Protein encoded kinase suppressor gene tumor cells cultured. Medical search. Frequent questions

Children born with germline mutations tend to have bilateral tumors. (molvis.org)
KDM6A mutations have already been confirmed in matching patient examples 16, 17, for instance, over 30% of bladder malignancies include KDM6A mutations and these mutations also eventually a lesser level in hematological malignancies including severe lymphoblastic leukemia (subtypes of T-cell and B-cell ALL) along with persistent myelomonocytic leukemia MB-7133 (CMML) 18, 19. (crispr-reagents.com)
TP53 mutations), is characterized by a higher mutation burden affecting a wide array of genes, each at low frequency in the patient population [ 8 , 11 , 12 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
However, cancer cells overcome these controls, in particular by acquiring genetic mutations leading to the activation of oncogenes (pten, myc) or loss of tumor suppressors (p53) [ 1 ]. (hindawi.com)
Mutations, amplification and overexpression of this gene, which alters cell cycle progression, are observed frequently in a variety of tumors and may contribute to tumorigenesis. (genetex.com)
Scope includes mutations and abnormal protein expression. (cancerindex.org)
Possible mechanisms for developing acquired resistance to anti-cancer drugs include mutations of genes encoding proteins that are the targets of drugs or are present in downstream pathways of proteins inhibited by drugs as well as the activation of collateral pathways ( 19 , 20 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
Mutations in the tumor suppressor genes encoding TSC1 (Hamartin) and TSC2 (Tuberin) cause a multisystemic tumor syndrome termed tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC). (springer.com)
ALL cancers have lots of additional changes, the so-called 'passenger' mutations, that may contribute to the cancer, but are not the main genes. (cancerquest.org)
However, the underlying mechanisms involved in the induction of genomic instability, genotoxicity, mutations and consequent increased cell proliferation are still a matter of intense research. (benthamscience.com)
Many cancers harbor pro-proliferative mutations of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway. (bvsalud.org)
These alterations can take the form of epigenetic modifications, point mutations, translocations, amplifications or deletions and modify gene functions in ways that deregulate cellular signalling pathways leading to the cancer phenotype. (bmj.com)
Initiation and propagation of tumors reflect underlying genomic alterations such as mutations, polymorphisms, and copy number variations found in genes of multiple cellular pathways. (hindawi.com)
Inherited mutations in a small number of genes account for about five to ten percent of women's cancers.These inherited variations, identified in breast, ovarian, and endometrial cancer susceptibility, can be characterized in the general population by their frequency and the magnitude of their impact upon a patient (Table 1 ).Some inherited variants occur rarely in the general population, but confer large risks to the individual. (hindawi.com)
Although inherited mutations in a small number of genes account for only about five to ten percent of women's cancers, by far the BRCA1 and BRCA2 gene mutations are the most common examples of this observation (50-70% of familial breast cancers) [ 2 ]. (hindawi.com)
Abstract Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is a malignant tumor triggered by the accumulation of multiple gene mutations in oral epithelial cells. (techscience.com)
DUSP4 alterations lead to hyperactivation of MAPK signaling in many cancers, including breast cancer, which often harbor mutations in cell cycle checkpoint genes, particularly in TP53. (biomedcentral.com)
This study identifies a novel mechanism for breast tumorigenesis implicating Dusp4 loss and p53 mutations in cellular acquisition of Dbf4 upregulation as a driver of cellular replication and cell cycle checkpoint escape. (biomedcentral.com)
BLBCs are nearly always accompanied by inactivating mutations in TP53 , encoding p53 [ 15 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
We find that together with loss-of-function mutations in p53 and, to some degree, potentiated by cMyc overexpression, Dusp4 deletion aids in cell cycle checkpoint escape while simultaneously potentiating hallmarks of replicative stress, including multinucleation and Chk1 phosphorylation. (biomedcentral.com)
Moreover, aminooxyacetate, which inhibits the enzymatic activity of aminotransferases including GPT2, suppresses xenograft tumour growth of CRCs with mutations, but not with WT mutations as a cause of glutamine dependency in CRCs and suggest that targeting glutamine metabolism may be an effective approach to treat CRC patients harbouring mutations. (bibf1120.com)
Moreover, we show that aminooxyacetate (AOA), a compound that inhibits enzymatic activity of aminotransferases, suppresses xenograft tumour growth of CRCs with mutations, but not with wild-type (WT) mutations and that targeting glutamine metabolism may be an effective approach to treating CRC patients harbouring tumour mutations of this gene. (bibf1120.com)
Here, we report that, at single-nucleus resolution, TMEM127-mutant tumors share precursor cells and transcription regulatory elements with pheochromocytomas carrying mutations of the tyrosine kinase receptor RET. (stanford.edu)
The adrenal tumour pheochromocytoma (PCC) can be caused by activating mutations of the RET receptor tyrosine kinase, or inactivation of TMEM127, a transmembrane tumour suppressor implicated in trafficking of endosomal cargos. (stanford.edu)
For example, in the hereditary cancer syndromes familial adenomatous polyposis or hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer, mutations have been discovered in the APC gene and DNA mismatch repair genes. (medscape.com)
Expression of p63 is almost exclusively restricted to epithelial cells, mutations in this gene are infrequent, and its expression is increased in a variety of solid tumors, particularly those of the head and neck area 12,13 . (bvsalud.org)

