Proteins protein subunits. Medical search. Frequent questions

This gene encodes a protein phosphatase 1 binding protein. (nih.gov)
The encoded protein plays a role in many cellular processes including cell cycle progression, DNA repair and apoptosis by regulating the activity of protein phosphatase 1. (nih.gov)
Upregulation of Phosphatase 1 Nuclear-Targeting Subunit (PNUTS) Is an Independent Predictor of Poor Prognosis in Prostate Cancer. (nih.gov)
Phosphatase 1 Nuclear Targeting Subunit (PNUTS) Regulates Aurora Kinases and Mitotic Progression. (nih.gov)
MYC dephosphorylation by the PP1/PNUTS phosphatase complex regulates chromatin binding and protein stability. (nih.gov)
Biophysical Analysis of the N-Terminal Domain from the Human Protein Phosphatase 1 Nuclear Targeting Subunit PNUTS Suggests an Extended Transcription Factor TFIIS-Like Fold. (nih.gov)
protein phosphatase 2, regulatory subunit. (wikigenes.org)

In some protein assemblies, one subunit may be a "catalytic subunit" that enzymatically catalyzes a reaction, whereas a "regulatory subunit" will facilitate or inhibit the activity. (wikipedia.org)
An enzyme composed of both regulatory and catalytic subunits when assembled is often referred to as a holoenzyme. (wikipedia.org)
For example, class I phosphoinositide 3-kinase is composed of a p110 catalytic subunit and a p85 regulatory subunit. (wikipedia.org)
Receptor-stimulated guanine-nucleotide-triphosphate binding to guanine-nucleotide-binding regulatory proteins. (eurekamag.com)
The data thus provide evidence for an essential difference between GTP[S] and p[NH]ppG binding to guanine-nucleotide-binding regulatory proteins and suggest that, in addition to the nucleotide-exchange reaction, a (thio)phosphate-group-transfer process via guanine-nucleotide-binding regulatory protein beta subunits is involved in the receptor-stimulated binding of guanine nucleotide triphosphates to guanine-nucleotide-binding regulatory proteins. (eurekamag.com)
Expression and phosphorylation of the na-pump regulatory subunit phospholemman in heart failure. (rush.edu)

The G protein beta subunit is essential for multiple responses to chemoattractants in Dictyostelium. (rupress.org)
Role of the beta-subunit arginine/lysine finger in integrin heterodimer formation and function. (rush.edu)

Deletion of the hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated channel auxiliary subunit TRIP8b impairs hippocampal Ih localization and function and promotes antidepressant behavior in mice. (rush.edu)
á2ä-1 is an auxiliary subunit of the voltage-gated calcium channels, and it regulates the trafficking and functions of the channel complex. (ucl.ac.uk)

Increasing evidence suggests that the beta gamma-subunit dimers of heterotrimeric G proteins play a pivotal role in transducing extracellular signals. (rupress.org)

Fusion protein Subunit vaccine Protein quaternary structure Allostery Cooperativity Monomer Stoker, H. Stephen (1 January 2015). (wikipedia.org)
This is the expected M(r) for the fusion protein subunit. (lu.se)

Treatment with NU7026 did not alter the production of reactive oxygen species and oxidative stress by hydroquinone but repressed the protein level of DNA-PKcs and blocked the induction of the kinase mRNA and protein expression by hydroquinone. (cdc.gov)

Based on primary sequence comparisons, β subunits are predicted to be modular structures composed of five domains (A-E) that are related to the large family of membrane-associated guanylate kinase proteins. (jneurosci.org)
Synthetic peptide corresponding to aa 281-294 (M 281 HRQET(PSO 3 )VDCLKKFN 294 ) of the α-subunit of mouse and rat CaM kinase II (Ca 2+ /Calmodulin-dependent Protein Kinase II) thiophosphorylated at (Thr 286 ). (enzolifesciences.com)
Recognizes the phosphorylated α-subunit of CaM kinase II. (enzolifesciences.com)
This antibody does not detect the non-phosphorylated α-subunit of rat CaM kinase II nor the ~60kDa β-subunit in either phosphorylation state. (enzolifesciences.com)
Inhibition of DNA-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit by small molecule inhibitor NU7026 sensitizes human leukemic K562 cells to benzene metabolite-induced apoptosis. (cdc.gov)
We have previously reported that exposure of workers to benzene and to benzene metabolite hydroquinone in cultured cells induced DNA-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit (DNA-PKcs) to mediate the cellular response to DNA double strand break (DSB) caused by DNA-damaging metabolites. (cdc.gov)

