• Similarly, sEng is a truncated form of receptor for two subtypes of transforming growth factor beta (TGF β ) specifically, TGF β 1 and TGF β 2 which are highly expressed by vascular endothelial cells and syncytiotrophoblasts. (hindawi.com)
  • Our study found that fibrinogen-like protein 2 (Fgl2) gene silencing activates angiopoietin/Tie system and induces myocardial microvascular endothelial Cells proliferation and cell migration, we also found that serum Fgl2 levels elevated in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS), these results are preliminary, but very meaningful [ 1 , 2 ]. (silverchair.com)
  • Cells expressing Fgl2 prothrombinase include macrophages, vascular endothelial cells, fetal trophoblast and a subset of decidual stromal cells [ 3 - 5 , 7 ]. (silverchair.com)
  • Trophoblast cells (fetal) and endothelial cells (maternal) express sFlt1. (frontiersin.org)
  • Protocadherin 12 (VE-cadherin 2) is expressed in endothelial, trophoblast, and mesangial cells. (hal.science)
  • Protocadherin 12 protein (PCDH12, VE-cadherin 2) is a cell adhesion molecule that has been isolated from endothelial cells. (hal.science)
  • Mammalian cells expressing PlGF include villous trophoblasts, decidual cells, erythroblasts, keratinocytes and some endothelial cells. (reliatech.de)
  • Among these remaining 20 proteins, 9 proteins were not significantly expressed in the villous and extravillous trophoblasts of the placenta. (arcedi.com)
  • A critical phase of placental development is the differentiation of cytotrophoblasts into invasive extravillous trophoblasts. (mun.ca)
  • B7-H3 is an immunoglobulin superfamily protein that is expressed by osteoblasts, fibroblasts, ciliated respiratory epithelial cells, anterior pituitary progenitor cells, first trimester extravillous trophoblasts, and multiple tumor cells. (bio-techne.com)
  • TPBG and trophoblast glycoprotein, a 72 kDa glycoprotein member of the LRR family of proteins expressed on trophoblasts, tumor cells, ovarian cuboidal epithelium and embryonic stem cells, and impacts cell adhesion and motility. (adcreview.com)
  • however, this model has not been widely accepted, in part owing to a lack of proof for a trophoblast progenitor population. (ca.gov)
  • The progenitor cytotrophoblast of the human placenta can differentiates into one of two main pathways forming either the syncytiotrophoblast or the invasive extravillous trophoblast (EVT). (ispr.org.il)
  • Rbfox2 is expressed in the progenitor epithelial cell cytotrophoblast, reduced in the terminally differentiated syncytiotrophoblast (formed by cell fusion) and conversely, highly expressed in the invasive trophoblasts, known to express mesenchymal cell markers. (ispr.org.il)
  • Progenitor trophoblasts in the interhemal compartment Most recently two groups have described labyrinthine trophoblast "progenitor" cells in the mouse placenta. (cancer-ecosystem.com)
  • It is expressed on the surface of NK cells, activated monocytes, macrophages, and placental trophoblasts in humans. (biolegend.com)
  • The study revealed that CD16-CD68-expressing macrophages appear to participate in ureteral neoplastic transformation. (cusabio.com)
  • Expressed on natural killer cells, macrophages, subpopulation of T cells, immature thymocytes and placental trophoblasts. (lu.se)
  • The PKC family comprises at least eight members, which are differentially expressed and are involved in a wide variety of cellular processes. (nih.gov)
  • This study shows the pluripotency genes, Lin28, Sox2, and NrObl, to be differentially expressed in proliferating TS cells and differentiated TGCs. (mountainscholar.org)
  • We have (1), by their transcriptomic profile, identified markers that are upregulated in amnion and chorion tissue compared to maternal white blood cells, and (2), by immunohistochemistry, confirmed the localization of the differentially expressed proteins in fetal membranes, placenta, and the placental bed of the uterus. (arcedi.com)
  • In recent years, bioinformatics analysis and the microarray technology have been used to identify transcriptomic alterations and differentially expressed genes (DEGs), as well as their physiological functions, in many diseases. (hindawi.com)
  • LncRNA microarray was used to analyze the differentially expressed lncRNAs and mRNAs. (researchsquare.com)
  • Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) was used to analyze the main enrichment pathways of differentially expressed mRNAs. (researchsquare.com)
  • The differentially expressed lncRNAs were primarily located in chromosomes 2, 1, and 11. (researchsquare.com)