In this study, our aim was to evaluate the proliferation pattern as well as the resistance to spontaneous transformation of hASCs during expansion in a xeno-free culture condition. (biomedcentral.com)
This complete characterization of hASCs cultivated in pooled allogeneic human serum, a suitable xeno-free approach, shows that pooled allogeneic human serum provides a high proliferation rate, which can be attributed for the first time to C-MYC protein expression, and showed cell stability for safe clinical applications in compliance with good manufacturing practice. (biomedcentral.com)
Transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta) inhibits proliferation and promotes cell migration. (nih.gov)
Cell proliferation involves the replication of all cellular contents with the required energy for this to happen. (hindawi.com)
To prevent aberrant cell proliferation, these pathways are tightly regulated. (hindawi.com)
This activation is necessary for both cell proliferation as well as glucose uptake and use. (hindawi.com)
CAFs provide cancer cells with nutrition and promote the proliferation, invasion and metastasis of cells ( 6 - 9 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
Ectopic expression of UASR1 promoted proliferation and clonogenic growth of breast cancer cells MCF7 and MDA-MB-231. (jcancer.org)
In contrast, silencing of UASR1 suppressed cell proliferation and migration. (jcancer.org)
Further studies showed that UASR1 activated AKT and AKT-mediated mTOR signaling pathway to stimulate cell proliferation and growth. (jcancer.org)
Some lncRNAs affect the growth and development of breast cancer by regulating cell proliferation and apoptosis, and others are involved in invasion and metastasis and drug resistance of breast cancer [ 6 ]. (jcancer.org)
The expression of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors was profoundly affected with early activation and then repression of p21 cip1/waf1 and persistent activation of both p27 kip1 and p57 kip2 , whereas genes involved in cell survival and proliferation were suppressed. (aacrjournals.org)
The TSC2 gene product (tuberin) is a tumor suppressor protein whose absence or inactivation is associated with several defects such as abnormal cellular migration, proliferation, and differentiation [ 6 , 7 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Tight control of the cell cycle in eukaryotic cells exists to control proliferation, differentiation or apoptosis. (benthamscience.com)
In BRAF-driven melanoma cells treated with BRAF inhibitors, subpopulations of cells escape drug-induced quiescence through a nongenetic manner of adaptation and resume slow proliferation. (bvsalud.org)
In 2D cultures and 3D spheroid models of various cancer cell lines, a subset of cells escaped drug-induced quiescence within 4 days to resume proliferation. (bvsalud.org)
One compelling idea to explain the Warburg effect is that the altered metabolism of cancer cells confers a selective advantage for survival and proliferation in the unique tumor microenvironment. (pharmaceuticalintelligence.com)
The hippo signaling pathway is essential for regulating proliferation and apoptosis in mammalian cells. (appliedbioinfo.com)
encodes the catalytic subunit of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K), which plays a key role in regulating cell proliferation, survival and motility12. (bibf1120.com)
Developmentally regulated EZH2 levels are one of the factors that can determine the higher order chromatin structure and expression pattern of the INK4b-ARF-INK4a locus, coupling human progenitor cell differentiation to proliferation control. (biomedcentral.com)
Development and homeostasis require the coordinate regulation of cell proliferation and differentiation. (biomedcentral.com)
p15 INK4b and p16 INK4a are closely related proteins and both act on the Rb-pathway through the inhibition of the proliferation-promoting cyclin-dependent kinases CDK4 and CDK6. (biomedcentral.com)
Lastly, increased cell proliferation and tumor burden after TMEM127 loss can be reversed by selective RET inhibitors in vitro and in vivo. (stanford.edu)
Here, we show that loss of TMEM127 causes wildtype RET protein accumulation on the cell surface, where increased receptor density facilitates constitutive ligand-independent activity and downstream signaling, driving cell proliferation. (stanford.edu)
Experimentally confirmed target genes were identified for the 73 diagnostic miRNAs, from which proliferation genes were selected from CRISPR-Cas9/RNA interference (RNAi) screening assays. (cdc.gov)
Functional loss of p16 may lead to uncontrolled cell proliferation 3,4 . (bvsalud.org)

RNA interference (RNAi) of PTPRK accelerated cell cycle progression, enhanced response to epidermal growth factor (EGF), and abrogated TGF-beta-mediated antimitogenesis. (nih.gov)
Accumulating evidence shows that cancer stem cells are key drivers of tumor formation, progression, and recurrence. (hindawi.com)
ADAR1 silencing in breast cancer cells leads to increased apoptosis, suggesting an anti-apoptotic function that promotes cancer progression. (cancerindex.org)
Studies have focused on the genetic and epigenetic status of CAFs, since they are critical in tumor progression and differ phenotypically and functionally from normal fibroblasts. (spandidos-publications.com)
Finally, CAFs promote cancer progression and act in cancer cell drug resistance. (spandidos-publications.com)
While some patients experience spontaneous regression or differentiation of the tumor, others are affected by rapid and fatal tumor progression despite increasingly intensive treatment strategies [ 9 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
In terms of the disease control rate (complete response + partial response + stable disease ratio), response rate (complete response + partial response ratio), median progression-free survival, and median time to progression, lenvatinib shows significantly better results compared with sorafenib, another oral multi-kinase inhibitor (75.5 vs. 60.5%, 24.1 vs. 9.2%, 7.4 vs. 3.7 months, 8.9 vs. 3.7 months, respectively) ( 7 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
In tumor tissues, lncRNAs are markedly deregulated and pervasively involved in development and progression of cancers [ 6 - 8 ]. (jcancer.org)
both E2F1 and c-Myc are stimulating factors of H19 expression, and the H19 lncRNA functions as a downstream effector of c-Myc and E2F1 in tumor development and progression [ 11 ]. (jcancer.org)
miRNA deregulation has been identified in a variety of epithelial origin cancers, where changes in specific miRNAs expression possibly contribute to tumor growth, progression, metastasis, and chemoresistance. (sarcomahelp.org)
Of the 30,000 or so genes that are currently thought to exist in the human genome , there is a small subset that seems to be particularly important in the prevention, development, and progression of cancer. (cancerquest.org)
A multitude of pathways control cyclin-dependent kinase activities as the major event for cell cycle progression. (benthamscience.com)
Analysis of patient tumor samples and clinical data correlated disease progression with an increase in DNA replication stress response factors. (bvsalud.org)
This editorial highlights the relevance of interfering in cancer cell progression through the pharmacological manipulation on the cell metabolism of cyclic nucleotides such as cAMP, and on the intracellular Ca2+ signaling, which may avail the reduction of toxic effects promoted by chemotherapy, radiotherapy and immunotherapy, thus decreasing the incidence of interruption in antitumoral treatment. (researchgate.net)
Deregulated signaling pathways are a hallmark feature of oncogenesis and driver of tumor progression. (biomedcentral.com)
Conclusion: p63, p16, MIB, Cal A, Cys A are markedly expressed and p16 is strongly suppressed in oral cavity tumors, which suggests that the latter protein may play a role in negative regulation of cell cycle progression. (bvsalud.org)
Immunohistochemical identification of molecular genetic events in the progression of preneoplastic lesions to spindle cell squamous-cell carcinoma enables early detection of lesions with the potential for malignant progression, thus permitting timely intervention 1,2 . (bvsalud.org)
The various markers that enable assessment of the progression of preneoplastic lesions to spindle cell carcinoma include the p16 protein, which halts the cell cycle and induces apoptosis by pRb-mediated phosphorylation of cyclin-dependent kinase 4 (CDK4). (bvsalud.org)

