acid polymer) and commercially available electrode materials imaged under ambient conditions, while controlled variations in electrode fabrication and membrane preparation have also been explored. (ucsb.edu)
Nafion (R) 112 and 115 which have nominal thicknesses of 50 and 125 mu m, respectively, were used as membranes. (metu.edu.tr)
The membrane is made of nafion. (asee.org)
Hence graphene oxide is found to be more effective than nafion membrane. (asee.org)

Bipolar plates are key components of proton exchange membrane fuel cells - they notably distribute fuel gas and air and conduct electricity. (horiba.com)

Widespread commercialization of proton exchange membrane fuel cells remains curbed by various manufacturing and infrastructure challenges. (nist.gov)

2. Low Operating Temperature Under extreme sub-freezing conditions, the water produced by fuel cells can freeze in porous layers and flow channels. (wikipedia.org)
However, the low operating temperature of a PEM fuel cell allows it to reach a suitable temperature with less heating compared to other types of fuel cells. (wikipedia.org)
In this paper, a series of short stacks with 2-cell, 6-cell and 10-cell employing phosphotungstic acid functionalized mesoporous silica (HPW-meso-silica) nanocomposite proton exchange membranes (PEMs) have been successfully fabricated, assembled and tested from room temperature to 200 °C. The effective surface area of the membrane was 20 cm2 and fabricated by a modified hot-pressing method. (edu.au)
Direct methanol fuel cells (DMFCs) based on high-temperature (100-300 C) proton exchange membranes (HT-PEMs) offer significant advantages over the current low-temperature DMFCs based on perfluorosulfonic acid (e.g. (edu.au)
However, higher temperature puts greater demands on the membrane. (elsevierpure.com)
These measurements show a strong non-uniformity of the temperature profile through the membrane electrode assembly that future models should take into account. (mechanics-industry.org)

Compared to liquid electrolytes, a polymeric membrane has a much lower chance of leakage [2]. (wikipedia.org)

Using multiple reflectivity-based optical methods, such as optical scatterometry and large aperture projection scatterometry, we demonstrate in-line-capable catalyst loading measurements of carbon-supported Pt nanoparticle and Pt-alloy nanostructured thin film catalyst coated membranes. (nist.gov)
In the case of five-layer MEAs, optimum hot-pressing conditions of catalyst-coated GDLs onto the membrane were found as 172 N cm(-2). (metu.edu.tr)

The N−H···O interactions between the PBI and SPEES in the blend membranes indicated that the two polymers form a miscible blend. (abechem.com)
Our main research area comprises new generations of ionic polymers for proton- and anion-exchange membranes for energy conversion and storage systems such as fuel cells, water electrolyzers and flow batteries. (lu.se)

The global fuel cell market size was valued at $2.9 billion in 2022 and to reach $9.1 billion in 2027, growing at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 26.0% from 2022 to 2027. (marketsandmarkets.com)

The cost of catalysts used by a fuel cell is almost 26% of the total cost when 1,000 systems are produced per year. (marketsandmarkets.com)
The high cost of catalysts is projected to inhibit the growth of the advances in the fuel cell technology market in the coming years. (marketsandmarkets.com)

They are present in all cells in the body and consist of DNA and a supporting structure of protein. (marxist.com)
multi-pass membrane protein (by similarity). (lu.se)
The success of proteomics experiments, such as studies of protein function and cell signaling pathways, ultimately de- pends on how well the protein content in samples is identified and annotated. (lu.se)

According to National Development and Reform Commission, there will be around 50,000 hydrogen fuel cell vehicles , or FCVs on road in China by 2025. (marketsandmarkets.com)

Proton exchange membrane fuel cells are devices that convert chemical energy from hydrogen and oxygen into electrical energy through an electrochemical reaction. (itpes.net)
A PEM Fuel Cell functions by the reaction of pure hydrogen and oxygen gases into water and usable energy (2H_2+ O_2=2H_2 O+energy). (asee.org)

Overview of Acid Secretion Acid is secreted by parietal cells in the proximal two thirds (body) of the stomach. (msdmanuals.com)

A V-ATPase acts as a pump to move positively charged hydrogen atoms (protons) across cell membranes. (medlineplus.gov)
Proton pump inhibitors have replaced H2 blockers in most clinical situations because of efficacy. (msdmanuals.com)
Data are limited to the use of proton pump inhibitors in children. (msdmanuals.com)
Long-term proton pump inhibitor therapy produces elevated gastrin levels, which lead to enterochromaffin-like cell hyperplasia. (msdmanuals.com)

