• BALF cytokines and chemokines were elevated with MWCNT exposure, but CCL2, CXCL1, and CXCL10 showed reduced responses to MWCNT in older mice. (cdc.gov)
  • We observed that spike (S) protein potently induces inflammatory cytokines and chemokines including IL-6, IL-1ß, TNFa, CXCL1, CXCL2, and CCL2, but not IFNs in human and mouse macrophages. (biorxiv.org)
  • When stimulated with extracellular S protein, human lung epithelial cells A549 also produce inflammatory cytokines and chemokines. (biorxiv.org)
  • We simultaneously measured the expression of 32 inflammatory cytokines and chemokines in the cerebella from these mice, including those identified in our genome-wide analyses. (biomedcentral.com)
  • These final results reflect the upstream sign cascades that could guide to secretion of inflammatory cytokines and chemokines. (ack1inhibitor.com)
  • Cytokines and chemokines are central mediators during hostpathogen interactions, which include the clearance of invading microorganisms, as well as the initiation, development, and resolution of irritation in reaction to numerous microbes. (ack1inhibitor.com)
  • Microglia and macrophages are recruited to sites of retinal degeneration where local cytokines and chemokines determine protective or neurotoxic microglia responses. (ox.ac.uk)
  • The integration of pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) from microorganisms with their surface receptors in the immune cells, induces the production of several cytokines and chemokines that presents either a pro- and/or anti-inflammatory role by stimulating the secretion of a great variety of antibody subtypes and the activation of mechanisms of controlling the disease, such as the regulatory T cells. (bvsalud.org)
  • Background Chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2), also called monocyte chemoattractant proteins-1 (MCP-1), is one of the CC chemokine family members that is from the disease position and final results of osteoarthritis (OA). (careersfromscience.org)
  • Monocyte chemoattractant proteins 1 (MCP-1)/chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2), a ligand of CCR2, can be chemotactic for monocyte/macrophages and turned on T cells [10], [11]. (careersfromscience.org)
  • It is known that C-C motif chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2) is a chemokine which facilitates monocyte movement and positioning. (kcl.ac.uk)
  • Untreated M0 macrophages have low levels of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1/C-C motif chemokine ligand 2 (MCP-CCL2) and interleukin (IL)-6. (news-medical.net)
  • Acts as a ligand for C-C chemokine receptor CCR2 (PubMed:9837883, PubMed:10587439, PubMed:10529171). (icr.ac.uk)
  • Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1, also called chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2, CCL2) is a chemokine that recruits monocytes, memory T cells, and dendritic cells to the sites of inflammation produced by either tissue injury or infection. (quanterix.com)
  • MIP-3β (macrophage inflammatory protein-3-beta ), also known as (Chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 19 (CCL19) and EBI1 ligand chemokine (ELC) is a small cytokine belonging to the CC chemokine family. (quanterix.com)
  • The researchers analyzed the tear fluid collected for concentration of α synuclein, CC chemokine ligand 2 (CCL-2), and DJ-1 (Parkinson's disease protein 7). (medscape.com)
  • The outcomes display that CCL2 activates the CCR2 receptor which activates proteins kinase C (PKC), p38MAPK, and AP-1 signaling pathway, resulting in the upregulation of VCAM-1 manifestation. (careersfromscience.org)
  • Chemokine receptor 5 (CCR5) has gained attention as therapeutic target in various malignancies. (cancerindex.org)
  • GO analysis revealed that the DEGs were enriched in biological processes related to inflammation, and the enriched pathways in the KEGG pathway analysis were cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction, chemokine signalling pathway and NF-κB signalling pathway. (researchsquare.com)
  • The receptors are members of the seven-transmembrane G protein-coupled receptor family. (lookformedical.com)
  • It is expressed at high levels in the lymph nodes, thymus and appendix, and elicits its effects on its target cells by binding to the chemokine receptor chemokine receptor CCR7. (quanterix.com)
