Nowadays, although of limited use, a trivalent vaccine, which include in its formulation H1N1, H3N2, and, H1N2 swine IAV (SIAV) subtypes, is one of the most applied strategies to reduce SIAV circulation in farms. (bvsalud.org)
In relation to swine IAV intra-host diversity, a total of 239 and 74 SNV were detected within H1N1 and H3N2 subtypes, respectively. (bvsalud.org)
Identification of influenza2
The ever-changing diversity of influenza viruses and the identification of influenza D emphasize the need for more virus surveillance. (cdc.gov)
Around the mid-20th century, identification of influenza sub-types was made possible, allowing accurate diagnosis of transmission to humans. (wikipedia.org)
Swine16
During 2019-2021, we isolated 62 swine influenza A viruses in Belgium and the Netherlands. (cdc.gov)
In Europe, there are 4 swine IAV HA lineages: the HA-1A classical swine lineage including influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 virus (pH1N1), HA-1B human seasonal lineage (H1hu), HA-1C Eurasian avian lineage (H1av), and European human-like H3 lineage ( 1 ). (cdc.gov)
these processes resulted in multiple genotypes with gene segments of swine, avian, and human origin. (cdc.gov)
Two IDV lineages, D/swine/Oklahoma/1334/2011 and D/bovine/Oklahoma/660/2013 (D/660), have been identified in swine and cattle in Europe on the basis of the hemagglutinin-esterase fusion protein (HEF). (cdc.gov)
From those samples, we obtained 62 swine IAVs by virus isolation in MDCK cells. (cdc.gov)
Swine influenza is an infection caused by any of several types of swine influenza viruses. (wikipedia.org)
Swine influenza virus (SIV) or swine-origin influenza virus (S-OIV) refers to any strain of the influenza family of viruses that is endemic in pigs. (wikipedia.org)
The swine influenza virus is common throughout pig populations worldwide. (wikipedia.org)
Symptoms of zoonotic swine flu in humans are similar to those of influenza and of influenza-like illness and include chills, fever, sore throat, muscle pains, severe headache, coughing, weakness, shortness of breath, and general discomfort. (wikipedia.org)
Influenza A is responsible for infecting swine, and was first identified in 1918. (wikipedia.org)
Direct transmission of a swine flu virus from pigs to humans is occasionally possible (zoonotic swine flu). (wikipedia.org)
According to the United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), in humans the symptoms of the 2009 "swine flu" H1N1 virus are similar to influenza and influenza-like illness in general. (wikipedia.org)
The 2009 H1N1 virus is not zoonotic swine flu, as it is not transmitted from pigs to humans, but from person to person through airborne droplets. (wikipedia.org)
Eurasian "avian-like" (EA) swine H1N1 and "human-like" H1N2, highlighting the importance of swine as adaptation host of avian to human IAVs. (bvsalud.org)
However, how vaccination can drive the evolutionary dynamics of swine IAV after coinfection with two subtypes is poorly studied. (bvsalud.org)
SNV were detected along the whole swine IAV genome with important nonsynonymous substitutions on polymerases, surface glycoproteins and nonstructural proteins, which may have an impact on virus replication, immune system escaping and virulence of virus, respectively. (bvsalud.org)
H1N12
Subtyping revealed 34 (54.8%) viruses of the H1N1 subtype, comprising 30 (48.4%) H1avN1av viruses, 3 (4.8%) pH1N1av viruses, and 1 (1.6%) H1huN1av virus. (cdc.gov)
For NA, all isolates of the H1N1 subtype had their NA derived from H1av viruses. (cdc.gov)
Isolates1
Within the H1N2 subtype, 2 isolates derived their NA from N2s and 9 from N2g viruses. (cdc.gov)
H1huN21
The second most dominant subtype was H1N2 with 27 (43.5%) viruses: 13 (21.0%) H1huN2 viruses, 13 (21.0%) pH1N2 viruses, and 1(1.6%) H1avN2 virus. (cdc.gov)
Identified in pigs1
A new genus, influenza D virus (IDV), was identified in pigs in Oklahoma in 2011 ( 2 ). (cdc.gov)
Hemagglutinin1
Within each subtype, multiple hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA) lineages or clades cocirculate. (cdc.gov)
Pigs3
We also detected influenza D in pigs in the Netherlands. (cdc.gov)
Transmission of the virus from pigs to humans is rare, and does not always lead to human illness, often resulting only in the production of antibodies in the blood. (wikipedia.org)
The evolutionary dynamics of SIAV quasispecies were studied in samples collected at different times from 8 vaccinated and 8 nonvaccinated pigs, challenged with H1N2 SIAV. (bvsalud.org)
IAVs3