Our hypothesis is that this effect is of electrostatic origin and that the observed behavior is due to proton charge fluctuations of the histidines, promoting attractive electrostatic interactions between the positively charged proteins and the anionic surfaces, with concomitant counterion release. (lu.se)
These approaches promise to enable researchers to assess, on a large scale, both expression level and functional state of the proteins that carry out most functions in a cell. (lu.se)

Asia Pacific is estimated to be the largest market from 2022 to 2027 and is expected to see a high demand for fuel cell due to the high demand for fuel cell power generation, as well as increasing research and development for hydrogen generation . (marketsandmarkets.com)
China recently upgraded its fuel cell policy in March 2022 and unveiled a blueprint for fuel cell technology deployment by 2035 in the country. (marketsandmarkets.com)

One such technical barrier identified by the U. S. Department of Energy is the need for high-speed, in-line process control of platinum-based catalyst layers in the membrane electrode assembly of the fuel cell. (nist.gov)
Some of the most common fuel cells are DMFC, PAFC, and PEM, which rely on rare-earth metals, such as platinum, to enhance the reaction rate. (marketsandmarkets.com)

With this approach, PEM fuel cells have been shown to be capable of cold start processes from −20°C. 3. (wikipedia.org)

Increasing demand for stationary fuel cells is also expected to drive growth of the market. (stratagemmarketinsights.com)
The huge price difference between battery electric and fuel cell vehicles is a major challenge for the growth of FCEV sales. (marketsandmarkets.com)
Moreover, The government of Japan has set ambitious goals for the extensive deployment of fuel cell systems in the residential and transportation sectors whch has spur the small scale fuel cell market growth. (marketsandmarkets.com)
China is the world's largest automotive market, which supports the rapid growth of technologies such as fuel cell vehicles as compared to other regions. (marketsandmarkets.com)

Also, by increasing Teflon:carbon ratio in the GDLs, PEM fuel cell performance increases up to a certain value, but further increase of this ratio worsen the performance. (metu.edu.tr)
Rare-earth metals are expensive, and their use increases the overall cost of the fuel cell. (marketsandmarkets.com)

They allow researchers and engineers to gain valuable insights into the complex processes occurring within these fuel cells. (itpes.net)

To function, the membrane must conduct hydrogen ions (protons) but not electrons as this would in effect "short circuit" the fuel cell. (wikipedia.org)

The proton conducting hydrophilic channels are shown in white. (ucsb.edu)
Construction of reliable ion-conducting channels based on the perfluorinated anion-exchange membrane for high-performance pure-water-fed electrolysis. (espublisher.com)
Zhang, Z. Brassinosteroids regulate plasma membrane anion channels in addition to proton pumps during expansion of Arabidopsis thaliana cells. (uba.ar)
Rona, J.-P. 'Brassinosteroids regulate plasma membrane anion channels in addition to proton pumps during expansion of Arabidopsis thaliana cells' (2005) Plant and Cell Physiology. (uba.ar)
Coupling between sodium and proton movements in dog red blood cells was investigated directly using the fluorescent probe 3,3'- dipropylthiadicarbocyanine (diSC35) and indirectly by measurement of potassium movements through valinomycin channels. (cdc.gov)

2010). Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells: Contamination and Mitigation Strategies (1st ed. (taylorfrancis.com)
They also describe key issues in the future R and D of fuel cell contamination and control. (canada.ca)
It offers a comprehensive overview of nearly every aspect of fuel cell contamination, from fundamentals to applications. (canada.ca)

The large sodium fluxes that occurred in the presence of cell shrinkage were determined to not be conductive in nature. (cdc.gov)

Fuel cells with nanocellulose membranes are successfully operated at 80 °C. Additionally, these membranes are environmentally friendly and biodegradable. (elsevierpure.com)

These factors are membrane thickness, hot-pressing conditions of the gas diffusion layer (GDL) either onto the membrane or membrane electrode assembly (MEA) and Teflon:carbon ratio in the GDL on PEM fuel cell performance. (metu.edu.tr)
The model equations are solved using a multi-domain approach incorporating water transport through membrane and multi-component species transport through porous diffusion layer. (uky.edu)

We are particularly interested in understanding how the geometry of a molecule changes: one example is isomerization or proton transfer that is driven by vibrational excitation. (lu.se)

