• The expression of central genes of the oxidative stress response protects the bacteria from anticipated ROS stress derived from PSMs or exogenous sources. (nih.gov)
  • Examples include the HU protein in Escherichia coli, a dimer of closely related alpha and beta chains and in other bacteria can be a dimer of identical chains. (wikipedia.org)
  • HU-type proteins have been found in a variety of bacteria (including cyanobacteria) and archaea, and are also encoded in the chloroplast genome of some algae. (wikipedia.org)
  • Histone-like proteins were unknown to be present in bacteria until similarities between eukaryotic histones and the HU-protein were noted, particularly because of the abundancy, basicity, and small size of both of the proteins. (wikipedia.org)
  • Upon further investigation, it was discovered that the amino acid composition of HU resembles that of eukaryotic histones, thus prompting further research into the exact function of bacterial DNA binding proteins and discoveries of other related proteins in bacteria. (wikipedia.org)
  • Currently, many more functions of bacteria DNA binding proteins have been discovered, including the regulation of gene expression by histone-like nucleoid-structuring protein, H-NS. (wikipedia.org)
  • H-NS is about 15.6 kDa and assists in the regulation of bacterial transcription in bacteria by repressing and activating certain genes. (wikipedia.org)
  • MICR 335 will provide a fundamental knowledge of the mechanisms that bacteria use to sense their environment and adapt their gene expression to optimise their growth and survival. (otago.ac.nz)
  • The intrinsic limitation of P BAD for the gene expression is known to be negated by glucose and afflicted with all-or-nothing induction in host bacteria. (nature.com)
  • Overall, this study proposes a new strategy for the bacteria-mediated delivery of therapeutic proteins to tumors. (nature.com)
  • Bacterial genomics, regulation, and resistance - Bacteria are a powerful unicellular model system to investigate the fundamental relation between genomic sequence, gene and protein expression, dynamics of molecular pathways, and resultant phenotypes. (utsouthwestern.edu)
  • At UAH, Cruz-Vera embarked on research in gene regulation in bacteria. (uah.edu)
  • His work involves unraveling the intricate mechanisms governing how genes in bacteria are expressed, ultimately affecting the production of proteins. (uah.edu)
  • Furthermore, nucleotide sequences related to the cluster vanHAX are present in this DNA, suggesting that the prolonged use of avoparcin in agriculture led to the uptake of glycopeptide resistance genes by animal commensal bacteria, which were subsequently transferred to humans. (cdc.gov)
  • As this proposed catalytic water is cut off from the bulk solvent by the N-terminus of ribosomal protein L27 in bacteria, we are currently investigating a possible regulatory role for this protein during translation. (u-bordeaux.fr)
  • Each repressor targets a specific co-regulated group of genes by recognizing a specific sequence of DNA, called the operator in bacteria . (proteopedia.org)
  • This is referred to as NOS 3'' and is derived from nopaline synthase gene in bacteria but can function in plants. (gmo-safety.eu)
  • The issues that arise from the discovery and production of the GM roundup ready soy are mostly relevant to the potential transfer of the gene that confers antibiotic resistance from the GM soy foods to the gut of the bacteria. (gmo-safety.eu)
  • The genetically engineered soy is similar in structure as well as function to the naturally occurring soy plants while the EPSPS gene in plants and bacteria are also similar regarding the roles they play. (gmo-safety.eu)
  • This subject describes how bacteria have evolved specialized structures and proteins that allow them to adapt and survive in a range of environments. (edu.au)
  • interpret current knowledge of how bacteria cause disease and formulate scientifically sound strategies to address issues in the diagnosis, treatment and/or prevention of bacterial infections. (edu.au)
  • In order to react effectively to changes in the surroundings, bacteria must be able to quickly turn specific genes on or off. (sciencedaily.com)
  • Together, our findings provide new insights into the effects of parasite scale worms on changes in symbiotic bacteria and gene expression in deep sea mussel hosts. (frontiersin.org)
  • In Chapter 3, metatranscriptomic sequencing was used to examine the gene expression response of a SO diatom community and their associated bacteria to Fe-amendment incubations during the 2016 WAP cruise. (uri.edu)
  • The realization of the vastness of bacterial diversity and the development of novel experimental techniques have propelled molecular microbiology into a new era of investigation This course provides insights into how genes are organized and regulated in bacteria and in their viruses. (lu.se)
  • Further detailed analyses of these responses will increase understanding of the molecular mechanisms of pathogenesis, identify new bacterial virulence factors, and aid in the design of new vaccines. (cdc.gov)
  • The primary aim of investigating bacterial pathogenesis is to understand the way that pathogens interact with the host to cause disease. (cdc.gov)
  • Although analyses that give information on the expression of a few genes provide insight and have been responsible for a large proportion of the bacterial pathogenesis literature currently available, our ultimate goal is to understand expression changes across the whole genome. (cdc.gov)
  • In particular this subject will examine the contribution of processes such as protein secretion and gene regulation to bacterial survival during infection of humans (i.e. pathogenesis). (edu.au)
  • Here, we identified and characterized YdgT as a negative modulator of the SPI-2 pathogenicity island and established that this negative regulation is central to systemic pathogenesis because ydgT mutants overexpressing typhoid virulence genes were ultimately attenuated during infection. (mcmaster.ca)