there is increasing data to suggest that miRNAs may act as either tumor suppressors or oncogenes. (sarcomahelp.org)
The normal versions of genes in the first group are called proto-oncogenes. (cancerquest.org)
The mutated or otherwise damaged versions of these genes are called oncogenes. (cancerquest.org)
A useful analogy to consider when thinking about tumor suppressors and oncogenes is an automobile. (cancerquest.org)
In normal cells, both internal and external signals control the activity of the oncogenes. (cancerquest.org)
We have two copies of each gene and for oncogenes, a single defective copy is enough to cause a cell to divide. (cancerquest.org)
Numerous genes have been identified as proto-oncogenes. (cancerquest.org)
Some proto-oncogenes work to regulate cell death. (cancerquest.org)
As stated in the introduction to this section, the defective versions of these genes, known as oncogenes, can cause a cell to divide in an unregulated manner. (cancerquest.org)
The proto-oncogenes that have been identified so far have many different functions in the cell. (cancerquest.org)
10 Genes that, when activated, contribute to the carcinogenesis are generally termed proto-oncogenes. (bmj.com)
The mutated forms of these genes are referred to as oncogenes. (bmj.com)
Many oncogenes and tumour suppressors impact glutamine metabolism4. (bibf1120.com)

NDPK has also been discovered to act as a protein histidine kinase, which involves a reversible histidine phosphorylation as a well-known regulatory signal. (wikipedia.org)
In MCF10A/HER2 cells, TGF-beta enhanced cell motility, FAK phosphorylation, F-actin assembly, and focal adhesion formation and inhibited RhoA activity. (nih.gov)
In cells expressing RPTPkappa RNAi, phosphorylation of Src at Tyr527 was increased and (activating) phosphorylation of Src at Tyr416 was reduced. (nih.gov)
In normal cells, glucose participates in cellular energy production through glycolysis as well as through its complete catabolism via the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle and oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS). (hindawi.com)
By the employment of siRNA, we observed a decrease in S6K1 phosphorylation in the BHD-suppressed cell. (nih.gov)
We also observed a decrease in S6K1 phosphorylation in FNIP1- and, to a lesser extent, in FNIPL/FNIP2-suppressed cells. (nih.gov)
Homeodomain-interacting protein kinases (HIPKs) belong to the CMGC kinase family and are closely related to dual-specificity tyrosine phosphorylation-regulated kinases (DYRKs). (nature.com)
HIPKs belong to the CMGC group of serine/threonine kinases and are part of the dual-specificity tyrosine phosphorylation-regulated kinase (DYRK) family. (nature.com)
Reduced SMO-dependent expression of Gli1 was demonstrated in both Tsc1 −/− and Tsc2 −/− cells, and we found that Tsc1 is required for TGF-β induced phosphorylation of SMAD2/3 and subsequent expression of the HH signaling effector and transcription factor GLI2. (springer.com)
This protein was found to also interact with DNA polymerase alpha/primase and mediate the phosphorylation of the large p180 subunit, which suggests a regulatory role in DNA replication during the S-phase of the cell cycle. (cancerindex.org)
The increase in tuberin phosphorylation and the decrease tuberin expression are associated with decrease in OGG1 protein and mRNA levels in tumor samples compared to normal kidney samples. (biomedcentral.com)
The significant increase of phospho-tuberin expression is associated with increase phosphorylation of S6K in tumor samples compared to controls. (biomedcentral.com)
These data indicate that tuberin deficiency in angiomyolipoma enhances mTOR activation by phosphorylation of S6K and downregulation of protein and mRNA expression of OGG1 resulted in accumulation of oxidized DNA in patients with TSC. (biomedcentral.com)
Two biochemical processes, protein phosphorylation/dephosphorylation and ubiquitin-mediated degradation drive cell cycle control. (benthamscience.com)
He found that, even in the presence of ample oxygen, cancer cells prefer to metabolize glucose by glycolysis, a seeming paradox as glycolysis, when compared to oxidative phosphorylation, is a less efficient pathway for producing ATP (Warburg, 1956). (pharmaceuticalintelligence.com)
Antibody Microarray Analyses of Signal Transduction Protein Expression and Phosphorylation during Porcine Oocyte Maturation. (appliedbioinfo.com)
Increases in apparent protein levels of protein kinases accounted for most of the detected changes during the GV to MI transition, whereas reduced protein kinase levels and increased protein phosphorylation characterized the MI to MII transition. (appliedbioinfo.com)
Western blotting analyses confirmed altered expression levels of Bub1A, IRAK4, MST2, PP4C, and Rsk2, and the phosphorylation site changes in the kinases Erk5 (T218 + Y220), FAK (S722), GSK3-beta (Y216), MEK1 (S217 + S221) and PKR1 (T451), and nucleophosmin/B23 (S4) during pig oocyte maturation. (appliedbioinfo.com)

For example, TSC inactivation has been shown to cooperate with non-canonical Smoothened (SMO)-independent Hedgehog (HH) signaling to drive tumor growth in murine cerebellar granule neuron precursors [ 10 ]. (springer.com)
However, it remains unknown whether inactivation of EBF3 locus also occurs in other types of tumors and what functions of EBF3 underlie EBF3-mediated tumor suppression. (aacrjournals.org)
These genetic alterations result in either activation or inactivation of specific gene functions that contribute to the process of carcinogenesis. (bmj.com)
p21 and other tumor suppressor genes' inactivation are therefore most likely involved in the first steps of the cancer model, with later stages possibly involving protooncogene activation and inflammation. (medscape.com)