  • DEGs in GO analysis were enriched in biological processes about inflammation and in KEGG pathway analysis were cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction, chemokine signaling pathway and NF-κB signaling pathway. (researchsquare.com)
  • Defining the role of Ccl2-Ccr2 and Cx3cl1-Cx3cr1 signalling for retinal pathology is of particular interest because of its potential role in age-related macular degeneration (AMD). (ox.ac.uk)
  • Ccl2, Ccr2, and Cx3cr1 signalling defects impair macrophage trafficking, but have, in several conflicting studies, been reported to show different degrees of age-related retinal degeneration. (ox.ac.uk)
  • These findings indicate that CCDKO mice are not a model of AMD, but a model for an inherited retinal degeneration that is differentially modulated by Ccl2-Ccr2 and Cx3cl1-Cx3cr1 chemokine signalling. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Multiplex protein analysis further showed elevated expression of IP-10/CXCL10, a potent downstream effector of IFN-γ, as well as RANTES/CCL5, eotaxin/CCL11 and IL-10, prior to symptomatic onset in Npc1 −/− /App −/− cerebella, compared with Npc1 −/− /App +/+ mice. (biomedcentral.com)
  • IFN-γ-inducible protein 10 (IP-10, CXCL10) is a 10 kDa chemokine secreted from cells stimulated with type I and II interferons (IFNs) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS). (quanterix.com)
  • In this study we determined gene expression and secretion patterns for monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1/CCL2) and T-cell specific CXCR3 agonistic chemokines (Mig/CXCL9, IP-10/CXCL10, and I-TAC/CXCL11) in TNF-α-, IFN-γ-, and IL-1β-stimulated human alveolar epithelial cells type II (AEC-II). (biomedcentral.com)
  • IFN-γ, alone or in combination with IL-1β and TNF-α resulted in an increase in CXCL10, CXCL11, and CXCL9 mRNA expression and generation of CXCL10 protein by AEC-II or A549 cells. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Additionally, we localized the CCL2 and CXCL10 mRNAs in human lung tissue explants by in situ hybridization, and demonstrated the selective effects of cytokines and dexamethasone on CCL2 and CXCL10 expression. (biomedcentral.com)
  • These data suggest that the regulation of the CCL2 and CXCL10 expression exhibit significant differences in their mechanisms, and also demonstrate that the alveolar epithelium contributes to the cytokine milieu of the lung, with the ability to respond to locally generated cytokines and to produce potent mediators of the local inflammatory response. (biomedcentral.com)
  • CONCLUSION: The monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 secreted by adipose tissue may induce steatosis not only recruiting macrophages but also acting directly on hepatocytes. (unige.ch)
  • Flow cytometry analyses revealed the majority of CD11b + cells expressed CD14, a protein mainly produced by macrophages/monocytes. (bioone.org)
  • Interestingly, epithelial cells expressing S protein intracellularly are non-inflammatory, but elicit an inflammatory response in macrophages when co-cultured. (biorxiv.org)
  • Hyperglycemia contributes to glycosylation of proteins and lipids, increases the production of reactive oxygen species, stimulates the synthesis and secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines and acute phase proteins in various tissues, promoting thus inflammation processes in the vascular wall [ 2 , 3 ]. (medsci.org)
  • E7 induced epithelial hyperplasia is associated with increased epidermal secretion of CCL2 and CCL5 chemokines, which attract mast cells to the skin. (figshare.com)
  • Previous studies have not addressed the impact of vitamin A supplementation on the production of monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP-1), an essential chemokine involved in pathogen-specific mucosal immune response. (nih.gov)
  • In contrast to interleukin-8 and interleukin-6, the monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 was capable of inducing steatosis in hepatocytes in a time-dependent manner at concentrations similar to those found in conditioned medium. (unige.ch)
  • A monocyte chemoattractant protein that has activity towards a broad variety of immune cell types. (lookformedical.com)
  • To examine the relationship between proinflammatory chemoattractants and the development of interstitial inflammation and ultimately renal failure in ADPKD, we evaluated monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) and osteopontin mRNAs and proteins in kidneys from Han:SRPD rats. (fujita-hu.ac.jp)
  • Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1/CCL2) is reported to contribute to tumor progression and is regulated by the renin-angiotensin system in hypertensive disease. (elsevierpure.com)
  • response to macrophage-derived proinflammatory cytokines such WIN 48098 as for example interleukin (IL)-1 and tumor necrosis aspect- WIN 48098 (TNF-), OA synovial fibroblasts (OASFs) generate chemokines that promote irritation, neovascularization, and cartilage degradation via activation of matrix-degrading enzymes such as for example matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) [1], [2]. (careersfromscience.org)
  • They found that cardiac fibroblasts can produce CCL2 and name the cells inflammatory fibroblasts. (kcl.ac.uk)
  • They then examined the mRNA expression pattern at a single cell level using so-called single-cell RNA sequencing analysis and found a subset of cardiac fibroblasts highly expressed genes activated by the transcription factor NF-kB and CCL2 mRNA. (kcl.ac.uk)
  • MCP-1 and osteopontin proteins, localized by immunohistochemistry, were weakly detected in +/+ kidneys but were densely expressed in Cy/Cy and in adult Cy/+ kidneys, primarily over cystic epithelium. (fujita-hu.ac.jp)
  • We have studied the relationship between clinical and biochemical parameters and C-peptide and anti-inflammatory IL-10, as well as selected markers of inflammation and endothelial dysfunction such as: CCL2, CRP, sICAM-1, sVCAM-1 and E-selectin in obese women with various degree of glucose metabolism disturbance. (medsci.org)
  • Biochemical studies revealed that S protein triggers inflammation via activation of the NF-κB pathway in a MyD88-dependent manner. (biorxiv.org)
  • Chemokines are a superfamily of small, secreted proteins that direct the recruitment of leukocytes to the sites of inflammation. (biomedcentral.com)
  • This review summarizes some immunological factors involved in the development and control of this oral disease, such as: the participation of inflammatory cells in local inflammation, the synthesis of chemotaxis proteins with activation of the complement system and a range of antimicrobial peptides, such as defensins, cathelicidin and saposins. (bvsalud.org)
  • Thus, our findings suggest that mast cells, recruited towards CCL2 and CCL5 expressed by epithelium induced to proliferate by E7, may contribute to an immunosuppressive environment that enables the persistence of HPV E7 protein induced pre-cancerous lesions. (figshare.com)
  • Chemokines are low molecular pounds secretory proteins that may regulate the chemotaxis and metabolic activity of particular leukocyte subsets. (careersfromscience.org)
  • Human CCL8, also known as monocyte chemotactic protein 2 (MCP-2), is belonging to the CC chemokine family. (watson-int.cn)
  • This assay has high sensitivity and excellent specificity for detection of Monocyte Chemotactic Protein 1 (MCP1). (uscnk.com)
  • No significant cross-reactivity or interference between Monocyte Chemotactic Protein 1 (MCP1) and analogues was observed. (uscnk.com)
  • Matrices listed below were spiked with certain level of recombinant Monocyte Chemotactic Protein 1 (MCP1) and the recovery rates were calculated by comparing the measured value to the expected amount of Monocyte Chemotactic Protein 1 (MCP1) in samples. (uscnk.com)
  • Intra-assay Precision (Precision within an assay): 3 samples with low, middle and high level Monocyte Chemotactic Protein 1 (MCP1) were tested 20 times on one plate, respectively. (uscnk.com)
  • Inter-assay Precision (Precision between assays): 3 samples with low, middle and high level Monocyte Chemotactic Protein 1 (MCP1) were tested on 3 different plates, 8 replicates in each plate. (uscnk.com)
  • The linearity of the kit was assayed by testing samples spiked with appropriate concentration of Monocyte Chemotactic Protein 1 (MCP1) and their serial dilutions. (uscnk.com)
  • The microtiter plate provided in this kit has been pre-coated with an antibody specific to Monocyte Chemotactic Protein 1 (MCP1). (uscnk.com)
  • Standards or samples are then added to the appropriate microtiter plate wells with a biotin-conjugated antibody specific to Monocyte Chemotactic Protein 1 (MCP1). (uscnk.com)
