Proteins autoimmune aquaporin 4 aquaporin 4. Medical search. Frequent questions

For more information about laboratory testing for autoimmune neurologic diseases, including detailed information about panel test selection, refer to the ARUP Consult Autoimmune Neurologic Diseases - Antineural Antibody Testing topic. (arupconsult.com)
There are adaptive T-cell and antibody autoimmune responses to myelin-derived peptides in multiple sclerosis (MS) and to aquaporin-4 (AQP4) in neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders (NMOSDs). (guthyjacksonfoundation.org)
Myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG), a membrane proteins portrayed on oligodendrocyte cell areas and on the outermost surface area of myelin sheaths, may be the target for just one such antibody, MOG-IgG. (thinkbeforeyouclickca.org)
Because it was first described, new details about the pathophysiology gained momentum with the invention of an antibody towards Aquaporin-4, a water channel protein that's predominantly discovered within the astrocytes. (joopm.com)
This antibody facilitated rapid and early diagnosis of neuromyelitis optica, and identified a series of other clinical syndromes, including sev ere vomiting and hiccups, to name but one, that was a syndrome of neuromyelitis optica previously unrecognized before discovery of the aquaporin-4 antibody. (sumairafoundation.org)
It uses a completely novel method of flow cytometry developed by Mayo Clinic to identify patient antibody binding to the MOG protein that is expressed on living cells. (mayocliniclabs.com)
One major approach involves using antibody-based tests to diagnose and even predict the onset of various diseases [ 1 , 4 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
MOG antibody disease is an autoimmune disease in which the immune system is attacking the MOG protein, which is expressed on the myelin in your brain, optic nerves, and spinal cord. (wearesrna.org)
The overlapping clinical features of relapsing remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS), aquaporin-4 (AQP4)-antibody (Ab) neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD), and myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG)-Ab disease mean that detection of disease specific serum antibodies is the gold standard in diagnostics. (biomedcentral.com)

Distinctions in phenotype may also be emerging: sufferers with MOG-IgG will have got a milder or much less disabling scientific course weighed against TAPI-2 sufferers with AQP4-IgG and less inclined to be feminine, and association with various other autoimmune disorders is certainly less common. (thinkbeforeyouclickca.org)
Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders (NMOSD) are an inflammation of the central nervous system associated with autoantibodies to aquaporin-4. (ox.ac.uk)
Autoimmune and paraneoplastic neurological disorders: A review of relevant neuroimaging findings. (cuanschutz.edu)
Findings published in PNAS from a study including individuals with neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) suggest that germinal center activity may play a targetable and modifiable role in autoimmune disorders. (neurologylive.com)
Liver fibrosis is a complex disease provoked by a range of chronic injuries to the liver, among which are viral hepatitis, (non-) alcoholic steatohepatitis and autoimmune disorders. (biomedcentral.com)