  • KEGG enrichment pathways revealed that the differentially expressed mRNAs were enriched in focal adhesion as well as in the signaling pathways of Ras, tumor necrosis factor (TNF), estrogen, and chemokine. (researchsquare.com)
  • A fragment of the Dab2 human cDNA was also isolated based on its frequent loss of expression in ovarian cancer, and was termed DOC-2 (Differentially expressed in ovarian carcinoma gene 2) [ 2 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • We also establish that, similar to in vivo events, hESC differentiation into trophoblast is characterized by a p63+/KRT7+ CTB stem cell state, followed by formation of functional KLF4+ STB and HLA-G+ EVT. (ca.gov)
  • A mouse trophoblast stem (TS) cell culture system is a useful tool in studying TS cell proliferation and differentiation into trophoblast giant cells (TGCs). (mountainscholar.org)
  • JAM3 knockdown additionally inhibited trophoblast proliferation and increased the number of trophoblasts in the sub-G1 and G2/M phases, indicating cell-cycle disturbance and apoptosis. (bioone.org)
  • p32 is a conserved eukaryotic protein which is primarily expressed in the mitochondria and regulates cell proliferation, migration and metabolism in various tissues. (manchester.ac.uk)
  • Fructose is an intermediate product in the synthesis of glucosamine from glucose, and glucosamine is linked to regulation of trophoblast cell proliferation through regulation of mTOR. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Furthermore, lncRNA uc003fir suppresses the proliferation and migration of trophoblast cells, which might contribute to preeclampsia development [ 17 ]. (researchsquare.com)
  • BMP4-directed trophoblast differentiation of human embryonic stem cells is mediated through a DeltaNp63+ cytotrophoblast stem cell state. (ca.gov)
  • We have determined a role for a nuclear protein, called p63, in maintaining placental stem cells ('cytotrophoblast') in their stem cell state. (ca.gov)
  • We have previously shown that p63, a member of the p53 family of nuclear proteins, is expressed in proliferative cytotrophoblast (CTB), precursors to terminally differentiated syncytiotrophoblast (STB) in chorionic villi and extravillous trophoblast (EVT) at the implantation site. (ca.gov)
  • However, invasive cytotrophoblast express HLA-G which may be able to present peptide to T cells. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Anti-transporter protein antibody (TAP1) labeling closely paralleled that of MHC class I, but the intensity of its expression was much greater on the HLA-G+ extravillous cytotrophoblast than any other fetal or maternal tissue in the first trimester and at term. (ox.ac.uk)
  • p32 was highly expressed in the syncytiotrophoblast, the underlying cytotrophoblast (CTB), the vascular endothelium and by a proportion of cells in the villous stroma in first trimester and term placenta. (manchester.ac.uk)
  • In human placenta, ILK was present in cytotrophoblast and extravillous trophoblast in the first trimester (n=17), early second trimester (n=6) and at term (n=10). (mun.ca)
  • Galectin-1 (gal-1), a highly expressed glycan-binding protein at the maternal-fetal interface, orchestrates the maternal adaptation to pregnancy and placenta development. (bvsalud.org)
  • In this study Lin28 was highly expressed in proliferating cells and the Let-7's are upregulated in differentiated TGCs. (mountainscholar.org)
  • In particular, the human genome contains full-length copies of four env open-reading frames (ORFs) that are highly expressed in the placenta [ 8 - 10 ]. (ecancer.org)
  • Is highly expressed ACE 2 in pregnant women 'a curse' in times of COVID-19 pandemic? (cdc.gov)
  • Unfortunately it is poorly understood which physiological and molecular mechanisms are involved in the regulation of trophoblast differentiation. (mun.ca)
  • Structure-activity features of the protein were characterized, and functional studies predict bubaline pregnancy associated glycoprotein 2 as an inducible, extra-cellular, non-essential, N-glycosylated, aspartic pro-endopeptidase that is involved in down-regulation of complement pathway and immunity during pregnancy. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The multifunctional regulator nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor (Nrf2) is considered not only as a cytoprotective factor regulating the expression of genes coding for anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory and detoxifying proteins, but it is also a powerful modulator of species longevity. (springer.com)