  • Faculty in this area use state-of-the-art approaches such as genetics of model organisms, bioinformatics, computational biology and functional genomics to study cellular development, signal transduction, regulation of gene expression, microbial pathogenesis, and the evolutionary origin of higher organisms. (umd.edu)
  • He also showed that double-stranded (ds)RNA- and ZDNA binding proteins had a role in poxvirus pathogenesis. (cdc.gov)
  • Streptococcal pathogens continue to evade concerted efforts to decipher clear-cut virulence mechanisms, although numerous genes have been implicated in pathogenesis. (cdc.gov)
  • Research opportunities in the department are in the areas of protein structure and function, enzyme reaction mechanisms, regulation of gene expression, mechanism of hormone action and cell signaling, enzymology and mechanisms of DNA replication and repair, cell cycle regulation, control of cell growth, molecular biology of the cancer process, molecular neurobiology, and the genetics and biochemistry of bacterial and viral pathogens. (nymc.edu)
  • His main research interests concern the identification of genes and enzymes involved in this pathway, the regulation of this metabolism, the mode of action of antibiotics and bacteriocins interfering with this pathway and the corresponding resistance mechanisms, as well as the molecular bases for the recognition of bacterial cell-wall peptidoglycan by host innate immunity mechanisms. (degruyter.com)
  • This has provided insights into mechanisms of microaerobic gene regulation, and has enabled the development of oxygen-dependent expression systems for high-level synthesis of recombinant proteins. (caltech.edu)
  • Mechanisms responsible for oxygen-dependent regulation act at the level of transcription initiation from two overlapping promoters within the region upstream of the VHb gene. (caltech.edu)
  • SPI-2 virulence is induced upon entry into macrophages, but the mechanisms of SPI-2 gene control in vivo remain unclear, particularly with regard to negative regulators that control the contextual activation of SPI-2. (mcmaster.ca)
  • Although the overall mechanisms behind gene regulation have long been known, the fine details have eluded scientists for decades. (sciencedaily.com)
  • These downregulated genes are normally part of the host stress response mechanisms that protect the bacterium during conditions of acid stress and stationary phase transition. (lu.se)
  • Mark L., Lee W. H., Villoutreix B. O., Proctor D., Blackbourn, D., Spiller B. O. and Blom A. M. (2004) KSHV complement control protein mimics human molecular mechanisms for inhibition of the complement system. (lu.se)
  • RafK carries a C-terminal regulatory domain present in a subset of ATP-binding proteins that has been involved in both direct regulation of transporter activity (inducer exclusion) and transcription of transporter genes. (lu.se)
  • in these processes, bacterial DNA binding proteins have an architectural role, maintaining structural integrity as transcription, recombination, replication, or any other DNA-dependent process proceeds. (wikipedia.org)
  • Translational gene-reporter fusion experiments revealed that Esr41 regulates ler expression at a post-transcriptional level, and pch transcription, probably via an unknown target of Esr41. (nih.gov)
  • In addition, Esr41 activated the expression of flagellar Class 3 genes by indirectly inducing the transcription of fliA, which encodes the sigma factor for flagellar synthesis. (nih.gov)
  • The involvement of viral DNA-binding proteins in the regulation of virulence genes, transcription, DNA replication, and repair make them significant targets. (mdpi.com)
  • To further investigate regulation of AI-2 production in Salmonella , we constructed pfs and luxS promoter fusions to a luxCDABE reporter in a low-copy-number vector, allowing an examination of transcription of the genes in the pathway for signal synthesis. (mcmaster.ca)
  • Using this integrated and cross-species approach, we identified two intragenic regions with promoter activity in vitro, are differentially methylated in vivo, and facilitate the tissue-specific transcription of novel and potentially protein-coding SHANK3 transcripts. (escholarship.org)
  • that is, they inhibit the transcription of messenger RNA from their target genes. (proteopedia.org)
  • Light-stimulated transcription of genes for two chloroplast polypeptides in isolated pea leaf nuclei. (wikidata.org)
  • A tissue-specific transcription enhancer element is located in the major intron of a rearranged immunoglobulin heavy chain gene. (wikidata.org)
  • Immunoglobulin gene transcription is activated by downstream sequence elements. (wikidata.org)
  • This is done through regulation of the activity of proteins that already exist in the cell, but also by the binding of special proteins-transcription factors-to specific sites on the DNA, turning certain genes on or off, which in turn regulates the cell's production of various proteins. (sciencedaily.com)
  • The latter might seem impossible, as an arbitrary transcription factor normally exists in just a handful of copies inside a bacterial cell, and one of them has to find a specific binding site on the DNA spiral, which contains some five million base pairs, in order to turn a gene on or off," says Erik Marklund, one of the lead authors of the new study. (sciencedaily.com)
  • The analysis revealed altered transcription levels of 12 E. coli genes in response to phage infection, and the observed regulation of phage genes correlated with the known in vivo pattern of M13 mRNA species. (lu.se)
  • The significantly upregulated genes encode proteins involved in reactions of the energy-generating phosphotransferase system and transcription processing, which could be related to phage transcription. (lu.se)
  • STAT5B acts as a part of the growth hormone signalling pathway leading to stimulation of insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) gene transcription [Woelfle et al. (lu.se)