  • After TMB substrate solution is added, only those wells that contain Monocyte Chemotactic Protein 1 (MCP1), biotin-conjugated antibody and enzyme-conjugated Avidin will exhibit a change in color. (uscnk.com)
  • Studies showed that monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1) concentrations are increased in obesity. (johnshopkins.edu)
  • Here, we use a murine model in which the E7 protein of HPV16 is expressed as a transgene in epithelium to show that mast cells are recruited to the basal layer of E7-expressing epithelium, and that this recruitment is dependent on the epithelial hyperproliferation induced by E7 by inactivating Rb dependent cell cycle regulation. (figshare.com)
  • In contrast, CXCR3 agonistic chemokines were not detected in freshly isolated AEC-II or in non-stimulated epithelial like cell line A549. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Thus, located at the boundary between the alveolar airspace and the interstitium, alveolar epithelial cells type II (AEC-II) are ideally situated to regulate the recruitment and activation of different types of leukocytes through the production of chemokines/cytokines in response to inflammatory stimulation from the alveolar space. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In today's research, we explored the feasible intracellular signaling pathways involved with CCL2-induced VCAM-1 manifestation in human being OASFs. (careersfromscience.org)
  • What pathways are this gene/protein implicaed in? (cancerindex.org)
  • Immunoflourescence images of expression of Nrf2 and HO-1 showing thealteration of key protein markers of antioxidant gene expression, read more in 'Melatonin targets ferroptosis through bimodal alteration of redox environment and cellular pathways in NAFLD model' from Saha et al, in this edition of Bioscience Reports. (portlandpress.com)
  • By comparing CCDKO mice with re-derived CCl2(-/-)/Crb1(Rd8/RD8), Cx3cr1(-/-)/Crb1(Rd8/RD8) and CCl2(-/-)/Cx3cr1(-/-)/Crb1(Rd8/RD8) mice, we observed a differential modulation of the retinal phenotype by genetic background and both chemokine signalling pathways. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Moreover, eleven genes concerned with the TLR signaling pathway, eleven with the RLR signaling pathway, 8 with the NLR signaling pathway, and 13 with the chemokine signaling pathway, were identified to be controlled (Table three). (ack1inhibitor.com)
  • Protein-protein interaction (PPI) networks and modules were constructed to identify hub genes with the Search Tool for the Retrieval of Interacting Genes/Proteins (STRING) and Cytoscape. (researchsquare.com)
  • This chemokine is encoded by multiple genes. (lookformedical.com)
  • Protein C17 is a cytokine-like protein specifically expressed in bone marrow and cord blood mononuclear cells that bear the CD34 surface marker. (wikipedia.org)
  • Functionally, C17 was identified as a secretory protein expressed in CD34+ haemopoietic cells. (wikipedia.org)
  • The protein encoded by this gene is a mitogen-inducible monokine and is one of the major HIV-suppressive factors produced by CD8+ T-cells. (cancerindex.org)
  • Incubation of conditioned medium with antimonocyte chemoattractant protein-1 antibodies prevented triglyceride accumulation. (unige.ch)
  • Treatment of AEC-II with proinflammatory cytokines up-regulated both CCL2 mRNA expression and release of immunoreactive CCL2, whereas IFN-γ had no effect on CCL2 release. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Since the discovery that adipocytes may secrete a variety of bioactive molecules (hormones, chemokines, and cytokines), an endocrine and paracrine role for white adipose tissue (WAT) in the regulation of energy balance and other physiological processes has been established, particularly with regard to brain and muscle. (unige.ch)
  • MCP-2 has two homogeneous MCP-1 (CCL2) and MCP-3 (CCL7). (watson-int.cn)
  • Older mice appeared to have greater MWCNT-induced total protein in lavage fluid. (cdc.gov)
  • Consistently, administration of S protein induces IL-6, TNF-a, and IL-1 ß in wild-type, but not Tlr2-deficient mice. (biorxiv.org)
  • Here, we asked whether this aberrant signaling may be exacerbated by the loss of amyloid precursor protein (APP) function, a loss known to shorten lifespan and accelerate neurodegeneration in Npc1 −/− mice. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Ccl2/Cx3cr1 double knockout (CCDKO) mice show an early onset retinal degeneration and have been suggested as a model for AMD. (ox.ac.uk)