Forced expression of NBPF1 in HEK293T cells resulted in a G1 cell cycle arrest that was accompanied by upregulation of the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p21 CIP1/WAF1 in a p53-dependent manner. (biomedcentral.com)
The protein encoded by this gene is a cyclin-dependent kinase 2 (CDK2) -associated protein which is thought to negatively regulate CDK2 activity by sequestering monomeric CDK2, and targeting CDK2 for proteolysis. (cancerindex.org)
Cyclin-dependent kinase 2-associated protein 1 (CDK2AP1) interacts with CDK2AP2, modulates the actions of transforming growth factor-B1, cyclin-dependent kinase 2 and retinoblastoma protein, and closely interacts with micro-RNA21 and micro-RNA25. (cancerindex.org)

A total of 7 possible genetic alterations and epigenetic changes in CAFs are discussed, including gene differential expression, karyotype analysis, gene copy number variation, loss of heterozygosis, allelic imbalance, microsatellite instability, post‑transcriptional control and DNA methylation. (spandidos-publications.com)
Of the 31 genes, the 21 upregulated genes were primarily associated with cell paracrine and intracellular signaling, transcription regulation and cell adhesion and migration, and their transcriptional products included transforming growth factor-β2 (TGF-β2), insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 2 and transcriptional factor AP-2α/γ ( 11 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
The SYT protein involved in the t(X;18) synovial sarcoma translocation is a transcriptional activator localised in nuclear bodies. (nature.com)
To date, it is well known that lncRNAs participate in chromatin modifications and transcriptional and translational regulation of protein-encoding genes or regulate protein function and activity through specific binding [ 3 - 5 ]. (jcancer.org)
Therefore, EBF3 regulates a transcriptional program underlying a putative tumor suppression pathway. (aacrjournals.org)
miRNAs are approximately 22-nucleotide non-coding RNAs that participate in post transcriptional gene expression regulation through mRNA degradation, translational inhibition or chromatin-based silencing mechanisms. (sarcomahelp.org)
We have proposed that a subset of Fgf target genes are activated in the embyo in response to inhibition of a transcriptional repressor. (bvsalud.org)
Here we investigate the hypothesis that Cic (Capicua), which was originally identified as a transcriptional repressor negatively regulated by receptor tyrosine kinase/Erk signalling in Drosophila, is involved in regulating Fgf target gene expression in Xenopus. (bvsalud.org)
The LATS1 kinase is a core member of the hippo signaling pathway that phosphorylates and inactivates the transcriptional co-activators YAP1 and WWTR1. (appliedbioinfo.com)
In contrast, SLC1A5 expression is repressed by the Rb tumour suppressor7, whereas GLS2 was identified as a transcriptional target of p53 (ref. 8). (bibf1120.com)
During progenitor cell differentiation and ageing, PcG silencer EZH2 attenuates, causing loss of PRC binding and transcriptional activation of INK4b and INK4a . (biomedcentral.com)

Retinoblastoma (RB) is a malignant childhood intraocular tumor. (molvis.org)
Furthermore, the cell expansion poses a risk of accumulating genetic abnormalities that could lead to malignant cell transformation. (biomedcentral.com)
It is widely recognized that the accumulation of various harmful genetic alterations in normal cells may induce malignant cancer cells ( 1 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
2004). Inhibition of cell growth by EGR-1 in human primary cultures from malignant glioma. (nature.com)
We found that INK4b and INK4a , but not ARF , are upregulated following the differentiation of haematopoietic progenitor cells, in ageing fibroblasts and in senescing malignant rhabdoid tumour cells. (biomedcentral.com)
Also, the term "primary cutaneous CD4 + small/medium T-cell lymphoma" was changed to "primary cutaneous CD4 + small/medium T-cell lymphoproliferative disorder" because of its indolent clinical behavior and uncertain malignant potential. (medscape.com)

In TGF-beta-treated MCF10A mammary epithelial cells overexpressing HER2 and by chromatin immunoprecipitation, we identified novel Smad targets including protein tyrosine phosphatase receptor type kappa (PTPRK). (nih.gov)
For the class II DYRK ortholog from D. melanogaster it was demonstrated that the critical tyrosine is cis -auto-phosphorylated by the nascent kinase in a transitory intermediate state during maturation at the ribosome 3 . (nature.com)
Activation of Map kinase/Erk signalling downstream of fibroblast growth factor (Fgf) tyrosine kinase receptors regulates gene expression required for mesoderm induction and patterning of the anteroposterior axis during Xenopus development. (bvsalud.org)
Internalization from the cell membrane and endosomal trafficking of receptor tyrosine kinases (RTK) are important regulators of signaling in normal cells that can frequently be disrupted in cancer. (stanford.edu)

Taken together, our data suggest that UASR1 plays an oncogenic role in breast cancer cells through activation of the AKT/mTOR signaling pathway, being a novel RNA oncogene. (jcancer.org)
H19 may play as an oncogene or suppressor depending on tumor types [ 13 ]. (jcancer.org)
Specifically, the concepts of tumour heterogeneity, oncogene addiction, non-oncogene addiction, tumour initiating cells, tumour microenvironment, non-coding sequences and DNA damage response will be reviewed. (bmj.com)
Drivers (A and B). The metabolic derangements in cancer cells may arise either from the selection of cells that have adapted to the tumor microenvironment or from aberrant signaling due to oncogene activation. (pharmaceuticalintelligence.com)
[ 1 ] Identifying candidate precursors or enabling genes may pave the way for cancer screening, as with the ret proto-oncogene and medullary thyroid carcinoma . (medscape.com)
The p63 protein, a homologue of p53, may be associated with tumor formation in the epithelial tissue, acting as an oncogene 11,12 . (bvsalud.org)

An image depicting head and neck squamous cell carcinoma in vitro can be seen below. (medscape.com)
Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma in vitro (cell culture). (medscape.com)
Methods: fifteen histological specimens of spindle cell squamous cell carcinoma of the lower lip were obtained from the Department of Oral Pathology, Bahia Federal University. (bvsalud.org)
Other markers, such as retinoblastoma and p53, may be related with early steps of carcinogenesis in oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma. (bvsalud.org)
Other types include squamous cell carcinoma (see the image below) and adenocarcinomas. (medscape.com)
Cross-section through the bladder, uterus, and vagina with squamous cell carcinoma of the bladder infiltrating through the bladder wall into the vaginal wall. (medscape.com)