  • In Escherichia coli, a DNA mismatch repair (MMR) pathway corrects errors that occur during DNA replication by coordinating the excision and re-synthesis of a long tract of the newly-replicated DNA between an epigenetic signal (a hemi-methylated d(GATC) site or a single-stranded nick) and the replication error after the error is identified by protein MutS. (duke.edu)
  • The synthesis of the peptide stem of bacterial peptidoglycan involves four enzymes, the Mur ligases (MurC, D, E and F). Among them, MurD is responsible for the ATP-dependent addition of d -glutamic acid to UDP-MurNAc- l -Ala, a reaction which involves acyl-phosphate and tetrahedral intermediates. (degruyter.com)
  • There, he chose to tackle what was, at the time, a little-known form of translational control: the regulation of ribosomal protein synthesis by the nascent polypeptide. (u-bordeaux.fr)
  • Nascent chain-mediated translational arrest , a process whereby signals encoded in certain nascent polypeptides termed arrest peptides bring protein synthesis to a halt. (u-bordeaux.fr)
  • Treatment of alkali-adapted cells with the protein synthesis inhibitor chloramphenicol has revealed that the AlTR is at least partially protein-dependent. (essex.ac.uk)
  • RNA codons and protein synthesis. (crossref.org)
  • Synthesis of active VHb was shown to occur in E. coli from the natural expression signals of the VHb gene. (caltech.edu)
  • Protocols were developed for the use of ORE-based expression systems for regulated, high level synthesis of recombinant proteins in high cell density fermentations. (caltech.edu)
  • Facilities include those for protein-sequence analysis, peptide and oligonucleotide synthesis, access to the synchrotron at Lawrence Berkeley National Lab for X-ray crystallography, and NMR spectrometry. (berkeley.edu)
  • 2022 ) Protein domain-dependent vesiculation of Lipoprotein A, a protein that is important in cell wall synthesis and fitness of the human respiratory pathogen Haemophilus influenzae . (lu.se)
  • Each time an amino acid is added to a growing polypeptide during protein synthesis, a tRNA anticodon pairs with its complementary codon on the mRNA molecule, ensuring that the appropriate amino acid is inserted into the polypeptide. (genome.gov)
  • In a cell, antisense DNA serves as the template for producing messenger RNA (mRNA), which directs the synthesis of a protein. (genome.gov)
  • Essentially nothing is known about the signal transduction pathways involved in the observed differential expression of virulence genes. (ed.ac.uk)
  • Importantly, this study also provides insight into the transcriptional regulation of SHANK3, the level of which is critical for normal brain development. (escholarship.org)
  • Transcriptional regulation of aquaporins in accessions of Arabidopsis in response to drought stress. (lu.se)
  • Activation of Btk results in a cascade of signaling events resulting in calcium mobilization and fluxes, cytoskeletal rearrangements, and transcriptional regulation involving nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) and nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT). (medscape.com)
  • Transcriptional regulation of the genes in metabolic pathways is a highly successful strategy, which is virtually universal in microorganisms. (lu.se)
  • With a minimalist model of metabolism, cell growth and transcriptional regulation in a microorganism, we explore how the interaction between environmental conditions and gene regulation set the growth rate of cells in the phase of exponential growth. (lu.se)
  • Citation: Troein C, Ahre´n D, Krogh M, Peterson C (2007) Is Transcriptional Regulation of Metabolic Pathways an Optimal Strategy for Fitness? (lu.se)
  • INTRODUCTION broken, which in realistic situations can severly constrain the Transcriptional regulation of effector genes is a highly successful regulatory options. (lu.se)
  • By coupling advances in the basic science of bacterial physiology with new tools in deep learning, cell simulation, and bacterial genetics, we aim to transform the process of cellular engineering. (utsouthwestern.edu)
  • He is director of research at CNRS and, since 2001, is the head of the Laboratory of Bacterial Envelopes and Antibiotics which, for more than 30 years, has been studying the biochemistry, genetics and physiology of the bacterial cell-wall peptidoglycan biosynthesis pathway as a whole. (degruyter.com)
  • So, if you are a Master's student looking for a challenging but also rewarding research project, who is interested in bacterial genetics, we encourage you to apply to our project. (lu.se)
  • The creation and isolation of specific mutants is a cornerstone of bacterial genetics. (lu.se)
  • The developing complementary technologies of DNA microarrays and proteomics are allowing the response of bacterial pathogens to different environments to be probed at the whole genome level. (cdc.gov)
  • Some bacterial pathogens have been shown to substantially modify their surface components in response to the host immune system and modify their energy metabolism and transport pathways to allow efficient growth within the host. (cdc.gov)
  • Bacterial pathogens must be able to gain access to, persist in, and replicate in normally privileged sites within a host. (cdc.gov)
  • Because the environment encountered within a living host will be quite different from the external environment, pathogens must be able to regulate the necessary genes in coordination as they move from the environment to the host and from one host niche to another. (cdc.gov)
  • Two of these methods, signature-tagged mutagenesis and in vivo expression technology, do not directly measure gene expression and do not allow true genomic-scale analysis, but they have been devised to identify genes necessary for pathogens during real infections. (cdc.gov)
  • A second group of methods, which includes DNA microarrays and proteomics, have advantages that overcome the limitations implicit in signature-tagged mutagenesis and in vivo expression technology, namely, the ability to directly measure expression (gene or protein) levels on a true genome-wide scale, but their application to analysis of bacterial pathogens during real infections is still in its infancy. (cdc.gov)