  • The major characteristics of Nrf2 are to some extent mimicked by Nrf2-dependent genes and their proteins including heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), which besides removing toxic heme, produces biliverdin, iron ions and carbon monoxide. (springer.com)
  • Microarray-based global gene expression analyses on bovine placenta and trophoblast cells suggest that the expression profiles of specific genes depend on the cells and tissues in which they are expressed as well as the time of the gestation period. (bioone.org)
  • This custom-made microarray revealed that trophoblast-specific genes such as placental lactogen, pregnancy-associated glycoproteins, prolactin-related proteins, and those of the sulfotransferase family were mainly expressed in the trophoblast giant cells and that their expression increased as gestation progressed. (bioone.org)
  • A total of 100 and 212 differently expressed genes were identified in the GSE75010 and GSE10588 datasets, respectively, and after overlapping with WGCNA results, 17 genes were identified. (hindawi.com)
  • Additionally, protein-protein interaction network analysis identified 10 hub genes, six ( FLT1 , FLNB , FSTL3 , INHA , TREM1 , and SLCO4A1 ) of which were used to establish a logistic model for PE. (hindawi.com)
  • Encoded by one of two nearly indentical genes: FCGR3A and FCGR3B which are expressed in a tissue-specific manner. (lu.se)
  • Our results revealed that JAM3 was expressed in the cytotrophoblasts and syncytiotrophoblasts of first-trimester and term placental villi. (bioone.org)
  • p32 mRNA and protein expression was significantly higher in the first trimester of pregnancy than at term, and expression in the trophoblast was significantly reduced in placentas from women with fetal growth restriction (FGR). (manchester.ac.uk)
  • Its main functional component is the trophoblast, which is derived from extra-embryonic ectoderm. (ca.gov)
  • In contrast, BMP-4 induces extra-embryonic trophoblast differentiation in human pluripotent stem cells 5 . (anhsci.com)
  • mRNA and Protein Expression in Human Fetal Membrane Cells: Potential Biomarkers for Preterm Prelabor Rupture of the Fetal Membranes? (arcedi.com)
  • All but two transcripts were expressed both on mRNA and protein level in at least one fetal membrane cell type. (arcedi.com)
  • The expression level of miR-30d-5p decreased in the endometria during the implantation window of patients with RIF, whereas the mRNA and protein levels of SOCS1 were significantly higher in the RIF group than in the control group. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In the mouse labyrinth three layers of trophoblast individual maternal and fetal blood while in the chorionic villi of the human placenta there are at first two and later in gestation functionally one layer of trophoblast separating maternal and fetal blood (Physique 1). (cancer-ecosystem.com)
  • Body 1 Mouse and individual placenta On the mobile level both species appear even more comparable with syncytiotrophoblast development due to cell fusion in the interhemal area (the labyrinth in the mouse and chorionic villi in individual) and hyperdiploid trophoblast cells developing in the placental implantation site of both types (Body 1). (cancer-ecosystem.com)
  • However, it is still to be determined whether the long version of the TRPV6 protein is the dominant form in different tissues. (wikipedia.org)
  • Historically, melatonin has been considered an endocrine hormone released from the epithalamic pineal gland, which then acts on specific G-protein-coupled melatonin receptors in target tissues of both adults and the fetus ( 1 , 2 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • LIN28 is a protein that regulates mRNAs and miRNAs, and is abundantly expressed in many undifferentiated tissues. (mountainscholar.org)
  • The 5T4 protein is expressed by many different cancers but rarely in normal adult tissues. (cellcarta.com)
  • The protein is also predicted to be involved in nutritional processes, and apoptotic processes underlying fetal morphogenesis and re-modeling of feto-maternal tissues. (biomedcentral.com)
  • By comparison, ILK was present in the three layers of the mouse placenta: labyrinth, junctional zone, and trophoblast giant cells. (mun.ca)
  • In total these novel results showed that ILK is present in human and mouse placenta in cells that invade the maternal uterus during pregnancy and that it plays a critical role in the migration and invasion of trophoblasts. (mun.ca)
  • This gene encodes a member of the protein kinase C (PKC) family of serine/threonine protein kinases. (nih.gov)