Yet these proteins, which represent nearly 40 percent of all known proteins, including receptors, channels, and signaling molecules, are essential for cell communication and their malfunctions are implicated in many diseases. (the-scientist.com)
This extensive immune cross-reactivity between SARS-CoV-2 antibodies and different antigen groups may play a role in the multi-system disease process of COVID-19, influence the severity of the disease, precipitate the onset of autoimmunity in susceptible subgroups, and potentially exacerbate autoimmunity in subjects that have pre-existing autoimmune diseases. (frontiersin.org)
Autoimmune neurologic diseases represent a broad category of conditions characterized by immune dysregulation. (arupconsult.com)
Autoimmune neurologic diseases may localize to the peripheral nervous system or central nervous system (CNS). (arupconsult.com)
Advances in defining clinical criteria and immunologic biomarkers of autoimmune diseases such as MS or autoimmune encephalitides coupled with conventional MRI studies and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) have revealed overlapping diseases characterized by autoantibodies against neuronal or glial surface proteins (NMDA receptor, aquaporin 4, or myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein) 1 , 2 and may disclose in the future unclassified autoimmune disorders with yet unknown mechanisms. (neurology.org)
In the accompanying editorial comment, Dr. Finke 4 discusses the type of disease that these patients may have and indicates similar clinical-radiologic dissociations noted in other diseases. (neurology.org)
2 3 4 5 6 ] However, a more recent population-based survey conducted in urban Mangalore has shown a prevalence of 8.3/100,000 for MS and 2.6/100,000 for neuromyelitis optic spectrum diseases (NMOSD). (lww.com)
Other manifestations of immunosuppression, such as the development of autoimmune diseases or malignancies, may also occur with some of these therapies. (medilib.ir)
There is an increasing need for simple, sensitive and rapid technologies for the diagnosis of SjS and other autoimmune diseases. (biomedcentral.com)
Currently there are no serological tests for rapidly detecting autoantibodies associated with autoimmune diseases that also satisfy the growing demand for high analytical sensitivity and reproducibility. (biomedcentral.com)
Horizon is focused on the discovery, development, and commercialization of medicines that address critical needs for people impacted by rare autoimmune and severe inflammatory diseases. (wearesrna.org)
Association Between the Single Nucleotide Polymorphism and the Level of Aquaporin-4 Protein Expression in Han and Minority Chinese with Inflammatory Demyelinating Diseases of the Central Nervous System. (cdc.gov)
Long-Term Outcome of a Series of Patients With Narcolepsy Type 1 and Comorbidity With Immunopathological and Autoimmune Diseases. (cdc.gov)
Microfibrillar-associated protein 4 as a potential marker of acute relapse in inflammatory demyelinating diseases of the central nervous system: Pathological and clinical aspects. (cuanschutz.edu)
They may explain rituximab's clinical efficacy in several autoantibody-mediated diseases and highlight the potential value of direct [germinal center] measurements across autoimmune conditions," Irani et al wrote. (neurologylive.com)
There are many peer-reviewed papers covering the diagnosis of autoimmune diseases, and it is frequently difficult for healthcare professionals to keep up with the literature. (clinlabint.com)
Primary Sjogren's syndrome (pSS) occurs in the absence of other autoimmune diseases and is characterized by keratoconjunctiva sicca (dry eyes) and xerostomia (dry mouth), collectively called the sicca syndrome. (rxharun.com)
In contrast, secondary Sjogren's syndrome presents along with other autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) [ rx] . (rxharun.com)

Neuromyelitis optica (NMO) is an autoimmune demyelinating disease of the central nervous system in which binding of anti-aquaporin-4 (AQP4) autoantibodies (NMO-IgG) to astrocytes causes complement-dependent cytotoxicity (CDC) and inflammation resulting in oligodendrocyte and neuronal injury. (chaen-rcah.ca)

We tested this approach in 12 patients, 8 with MS and 4 with NMOSD. (guthyjacksonfoundation.org)
Primarily, MOG-IgG was associated with childhood-onset multiple sclerosis, but recently it's been within a percentage of sufferers who meet up with the scientific requirements for neuromyelitis optica range disorder (NMOSD) but who absence antibodies against aquaporin 4 IgG (AQP4-IgG). (thinkbeforeyouclickca.org)
Cerebro spinal fluid (CSF) protein ranges had been larger within the NMOSD group. (joopm.com)
Concomitant autoimmune issues had been noticed in six NMOSD sufferers and two OSMS sufferers. (joopm.com)
Elevations of CSF, white cell count and protein were more common in NMOSD. (ox.ac.uk)
One of today's sessions placed the focus squarely on neuromyelitis optica (more recently expanded to be called neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder, or NMOSD), a rare autoimmune disorder of the central nervous system (CNS) in which the spinal cord and/or optic nerves are attacked and damaged by specific antibodies. (mssociety.ca)
All told, investigator Sarosh R. Irani, DPhil, FRCP, FEAN, Head, Oxford Autoimmune Neurology Group, University of Oxford, and colleagues, assessed samples of deep cervical lymph node (dCLN) aspirates (n = 36) and blood (n = 406) from 63 patients with NMOSD. (neurologylive.com)
Interestingly, it seems that about 20% of patients who are seronegative for the aquaporin-4 protein and who have NMOSD features also have antibodies against myelin oligodendrocyte glycoproteins (MOGs). (medscape.com)

