Protein protein 1 receptor activity of interleukin 1 receptors interleukin 1 type i. Medical search. Frequent questions

These cells recognize and respond to P. gingivalis and its components through pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), for example, Toll-like receptors and protease-activated receptors. (intechopen.com)
Structural components of viruses are sensed by pattern recognition receptors in epithelial and immune cells ( Figure ) ( 4 ). (cdc.gov)

NF-κB has long been considered a prototypical proinflammatory signaling pathway, largely based on the activation of NF-κB by proinflammatory cytokines such as interleukin 1 (IL-1) and tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα), and the role of NF-κB in the expression of other proinflammatory genes including cytokines, chemokines, and adhesion molecules, which has been extensively reviewed. (psychosocialsomatic.com)
IkB is then targeted for proteasomal degradation and NF-kB then moves into the nucleus, where it induces the expression of inflammatory cytokines as well as genes encoding proteins such as SOD2 and Bcl2 involved in adaptive stress responses. (psychosocialsomatic.com)
NF-κB regulates the expression of many cytokines and chemokines, such as interferons, interleukins, lymphokines and tumor necrosis factors. (psychosocialsomatic.com)
Microglial cells express membrane receptors as toll-like receptors (TLRs), C-type lectin receptors (CLRs), nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain proteins (NLRs), the receptor for advanced glycation endproducts, RAGE and receptor for interferons and cytokines (Figuera-Losada et al. (psychosocialsomatic.com)
Both modes of action ultimately lead to the inhibition of expression of various NF-κB regulated pro-inflammatory proteins (cytokines, chemokines) and enzymes (iNOS, COX-2). (psychosocialsomatic.com)
We studied associations between inflammasome-associated cytokines IL-1β and IL-18 in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of patients with bacterial meningitis and clinical outcome, and pneumococcal serotype. (biomedcentral.com)
In patients with bacterial meningitis, CSF levels of inflammasome associated cytokines IL-1β and IL-18 were related to complications, and unfavorable disease outcome. (biomedcentral.com)
Circulating ABGPI activity involves dendritic cells activation and could interact with endothelial cells through a nuclear factor kappa B (NF- B) dependent mechanism, leading to the expression of leukocyte adhesion molecules and increasing the release of proinflammatory cytokines [ 10 , 11 , 18 ]. (hindawi.com)
IL-1 alpha and IL-1 beta are potent pro-inflammatory cytokines that induce a wide variety of biological activities on different cell types. (bio-techne.com)

Louboutin et al ( 5 ) showed that the C-C chemokine receptor type 5 is involved in neuronal injury caused by kainic acid (KA) in animal models. (spandidos-publications.com)

A splice variant of murine IL18r1 , which has been previously described, is formed by transcription of an unspliced intron (forming a 'type II' IL18r1 transcript) and is predicted to encode a receptor with a truncated intracellular domain lacking the capacity to generate downstream signalling. (peerj.com)
2014). DAMPs include blood-clotting factors, RNA, DNA and a variety of intracellular proteins released from damaged and dying cells (Figuera-Losada et al. (psychosocialsomatic.com)
Here, we used a global proteomic approach based on high-resolution mass spectrometry to compare the extracellular and intracellular roles of IL-33 in primary human endothelial cells, a major source of IL-33 protein in human tissues. (nature.com)
Inflammasomes are multi-protein intracellular signaling complexes that have recently been hypothesized to play a role in the regulation of the inflammation response. (biomedcentral.com)

Interleukin-12 receptor, beta 1, or IL-12Rβ1 in short, is a subunit of the interleukin 12 receptor and the interleukin 23 receptor. (wikipedia.org)
The receptor itself is formed from a dimer of two subunits, with the ligand-binding IL-18R α subunit being encoded by the IL18R1 gene. (peerj.com)
The IL-18 receptor belongs to the interleukin-1/Toll-like receptor superfamily, and is encoded by two genes- IL18R1 and IL18RAP -which encode a ligand-binding subunit (commonly known as IL-18R α ) and accessory protein (IL-18R β ) subunit, respectively ( Dinarello, 2009 ). (peerj.com)
The IL-2 Receptor (IL-2R) α subunit has low affinity for its ligand but has the ability (when bound to the β and ϒ subunit) to increase the IL-2R affinity 100-fold. (wikidoc.org)