However, consumption of ATP would definitely influence the cellular energy balance, which brings upon the regulation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK). (wikipedia.org)
In this study, we report a central role of the transcription factor, early growth response-1 (EGR1), in the regulation of HDAC inhibitor-induced apoptotic cell death in synovial sarcoma. (nature.com)
We investigated by real-time quantitative RT-PCR the expression profile of a panel of genes important in cell cycle regulation. (biomedcentral.com)
Similarly, primary cilia have been implicated in regulation of mTOR signaling, in which Tuberous Sclerosis Complex proteins 1 and 2 (TSC1/2) negatively regulate protein synthesis by inactivating the mTOR complex 1 (mTORC1) at energy limiting states. (springer.com)
This gene thus plays a role in both cell-cycle and epigenetic regulation. (cancerindex.org)
Stc2 translates to a secreted disulfide-linked hormone, STC2, known to function in cell development, calcium and phosphate regulation, angiogenesis, and antiapoptosis-albeit the comprehensive mechanism by which the CA-AhR-STC2 axis confers antiapoptosis is yet to be characterized. (bvsalud.org)
Kinex antibody microarray analyses was used to investigate the regulation of 188 protein kinases, 24 protein phosphatases, and 170 other regulatory proteins during meiotic maturation of immature germinal vesicle (GV+) pig oocytes to maturing oocytes that had completed meiosis I (MI), and fully mature oocytes arrested at metaphase of meiosis II (MII). (appliedbioinfo.com)
The regulation of these proteins were also examined in parallel during the meiotic maturation of bovine, frog, and sea star oocytes with the Kinex antibody microarray. (appliedbioinfo.com)
Another protein, calgranulin A (Cal A), is involved in the regulation of several cell processes, including the cell cycle and cell differentiation. (bvsalud.org)

Taken together, our findings indicate that SS18-SSX-mediated attenuation of an EGR1-PTEN network regulates synovial sarcoma cell survival, and that HDAC inhibitor-mediated apoptosis operates at least in part through reactivation of this pathway. (nature.com)
Lenvatinib, a multi‑kinase inhibitor, serves a crucial role in the treatment of unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). (spandidos-publications.com)
When co‑administering dasatinib, a c‑SRC inhibitor, the partial restoration of lenvatinib sensitivity in the JHH‑7_LR cell line was observed. (spandidos-publications.com)
Lenvatinib is an oral multi-kinase inhibitor that inhibits mainly vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 1-3, fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR) 1-4, platelet-derived growth factor receptor (PDGFR) α, c-KIT, and RET ( 11 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
Based on our identified miRNA-regulated molecular machinery, an inhibitor of PDK1/Akt BX-912, an anthracycline antibiotic daunorubicin, and a multi-targeted protein kinase inhibitor midostaurin were discovered as potential repositioning drugs for treating lung cancer. (cdc.gov)
Cystatin A (Cys A), a cysteine protease inhibitor, is a precursor of proteins involves in keratinocyte keratinization, and is expressed during the late phase of differentiation of these cells. (bvsalud.org)

In addition to its role in glucose metabolism, this pathway also regulates the redirection of free amino acids to protein synthesis via the mTOR-signaling pathway. (hindawi.com)
The heterodimeric TSC complex negatively regulates mTORC1 activity via the GTPase activity of TSC2, towards the small G-protein RHEB (Ras homologue enriched in brain) [ 5 ]. (springer.com)
This protein also forms a core subunit of the nucleosome remodeling and histone deacetylation (NURD) complex that epigenetically regulates embryonic stem cell differentiation. (cancerindex.org)
Tuberin regulates OGG1 through the transcription factor NF-YA in cultured cells. (biomedcentral.com)
The mesenchymal phenotype is associated with high expression levels of Snai1, a zinc-finger transcription factor that regulates metastasis by down-regulating the expression of genes such as E-cadherin ( 17 ). (iiarjournals.org)
In addition, Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA) integrated with PCR array data showed that the JAK1/STAT3 pathway was significantly altered in cells overexpressing DEFB1, suggesting this to be one of the pathways by which defensin regulates IAV replication in HBEpCs. (cdc.gov)

The recent identification of well-defined molecular subtypes, driver genetic alterations and signaling pathways makes breast cancer one of the few tumour types in which molecular classification has been used successfully for the design of individualised therapies. (biomedcentral.com)
Lipids, amino acids, and nucleotides necessary for the biosynthesis of the daughter cells are mostly provided by intermediate metabolites of these pathways. (hindawi.com)
Using Ingenuity Pathway Analysis bioinformatics software, it was revealed that the activity of multiple signaling pathways varied alongside the changes in expression of these proteins, and c‑SRC was identified as a protein involved in a number of these signaling pathways, with its activity varying markedly upon the acquisition of resistance. (spandidos-publications.com)
Elucidating the function of the mutated gene, ALMS1 , is critical for the development of specific treatments and may uncover pathways relevant to a range of other disorders including common forms of obesity and type 2 diabetes. (springer.com)
Although our emphasis on the Warburg effect reflects the focus of the field, we would also like to encourage a broader approach to the study of cancer metabolism that takes into account the contributions of all interconnected small molecule pathways of the cell. (pharmaceuticalintelligence.com)

However, in most prokaryotes, NDPK expression levels are involved in the cell growth, development and differentiation of the organism, especially bacteria. (wikipedia.org)
Cell viability and differentiation capacity toward the mesenchymal lineages were assessed, along with immunophenotype. (biomedcentral.com)
Stage Ms tumors (where 's' stands for special and meta-static disease is confined to skin, liver and/or bone marrow) are characterized by spontaneous regression or differentiation even without any form of therapy. (biomedcentral.com)
Differentiation and apoptosis have cell cycle withdraw in common, while cancer and degenerative processes both show altered control of the cell cycle. (benthamscience.com)
In this study, we investigated how higher-order chromatin structure modulates differential expression of the human INK4b-ARF-INK4a locus during progenitor cell differentiation, cellular ageing and senescence of cancer cells. (biomedcentral.com)

This first category also includes genes that contribute to tumor growth by inhibiting cell death. (cancerquest.org)