Recently, autoimmune pathogenetic mechanisms related to neuromyelitis optica have been considered, based on the occurrence of specific NMO IgG antibodies against aquaporin 4. (csnn.eu)

We conducted an in-human phase 1b clinical trial testing increasing concentrations of autologous tolDCs loaded with peptides from various myelin proteins and from AQP4. (guthyjacksonfoundation.org)
In neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder, the immune system targets aquaporin 4, a protein that is present on astrocytes in the brain and particularly the spinal cord and optic nerves, or myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG), which is present on the myelin of oligodendrocytes in the same areas of the CNS and possibly other targets. (msdmanuals.com)

Only a few biomarkers are available in MS clinical practice, such as cerebrospinal fluid oligoclonal bands and immunoglobulin index, serum anti-aquaporin 4 antibodies, and serum anti-John Cunningham virus antibodies. (clinlabint.com)

Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder is a demyelinating disorder that predominantly affects the eyes and spinal cord but can affect other structures in the central nervous system (CNS) that contain aquaporin 4. (msdmanuals.com)
The authors named this disorder "normal-appearing imaging-associated, neuroimmunologically justified, autoimmune encephalomyelitis. (neurology.org)
Sjögren's syndrome (SjS) is a common autoimmune disorder associated with epithelial inflammation and exocrine gland dysfunction [ 5 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Adult-onset opsoclonus-myoclonus syndrome (OMS) is an autoimmune disorder with paraneoplastic, parainfectious, or idiopathic etiologies. (neurology.org)
We describe a patient in whom an autoimmune CNS disorder isolated to OMS arose in the context of rituximab treatment administered for refractory autoimmune dysautonomia. (neurology.org)
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune demyelinating disorder of the central nervous system. (clinlabint.com)
Sjogren's Syndrome Treatment/Sjogren's syndrome (SS) is an autoimmune disorder caused by the lymphocytic infiltration of exocrine glands resulting in glandular dysfunction, preferentially of the salivary and lacrimal glands [ rx] . (rxharun.com)

Astrocytes and oligodendrocytes are damaged by autoimmune-mediated inflammation as well as demyelination. (msdmanuals.com)
Inflammation and regeneration 2022 4 42 (1): 10. (cdc.gov)
It is an autoimmune disease characterised by chronic inflammation, demyelination, gliosis (plaques or scarring) and neuronal loss with relapsing or progressive course. (vjim.org)
Inflammation is known to exacerbate AD pathogenesis [ 4 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

Autoimmune glial fibrillary acidic protein astrocytopathy (A-GFAP-A) is a newly discovered autoimmune nervous system disease involving the brain, spinal cord, meninges and optic nerve. (biomedcentral.com)
Autoimmune glial fibrillary acidic protein astrocytopathy is a form of monophasic or relapsing steroid-responsive meningoencephalomyelitis often accompanied by a hallmark radial periventricular brain MRI enhancement pattern and inflammatory cerebrospinal fluid with lymphocytic pleocytosis. (medlink.com)

ARUP's serum or CSF Autoimmune Neurologic Disease With Reflex panels can be used for the evaluation of patients with subacute onset of neurologic symptoms with possible autoimmune etiology. (arupconsult.com)
Serum insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I and IGF-binding protein-3 concentrations and prostate cancer risk: results from the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition. (mdc-berlin.de)
The use of CXCL1 as a BD biomarker was further validated at the protein level using both a BD iPSC-HPC-based assay system and BD patient serum samples. (clinlabint.com)

5 Further studies are needed to characterize this category of MRI-negative autoimmune encephalitis, which perhaps in the future may be defined by yet unknown immunologic biomarkers. (neurology.org)
Post herpes simplex virus (HSV) autoimmune encephalitis has been reported mainly in association with NMDA receptor antibodies, however, never with Caspr2 antibodies. (biomedcentral.com)
We report an 82-year old female patient with encephalitis who presented with aphasia, left temporo-mesial hyperintense lesion on MRI, epileptiform discharges on spot electroencephalography, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) lymphocytic pleocytosis and who showed positive HSV polymerase chain reaction in CSF as well as antibodies against contactin-associated protein-like 2 (Caspr2). (biomedcentral.com)