  • In order to understand phenotypic discrepancies in different chemokine knockout lines and to study how defects in Ccl2 and/or Cx3cr1 signalling contribute to the described early onset retinal degeneration, we defined primary and secondary pathological events in CCDKO mice. (ox.ac.uk)
  • To control for genetic background variability, we compared the original phenotype with that of single Ccl2, Cx3cr1 and Ccl2/Cx3cr1 double knockout mice obtained from backcrosses of CCDKO with C57Bl/6 mice. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Furthermore, As increased the levels of apoptosis and autophagy proteins in cortex, while Mel (20 mg/kg) decreased apoptosis and autophagy. (bvsalud.org)
  • Factor(s) responsible for the conditioned medium-induced steatosis were screened by a battery of blocking antibodies against different cytokines/chemokines shown to be secreted by WAT. (unige.ch)
  • Stimulation with SARS-CoV-2 spike protein or LPS triggered exaggerated prostanoid-, type I IFN-, and chemokine responses in post COVID-19 MDM. (nature.com)
  • Cytokine-like protein 1 (also protein C17) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CYTL1 gene. (wikipedia.org)
  • What does this gene/protein do? (cancerindex.org)
  • Protein-protein interactions play important functional roles in almost all biological activities, including, but not restricted to, signal transduction, gene regulation, catalytic enzymatic activities and structural roles [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Increased concentrations of sICAM-1, sVCAM-1, E-selectin, CCL2 and CRP were found in all obese groups compared to the normal weight subjects. (medsci.org)
  • Lew noted that he and his colleagues had done some preliminary studies with saliva but ran into difficulties with the assay because concentrations of the target proteins were very low. (medscape.com)
  • For the study, the researchers tested tears from patients with Parkinson's and age-matched controls for concentrations of several proteins associated with Parkinson's disease. (medscape.com)
  • Altered consciousness, dis- cytokines/chemokines by bead-based multiplex fl ow cytom- orientation, and seizures occur within a few days after the etry. (cdc.gov)
  • No such inflammatory response was observed in response to membrane (M), envelope (E), and neucleocapsid (N) proteins. (biorxiv.org)
  • Human Papillomavirus (HPV) 16 E7 protein promotes the transformation of HPV infected epithelium to malignancy. (figshare.com)
  • In patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) parameters characterizing the degree of obesity significantly positively correlated with levels of CRP and CCL2. (medsci.org)
  • Elevated levels of IP-10 protein have been found in the cerebral spinal fluid in patients with viral meningitis and multiple sclerosis. (quanterix.com)
  • Meanwhile, macrophage inflammatory protein 2 (MIP-2) expression levels were upregulated in nontumoral liver tissue from the end of Week 13 of CDAA-HF-T(-) feeding to the end of Week 63. (bvsalud.org)
  • Regarding protein levels, IL-6 and NO release were increased by 41.5-EVi1. (bvsalud.org)
  • Assessing levels of certain proteins associated with Parkinson's disease - particularly α synuclein - in tears may be a reliable, inexpensive, and noninvasive test for the condition," lead author, Mark Lew, MD, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, told Medscape Medical News . (medscape.com)
  • The encoded protein is secreted and has chemokinetic and inflammatory functions. (cancerindex.org)
  • Here we investigated direct inflammatory functions of major structural proteins of SARS-CoV-2. (biorxiv.org)
  • In contrast to CC chemokines, the CXC chemokines (CXCL) are divided into two classes depending on the presence of the glutamate-leucine-arginine motif (ELR) in the NH 2 -terminal domain. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Characterization and classification of protein-protein interactions would allow us to organize information in protein-protein interaction networks, to make predictions on their function, as well as to facilitate drug design targeted at interfering with those disease-associated protein-protein interactions. (biomedcentral.com)
  • This family of proteins, C17, is found in vertebrates. (wikipedia.org)