  • Antimicrobial resistance in bacterial pathogens is a major impediment to successful therapy, and in sever- al instances, bacterial strains have arisen that are refracto- ry to most available antimicrobial treatments (1). (cdc.gov)
  • It is the body's first-line defense against many bacterial pathogens. (medscape.com)
  • 2022 ) Gene Expression Regulation in Airway Pathogens: Importance for Otitis Media. (lu.se)
  • When plants are attacked by bacterial pathogens, a substance called coronatine from these pathogens uses the jasmonic acid system inside the plant cells to suppress the plant's disease response, making the plant more susceptible to disease. (isaaa.org)
  • For some pathogens, consideration may need to be given to the presence of mutations in targeted gene sequences or proteins. (who.int)
  • As a result, the expression of genes directly involved in colistin biosynthesis and secretion increased, indicating that at the transcriptional level spo0A and abrB played opposite roles in regulating colistin biosynthesis in P. polymyxa . (hindawi.com)
  • Taken together, our data demonstrated that starch instead of glucose can promote colistin production probably by affecting the expression of colistin biosynthesis-related genes, as well as reducing the repression of glucose to a secondary metabolic product. (hindawi.com)
  • It has been determined that colistin biosynthesis is negatively regulated by AbrB, a DNA-binding protein, by directly binding to the upstream region of pmxA [ 11 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • So far, colistin has been best characterized with respect to its structure and biosynthesis, antibacterial mechanism and bacterial resistance, and toxicity and derivatives. (hindawi.com)
  • For more than 15 years he has been involved in discovery of inhibitors of bacterial cell-wall biosynthesis as potential antibacterial agents. (degruyter.com)
  • For more than 30 years, his main research interests have been the functional and structural study of the enzymes of peptidoglycan biosynthesis, the determination of the structure of peptidoglycan from certain bacterial species, and the search for peptidoglycan biosynthesis inhibitors that could act as antibacterial agents. (degruyter.com)
  • which exhibited low transcriptional activity, especially of genes involved in secondary bile acid biosynthesis and neuroendocrine signaling (i.e., production of neurotransmitters, indoles and ligands for cannabinoid receptors). (biomedcentral.com)
  • We identified novel genes responsible for S. suis resistance to oxidative stress, including those involved in DNA repair or protection, and essential for the biosynthesis of amino acids and nucleic acids. (bvsalud.org)
  • ydgT mutants displayed a biphasic virulence phenotype during in vivo competitive infections that consisted of an early "gain-of-virulence" dependent on SPI-2 activation, followed by attenuation later in infection indicating that proper contextual regulation of SPI-2 by YdgT is necessary for full virulence during systemic colonization. (mcmaster.ca)
  • Our group is interested in the research of clinically relevant bacterial species that mainly cause upper and lower airway infections and their interactions with the host. (lu.se)
  • In 1952, Colonel Ogden Bruton noted the absence of immunoglobulins (Ig) in a boy with a history of pneumonia and other bacterial sinopulmonary infections. (medscape.com)
  • As Bruton originally described, XLA manifests as pneumonia and other bacterial sinopulmonary infections in 80% of cases. (medscape.com)
  • 2006]. Patients with XLA have decreased number of mature B cells and lack of all immunoglobulin isotypes causing susceptibility to severe bacterial infections [Reviewed in Lindvall et al. (lu.se)
  • A cluster and humans coming into contact with the animals (farm that includes three genes, vanH , vanA , and vanX , is required for high-level resistance to glycopeptides. (cdc.gov)
  • There is also no evidence that points at the ability of the new gene in GM soy having a potential to integrate into the DNA genome of humans and thus poses no known health hazard. (gmo-safety.eu)
  • The bacterial pathogen Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) infects 30% of all humans and kills someone every 20 - 30 seconds. (aiche.org)
  • Like RafK, the presence of DLDH also activated the expression of raf operon genes, as DLDH-negative pneumococci showed a significantly decreased expression of aga and rafEFG, but DLDH did not regulate rafK or the putative regulatory genes rafR and rafS. (lu.se)
  • Repressor proteins are coded for by regulatory genes. (proteopedia.org)
  • However, in the case of the roundup soy, plant cells often do not recognize the regulatory genes derived from bacterial cells. (gmo-safety.eu)
  • The role of single-stranded DNA binding (SSB) protein during DNA replication in Escherichia coli cells has been studied, specifically the interactions between SSB and the χ subunit of DNA polymerase III in environments of varying salt concentrations. (wikipedia.org)
  • In DNA replication at the lagging strand site, DNA polymerase III removes nucleotides individually from the DNA binding protein. (wikipedia.org)
  • Circular replication-associated protein (Rep)-encoding single-stranded (CRESS) DNA viruses are highly diverse and have a broad range of hosts. (bvsalud.org)
  • The locus of enterocyte effacement (LEE) in EHEC encodes a type three secretion system and effector proteins, all of which are essential for bacterial adherence to host cells. (nih.gov)
  • Esr41-mediated ler and pch repression was not observed in cells lacking hfq, which encodes an RNA-binding protein essential for most sRNA functions, indicating that Esr41 acts in an Hfq-dependent manner. (nih.gov)
  • The third gene, vanA , Francisco, CA). encodes an ATP-dependent D-Ala-D-Lac ligase. (cdc.gov)
  • SHANK3 encodes a structural protein in the postsynaptic densities of excitatory neurons and altered copy number, and presumably aberrant expression levels of SHANK3, underlie the abnormal neurological phenotypes in patients afflicted with 22q13 deletion syndrome and autism spectrum disorders. (escholarship.org)