We believe the answer is probable, since some of the systemic disease clinical manifestations of COVID-19 cannot be explained solely by the binding of SARS-CoV-2 spike proteins with cell membranes of tissues that exhibit angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2). (frontiersin.org)
6 used PET to investigate the relationship of in vivo microglial activation to clinical and MRI parameters in MS. Microglia activation is associated with increased levels of the 18-kDa translocator protein, which the authors measured with the PET tracer [11C]( R )-PK11195. (neurology.org)
Numerous clinical trials conducted in participants living with relapsing MS and PPMS have contributed to the understanding of MS pathogenesis allowing for development and management of this heterogeneous disease through targeted disease modifying therapies (DMTs) as the stochastic nature of symptoms evolve [ 4 ]. (medsci.org)
4% of total incidence of MS. The clinical course is rapid and often fatal. (vjim.org)

Neurofilament light chain (NfL) is a neuronal cytoplasmic protein highly expressed in large calibre myelinated axons. (bmj.com)
NfL is a subunit of neurofilaments (Nfs), which are cylindrical proteins exclusively located in the neuronal cytoplasm ( figure 1 ). (bmj.com)

To compare these panels and the antibodies included, refer to ARUP Autoimmune Neurology Panel Components . (arupconsult.com)
This is a very interesting phenomenon and quite unusual in the field of autoimmune neurology. (mayocliniclabs.com)
Neurology India 0 70 (4): 1481-1486. (cdc.gov)
Iranian journal of child neurology 2023 4 17 (2): 143-147. (cdc.gov)

By excising flexible regions of human aquaporin 4, a water channel implicated in the ALS-like autoimmune disease neuromyelitis optica, we obtained a high-resolution structure. (the-scientist.com)
Abstract: Neuromyelitis optica (NMO) is an inflammatory disease of the central nervous system (CNS) of putative autoimmune aetiology, which is characterized by severe attacks of myelitis and optic neuritis (ON). (unicamp.br)
The NMO is autoimmune in nature and antibodies to Aquaporin 4 (AQP4) are associated with the development of the disease. (unicamp.br)
Sjögren's syndrome (SjS) is a relatively common autoimmune disease characterized by oral and ocular dryness. (biomedcentral.com)
Alzheimer's disease (AD), the most common form of dementia, is characterized by the accumulation of amyloid β (Aβ) and hyperphosphorylated tau protein aggregates. (biomedcentral.com)
Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory autoimmune skin disease, characterized by the formation of erythematous scaly plaques on the skin and joints. (clinlabint.com)
Behçet's disease (BD) is a chronic inflammatory and multisystemic autoimmune disease of unknown etiology. (clinlabint.com)
Sjögren's syndrome is a chronic inflammatory autoimmune disease of unknown origin, attacking, in particular, the tear and salivary glands. (rxharun.com)
His research focuses on what provokes relapses and remissions in multiple sclerosis (MS), and on the quest for antigen specific therapy in autoimmune disease. (neuroimmune.org)

Autoimmune GFAP astrocytopathy manifests as a meningoencephalomyelitis (or limited form thereof) with dramatic steroid-responsiveness. (medlink.com)
Autoimmune GFAP astrocytopathy presentation is subacute (over days to a few weeks). (medlink.com)

Accumulation of these mediators culminates in chronic neuroinflammation that exacerbates AD pathogenesis [ 4 , 10 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

4(6): 812-828, 2023 06. (bvsalud.org)
2023 Fall;35(4):321-322. (cuanschutz.edu)

The challenges of crystallizing membrane proteins-and how they're being overcome Computer artwork of a G protein-coupled receptor in the lipid bilayer of a plasma membrane Medi-Mation Ltd / Photo Researchers Membrane proteins represent only a handful of the total number of protein structures defined to date. (the-scientist.com)
Membrane proteins represent only a handful of the total number of protein structures defined to date. (the-scientist.com)
X-ray crystallography-still the only general method for solving the atomic structures of proteins of any size-has been hampered by the extreme difficulty of preparing and crystallizing pure membrane proteins. (the-scientist.com)
The choice of detergent used to isolate membrane proteins can also have a profound effect on their ability to crystallize. (the-scientist.com)
Because many membrane proteins are expressed by multiple species, homologous genes should be tested and screened to identify proteins that are most amenable to crystallization. (the-scientist.com)

between January 2013 and Dec 2016 the NMO program, january 4 and evaluation was finished, 2017. (thinkbeforeyouclickca.org)