Given that transcripts from these three species are all formed by inclusion of homologous unspliced intronic regions, an analysis of homologous introns across a wider array of 33 species with available IL18R1 gene records was performed, which suggests similar transcripts may encode truncated type II IL-18R α subunits in other species. (peerj.com)
In response to the binding of IFNα, IFNγ, EGF, PDGF, or CSF-1 to their respective receptors, the Stat1 subunits become tyrosine-phosphorylated at Y701, and the complex translocates to the nucleus. (bdbiosciences.com)

pathways involving IL12RB1 protein from the Biocarta Pathways dataset. (maayanlab.cloud)
Significant differences in the levels of 19 proteins between cohorts implicate pathways related to the extracellular matrix, the immune system and cell-cell communication. (mdpi.com)
Ligation of PRRs induces downstream-signaling pathways modifying the activity of transcription factors that regulates the expression of genes linked to inflammation. (intechopen.com)
Participates in signaling pathways that control a diverse spectrum of biological activities including gene transcription, immune response, cell adhesion, cell cycle progression, apoptosis, migration, and transformation. (drugbank.com)
The term "oncotarget" encompasses all molecules, pathways, cellular functions, cell types, and even tissues that can be viewed as targets relevant to cancer as well as other diseases. (oncotarget.com)
ITAM-coupled receptors and cytokine receptors had been been shown to be connected by calcium-mediated signaling pathways as well as the ITAM-dependent activity of calcium-dependent calmodulin kinase (CaMK) and proteins tyrosine kinase 2 (PYK2) had been discovered to augment IFN-induced JAK (and STAT1) activation (20). (mdm2-inhibitors.com)
Moderate dose alcohol protects against serum amyloid protein A1-induced endothelial dysfunction via both notch-dependent and notch-independent pathways. (rochester.edu)

The protein encoded by this gene is a type I transmembrane protein that belongs to the hemopoietin receptor superfamily. (wikipedia.org)
MDL-1 is certainly a sort II transmembrane proteins that is one of the C-type lectin superfamily. (mdm2-inhibitors.com)

This splice variant would therefore be expected to translate into a truncated receptor with intact extracellular and transmembrane domains, but also a short cytoplasmic domain lacking the toll/interleukin-1 receptor (TIR) domain characteristic of IL-1 receptor family members. (peerj.com)
Interleukin 1, alpha Fc Chimera is an 80kDa type I transmembrane glycoprotein expressed on T cells and fibroblasts. (creativebiomart.net)

Interleukin-18 (IL-18) is a pro-inflammatory cytokine which stimulates activation of the nuclear factor kappa beta (NF- κ B) pathway via interaction with the IL-18 receptor. (peerj.com)
Determined by its ability to activate STAT following receptor-ligand interaction. (peprotech.com)
Positive virus‒virus interaction corresponds to a co-infection that might result in an increased disease severity and pathogenesis (e.g., severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 [SARS-CoV-2] and influenza A[H1N1]pdm09 virus) ( 1 ). (cdc.gov)
The type of virus‒virus interaction (negative or positive) is probably dependent on the respiratory viruses involved, the timing of each infection, and the interplay between the response of the host to each virus. (cdc.gov)
Ligand-receptor interaction activates constitutively-associated JAK family kinases as well as subsequent recruitment and activation of Stat proteins by tyrosine phosphorylation. (bdbiosciences.com)
The hypothesis that ATF3 can modulate the activity of p53 was based on evidence supporting the interaction between these two proteins ( 12 ). (spandidos-publications.com)

Recombinant Human interleukin 1, alpha encoding the signal peptide and extracellular domain of human IL-1 Receptor I (IL-1RI) (aa 1-333) , was expressed in modified human 293 cells . (creativebiomart.net)
When cells adhere via focal adhesions to the extracellular matrix, signals are transmitted by integrins into the cell resulting in tyrosine phosphorylation of a number of focal adhesion proteins, including PTK2/FAK1 and paxillin (PXN). (drugbank.com)
We found that exogenous extracellular IL-33 cytokine induced expression of a distinct set of proteins associated with inflammatory responses in endothelial cells. (nature.com)