Single chains of amino acids that are the units of multimeric PROTEINS. (rush.edu)

Summary The ability of oligomeric membrane proteins to assemble in different functional ratios of subunits is a common feature across many systems. (elsevierpure.com)

Although telomerase has telomerase reverse transcriptase as a catalytic subunit, regulation is accomplished by factors outside the protein. (wikipedia.org)
Rdr1 catalytic activity is retained in RDRCs purified from cell extracts lacking any of the nonessential RDRC subunits (Rdn2, Rdf1, Rdf2) or if the RDRC harbors a catalytically inactive Rdn. (nih.gov)

A polypeptide chain has one gene coding for it - meaning that a protein must have one gene for each unique subunit. (wikipedia.org)
The N-terminal A domain differs among the four subtypes of Ca 2+ channel β subunits (β 1 -β 4 ) primarily as the result of two duplications of an ancestral gene containing multiple alternatively spliced exons. (jneurosci.org)
Binger L.C., Willis J.H. (1994) Identification of the cDNA, gene and promoter for a major protein from flexible cuticles of the giant silkmoth Hyalophora cecropia , Insect Biochem. (apidologie.org)
Charles J.-P., Chihara C., Nejad S., Riddiford L.M. (1998) Identification of proteins and developmental expression of RNAs encoded by the 65A cuticle protein gene cluster in Drosophila melanogaster , Insect Biochem. (apidologie.org)
Lampe D.J., Willis J.H. (1994) Characterization of a cDNA and gene encoding a cuticular protein from rigid cuticles of the giant silkmoth, Hyalophora cecropia , Insect Biochem. (apidologie.org)
Nakato H., Izumi S., Tomino S. (1992) Structure and expression of gene coding for a pupal cuticle protein of Bombyx mori , Biochim. (apidologie.org)
Izumi S., Tomino S. (1994) Structure and developmental expression of a larval cuticle protein gene of the silkworm, Bombyx mori , Biochim. (apidologie.org)
note = "Funding Information: We thank Chris Garcia at Stanford University for providing the pVLAD6 vector, Jon Lindstrom at the University of Pennsylvania for providing nicotinic receptor subunits, Roger Tsien at UCSD for providing the mCherry gene, Henry Lester at Caltech for providing the GluCl gene, and both Alexander Sobolevsky and Peter Sims at Columbia University for helpful discussion. (elsevierpure.com)
The GNAQ gene provides instructions for making a protein called guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(q) subunit alpha (Gαq). (medlineplus.gov)
The GNAQ gene mutation associated with Sturge-Weber syndrome changes a single building block (amino acid) in the Gαq protein. (medlineplus.gov)
The GNAQ gene mutations in uveal melanoma result in an overactive protein, which leads to excessive signaling. (medlineplus.gov)

Longer multimeric proteins such as microtubules and other cytoskeleton proteins may consist of very large numbers of subunits. (wikipedia.org)
For example, dynein is a multimeric protein complex involving two heavy chains (DHCs), two intermediate chains (ICs), two light-intermediate chains (LICs) and several light chains (LCs). (wikipedia.org)
Multimeric proteins can be composed of identical or non-identical subunits. (rush.edu)
Substructures of multimeric PROTEINS. (bvsalud.org)

To characterize the low-molecular-weight glutenin subunit (LMW-GS), we developed specific PCR primer sets to distinguish 12 groups of LMW-GS genes of Norin 61 and to decide their loci with nullisomic-tetrasomic lines of Chinese Spring. (unboundmedicine.com)
Theoretische und angewandte Genetik JO - Theor Appl Genet VL - 112 IS - 2 N2 - To characterize the low-molecular-weight glutenin subunit (LMW-GS), we developed specific PCR primer sets to distinguish 12 groups of LMW-GS genes of Norin 61 and to decide their loci with nullisomic-tetrasomic lines of Chinese Spring. (unboundmedicine.com)
Apple R.T., Fristrom J.W. (1991) 20-hydroxyecdys-one is required for, and negatively regulates, transcription of Drosophila pupal cuticle protein genes, Dev. (apidologie.org)
Dotson E.M., Cornel A.J., Willis J.H., Collins F.H. (1998) A family of pupal-specific cuticular protein genes in the mosquito Anopheles gambiae , Insect Biochem. (apidologie.org)