For example, a major regulator of metabolism is phosphoinositol 3 kinase (PI3K). (hindawi.com)
In contrast to normal cells, most cancer cells predominantly produce energy by a high rate of glycolysis followed by lactate fermentation, even in the presence of oxygen, a less efficient metabolism compared to a low rate of glycolysis followed by mitochondrial oxidation of pyruvate [ 2 ]. (hindawi.com)
In contrast, cancer cells shift their metabolism toward lactate production even in the presence of oxygen [ 4 ], partly through genetic modifications that stabilize the transcription factor Hypoxia Inducible Factor (HIF) involved in the adaptation of the cells to hypoxia, under nonhypoxic conditions as well as generating an adaptive response to the hypoxic microenvironment (Figure 1 ). (hindawi.com)
Furthermore, HIF-1 actively limits the mitochondrial consumption of pyruvate at two levels: (i) through the enzyme PDK (PDH-kinase), which in turn inhibits PDH activity preventing the conversion of pyruvate into acetyl CoA, and thereby limiting mitochondrial metabolism of pyruvate [ 6 ] and (ii) through the direct activation of LDH [ 7 , 8 ]. (hindawi.com)
Cancer Cell Metabolism. (pharmaceuticalintelligence.com)
In this Essay, we re-examine the Warburg effect and establish a framework for understanding its contribution to the altered metabolism of cancer cells. (pharmaceuticalintelligence.com)
It is hard to begin a discussion of cancer cell metabolism without first mentioning Otto Warburg. (pharmaceuticalintelligence.com)
In this Essay, we discuss the possible drivers, advantages, and potential liabilities of the altered metabolism of cancer cells (Figure 1). (pharmaceuticalintelligence.com)
Advantages (C-E). The altered metabolism of cancer cells is likely to imbue them with several proliferative and survival advantages, such as enabling cancer cells to execute the biosynthesis of macromolecules (C), to avoid apoptosis (D), and to engage in local metabolite-based paracrine and autocrine signaling (E). Potential Liabilities (F and G). This altered metabolism, however, may also confer several vulnerabilities on cancer cells. (pharmaceuticalintelligence.com)
For example, an upregulated metabolism may result in the build up of toxic metabolites, including lactate and noncanonical nucleotides, which must be disposed of (F). Moreover, cancer cells may also exhibit a high energetic demand, for which they must either increase flux through normal ATP-generating processes, or else rely on an increased diversity of fuel sources (G). (pharmaceuticalintelligence.com)
Because a decreased dependence on aerobic respiration becomes advantageous, cell metabolism is shifted toward glycolysis by the increased expression of glycolytic enzymes, glucose transporters, and inhibitors of mitochondrial metabolism. (pharmaceuticalintelligence.com)

TSC-2 gene encodes tuberin, a protein involved in the pathogenesis of kidney tumors, both angiomyolipomas and renal cell carcinomas. (biomedcentral.com)
Tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) is an autosomal dominant genetic disorder associated with tumors in many organs, particularly angiomyolipoma in the kidneys and renal cell carcinoma (RCC). (biomedcentral.com)
Loss of heterozygosity (LOH) at the TSC1 or TSC2 loci has been detected in TSC -associated hamartomas and renal cell carcinoma (RCC) as well as in sporadic tumors of non-TSC patients [ 2 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
A recent study showed that loss of tumour suppressor von hippel-lindau tumor suppressor (VHL) renders renal cell carcinomas sensitive to glutamine deprivation through hypoxia induced factor (HIF)-induced metabolic reprogramming10. (bibf1120.com)

On growth factor stimulation, p85 is recruited to phosphorylated receptor protein kinases and adaptor proteins, thereby activating PI3K. (bibf1120.com)

Inhibitors of histone deacetylase (HDAC) restore the p53 pathway in neuroblastoma cells. (nature.com)
Possible biological interactions between the differentially regulated proteins were investigated with the Ingenuity Pathway Analysis tool. (biomedcentral.com)
Furthermore, TSC1 was demonstrated to be required for the proper activation of the transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β)-SMAD2/3 pathway in HeLa cells [ 11 ]. (springer.com)
We further identified that components of the Fanconi anemia (FA) DNA repair pathway are recruited to sites of mitotic DNA synthesis (MiDAS) in escapee cells, enabling successful completion of cell division. (bvsalud.org)
The results show that the hippo pathway is active in ovarian follicles and that LATS1 is required to maintain the pool of germ cells and primordial follicles. (appliedbioinfo.com)
Dual specificity protein phosphatase 4 (DUSP4) is a critical negative regulator of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway and is often deleted or epigenetically silenced in tumors. (biomedcentral.com)
As such, it is thought that DUSP4 functions as a negative feedback suppressor to regulate the duration and amplitude of the Ras/MEK/ERK pathway. (biomedcentral.com)
We further demonstrate that mutant p110 increases GPT2 gene expression through an AKT-independent signalling pathway. (bibf1120.com)

CTP is provided for lipid synthesis, UTP for polysaccharide synthesis while GTP is used for protein elongation and signal transduction. (wikipedia.org)

C-terminally adjacent to the HID follows a proline, glutamate, serine, and threonine (PEST)-rich domain, mediating proteasomal degradation of these kinases. (nature.com)
This gene encodes a serine/threonine protein kinase activated by proapoptotic molecules indicating the encoded protein functions as a growth suppressor. (appliedbioinfo.com)

The Warburg effect has since been demonstrated in different types of tumors and the concomitant increase in glucose uptake has been exploited clinically for the detection of tumors by fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG-PET). (pharmaceuticalintelligence.com)

Ethylene induces characteristic ripening reactions in climacteric fruits through its binding to histidine-kinase (HK) receptors, activating the expression of ripening genes. (geneticsmr.com)