  • The virus has a circular genome of 3,912 nucleotides, three major putative open reading frames, and encodes a Rep gene of 310 amino acids. (bvsalud.org)
  • The gene affected encodes a SH2D1A protein consisting only of a SH2 domain and a short C-terminal tail [Sayos et al. (lu.se)
  • pp)pGpp induction resulted in the downregulation of many genes involved in protein and RNA/DNA metabolism. (nih.gov)
  • The lactose ("lac") repressor controls the expression of bacterial enzymes involved in the metabolism of of the sugar lactose. (proteopedia.org)
  • The gut microbiome has recently emerged as a key modifier of human health that can affect the development and progression of obesity, largely due to its involvement in the regulation of food intake and metabolism. (biomedcentral.com)
  • 2012. Regulation of antimicrobial peptide gene expression by nutrients and by-products of microbial metabolism. . (oregonstate.edu)
  • A very natural place to study gene detecting and metabolizing lactose, it is known that the overall regulation is in the metabolism of the cell, and then specifically in effect of expressing the lac genes in vain is a drop in the growth rate the regulation of genes that code for enzymes and transporter of as much as 5% [1,6]. (lu.se)
  • Das, Pijush K. (2006) Regulation of guanylyl cyclase by intracellular Ca 2+ in relation to the infectivity of the protozoan parasite, Leishmania donovani International Journal of Biochemistry & Cell Biology, 38 (8). (ias.ac.in)
  • Beginning with the study of ligand-gated ion channels and their role in problems ranging from muscle action to vision, Phillips then undertakes increasingly sophisticated case studies, from bacterial chemotaxis and quorum sensing to hemoglobin and its role in mammalian physiology. (booksamillion.com)
  • [ 1 ] Neutrophils move to the site of invasion by means of chemotaxis, which occurs in response to microbial products, activated complement proteins, and cytokines. (medscape.com)
  • Chemotaxis of neutrophils involves movement of pseudopodia and polymerization of cytoskeletal proteins or actin. (medscape.com)
  • The main aim of our research is to understand the molecular details and physiological roles of the multitude of water channel-like proteins present in plants and animals. (lu.se)
  • As bioactive compounds tend to interact with multiple proteins with various physiological effect, we aimed to identify other potential shared targets to understand the extent in which these chemicals could lead to GWI. (cdc.gov)
  • Our project offers a unique opportunity for Master's student to gain hands-on experience focused on transcriptional regulators with importance in expression of genes of outer membrane proteins that are essential in host-pathogen interaction. (lu.se)
  • In addition, some diatom genera expressed components of a putative Fe-siderophore uptake system, including an Fe-siderophore outer membrane receptor protein and corresponding ABC transporter components. (uri.edu)
  • Affinity tags can reduce merohedral twinning of membrane protein crystals. (lu.se)
  • In order to gain a more comprehensive perspective on the physiology and regulation of the AlTR, we compared differential gene expression and protein content of cells adapted at pH 9.5 and un-adapted cells (pH 7.0) using complementary DNA (cDNA) microarray and two-dimensional (2D) gel electrophoresis, (combined with mass spectrometry) respectively. (essex.ac.uk)
  • The integration host factor (IHF), a dimer of closely related chains which is suggested to function in genetic recombination as well as in translational and transcriptional control is found in Enterobacteria and viral proteins including the African swine fever virus protein A104R (or LMW5-AR). (wikipedia.org)
  • The research group has focused on the protein Feronia, a receptor kinase protein found in plant cells. (isaaa.org)
  • This disorder is now formally referred to as X-linked agammaglobulinemia (XLA), and the gene defect has been mapped to the gene that codes for Bruton tyrosine kinase (Btk) at band Xq21.3. (medscape.com)
  • The BTK gene is large and consists of 19 exons that encode the 659 amino acids that form the Btk cytosolic tyrosine kinase. (medscape.com)
  • Its activation is tightly controlled by numerous other signaling proteins including protein kinase C (PKC), Sab/SH3BP, and caveolin-1. (medscape.com)
  • X-linked agammaglobulinemia (XLA) is an immunodeficiency caused by mutations in the gene coding for Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK) [Väliaho et al. (lu.se)
  • ZAP-70 deficiency is a rare autosomal recessive form of severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) caused by mutations in the gene coding for T cell receptor z-chain associated protein kinase [ Chan et al. (lu.se)
  • Mutations in the PIK3R1 gene encoding phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3-kinase) have been found to cause severe insulin resistance [Baynes et al. (lu.se)
  • In the poster section, Joanna Shisler (University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign [UIUC], Urbana) reported that the modified virus, Ankara, activates nuclear factor κB through the mitogen-activated protein kinase, extracellular signal–regulated kinase (MEK)/extracellular signal–regulated kinase (ERK) pathway, possibly facilitating the host immune response. (cdc.gov)
  • Four of the Center's eight faculty research labs ( Kim , Lin , Reynolds , and Toprak ) are collectively working to elucidate and eventually program this molecular circuitry in the context of metabolic regulation and antibiotic resistance. (utsouthwestern.edu)
  • The aims of this research work were to determine the patterns of antibiotic resistance in Escherichia coli isolates from the meat of wild or domestically reared pigeons from Spain, to detect the presence of virulence and antibiotic resistance genes, and to carry out a phylogenetic classification of the isolates. (mdpi.com)
  • However, it is important to note that roundup ready GM soy does not contain the antibiotic resistance gene, but the only gene that could potentially be transferred to the human digestive system is the bacterial EPSPS gene. (gmo-safety.eu)