To gain insights into the molecular disruptions in ME/CFS, we utilized an aptamer-based technology that quantified 4790 unique human proteins, allowing us to obtain the largest proteomics dataset yet available for this disease, detecting highly abundant proteins as well as rare proteins over a nine-log dynamic range. (mdpi.com)
Using an array of molecular and cellular approaches and single cell amperometric analysis of neurotransmitter release, it should be possible to further delineate the interplay between protein structure, cellular localization, and physiological function of each receptor subtype. (stanford.edu)
2014). TLRs recognize pro-inflammatory ligands such as pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) and damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) (Figure 1). (psychosocialsomatic.com)
Therefore, many researchers are utilizing combinations of several methods to characterize the molecular basis of the functions of these proteins. (omicsonline.org)
The proteins are synthesized as 31 kDa precursors that are subsequently cleaved into proteins with molecular weights of approximately 17.5 kDa. (bio-techne.com)

The majority of TLRs recruit the MyD88-IRAK-TRAF6 pathway, culminating in the activation of nuclear factor-κB, which drives the transcription of genes encoding pro-inflammatory factors, such as interleukin (IL)-6, IL-12, and tumor necrosis factor-α ( 7 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
The tumor protein p53 has been also shown to promote neurite growth: overexpression of a dominant negative form of p53 in primary cortical neurons led to growth cone collapse and a decrease in neurite outgrowth ( 17 , 18 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
Moreover, it IFN-γ may inhibit angiogenesis in tumor tissue, induce regulatory T-cell apoptosis, and/or stimulate the activity of M1 proinflammatory macrophages to overcome tumor progression. (biomedcentral.com)

Has a critical role in the stimulation of the CDK20/MAPK3 mitogen-activated protein kinase cascade by epidermal growth factor. (drugbank.com)

Dr. Santomasso delivered a well-organized, engaging presentation on chimeric antigen receptor T (CAR-T) cell therapy and its associated toxicities. (sto-online.org)
One of the checkpoints is signaling through TCR receptor, antigen receptor of T-lymphocytes after recognizing MHC-peptide complex. (wikidoc.org)

Innate and adaptive interleukin-22 protects mice from inflammatory bowel disease. (peprotech.com)
IL-33 binds to the ST2 receptor expressed on cells of the innate and adaptive immune system 1 . (nature.com)

a) small molecule IL-8 inhibitor (IL-8 receptor antagonist), and (b) anti-PDL1/TGFβR2 (bintrafusp alfa). (nih.gov)

Specific fVIII residues that mediate binding to these receptors have been identified and are potential mutagenesis targets for an improved fVIII. (nih.gov)

In vitro evidence further supported the roles of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor and matrix metalloproteinases in mediating steroidogenic disruption and inflammatory responses. (nih.gov)

Analysis of these mutants by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy confirmed the structural integrity of the mutant proteins and permitted the sequence specific assignment of the histidine and tryptophan residues. (nih.gov)
Sequence-specific assignment of aromatic residues using site-directed mutant proteins. (nih.gov)
Receptor clustering or dimerization leads to recruitment of SRC to the receptor complexes where it phosphorylates the tyrosine residues within the receptor cytoplasmic domains. (drugbank.com)
The ligation of ITAM-coupled receptors in myeloid cells network marketing leads towards the phosphorylation of ITAM tyrosine residues by SRC family members kinases accompanied by the recruitment and activation from the spleen tyrosine kinase (SYK) (19). (mdm2-inhibitors.com)

In a previous study, we found that Toll‑like receptors (TLRs) are upregulated and promote mossy fiber sprouting (MFS) in an epileptic model. (spandidos-publications.com)
As downstream effectors of TLRs, the activating transcription factor 3 (ATF3) and p53 proteins were shown to be involved in neurite outgrowth. (spandidos-publications.com)
Our previous study reported that Toll-like receptors (TLRs) contribute to the development of epilepsy ( 6 ). (spandidos-publications.com)

[ 104 ] These E. coli adhere to epithelial cells via type 1 pilli, invade macrophages by an active, monofilament-dependent and microtubule-dependent mechanism, and persist and replicate within phagocytes. (medscape.com)
The IFN-α/β receptor is expressed on most cell types, whereas the IFN-λ receptor is predominantly present on epithelial cells of the gastrointestinal and respiratory tracts. (cdc.gov)