In structural biology, a protein subunit is a polypeptide chain or single protein molecule that assembles (or "coassembles") with others to form a protein complex. (wikipedia.org)
One subunit is made of one polypeptide chain. (wikipedia.org)
With 20 different polypeptide chains, the 30 S subunit adds significantly to our data base of RNA structure and protein-RNA interactions. (caltech.edu)

There are two types of COVID-19 vaccines available in the United States: mRNA vaccines and protein subunit vaccines. (cdc.gov)
mRNA vaccines use mRNA created in a laboratory to teach our cells how to make a protein-or even just a piece of a protein-that triggers an immune response inside our bodies. (cdc.gov)
Protein subunit vaccines contain pieces (proteins) of the virus that causes COVID-19. (cdc.gov)
Both messenger RNA (mRNA) and protein subunit COVID-19 vaccines work by delivering instructions (genetic material) to your cells to start building protection against the virus that causes COVID-19. (cdc.gov)

The thiophosphorylation state of this protein was regulated by guanine nucleotides, Mg2+ and, most importantly, by activated formyl-peptide receptors. (eurekamag.com)

The tool works with standard single letter nucleotide or protein codes including ambiguities and can match Prosite patterns in protein sequences. (nih.gov)

Estrogen Effects on Actin Cytoskeletal and Endocytic Proteins Associated With Tubulobulbar Complex Disruption in Rat Testes. (creativebiomart.net)
The biochemical and biological phenotypes of RDRC subunit disruption reveal a previously unanticipated complexity of Rdr-dependent sRNA biogenesis in vivo. (nih.gov)

Novavax COVID-19 vaccine is a protein subunit vaccine. (cdc.gov)
The spike protein of SARS-CoV--a target for vaccine and therapeutic development. (who.int)

Ribosomal proteins (RPs) play important roles in modulating the MDM2-p53 pathway. (elifesciences.org)
We present a detailed analysis of the protein structures in the 30 S ribosomal subunit from Thermus thermophilus, and their interactions with 16 S RNA based on a crystal structure at 3.05 Å resolution. (caltech.edu)
Many ribosomal proteins share similar α+β sandwich folds, but we show that the topology of this domain varies considerably, as do the ways in which the proteins interact with RNA. (caltech.edu)
Analysis of the protein-RNA interactions in the context of ribosomal assembly shows that the primary binders are globular proteins that bind at RNA multihelix junctions, whereas proteins with long extensions assemble later. (caltech.edu)
Polyclonal rabbit antibodies raised against recombinant Rpp14 and Rpp29 recognize their corresponding antigens in HeLa cells and precipitate catalytically active RNase P. Rpp29 shows 23% identity with Pop4p, a subunit of yeast nuclear RNase P and the ribosomal RNA processing enzyme RNase MRP. (elsevierpure.com)

Human proteins, cDNA and human recombinants are used in human reactive ELISA kits and to produce anti-human mono and polyclonal antibodies. (pp1b.com)
Systematic subcellular localization of novel proteins identified by large-scale cDNA sequencing. (nih.gov)

Kiely M.L., Riddiford L.M. (1985) Temporal programming of epidermal cell protein synthesis during the larval-pupal transformation of Manduca sexta , Wilhelm Roux's, Arch. (apidologie.org)
Ochieng V.O., Osir E.O., Ochanda J.O., Olembo N.K. (1993) Temporal synthesis of cuticle proteins during larval development in Glossina morsitans , Comp. (apidologie.org)
Palli S.R., Locke M. (1987) The synthesis of hemolymph-proteins by the larval epidermis of an insect Calpodes ethlius (Lepidoptera, Hesperiidae), Insect Biochem. (apidologie.org)
The dimer abrin, is composed of two protein subunits, A and B. Working as a chemical team, B enables the molecule ingress into the cell, while once inside, the A subunit inhibits the process of protein synthesis. (cdc.gov)