We reviewed published microarray and RNA sequencing studies in which gene expression profiles were compared between human RB and normal retina tissues. (molvis.org)
Expression of DCT was absent or barely detected in retina tissues, various human ocular cells, and major organs. (molvis.org)
The use of hASCs for therapeutic applications has grown substantially in the last years, because the use of stem cells from adult tissues circumvent some ethical issues associated with the application of embryonic stem cells, and because of their accessibility via isolation from lipoaspirates, a disposable byproduct of cosmetic surgery. (biomedcentral.com)
The decrease OGG1 expression is also associated with significant decrease in the transcription factor, NF-YA, expression in tumor samples compared to normal tissues. (biomedcentral.com)
Cyclin D1 expression is also 3-fold higher in increase in the tumor tissues compared to normal kidney tissues. (biomedcentral.com)
This enzyme is detected in all tissues, especially in embryonic tissues and immune cells ( https://www.proteinatlas.org/ ) ( Figures 1B,C ). The full-length human RNase T2 has 256 amino acids (AA) and a predicted size of 29 kD ( Table 1 ). (frontiersin.org)
The evolutionary conservation structure of RNase T2 and distribution of RNASET2 in human tissues and immune cells. (frontiersin.org)
(B) Expressions of RNASET2 in human tissues were analyzed in the Human Protein Atlas database, and the resulting transcript expression values, denoted normalized expression (NX), were calculated for each gene in every sample. (frontiersin.org)
The methylation specific polymerase chain reaction in conjunction with sequencing verification was used to establish the methylation patterns of the 14 genes in the liver tissues of four healthy liver donors, as well as tumor and the paired non-cancerous tissues of 30 HCC patients. (wjgnet.com)
Both glutathione S-transferase pi ( GSTpi ) (80%, 24/30 in tumor and 56.7%, 17/30 in the paired non-cancerous tissues) and cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator, ATP-binding cassette (sub-family C, member 7) ( CFTR ) (77%, 23/30 in tumor and 50%, 15/30 in the paired non-cancerous tissues) genes were prevalently hypermethylated in HCC as well as their neighboring non-cancerous tissues. (wjgnet.com)
Simple Summary: This study identified a set of 73 microRNAs (miRNAs) that can accurately detect lung cancer tumors from normal lung tissues. (cdc.gov)
Based on the consistent expression patterns associated with patient survival outcomes and in tumors vs. normal lung tissues, 10 miRNAs were considered to be putatively tumor suppressive and 4 miRNAs were deemed as oncogenic in lung cancer. (cdc.gov)
This study identified a set of 73 microRNAs (miRNAs) that classified lung cancer tumors from normal lung tissues with an overall accuracy of 96.3% in the training patient cohort (n = 109) and 91.7% in unsupervised classification and 92.3% in supervised classification in the validation set (n = 375). (cdc.gov)

It appears therefore an alternative technique to get over level of resistance of CML to TKIs is normally to focus on downstream molecular modules needed for CML cell success. (crispr-reagents.com)
In addition we evaluated the phophorylation level of downstream targets of mTOR, phospho-S70K, in kidney tumor tissue from TSC patients. (biomedcentral.com)
The standard model of Wnt signaling specifies that after receipt of a Wnt ligand at the membranous receptor complex, downstream mediators inhibit a cytoplasmic destruction complex, allowing β-catenin to accumulate in the cytosol and nucleus and co-activate Wnt target genes. (silverchair.com)
Given the previously reported role of DUSP4 as a p53 target, a potential cell cycle checkpoint, and in mediating senescence downstream of replication stress, we hypothesized that DUSP4 may be a critical oncogenic driver in breast cancer. (biomedcentral.com)

and high protein levels of stomatin-like protein 2 and epidermal growth factor receptor ( 17 , 18 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
HER2/neu (also called ERB B2 ) is the gene that encodes the human epidermal growth factor receptor type 2. (cancerquest.org)

As crosstalk with extracellular matrix (ECM) is critical for tumour cell growth and survival, we applied high throughput shRNA screening on a validated '3D on-top cellular assay' to identify novel growth suppressive mechanisms. (biomedcentral.com)
We focused on COMMD3 , a previously poorly characterised gene that suppressed invasive growth of ER + breast cancer cells in the cellular assay. (biomedcentral.com)
In summary, our results support distinct functions of Tsc1 and Tsc2 in cellular signaling as the two genes affect ciliary length control and HH signaling via different mechanisms. (springer.com)
This receptor is found in moderate levels on some normal cells and as the gene's name implies, it is involved in cellular responses to growth factors. (cancerquest.org)
We found that Dusp4 loss alone is insufficient in mediating tumorigenesis, but alternatively converges with loss in Trp53 and MYC amplification to induce tumorigenesis primarily through chromosome 5 amplification, which specifically upregulates Dbf4 , a cell cycle gene that promotes cellular replication by mediating cell cycle checkpoint escape. (biomedcentral.com)
This is the multihit theory of tumorigenesis, in which a series of multiple triggering events in the genetic and cellular makeup of a cell ultimately cause cancer. (medscape.com)

Because of its mutated aggressive genetics, this cell has a selective growth advantage over its neighbors. (medscape.com)

Metastatic breast cancer may emerge from latent tumour cells that remain dormant at disseminated sites for many years [ 4 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Metastatic tumors (stage M) have a dismal prognosis, whereas patients with locoregional tumors (L1 and L2) usually have an excellent outcome. (biomedcentral.com)
Although localized disease can be treated by surgery alone, the standard therapy for patients with metastatic disease usually comprises intensive induction chemotherapy, local surgery and myeloablative chemotherapy followed by autologous stem cell transplant, external radiotherapy and retinoic acid treatment. (biomedcentral.com)
2-5 Long term survival of patients with WDLPS is common in that these tumors lack metastatic potential, whereas DDLPS are markedly aggressive and distant metastases and/or multi- focal recurrence followed by death constitutes a typical clinical course. (sarcomahelp.org)
Conclusion: In both animal and in cell culture conditions, ethanol inhibited the metastatic ability of B16-BL6 melanoma cells. (iiarjournals.org)
Specifically, cancer cells that transition from an epithelial to a mesenchymal phenotype have a higher metastatic ability than those with an epithelial phenotype ( 15 ). (iiarjournals.org)

The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the highly conserved cyclin family, whose members are characterized by a dramatic periodicity in protein abundance throughout the cell cycle. (genetex.com)
We identify Cic consensus binding sites in a highly conserved region of intron 1 in the fos gene and Cic sites in the upstream regions of several other Fgf/Cic co-regulated genes, including rasl11b. (bvsalud.org)