Once freed from Keap1, Nrf2 translocates into the nucleus, where it induces the expression of genes encoding proteins involved in glutathione synthesis, antioxidant enzymes, phase 2 detoxification enzymes, and proteins involved in NADPH synthesis. (psychosocialsomatic.com)

Also plays a role in PDGF-mediated tyrosine phosphorylation of both STAT1 and STAT3, leading to increased DNA binding activity of these transcription factors. (drugbank.com)
however, it also has some disadvantages for the expression of many human proteins, such as the lack of posttranslational modifications (i.e. intramolecular disulfide-bond, glycosylation, and phosphorylation). (omicsonline.org)

Mutant human interleukin-1 alpha proteins were constructed by oligonucleotide directed mutagenesis. (nih.gov)

cell types and tissues with high or low expression of IL12RB1 gene relative to other cell types and tissues from the BioGPS Human Cell Type and Tissue Gene Expression Profiles dataset. (maayanlab.cloud)
cellular components containing IL12RB1 protein from the COMPARTMENTS Curated Protein Localization Evidence Scores dataset. (maayanlab.cloud)
cellular components co-occuring with IL12RB1 protein in abstracts of biomedical publications from the COMPARTMENTS Text-mining Protein Localization Evidence Scores dataset. (maayanlab.cloud)

Pneumococcal interactions with other innate immune molecules, such as complements and surfactant protein-D, have been reviewed elsewhere ( Kadioglu and Andrew, 2004 ). (frontiersin.org)

Non-receptor protein tyrosine kinase which is activated following engagement of many different classes of cellular receptors including immune response receptors, integrins and other adhesion receptors, receptor protein tyrosine kinases, G protein-coupled receptors as well as cytokine receptors. (drugbank.com)
SRC appears to be one of the primary kinases activated following engagement of receptors and plays a role in the activation of other protein tyrosine kinase (PTK) families. (drugbank.com)

DAP12 affiliates with multiple immunoreceptors in myeloid precursors including Myeloid DAP12 linked Lectin (MDL)-1. (mdm2-inhibitors.com)

Analysing lymphokine-receptor interactions of IL-1 and IL-2 by recombinant-DNA technology. (nih.gov)
Recombinant DNA technology also provides the ability to design fVIII and fIX molecules with specific properties, such as increased activity, longer half- life, or reduced antigenicity. (nih.gov)
It is manufactured using recombinant DNA technology and is marketed as a protein therapeutic and branded as Proleukin. (wikidoc.org)

Many human proteins with post-translational modifications and proper conformations have been produced by these systems. (omicsonline.org)

Glycosylation of IL-1R1has been shown to be necessary for optimal binding of IL-1, as blocking of glycosylation sites reduces binding to IL-1. (creativebiomart.net)
Interleukin 1, alpha Fc Chimera migrates as a broad band between 65 and 100 kDa in SDS-PAGE due to post-translation modifications, in particular glycosylation. (creativebiomart.net)
Interleukin 1, alpha Fc Chimera separates into a number of isoforms with a pI between 5 and 8 in 2D PAGE due to post-translational modifications, in particular glycosylation. (creativebiomart.net)
Notably, it has been reported that glycosylation itself does not affect the activity of interferon, but rather prevents its degradation by proteinases. (biomedcentral.com)

During inflammation, IL-33 is processed in the central activation domain by inflammatory proteases from mast cells and neutrophils, that generate mature forms of the protein with 10 to 30 fold higher biological activity 29 , 30 . (nature.com)

Among the several recombinant protein expression systems currently available, the Escherichia coli ( E. coli ) expression system is one of the attractive tools for large-scale recombinant protein expression. (omicsonline.org)

Active Stat proteins then move to the nucleus to promote transcription of cytokine-inducible genes. (bdbiosciences.com)

It is a 15,5 - 16 kDa protein [1] that regulates the activities of white blood cells (leukocytes, often lymphocytes ) that are responsible for immunity. (wikidoc.org)

When symptoms are severe, IL-6 receptor blockade is not effective. (sto-online.org)

Mutations in this gene impair the development of interleukin-17-producing T lymphocytes and result in increased susceptibility to mycobacterial and Salmonella infections. (maayanlab.cloud)
IL-2 mediates its effects by binding to IL-2 receptors , which are expressed by lymphocytes. (wikidoc.org)