A typical cerebrospinal fluid finding is increased total protein without oligoclonal bands, sometimes with mild pleocytosis. (csnn.eu)

Over the past two decades, the development of targeted immunotherapeutics for relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis has been successfully orchestrated through the efficacious modulation of neuroinflammatory outcomes demonstrated in the experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) model. (medsci.org)

HLA-DR is a heterodimeric transmembrane protein composed of alpha and beta subunits and plays an important role in the presentation of peptides to CD4+ T lymphocytes. (thermofisher.com)

it targeted a protein called aquaporin-4, a water channel protein on the surface of a supporting cell in the central nervous system called and astrocyte. (sumairafoundation.org)

This review focuses on emerging topics encompassing the functional involvement of aquaporin channel proteins (AQPs) and membrane transport systems, also allowing permeation of NO and hydrogen peroxide, a major ROS, in oxidative stress physiology and pathophysiology. (hindawi.com)

In general, globular proteins and albumin are in lower concentration in ventricular CSF compared to lumbar or cisternal fluid. (wikipedia.org)

1, 4, 7, 8 A clinician should further narrow the diagnosis based on the timing of symptoms and associated features (Below). (clevelandclinic.org)
Since the publication of the original McDonald criteria[3] and subsequent iterations,[4, 5] radiological endpoints have become central in the diagnosis of MS. (medscape.com)

We sought to determine whether immune reactivity occurs between anti-SARS-CoV-2 protein antibodies and human tissue antigens, and whether molecular mimicry between COVID-19 viral proteins and human tissues could be the cause. (frontiersin.org)
The functional status and medical fragility of the patient - Studies have shown that hospitalized patients, those with poor functional status or comorbid conditions, and older adults are more likely to develop immune complications when treated with glucocorticoids, and this is likely to be the case for other immunosuppressant drugs [ 4 ]. (medilib.ir)
when these proteins bind to pattern recognition receptors in microglia and astroglia, they trigger an innate immune response characterized by the release of inflammatory mediators. (biomedcentral.com)

Exon 1 encodes the leader peptide, exons 2 and 3 encode the two extracellular domains, and exon 4 encodes the transmembrane domain and the cytoplasmic tail. (thermofisher.com)
Long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) is a class of transcripts that contains more than 200 nucleotides, but it cannot encode proteins. (researchsquare.com)

However, there is no way of knowing in advance which species or expression method is going to yield a well-behaved protein. (the-scientist.com)
The Western blot methodology was used to find out the protein expression of GluR1 within the injured space. (joopm.com)

Genetics 2018 2 4 (1): e213. (cdc.gov)

We found that SARS-CoV-2 antibodies had reactions with 28 out of 55 tissue antigens, representing a diversity of tissue groups that included barrier proteins, gastrointestinal, thyroid and neural tissues, and more. (frontiersin.org)

At physiological levels, ROS can improve cellular activities as they are involved in the control of the chemical balance and synaptic plasticity [ 4 ], whereas an excess amount of ROS can damage the endothelium, leading to alteration of the intracellular reduction-oxidation homeostasis [ 5 ]. (hindawi.com)

One example comes from Raymond Stevens and colleagues at the Scripps Research Institute who discovered that lipids were essential for determining the structure of a G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) that responds to adrenaline. (the-scientist.com)

In this mechanism, antibodies formed against SARS-CoV-2 would also bind to human tissue proteins leading to autoimmune reactivity. (frontiersin.org)

The problem is a practical one: hydrophilic proteins, such as those in the cytoplasm, can form crystals in solution. (the-scientist.com)

Indeed, astrocytic end feet, express the most AQP-4 channels in the entire CNS, playing a key role in brain activation and deactivation ( Mader and Brimberg, 2019 ). (raypeatforum.com)

Anatomy18

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