  • Central to this investigation is an understanding of what gene products are required and expressed during a natural infection and how this expression changes over time (from initial colonization to causation of disease and spread of the pathogen to new hosts) and space (in different cells or tissues within the host). (cdc.gov)
  • We thus endeavor to understand how the pathogen adapts to the host microenvironment, what selective pressures are acting on the pathogen in each microenvironment, what bacterial factors are responsible for the host damage, and how the immune system is evaded. (cdc.gov)
  • As the bacterial pathogen tries to trick the plant, the Feronia protein sees through the ploy and counteracts the pathogen. (isaaa.org)
  • Variations in transcriptional responses of CE15-encoding genes under different growth conditions suggest nonredundant functions for enzymes found in species with multiple CE15 genes and further illuminate the importance of GEs in native lignin-carbohydrate disassembly. (proteopedia.org)
  • Her main research interests have been the study of Mur ligases from different bacterial species and the search for inhibitors of these enzymes. (degruyter.com)
  • This often involves insertion of a gene of interest into living organisms depending on the species that you are working on. (gmo-safety.eu)
  • Current estimates of the number of bacterial species range from 1 to 1000 million. (lu.se)
  • Bacterial intercellular communication provides a mechanism for signal-dependent regulation of gene expression to promote coordinated population behavior. (mcmaster.ca)
  • who also correctly proposed the general mechanism of regulation by the lac repressor. (proteopedia.org)
  • Although the mechanism of action of VHb is not understood, it has been hypothesized that the heme-protein enables the bacterium to survive in oxygen-limited environments. (caltech.edu)
  • Furthermore, it was observed that VHb expression is under oxygen-dependent control in E. coli, suggesting that the mechanism of regulation of the gene in Vitreoscilla is also functional in E. coli. (caltech.edu)
  • Resistance arises by mutation (influencing the target or efflux of the antimicrobial agent) or by the acquisition of resistance genes (encoding antimicrobial or target alter- ation, or alternate pathways) (2,3). (cdc.gov)
  • Fe addition elicited varying responses by different diatom genera, with more prevalent diatoms experiencing more differential regulation of Fe-responsive pathways and proteins. (uri.edu)
  • No genes belonging to any known E. coli stress response pathways were scored as upregulated. (lu.se)
  • A number of studies have explored how regulation of generally, and at least to a first approximation, it is obvious that metabolic pathways affects the growth rate of microorganisms, gene regulation only is useful if the environmental conditions vary both in the steady state and in response to changes in the local with time. (lu.se)
  • What percentage of time this DNA sequence spends in a kinked state, in the absence of bound lac repressor protein, is not known, but it may be a significant percentage (see next section below). (proteopedia.org)
  • Bacterial cancer therapy was developed using probiotic Escherichia coli Nissle 1917 (EcN) for medical intervention of colorectal cancer. (nature.com)
  • Thermo Scientific aLICator™ LIC Cloning and Expression System is designed for fast and efficient ligation independent cloning and tight regulation of gene expression in E. coli . (thermofisher.com)
  • The pLATE bacterial expression vectors are designed for high levels of target protein expression in concert with minimal background (uninduced) expression, which permits expression of proteins that are toxic to E. coli cells. (thermofisher.com)
  • The tightly regulated expression and fast, efficient directional cloning makes the aLICator LIC Cloning and Expression System the best choice for routine and toxic gene cloning and expression in E. coli . (thermofisher.com)
  • Studies in fed-batch fermentations demonstrated that under oxygen limitation, the presence of the VHb gene on a multicopy plasmid enhanced the growth and respiratory characteristics of a recombinant E. coli host as compared to equivalent plasmid-carrying and plasmid-free cells. (caltech.edu)
  • To identify Escherichia coli genes potentially regulated by filamentous phage infection, we used oligonucleotide microarrays. (lu.se)
  • In the case of the lac operon of E. coli, a well-studied system for whether a gene is regulated. (lu.se)
  • In unicellular organisms like E. coli and yeast, the benefits of between potential cost and benefit, regulation can make the most a well-adapted regulatory system are readily quantified, as the difference to the long-term growth rate if the resource in question fitness of an individual can be estimated by its growth rate in is only available a similarly small fraction of the time. (lu.se)
  • As part of the process of translation, nascent polypeptides transit through a long molecular cavity spanning the large subunit of the ribosome - known as the exit tunnel -- before they are released into the cytoplasm or delivered to the protein translocation machinery. (u-bordeaux.fr)
  • Immunology and Infectious Diseases: Virology, Ribosome Structure & Function and Regulation of Gene Expression. (umd.edu)
  • New CodY independent transcriptional changes were detected including genes involved in the SOS response, iron storage (e.g. ftnA, dps), oxidative stress response (e.g., perR, katA, sodA) and the psmα1-4 and psmß1-2 operons coding for cytotoxic, phenol soluble modulins (PSMs). (nih.gov)
  • Although oxidative stress is common occurrence during bacterial growth and infection, the regulation networks of S. suis under oxidative stress remain poorly understood. (bvsalud.org)
  • Regulation of gene expression by proteins and small RNAs. (otago.ac.nz)
  • Photochrome-mediated regulation of messenger RNAs for the small subunit of ribulose 1, 5-bisphosphate carboxylase and the light-harvesting chlorophyll a/b-protein in Lemna gibba. (wikidata.org)