One or more monomeric subunits may compose a protomer which itself is a subunit structure of a larger assembly. (rush.edu)

Ca 2+ channel β subunits regulate cell-surface expression and gating of voltage-dependent Ca 2+ channel α1 subunits. (jneurosci.org)
it still remains to be determined if there are more proteins that can regulate the RPs-MDM2-p53 pathway. (elifesciences.org)
The activated Gαq protein then separates from the protein complex and activates signaling pathways that help to regulate the development and function of blood vessels. (medlineplus.gov)

The expression, production and antigenic characterization of CAV viral proteins such as VP1, VP2 and VP3, and their use in the development of diagnostic kit would be useful for CAV infection prevention. (biomedcentral.com)
To carry out the further antigenic characterization of the immunorelevant domains of the VP2 and VP3 proteins, five recombinant VP2 subunit proteins (VP2-435N, VP2-396N, VP2-345N, VP2-171C and VP2-318C) and three recombinant VP3 subunit proteins (VP3-123N, VP3-246M, VP3-366C), spanning the defined regions of VP2 and VP3 were separately produced by an E. coli expression system. (biomedcentral.com)

Dive into the research topics of 'Rpp14 and Rpp29, two protein subunits of human ribonuclease P'. Together they form a unique fingerprint. (elsevierpure.com)

Thus, human RNase P differs in the details of its protein composition, and perhaps in the functions of some of these proteins, from the yeast enzyme. (elsevierpure.com)

Naturally occurring proteins that have a relatively small number of subunits are referred to as oligomeric. (wikipedia.org)
Recombinant expression of hetero-oligomeric proteins with defined stoichiometries facilitates detailed structural and functional analyses, but remains a major challenge. (elsevierpure.com)

The kinetics of CS1 and MDH1 activities of the fusion protein were compared to those of the free enzymes. (lu.se)

Laemmli U.K. (1970) Cleavage of structural proteins during the assembly of the head of bacteriophage T4, Nature 227, 680-685. (apidologie.org)

The purified recombinant CAV VP1, VP2 and VP3 proteins were then used as antigens in order to evaluate their reactivity against chicken sera using indirect ELISA. (biomedcentral.com)
Purified recombinant VP2-396N and VP2-345N subunit proteins, which span defined regions of VP2, were demonstrated to have good antigenicity and higher sensitivities than VP3-246M and were able to recognize CAV-positive chicken serum using an ELISA assay. (biomedcentral.com)
The defined antigenicity potential of these chimeric subunit proteins produced by expression in E. coli seem to have potential and could be useful in the future for the development of the CAV diagnostic tests based on a subunit protein ELISA system. (biomedcentral.com)

Age-related alterations in GABA(A) receptor subunits in the nonhuman primate hippocampus. (rush.edu)
Secondly, it was investigated wheather another protein: the low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR)-related protein-1 (LRP1) could also interact with á2ä-1 and TSP. (ucl.ac.uk)
When the protein complex is bound to a receptor, the Gαq protein binds to a molecule called GTP and is turned on (activated). (medlineplus.gov)

Molecular cloning and expression of subunit 9 of the 26S proteasome.Hoffman L., Rechsteiner M.FEBS Lett. (joplink.net)
Nakato H., Toriyama M., Izumi S., Tomino S. (1990) Structure and expression of mRNA for a pupal cuticle protein of the silkworm, Bombyx mori , Insect Biochem. (apidologie.org)
Dougherty KA, Nicholson DA, Diaz L, Buss EW, Neuman KM, Chetkovich DM, Johnston D. Differential expression of HCN subunits alters voltage-dependent gating of h-channels in CA1 pyramidal neurons from dorsal and ventral hippocampus. (rush.edu)
Violin plots show distribution of expression levels for T-complex protein subunit epsilon (SMED30018729) in cells (dots) of each of the 12 neoblast clusters. (stowers.org)
Expression of T-complex protein subunit epsilon (SMED30018729) in the t-SNE clustered sub-lethally irradiated X1 and X2 cells. (stowers.org)
Violin plots show distribution of expression levels for T-complex protein subunit epsilon (SMED30018729) in cells (dots) of each of the 10 clusters of sub-leathally irradiated X1 and X2 cells. (stowers.org)
When these methods are coupled, they allow for efficient dissection of the heteromer stoichiometry problem and optimization of homogeneous protein expression. (elsevierpure.com)
Proteomic analyses reveal lower expression of TEX40 and ATP6V0A2 proteins related to calcium ion entry and acrosomal acidification in asthenozoospermic males. (nih.gov)
Lastly, hydroquinone and NU7026 exhibited synergistic effects on promoting apoptosis by increasing the protein levels of pro-apoptotic proteins Bax and caspase-3 but decreasing the protein expression of anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2. (cdc.gov)