  • This protein kinase is calcium-independent and phospholipid-dependent. (nih.gov)
  • RO3306 is a compound used to block Cyclin-dependent Protein Kinase 1 and force endoreduplication, causing TS cells to differentiate into TGCs. (mountainscholar.org)
  • We found that Fgl2 gene silencing inhibits apoptosis and improves heart function of streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetes rats, the possible mechanism maybe that Fgl2 gene silencing reduces the tumour necrosis factor (TNF)±levels, decreases the expression of B-cell lymphoma-2 (bcl2), bcl-2-associated X (bax), toll-like receptors 4 (TLR4) and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK). (silverchair.com)
  • lntegrin-Linked Kinase (ILK) is a ubiquitous protein able to regulate outside-inside signaling by binding to integrins. (mun.ca)
  • Exposure of HTR8-SVneo cells to a low oxygen environment produced a transient increase in the expression of ILK mRNA, but did not affect the level of protein expression nor its kinase activity. (mun.ca)
  • However, recent studies have suggested that BRAFi/MEKi and ERK1/2i resistance can arise through activation of a parallel signalling pathway leading to activation of ERK5, an unusual protein kinase that contains both a kinase domain and a transcriptional transactivation domain. (babraham.ac.uk)
  • In flow cytometry, also reacts with monocytes expressing CXCR7, but does not react with MCF-7 cells which have been reported to have surface-expressing CXCR7 using clone 11G8. (rndsystems.com)
  • Overexpression of JAM3 or recombinant JAM3 protein enhanced trophoblast adhesion and migration, which were inhibited by JAM3 knockdown. (bioone.org)
  • Stemfactor BMP-4 is a recombinant protein expressed and purified from human 293 cells as a glycosylated homodimer with a molecular mass of 34 kDa. (anhsci.com)
  • We screened publicly available data for trophoblast cell lineage expression of RNA binding proteins, splicing and alternative splicing proteins. (ispr.org.il)
  • Rbfox2 is expressed in a trophoblast lineage specific manner in both normal and pathological placentas. (ispr.org.il)
  • Syncytin is expressed mainly in the human placenta and is implicated in placental syncytiotrophoblast cell fusion. (ecancer.org)
  • Rbfox2 immunofluorescence was performed on isolated primary trophoblasts differentiated to syncytiotrophoblast. (ispr.org.il)
  • following completion of branching morphogenesis it is co-expressed with and in the syncytiotrophoblast layer II (SynT-II) of the labyrinth [19]. (cancer-ecosystem.com)
  • When sorted out of mouse TS cultures LY6E+ cells expressed higher levels of SYNA and when plated in differentiation media readily formed multinucleated syncytiotrophoblast [24]. (cancer-ecosystem.com)
  • During co-culture with VCAM1-expressing OP9 cells these EPCAMhi cells efficiently formed multinucleated syncytiotrophoblast and expressed markers of SynT-I SynT-II and sinusoidal giant cells suggesting they are progenitors of all three layers of the labyrinth [25]. (cancer-ecosystem.com)
  • Gene ontology analyses showed that a high proportion of placental secretome proteins are involved in metabolic and immune modulation, signalling and growth. (biorxiv.org)
  • The env gene maintained an ORF coding for a 538-amino acid polypeptide that has all the characteristic features of env proteins and mediates intercellular fusion in vitro [ 11 - 13 ]. (ecancer.org)
  • The new findings also suggest that eed may be critical in a fundamental process known as imprinting, a phenomenon in which a specific gene is expressed, or turned on, depending on whether it is inherited from the mother or the father. (sciencedaily.com)
  • If the gene is mutated in a way that is less severe, where the protein is still produced and still functions but not to optimal efficiency, then the animals come to term and are susceptible to developing leukemias. (sciencedaily.com)
  • Moreover, in proof of concept studies, we found that the relative abundance of secreted placental proteins (sFLT1/MIF and ANGPT2/MIF ratios) was increased in women at 12 weeks of pregnancy, prior to diagnosis of gestational diabetes. (biorxiv.org)
  • Its extracellular domain is over 95% homologous to that of CD16a, and it is expressed specifically on neutrophils. (biolegend.com)
  • Eomes is a T-box transcription factor that is highly homologous to T-bet, which is essential during trophoblast development and gastrulation in most vertebrates. (thermofisher.com)