Influenza A viruses (IAVs) are characterized by having a segmented genome, low proofreading polymerases, and a wide host range. (bvsalud.org)
Influenza A viruses (IAVs) can infect a wide variety of bird and mammal species. (bvsalud.org)
The low proofreading activity of their polymerases and the genomic reassortment between different IAVs subtypes allow them to continuously evolve, constituting a constant threat to human and animal health. (bvsalud.org)
Reassortment1
Regarding the segments found per sample, the simultaneous presence of segments from both subtypes was much lower in vaccinated animals, indicating that the vaccine reduced the likelihood of genomic reassortment events. (bvsalud.org)
Viral3
Proteins associated with the inner surface of the lipid bilayer of the viral envelope. (lookformedical.com)
These proteins have been implicated in control of viral transcription and may possibly serve as the "glue" that binds the nucleocapsid to the appropriate membrane site during viral budding from the host cell. (lookformedical.com)
Protection provided by vaccines is not complete, allowing virus circulation, potentially favoring viral evolution. (bvsalud.org)
Genetic2
Deoxyribonucleic acid that makes up the genetic material of viruses. (lookformedical.com)
The nonsynonymous substitutions proportion found was greater in vaccinated animals suggesting that H1N2 SIAV was under positive selection in this scenario. (bvsalud.org)
Transmission1
Virus shedding is an important means of vertical transmission (INFECTIOUS DISEASE TRANSMISSION, VERTICAL). (lookformedical.com)
Cases1
The district was in the news earlier due to Nipah virus cases. (ceezad.org)
Process of growing viruses in live animals, plants, or cultured cells. (lookformedical.com)
Previously1
The retroviral vector backbone used in this study, pMSGV1, is definitely a derivative of the MSCV-based splice-gag vector (pMSGV), which uses a murine stem cell computer virus (MSCV) long terminal repeat and GLURC has been previously explained [31]. (biotechpatents.org)
Animals1
The H1N2 SIAV quasispecies evolution capacity was evidenced, observing different evolutionary trends in vaccinated and nonvaccinated animals. (bvsalud.org)
Mammalian2
Swine play an important role in the ecology of influenza A viruses because they are susceptible to viruses of both the avian and mammalian lineages. (medscape.com)
The cells of the swine respiratory tract contain receptor sialyloligosaccharides possessing both N -acetylneuraminic acid-α2,3-galactose, which is the preferred receptor for avian influenza viruses and N -acetylneuraminic acid-α2,6-galactose, which is the preferred receptor for mammalian influenza viruses. (medscape.com)
Pandemic2
The two most recent human pandemic influenza A viruses were created through the reassortment of human and avian viruses. (medscape.com)
ML. Comparison of three molecular meth- branches: 1 branch includes the online database with accessible infor- ods used for subtyping of Legionella pneu- human viruses, with the pandemic mation is key for sharing results and mophila strains isolated during an epidemic of legionellosis in Rome. (cdc.gov)
Genome3
They are RNA viruses with a segmented genome that is comprised of eight negative-sense, single-stranded RNA segments. (medscape.com)
The genome also encodes two non-structural proteins (NS1 and NS2) as well as an alternate reading frame protein from PB1 known as PB1-F2. (medscape.com)
Because of the segmented nature of the influenza A virus genome, these viruses are able to undergo reassortment if a single cell is concurrently infected with more than one virus. (medscape.com)
Lineages1
Most of the time, influenza A viruses in different species evolve along separate paths, but occasionally there is interaction between viruses of different lineages. (medscape.com)
Infections1
and human IFN-α11 subtype exerts subtype-specific activation of NK cells to restrict retroviral infections 17 . (nature.com)
Gene segments1
The 6 internal gene segments were derived from pH1 or H1av viruses or a combination of both. (cdc.gov)
Species1
In this context, 10-60 type I IFNs genes have been identified in different amniote species encoding IFNs belonging to at least eight subtypes of IFN-α, -β, -δ, -ε, -κ, -τ, -ω and -ζ. (nature.com)
Human1
In 1957, a novel human-avian H2N2 reassortant virus emerged in the human population. (medscape.com)
Forms1
Matrix protein 1 (M1) is the structural protein of the virus particle while matrix protein 2 (M2) forms an envelope-spanning proton channel. (medscape.com)
Includes1
The polymerase complex includes the PB2, PB1, and PA proteins as well as the nucleoprotein (NP). (medscape.com)