Polyphenols have been shown to interfere at two specific sites in the pathway leading from receptors to NF-kB. (psychosocialsomatic.com)

This protein binds to interleukin-12 (IL-12) with a low affinity, and is part of the IL-12 receptor complex. (wikipedia.org)
The coexpression of this and IL-12Rβ2 protein was shown to lead to the formation of high-affinity IL-12 binding sites and reconstitution of IL-12 dependent signaling. (wikipedia.org)
Point mutations of human interleukin-1 with decreased receptor binding affinity. (nih.gov)

IL-12Rβ1 can also bind interleukin-23 (IL-23) as part of the IL-23 receptor complex. (wikipedia.org)
Secreted IFNs bind to receptors present at the surface of infected and neighboring cells to amplify the expression of ISGs. (cdc.gov)

These autoantibodies are directed against beta2-glycoprotein antigens, a plasmatic protein that displays an intense tropism for endothelial cell membrane phospholipids [ 10 , 15 - 17 ]. (hindawi.com)

In a murine model of pneumococcal meningitis we examined the pathophysiological roles of two inflammasome proteins, NLRP3 (Nod-like receptor protein-3) and adaptor protein ASC (apoptosis-associated speck-like protein). (biomedcentral.com)
Upon activation, NLRP3 binds to pro-caspase via adaptor apoptosis-associated speck-like protein (ASC), which is shared by several inflammasome types. (biomedcentral.com)

Cellular localization is an important determinant of specialized function between homologous receptors. (stanford.edu)

While the mouse and rat transcripts are predicted to encode a truncated receptor with a novel 5 amino acid C-terminal domain, the human sequence is predicted to encode a truncated protein with a novel 22 amino acid sequence bearing resemblance to the 'Box 1' motif of the Toll/interleukin-1 receptor (TIR) domain, in a similar fashion to the inhibitory interleukin-1 receptor 2. (peerj.com)

Macrophage-colony rousing aspect (M-CSF) signalling through its receptor (CSF-1R) promotes the differentiation of myeloid progenitors into heterogeneous populations of monocytes macrophages dendritic cells and bone-resorbing osteoclasts (2). (mdm2-inhibitors.com)

Human Fc gamma receptor IIa (FcÎ³RIIa) or CD32a has two major allotypes with a single amino acid difference at position 131 (histidine or arginine). (bvsalud.org)
IL-1 alpha and IL-1 beta are structurally related polypeptides that show approximately 25% homology at the amino acid level. (bio-techne.com)
Mature human and mouse IL-1 beta share approximately 75% amino acid sequence identity and human IL-1 beta has been found to be active on murine cell lines. (bio-techne.com)

NF-κB is a protein complex that controls transcription of DNA, cytokine production and cell survival. (psychosocialsomatic.com)
NF-κB is a ubiquitous transcription factor found in almost all animal cell types. (psychosocialsomatic.com)

Respiratory tract infections which are responsible for 4 million deaths annually around the world are regarded as health-threatening diseases [ 1 ]. (hindawi.com)
The rapid evolution of biotechnology in recent years has enabled the identification of various proteins responsible for several diseases. (omicsonline.org)

Interleukin 23 (IL-23) continues to be very well studied in the framework of T cell differentiation nevertheless its function in the differentiation of RNF49 myeloid progenitors is less apparent. (mdm2-inhibitors.com)
MCSF and receptor activator of nuclear aspect κ B ligand (RANKL) are crucial for the differentiation of osteoclasts from individual bone tissue marrow and circulating monocyte precursors (4-6). (mdm2-inhibitors.com)
Pro-inflammatory mediators such interleukin 17 (IL-17) are also observed to donate to the proliferation and differentiation of myeloid progenitors (7-9). (mdm2-inhibitors.com)
IL-17 is principally secreted by Th17 cells as well as the differentiation of the Th17 cells is basically governed by interleukin 23 (IL-23) (10). (mdm2-inhibitors.com)
As IL-23R can be expressed on Compact disc4+ T cells the activities of IL-23 in osteoclast differentiation from myeloid precursors have already been generally overshadowed by the power of Th17 cells to create RANKL and URB754 therefore the connections of IL-23 with IL-23R+ myeloid cells are just partially known (15). (mdm2-inhibitors.com)