  • Given the availability of 3D structures of these homologous proteins, the prediction of PAG structure from its amino acid sequence at high confidence levels is implicit. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Using trophoblasts as an in vitro model, we observed that forskolin and JAM3 knockdown significantly reduced JAM3 expression and increased syncytium formation. (bioone.org)
  • JAM3 knockdown induced reactive oxygen species and syncytin 2 expression in trophoblasts. (bioone.org)
  • Furthermore, H 2 O 2 -induced oxidative stress reduced JAM3 expression in trophoblasts and cell culture supernatants. (bioone.org)
  • Expression of TAP1 by human trophoblast. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Primary trophoblast differentiated to syncytium in cell culture, produced bHcg, lost e-cadherin expression at cell borders as an indicator of cell fusion and displayed reduced Rbfox2 expression. (ispr.org.il)
  • Therefore, the expression of embryonic proteins, such as alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) and bhCG, are indicative of malignant germ cell elements. (medscape.com)
  • The majority of proteins identified are also expressed by human placenta and several have been reported to be dysregulated in pregnancy complications. (biorxiv.org)
  • Galectins, a family of ß-galactoside-binding proteins, modulate immune and inflammatory processes and have been recognized as critical factors in reproductive orchestration, including maternal immune adaptation in pregnancy. (bvsalud.org)
  • These endovascular trophoblast cells facilitate the remodeling of spiral uterine arteries, which is essential for a healthy pregnancy. (frontiersin.org)
  • Pregnancy associated glycoproteins form a diverse family of glycoproteins that are variably expressed at different stages of gestation. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Also known as pregnancy specific protein-B (PSPB) or pregnancy specific protein (PSP)-60, these are putatively known to act as immunosuppressants that allow the immunological acceptance of the embryo by the dam. (biomedcentral.com)
  • At 8 weeks of gestation, the trophoblast cells invade from the placenta into the maternal tissue and into the uterine arteries. (frontiersin.org)
  • Similarly the trophoblast cells anchoring the placenta to the uterine wall in the mouse (parietal giant cells and glycogen trophoblasts) are not nearly as invasive as the equivalent cells (extravillous trophoblast/EVT) in individual where these cells invade up to 1 third from the thickness from the uterine wall structure like the maternal arterioles [2]. (cancer-ecosystem.com)
  • Fibrinogen-like protein 2 (Fgl2) is involved in apoptosis, angiogenesis and inflammatory response. (silverchair.com)
  • Without adequate blood supply, the trophoblasts release inflammatory factors into maternal blood, leading to an increase in maternal blood pressure and causing damage to certain organs [ 6 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • Secretome and cell peptidome analyses were performed using mass spectrometry on cultured primary trophoblast and fluorescence-activated sorted endocrine cells from pregnant mouse dams, and a placenta secretome map containing 319 proteins was generated. (biorxiv.org)
  • GLUT3 is detectable in a few normal cell type spermatids in testis with active spermatogenesis, placental trophoblast membranes, and neurons in brain. (thermofisher.com)
  • This study investigates the hypothesis that Liti28 and Ap-2y are necessary regulators of trophoblast stem cell maintenance and differentiation into TGCs. (mountainscholar.org)
  • Prothrombinase activity is only demonstrable when the protein is associated with phospholipids, typified by cell membranes, coagulation factor V is required for maximal activity and this activity is independent of factor Xa [ 6 ]. (silverchair.com)
  • The diversity of mRNA essential for cell differentiation and development is mediated in part by post transcriptional alternative splicing coding for protein isoforms. (ispr.org.il)
  • experiments in the mouse and experiments using validated human trophoblast cell culture systems. (cancer-ecosystem.com)
  • Early occasions and the trophoblast stem cell niche Both mouse and human placentation start with the formation of trophectoderm (TE) in the pre-implantation blastocyst. (cancer-ecosystem.com)
  • Mouse IgG1 antibody (clone #178/G10) from hybridomas was purified from cell culture supernatant by Protein G chromatography. (reliatech.de)
  • Neither of these proteins has proven valuable in the diagnosis of pineal parenchymal cell tumors. (medscape.com)
  • Transient Receptor Potential Vanilloid subfamily member 6 (TRPV6) is an epithelial Ca2+ channel that belongs to the transient receptor potential family (TRP) of proteins. (wikipedia.org)
