• The TGM5 gene provides instructions for making an enzyme called transglutaminase 5. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Specifically, transglutaminase 5 forms strong bonds, called cross-links, between the structural proteins that make up the cornified cell envelope. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Most of the variants that cause the condition change single protein building blocks (amino acids) in transglutaminase 5. (medlineplus.gov)
  • This and other T GM5 gene variants reduce the activity of transglutaminase 5 or prevent cells from making any of this enzyme. (medlineplus.gov)
  • A shortage of transglutaminase 5 function impairs protein cross-linking, which weakens the cornified cell envelope and allows the outermost cells of the epidermis to separate easily from the underlying skin and peel off. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Transglutaminase 2 (TG2), encoded by the TGM2 gene, is also known as tissue transglutaminase (tTG), transgluytaminase C (TGC), and protein-glutamine-gamma-glutamyltransferase. (rndsystems.com)
  • Transglutaminases are enzymes that catalyze the crosslinking of proteins by epsilon-gamma glutamyl lysine isopeptide bonds. (wikipedia.org)
  • Transglutaminases catalyse a diverse range of reactions leading to the modification of proteins and peptides such that their physical, chemical and biological properties become changed. (ucp.pt)
  • It belongs to the family of transglutaminases that catalyze the posttranslational modification of proteins via calcium dependent cross-linking reactions. (rndsystems.com)
  • γ-Glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT), a type of cell membrane-bound enzyme, is closely involved in a wide range of physiological and pathological processes, and a large number of fluorogenic probes have been developed to detect the activity of GGT. (bvsalud.org)
  • In addition to its function in protein cross-linking, TGM2 is also capable of hydrolyzing both GTP and ATP and has intrinsic kinase activity. (rndsystems.com)
  • The protein encoded by this gene consists of two polypeptide chains activated from a single precursor protein by proteolysis. (wikipedia.org)
  • Probably plays a role in the assembly of the spore coat proteins by catalyzing epsilon-(gamma-glutamyl)lysine cross-links. (expasy.org)
  • Molecular docking studies were performed to investigate suitable binding modes of some new compounds with respect to the transcriptional regulator protein PqsR of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. (bvsalud.org)
  • Interactions between the enzyme and substrate change as the substrate moves deeper into the active site cleft. (bvsalud.org)
  • L-glutamic acid (abbreviated Glu or E), also referred to as glutamate (the anion), is a non-essential amino acid, one of the 20 amino acids used in the biosynthesis of proteins. (foodb.ca)
  • Glutamate is a component amino acid in many protein rich foods including the gluten protein in flour and is found as a free acid in cheeses and soya sauce. (foodb.ca)
  • Protein-glutamine gamma-glutamyltransferase E is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the TGM3 gene. (wikipedia.org)
  • In humans, dietary proteins are broken down by digestion into amino acids, which serves as metabolic fuel or other functional roles in the body. (foodb.ca)
  • The most common variant in people of European ancestry, written as Gly113Cys or G113C, replaces the amino acid glycine with the amino acid cysteine at a certain position in the enzyme. (medlineplus.gov)
  • In this work, "kokumi peptides" such as γ-glutamyl-methionine (1) and γ-glutamyl-(S)-allyl-cysteine (2), as well as the neuroprotective γ-glutamyl-taurine (3) and the antioxidant ophthalmic acid (4), were synthesized through an enzymatic transpeptidation reaction catalyzed by the γ-glutamyl transferase from Bacillus subtilis (BsGGT) using glutamine as the γ-glutamyl donor. (bvsalud.org)
  • The protein encoded by this gene acts as a monomer, is induced by retinoic acid, and appears to be involved in apoptosis. (modellab.cn)
  • Although heart muscle is found to have the most activity of the enzyme, significant activity has also been seen in the brain, liver, gastric mucosa, adipose tissue, skeletal muscle, and kidneys. (unitslab.com)
  • Drug moieties used in antibody drug conjugates include bacterial protein toxins such as diphtheria toxin, plant protein toxins such as ricin, small molecules such as auristatins, geldanamycin (Mandler et al (2000) J. of the Nat. (justia.com)
  • The docking studies revealed that the compounds have affinity for the bacterial regulator protein PqsR of Pseudomonas aeruginosa with a binding energy in the range of -5.8 to -8.2 kcal/mol. (bvsalud.org)
  • SARS-CoV-2 gains entry to the target host cell by binding its receptor binding domain (RBD) within the viral spike protein S1 subunit to the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor. (news-medical.net)
  • Some cytotoxic drugs tend to be inactive or less active when conjugated to large antibodies or protein receptor ligands. (justia.com)
  • The first reaction of the Kennedy pathway involves the cytosol-localized enzyme choline/ethanolamine kinase catalyzing the conversion of choline into phosphocholine. (smpdb.ca)
  • In addition the pathophysiological importance of this group of enzymes has increased significantly over the last decade with their involvement noted in a number of human diseases. (ucp.pt)
  • The weakened gut barrier results in chronic gut dysfunction and altered absorption of amino acids like phenylalanine, tryptophan, glutamine, and leucine. (news-medical.net)
  • DHEA‑S is relatively strongly bound to albumin, only a small portion is non - protein bound, and none appears to be bound to sex hormone‑binding globulin (SHBG). (unitslab.com)
  • Aquaporins are proteins that act as water channels once they have bound to the plasma membrane. (smpdb.ca)
  • This enzyme is found in many of the body's tissues, although it seems to play a key role in the outer layer of skin (the epidermis). (medlineplus.gov)
  • By tracing significant alterations of protein expression likely relevant for the observed phenotypic effects, the capacity of a galectin to affect the proteome of human colon cancer cells at multiple sites is revealed. (uni-muenchen.de)
  • It is therefore not surprising that this group of enzymes have been exploited as applied biocatalysts in a wide range of commercial sectors varying from the textile industry to the highly lucrative cosmetic industry. (ucp.pt)
  • Thr-381 is locked into a single conformation as an acyl bond forms between the substrate and the enzyme. (bvsalud.org)
  • As test cases to examine changes in protein presence associated with tumor growth inhibition, we applied SILAC-based proteomics on human colon carcinoma cells treated with galectin-4 (Gal-4). (uni-muenchen.de)
  • 1D annotation analysis of the results indicated down-regulation of DNA replication-associated processes, while protein presence for secretory and transport functions appeared increased. (uni-muenchen.de)
  • A parallel Kennedy pathway forms phosphatidylethanolamine from ethanolamine - the only difference being a different enzyme, ethanolamine-phosphate cytidylyltransferase, catalyzing the second step. (smpdb.ca)