Endothelial dysfunction acts as a primary pathogenic event, as it occurs before structural change are evident on angiogram or ultrasound scan, and it is not correlated with the disease's severity [ 1 ]. (hindawi.com)

SRC is implicated in regulation of pre-mRNA-processing and phosphorylates RNA-binding proteins such as KHDRBS1. (drugbank.com)

Our results implicate an important role for inflammasome proteins NLRP3 and ASC in the regulation of the systemic inflammatory response and the development of cerebral damage during pneumococcal meningitis, which may dependent on the pneumococcal serotype. (biomedcentral.com)

To date, studies on S. pneumoniae have mainly focused on the role of its virulence factors including toxins, cell surface proteins, and capsules. (frontiersin.org)
The time fVIII remains in the circulation may be prolonged by simultaneous blocking the receptors, which are low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein (LRP) and cell-surface heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs). (nih.gov)
Seven Stat proteins have been cloned, each of which is differentially expressed and/or activated in a cytokine-specific and cell type-specific manner. (bdbiosciences.com)
Preliminary data in cultured sympathetic ganglion neurons (SGN) and other cell types have found different temporal and spatial components to alpha2A&C AR localization and trafficking. (stanford.edu)
In addition to phosphorylating focal adhesion proteins, SRC is also active at the sites of cell-cell contact adherens junctions and phosphorylates substrates such as beta-catenin (CTNNB1), delta-catenin (CTNND1), and plakoglobin (JUP). (drugbank.com)
Another type of cell-cell junction, the gap junction, is also a target for SRC, which phosphorylates connexin-43 (GJA1). (drugbank.com)
Curcumin can inhibit NF-kB in inflammatory immune cells, whereas other phytochemicals may activate NF-kB in some cell types (e.g., neurons) to enhance stress resistance. (psychosocialsomatic.com)
Many plant polyphenolic compounds including curcumin, apigenin, quercetin, ( E )-cinnamaldehyde and ( E ) -resveratrol have been shown to have anti-inflammatory activities in cell culture studies (Gautam and Jachak, 2009). (psychosocialsomatic.com)
Pro-tumorigenic role may be described through IFN-γ signaling insensitivity, downregulation of major histocompatibility complexes, upregulation of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase, and checkpoint inhibitors such as programmed cell death ligand 1. (biomedcentral.com)
It signals via two cell surface receptors, CXCR1 and CXCR2. (oncotarget.com)
Within this manuscript a book is described by us relationship of IL-23 signalling with ITAM-coupled receptors in individual CD16+/MDL-1+/DAP12+ cell subsets. (mdm2-inhibitors.com)
Among the available expression systems, the baculovirus expression vector system (BEVS) has many advantages for the expression of these proteins, including 1) high level expression by strong promoters (Polyhedrin and P10), 2) post-translational modifications similar to those generated by mammalian cell expression, and 3) more reasonable cost than mammalian cell culture. (omicsonline.org)
Recombinant Mouse IL-1 alpha/IL-1F1 Protein Bioactivity Recombinant Mouse IL-1 alpha /IL-1F1 (Catalog # 400-ML) stimulates cell proliferation of the D10.G4.1 mouse helper T cell line. (bio-techne.com)
IL-1 is a name that designates two proteins, IL-1 alpha and IL-1 beta, that are the products of distinct genes, but recognize the same cell surface receptors. (bio-techne.com)

When reconstituted in 0.5 ml sterile phosphate-buffered saline, the solution will contain 1% human serum albumin (HSA) and 10% trehalose. (creativebiomart.net)
Source of all serum proteins is from USDA inspected abattoirs located in the United States. (bdbiosciences.com)
CF stands for Carrier Free (CF). We typically add Bovine Serum Albumin (BSA) as a carrier protein to our recombinant proteins. (bio-techne.com)

named this variant type II IL18r1 , with the reference sequence inheriting the nomenclature type I IL18r1 , and presented evidence for its expression in the mouse brain. (peerj.com)

AP-1 is a dimer and is composed of c-Jun and c-Fos proteins. (wikidoc.org)

Flow-mediated arterial dilatation (FMAD) was assessed as a surrogate of endothelial dysfunction, and C-reactive protein (hsCRP) was determined as a marker of inflammation. (hindawi.com)

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