  • TRPV6 was also called calcium transport protein 1 (CaT1) initially although the names epithelial calcium channel 2 (ECaC2) and CaT1-like (CaT-L) were also used in early studies to describe the channel. (wikipedia.org)
  • they are a major group of antimicrobials that are expressed at mucosal surfaces by epithelial cells and leukocytes that provide the first line of defense between an organism and the environment [ 4 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Additionally, AP-2y null TS cells express the pluripotency markers Oct4, Stella, and Nanog which only are expressed in ES cells and germ cells. (mountainscholar.org)
  • The aim of this study was to identify markers expressed exclusively in fetal membrane cells to facilitate their isolation, characterization, and determination of biomarker potential in maternal blood. (arcedi.com)
  • p32 knockdown increased lactate production, reduced glucose extraction from culture medium and was associated with reduced MitoTracker dye accumulation in trophoblast mitochondria. (manchester.ac.uk)
  • Since ILK is overexpressed in tumors that become invasive, it was hypothesized that ILK is expressed in human placenta and that it is necessary for the differentiation of trophoblasts into invasive cells. (mun.ca)
  • In addition, the protein was strongly expressed in a subset of invasive cells of the placenta, which were identified as glycogen-rich trophoblasts. (hal.science)
  • The human leukocyte antigen (HLA) system is a major histocompatibility complex (MHC) protein in humans. (biomedcentral.com)
  • X-ray crystallographic structures of antigen binding fragments of EDE1 and EDE2 in complex with the Zika virus envelope protein have been obtained ( 4 ). (cdc.gov)
  • It is diagnosed based on the blood pressure of 140/90 mmHg or more in two stages with the urinary protein of 300 mg/day or higher, after 20 weeks of gestation (2). (ac.ir)
  • CD16a (FcγRIIIA) is a 50-65 kD polypeptide-anchored transmembrane protein. (biolegend.com)
  • Thus, Dab2 mediates the simultaneous attachment of clathrin-coated cargos containing transmembrane proteins with one or more NPXY motifs, such as the low density lipoprotein (LDL) receptor, megalin, and integrins, to the myosin motor, enabling endocytosis and directional trafficking. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Here, we offer an example of a potential target that has not been widely studied, namely the syncytin protein. (ecancer.org)
  • Keap1 is a cysteine-rich protein, known to be anchored to actin cytoskeleton [ 5 ], serving as an adaptor protein for the Cul3-dependent E3 ubiquitin ligase complex. (springer.com)
  • Disabled-2 (Dab2) is an endocytic adaptor protein involved in clathrin-mediated endocytosis and cargo trafficking. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Please see Best Protocols Section (Staining intracellular Antigens for Flow Cytometry) for staining protocol (refer to Protocol B: One-step protocol for intracellular (nuclear) proteins). (thermofisher.com)
  • Taken together, our results establish that BMP4-treated hESCs are an excellent model of human trophoblast differentiation, closely mimicking the in vivo progression from p63+ CTB stem cells to terminally differentiated trophoblast subtypes. (ca.gov)
  • Successful placentation in the human is dependent on the trophoblast evading recognition and destruction by the maternal immune system. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Placental structure and terminology Both mouse and human have a hemochorial placenta where maternal blood comes in direct contact with fetal-derived trophoblast. (cancer-ecosystem.com)
  • Oxidative stress generated during such stressful conditions may damage DNA and proteins, and as a consequence the cellular processes are disturbed. (springer.com)
  • Little is known about early trophoblast differentiation in the human embryo, owing to lack of a proper in vitro model system. (ca.gov)
  • Stemfactor BMP-4 was expressed in and purified from human 293 cells. (anhsci.com)
  • Evidence has shown that an imbalance of pro-antigenic and anti-angiogenic proteins can be considered as a possible etiological factor in the development of preeclampsia. (ac.ir)
  • The placental samples 1 cm × 1 cm in size were aseptically obtained from the fetal side and kept in a frozen state (− 70 °C). In all cases of preeclampsia in this study, the patients had blood pressures ≥ 140/90 mmHg, dipstick protein ≥ 1+/4+, or 24-h urine protein ≥ 300 mg/dl. (biomedcentral.com)