GTPase domain of the 54-kD subunit of the mammalian signal recognition particle is required for protein translocation but not for signal sequence binding. (escholarship.org)
The GTPase-containing subunits of heterotrimeric GTP-binding proteins. (jefferson.edu)
Hydrolysis of GTP by the inherent GTPase activity of the subunit causes it to revert to its inactive (heterotrimeric) form. (jefferson.edu)

When dissociated from the heterotrimeric complex these subunits interact with a variety of second messenger systems. (jefferson.edu)

The 54-kD subunit of the signal recognition particle (SRP54) binds to signal sequences of nascent secretory and transmembrane proteins. (escholarship.org)
Analysis of the signal sequence binding activity of free SRP54 and SRP54M supports the conclusion that SRP54M binds signal sequences with lower affinity than the intact protein. (escholarship.org)
This complex attaches (binds) to other proteins called G protein coupled receptors. (medlineplus.gov)

Protein Subunits" is a descriptor in the National Library of Medicine's controlled vocabulary thesaurus, MeSH (Medical Subject Headings) . (rush.edu)

Short-term regulation of excitation-contraction coupling by the beta1a subunit in adult mouse skeletal muscle. (rush.edu)

Santos A.E., Bitondi M.M.G., Simões Z.L.P. (2001) Hormone-dependent protein patterns in integument and cuticular pigmentation in Apis mellifera during pharate adult development, J. Insect Physiol. (apidologie.org)

The Gαq protein converts GTP to a similar molecule called GDP, which turns off (inactivates) the protein. (medlineplus.gov)

For example, hemoglobin is a symmetrical arrangement of two identical α-globin subunits and two identical β-globin subunits. (wikipedia.org)
The subunits of a protein complex may be identical, homologous or totally dissimilar and dedicated to disparate tasks. (wikipedia.org)

To identify the proteins containing the corresponding amino acid sequences, we determined the N-terminal amino acid sequence of 12 spots of LMW-GSs of Norin 61 separated by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2DE). (unboundmedicine.com)
The N-terminal sequences of the LMW-GS spots showed that 10 of 12 groups of LMW-GSs were expressed as protein products, which included LMW-i, LMW-m, and LMW-s types. (unboundmedicine.com)

Distinct RDRCs assemble to contain Rdr1 and subsets of the total of four tightly Rdr1-associated proteins. (nih.gov)

It then reattaches to the trimeric G protein complex, turning off the signaling pathways. (medlineplus.gov)
As a result, the protein is always active, and signaling pathways controlled by it are constantly turned on. (medlineplus.gov)

Anatomy24

Organisms14

Chemicals and Drugs121

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment35

Phenomena and Processes60

Disciplines and Occupations3

Technology, Industry, Agriculture1

Information Science5

Health Care1

Phosphatase7

Regulatory6

Beta subunit2

Auxiliary subunit2

Heterotrimeric G protei1

Fusion protein Subunit2

MRNA and protein expression1

Kinase6

Amino Acids1

Membrane Proteins1

Catalytic2

Gene11

Multimeric4

Genes4

Polypeptide3

Vaccines4

Guanine1

Nucleotide1

Disruption2

Vaccine2

Ribosomal5

CDNA2

Synthesis4

Monomeric1

Regulate3

Characterization2

Unique fingerprint1

Enzyme1

Oligomeric2

Kinetics1

Structural1

ELISA3

Receptor3

Expression9

GTPase3

Interact1

Binds3

Descriptor1

Regulation1

Patterns1

Molecule1

Identical2

Sequences2

Assemble1

Pathways2