Adaptive control for robust air flow management in an automotive fuel cell system). (ncat.edu)

This movement of protons helps regulate the relative acidity (pH) of cells and their surrounding environment. (medlineplus.gov)
Within cells, V-ATPases help regulate the pH of particular cell compartments. (medlineplus.gov)

Variants in the ATP6V0A2 gene prevent the cell from producing a functional a2 subunit, which disrupts the normal function of V-ATPases. (medlineplus.gov)

Light mass and high power density (transport applications) PEM fuel cells have been shown to be capable of high energy densities up to 39.7 kW/kg, compared to 2.5 kW/kg for solid oxide fuel cells. (wikipedia.org)
Large aperture projection scatterometry is a new high-throughput approach developed at the National Institute of Standards and Technology specifically for fuel cell manufacturing metrology. (nist.gov)
The successful application of these optical methods to fuel cell manufacturing metrology directly addresses the shortage of high-throughput process control approaches needed to facilitate performance improvements and manufacturing cost-reductions required to make fuel cells commercially viable. (nist.gov)
The results show that the cell with the matrix flow field has better performance than that with the conventional parallel and serpentine flow fields, especially at high relative humidity (75% higher current density at 0.6V and 100% relative humidity). (espublisher.com)
According to the PEM fuel cell results, with a high-power density of 0.65 W/cm2 at 180 ºC, the PBI-SPEES blend membranes have a high potential for use as an appropriate membrane in the fuel cells. (abechem.com)

The red and yellow spots represent catalyst particles in a conventional fuel cell. (ucsb.edu)
The hydrogen barrier properties are far superior to conventional ionomer membranes. (elsevierpure.com)

This enzyme, located in the apical secretory membrane of the parietal cell, plays a key role in the secretion of H+ (protons). (msdmanuals.com)

In this critical review, we address the state-of-the-art of membrane fabrication and their properties. (mdpi.com)

Modeling and simulation have become indispensable tools in the field of proton exchange membrane fuel cells. (itpes.net)
Design Optimization: Modeling and simulation enable the exploration of various cell designs and configurations, helping identify the most efficient and cost-effective solutions. (itpes.net)

Therefore, sub-regions and compulsive gas distribution should be considered if the matrix flow field is applied in large-scale fuel cells. (espublisher.com)
The fluid flow within the serpentine channel geometry is simulated using a straight channel fuel cell model with total channel length equivalent to the stretched length of the entire serpentine path incorporating the same amount of pressure drop from inlet to outlet. (uky.edu)

Mass Transport: The transport of reactant gases, products, and ions within the cell greatly affects its performance. (itpes.net)

Importantly, the membrane must not be electrically conductive so the half reactions do not mix. (wikipedia.org)
The electrochemically active area of a proton exchange membrane in an operating fuel cell is investigated using conductive probe atomic force microscopy. (ucsb.edu)

The development of the key components of fuel cell electric vehicles, namely the fuel cell stack itself as well as the related hydrogen/air supply and thermal management sub-systems, goes hand in hand with a number of challenges with regards to performance, lifetime and safety. (sae.org)
Important components in fuel cells are made of metal, and we have vast metal resources. (lu.se)

Fuel cells being a non-emission solution for power generation fits the category green and renewable technologies and is growing owing to the carbon emission norms. (marketsandmarkets.com)

Anatomy46

Organisms14

Diseases2

Chemicals and Drugs98

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment32

Phenomena and Processes60

Disciplines and Occupations4

Technology, Industry, Agriculture6

Information Science4

Health Care1

Exchange membrane fuel cell28

PEMFC7

Conductivity7

Electrolyte membrane fuel cells2

Electrode assemblies1

Cathode15

Overlaying Nafion membrane1

Anode5

PEMFCs6

Polymer electrolyte3

Electrodes4

Nafion9

Bipolar1

Commercialization1

Temperature6

Electrolytes1

Catalyst coated2

Polymers2

Fuel Cell Market Size1

Catalysts2

Protein3

20251

Oxygen2

Acid1

Pump4

Proteins2

20222

Platinum2

Cold start processes1

Growth4

Increases2

Processes1

Electrons1

Channels5

Contamination3

Fluxes1

Successfully1

Diffusion layer2

Molecule1

Robust1

Regulate2

Subunit1

High5

Conventional2

Secretion1

Fabrication1

Modeling2

Flow2

Gases1

Conductive2

Components2

Carbon1