  • Although DNA methylation is commonly found in the bodies of genes, its biological significance is unclear. (escholarship.org)
  • The known function of SHANK3, its association with neurological diseases, and the persistence of SHANK3 tissue-specific CpG island methylation and gene expression patterns over 75 million years suggests that the intragenic DNA methylation might have a conserved function in gene expression. (escholarship.org)
  • Additionally, we found that 68.2% of intragenic sequences exhibiting tissue-specific DNA methylation identified from a genome-wide screen harbored features of promoters more commonly associated with the 5'-end of genes. (escholarship.org)
  • Previously published work on DNA methylation status in GWI was reanalyzed focusing specifically on the predicted shared targets indicating significant changes in DNA methylation of the associated genes. (cdc.gov)
  • When LEE expression is activated, flagellar gene expression is down-regulated because bacterial flagella induce the immune responses of host cells at the infection stage. (nih.gov)
  • Therefore, this inverse regulation is also important for EHEC infection. (nih.gov)
  • Prior to developing the condition, most people with Guillain-Barré syndrome have a bacterial or viral infection. (medlineplus.gov)
  • and, regulation of biological processes such as chromosomal folding, protein secretion and intracellular signaling. (berkeley.edu)
  • Webb, J. H., Villoutreix, B. O., Dahlbäck, B. and Blom A. M. (2001) Localization of a hydrophobic binding site for protein S on the b-chain of C4BP. (lu.se)
  • Blom, A. M. , Rytkönen, A., Vasquez, P., Dahlbäck, B. and Johnsson, A-B. (2001) A novel interaction between type IV pili of Neisseria gonorrhoeae and complement regulatory protein - C4b-binding protein. (lu.se)
  • Blom A. M. , Kask L. and B. Dahlbäck (2001) Structural requirements for the complement regulatory activities of C4b-binding protein. (lu.se)
  • In this study, we significantly expanded the existing knowledge on CE15 with the in-depth characterization of ten bacterial GEs broadly spanning the phylogenetic tree, and also presented two novel enzyme structures. (proteopedia.org)
  • The new round up soy that is genetically engineered contains a new gene that codes for the EPSPS enzyme. (gmo-safety.eu)
  • Once the EPSPS enzyme is in the chloroplast, the chloroplast transit peptide is eliminated for the gene of interest to function. (gmo-safety.eu)
  • The recombinant protein showed enzyme characteristics similar to that obtained in L. donovani promastigote cytosol. (ias.ac.in)
  • two protein structures were solved, and insights into their regulation and biological roles were gained through gene expression analysis and enzymatic assays on complex biomass. (proteopedia.org)
  • This technology provides a critical tool for the spatiotemporal targeting of potent bacterial therapeutics in a variety of biological and clinical scenarios. (nature.com)
  • His research explores how this "factory" can get jammed and its impact on bacterial survival, unveiling a fundamental biological process. (uah.edu)
  • He then joined the group of Dr. R. Sowdhamini at the National Centre for Biological Sciences in Bangalore as a visiting fellow (2002-2004), where he developed a computational method for identifying functionally important sites in proteins. (u-bordeaux.fr)
  • Thus, arrest peptides are used for metabolite-dependent gene regulation in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes. (u-bordeaux.fr)
  • However, we now have a number of methods that allow identification of genes critical for survival in a host as well as methods that allow direct measurement of gene expression during interaction with a host. (cdc.gov)
  • Pneumococci lacking RafK showed a 50- to 80-fold reduction in expression of the raf operon genes aga (alpha-galactosidase) and rafEFG (raffinose substrate binding and permease genes), and both glucose and sucrose inhibited raffinose uptake through inducer exclusion. (lu.se)
  • In the bacterial metatranscriptome, upregulation of Fe-siderophore uptake genes was observed, possibly indicating increased competition for Fe among the stimulated diatom-associated bacterial community. (uri.edu)
  • Bacterial metatranscriptomes from the P. arenysensis and T. tumida cultures also revealed the expression of the bacterial Fe-siderophore uptake system in both sets of cultures. (uri.edu)
  • Aquaporin-9 Protein Is the Primary Route of Hepatocyte Glycerol Uptake for Glycerol Gluconeogenesis in Mice. (lu.se)
  • Here, the function of regulation is quite clear: expressing energy and carbon, that a number around 0.2% would be the right genes at the right time will enable the cell to make the expected, and that the difference is more or less specific to the lac most of the resources within its reach, by maximizing the uptake operon [7]. (lu.se)
  • We propose a model in which TFs act on a spectrum from specific local control of gene expression to widespread binding with little or no direct impact on proximal genes, and suggest that many prokaryotic TFs bind DNA prolifically yet still home to and directly regulate a limited number of targets. (aiche.org)
  • Researchers can now provide a picture of how proteins regulate genetic expression at the atomic level. (sciencedaily.com)
  • Biochemical and structural features of diverse bacterial glucuronoyl esterases facilitating recalcitrant biomass conversion. (proteopedia.org)
  • Arnling Baath J, Mazurkewich S, Knudsen RM, Poulsen JN, Olsson L, Lo Leggio L, Larsbrink J. Biochemical and structural features of diverse bacterial glucuronoyl esterases facilitating recalcitrant biomass conversion. (proteopedia.org)
  • Kask L., Hillarp A., Ramesh B., Dahlbäck B., and Blom A. M. (2002) Structural requirements for the intra-cellular subunit polymerization of the complement inhibitor C4b-binding protein. (lu.se)
  • These labs are joined by our UTSW Distinguished Fellow, Scott Saunders , who develops revolutionary technology for editing bacterial genomes with unprecedented efficiency to accelerate experimentation. (utsouthwestern.edu)
  • In addition to the PrfA regulon, the Clp stress proteins have an impact on Listeria virulence. (ed.ac.uk)
  • The bacterial endotoxin, lipopolysaccharide (LPS), induces expression of proinflammatory cytokines in the liver, which contribute to altered DME expression. (aspetjournals.org)
  • Surprisingly, LPS had the same effect on cytokines, kinases, NRs, and DME genes in livers of both TIRAP +/+ and TIRAP -/- mice, indicating that TIRAP is not essential for TLR4-mediated suppression of NRs and DMEs in liver. (aspetjournals.org)
  • We report here that a small regulatory RNA (sRNA), Esr41, mediates LEE repression and flagellar gene activation. (nih.gov)
  • At the molecular level, it was found that replacement of glucose by starch has enhanced the relative expression level of ccpA encoding catabolite control protein A. Therefore, the repression of starch utilization by glucose could be probably relieved. (hindawi.com)
  • Gene expression is maximal under microaerobic conditions, and is also influenced by catabolite repression. (caltech.edu)
  • LPS binds to the cell-surface receptor, Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), which initiates a signal transduction cascade, including recruitment of the Toll-interleukin 1 receptor domain-containing adaptor protein (TIRAP). (aspetjournals.org)
  • Portions of this work were in Regulation of Drug Metabolizing Enzymes in Inflammation: Role of the Toll-Like Receptor 4 Signaling Pathway (R. Ghose, D. White, J. Vallejo, and S. J. Karpen), which was presented at Experimental Biology 2007 in Washington, DC, April 28-May 2, 2007. (aspetjournals.org)
  • C/EBPα and the Vitamin D Receptor Cooperate in the Regulation of Cathelicidin in Lung Epithelial Cells. (oregonstate.edu)
  • 2013. Curcumin induces human cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide gene expression through a vitamin D receptor-independent pathway. . (oregonstate.edu)
  • The actual origins of acquired resistance genes are unknown, but environmental microbes, including the strains producing antimicrobial agents, are believed to be important sources (4,5). (cdc.gov)
  • In addition, certain bacterial GEs were able to efficiently cleave esters of galacturonate, a functionality not previously described within the family. (proteopedia.org)
  • By simply decreasing the air supply to cells carrying a VHb-lacZ fusion, [Beta]-galactosidase was expressed to a level of about 10% of total cellular protein in a culture containing 20 g dry cell weight/L. (caltech.edu)
  • A lymphocyte-specific cellular enhancer is located downstream of the joining region in immunoglobulin heavy chain genes. (wikidata.org)
  • Ten of the 12 host genes affected could be grouped into 3 different categories based on cellular function, suggesting a coordinated response. (lu.se)
  • 2015) and the regulation of SecDF2 in low-salinity environments by the arrest peptide VemP. (u-bordeaux.fr)
  • Another regulatory sequence that is introduced into the soy plant is the chloroplast transit peptide gene that is derived from a petunia. (gmo-safety.eu)
  • 2014. Regulation of the human cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide gene by 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 in primary immune cells. . (oregonstate.edu)
  • 2014. Synergistic induction of human cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide gene expression by vitamin D and stilbenoids. . (oregonstate.edu)
  • The gene encoding the VHb polypeptide was isolated from a Vitreoscilla genomic library. (caltech.edu)
  • In the push for new interventions, we have recently taken the first steps towards a complete reconstruction of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) gene regulatory network. (aiche.org)
  • New Facets in Mycobacterium and Malaria parasite biology, Regulation of gene expression. (infinitecourses.com)
  • These results suggest that Esr41 plays important roles in the inverse regulation of LEE and flagellar gene expression. (nih.gov)
  • These two genes play opposite roles in regulation of colistin production. (hindawi.com)
  • The possible role of intracellular Ca 2+ level in the regulation of guanylyl cyclase activity as well as L. donovani infectivity was explored by measuring the intracellular survival of the parasites in mammalian macrophages after treatments, which decrease or elevate the intracellular Ca 2+ . (ias.ac.in)
  • Genes can be regarded as blueprints for all of the molecular machines -normally proteins-that perform the tasks an organism needs for survival. (sciencedaily.com)
  • Interestingly, RNA-seq revealed that G. haimaensis hosts responded to B. pettiboneaei parasitism through significant upregulation of protein and lipid anabolism related genes, and that this parasitism may enhance host mussel nutrient anabolism but inhibit the host's ability to absorb nutrients, thus potentially helping the parasite obtain nutrients from the host. (frontiersin.org)
  • Adaptive intracellular gene expression involved genes that are associated with virulence, the general stress response, cell division, and changes in cell wall structure and included many genes with unknown functions. (essex.ac.uk)
  • The expression of the bacterial genes involved in the different steps of the infectious process--invasion, intracellular multiplication and spreading--is temporally and spatially controlled, thus ensuring the presence of the respective gene products at the right moment and place. (ed.ac.uk)
  • Following elution, the protein readily binds DNA, indicating the protein's high affinity for DNA. (wikipedia.org)
  • The study, to be published in a coming issue of Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS), compares the energy required to break off the interaction with DNA with the energy needed to glide along the DNA and how many times a protein binds back to the same DNA strand before it starts to look elsewhere. (sciencedaily.com)
  • Trouw L., Nilsson S., Goncalvez I., Landberg G. and Blom A. M. (2005) C4b-binding protein binds to necrotic cells and DNA, which limits DNA release and inhibits complement activation. (lu.se)