Treatment of COMMD3-depleted cells with the copper chelator, tetrathiomolybdate, significantly reduced invasive spheroid growth via induction of apoptosis. (biomedcentral.com)
A successful therapy must therefore eliminate these cells known to be highly resistant to apoptosis. (hindawi.com)
In this paper, we describe the metabolic changes as well as the mechanisms of resistance to apoptosis occurring in cancer cells and cancer stem cells, underlying the connection between these two processes. (hindawi.com)
We show here that expression of EBF3 resulted in cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. (aacrjournals.org)
We have previously shown that a bona fide aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) agonist, cinnabarinic acid (CA), protects against alcohol-induced hepatocyte apoptosis via activation of a novel AhR target gene, stanniocalcin 2 (Stc2). (bvsalud.org)
The N-terminal portion is transported to the nucleus where it homodimerizes to form the active kinase which promotes the condensation of chromatin during apoptosis. (appliedbioinfo.com)
Lats1 Deletion Causes Increased Germ Cell Apoptosis and Follicular Cysts in Mouse Ovaries. (appliedbioinfo.com)
Deletion of Lats1 caused an increase in germ cell apoptosis from 1.7% in control ovaries to 3.6% in Lats1 mutant ovaries and a 58% and 32% decrease in primordial and activated follicle numbers in cultured mutant ovaries. (appliedbioinfo.com)

The applica tion of new genetic tools also led to the discovery of an important familial neuroblastoma cancer gene, ALK , which is mutated in approximately 8% of sporadic tumors, and genome-wide association studies have unveiled loci with risk alleles for neuroblastoma development. (biomedcentral.com)

Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are one major type of component identified in the tumor microenvironment. (spandidos-publications.com)
The tumor microenvironment is spatially and temporally heterogeneous, containing regions of low oxygen and low pH (purple). (pharmaceuticalintelligence.com)

Neuroblastoma is one of the most common solid tumors of childhood, arising from immature sympathetic nervous system cells. (biomedcentral.com)

The clinical heterogeneity of neuroblastoma mirrors the biological and genetic heterogeneity of these tumors. (biomedcentral.com)
Based on the heterogeneity within a specific tumor type, a combination of genomic alterations defines the cancer subtype, biologic behavior, and in some cases, response to therapeutics. (hindawi.com)
Consideration of tumor heterogeneity is therefore important in the critical analysis of gene associations in cancer. (hindawi.com)

Using a genetically engineered mouse model, we generated mammary-specific Dusp4 -deleted primary epithelial cells to investigate the necessary conditions in which DUSP4 loss may drive breast cancer oncogenesis. (biomedcentral.com)
The primary barriers for invading respiratory pathogens are the respiratory tract epithelial cells and antimicrobial proteins generated by these cells. (cdc.gov)
Significant downregulation of beta-defensin1 gene (DEFB1) expression was observed when human bronchial epithelial cells (HBEpCs) were exposed to IAV. (cdc.gov)

Consistent with this, depletion of COMMD3 induced invasive spheroid growth in ER + breast cancer cell lines in vitro, while Commd3 depletion in the relatively indolent 4T07 TNBC mouse cell line promoted tumour expansion in syngeneic Balb/c hosts. (biomedcentral.com)
Overall, we found that COMMD3 loss promoted aggressive behaviour in breast cancer cells. (biomedcentral.com)
Breast cancer is well defined through five major gene expression profile-based (PAM50) subtypes [ 5 , 6 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Although the roles of key driver genes are well documented through in vitro and in vivo studies [ 14 ], other regulators are also likely to contribute to aggressive breast cancer and render cells resistant to current treatments. (biomedcentral.com)
Metabolic adaptations of cancer cells. (hindawi.com)
Glucose and glutamine are the 2 major substrates used by cancer cells. (hindawi.com)
Sensitive ADAR editing reporter in cancer cells enables high-throughput screening of small molecule libraries. (cancerindex.org)
Stably introduced into cancer cell lines, the system reports on elevated endogenous ADAR1 editing activity induced by interferon as well as knockdown of ADAR1 and ADAR2. (cancerindex.org)
CAFs maintain their phenotype for numerous passages during culture in vitro without exposure to cancer cells, while NFs cannot be infinitely proliferous like cancer cells ( 10 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
1998). p21(WAF1) is required for butyrate-mediated growth inhibition of human colon cancer cells. (nature.com)
Considering this genetic defect and the frequent genomic alterations of the NBPF1 locus in several cancer types, we hypothesized that NBPF1 is a tumor suppressor. (biomedcentral.com)
LC-MS/MS analysis was used to investigate the proteome of DLD1 colon cancer cells with induced NBPF1 expression. (biomedcentral.com)
NB tumors are derived from the sympathetic nervous system and account for approximately 15% of cancer deaths in children [ 8 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Interestingly, the 1p36 region is frequently deleted not only in NB, but also in other human cancer types, including those of neural, epithelial and hematopoietic origin, indicating that the same tumor suppressor genes might be involved in a broad range of human cancers [ 11 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
In most cases, due to the lack of tumor-specific symptoms, HCC is diagnosed at an advanced stage (Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer classification C), and the mainstay of treatment is chemotherapy ( 4 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
In breast cancer, lncRNAs are abnormally expressed and demonstrate differential expression in subtypes of tumors [ 9 , 10 ]. (jcancer.org)
Our objective was to determine if CDK2AP1 mRNA expression levels were consistent with tumour-suppressive functions in breast cancer. (cancerindex.org)
Stemming from these initial reports, ongoing investigations are evaluating the potential usefulness of miRNA-based therapy in cancer, and point to a potential role of sensitize cancer cells following chemo- and radiotherapy. (sarcomahelp.org)
A diagram showing the major cancer genes for some cancers. (cancerquest.org)
The larger the gene name, the more frequently that gene is defective in that cancer type. (cancerquest.org)
These genes have been found to be either malfunctioning or non-functioning in many different kinds of cancer. (cancerquest.org)
There is evidence suggesting that the phenotype of the cancer cells influences their ability to metastasize ( 14 ). (iiarjournals.org)
however, as cancer cells gain the ability to metastasize, E-cadherin expression is significantly reduced, which allows the cancer cells to disseminate to form distant metastases ( 18 ). (iiarjournals.org)
An example of this class of genes is a mutation in the CHEK2 gene in breast cancer. (hindawi.com)
Despite these advances made in identifying inherited breast cancer susceptibility genes, the vast majority of breast cancers are sporadic, that is, no identifiable mutation in one of the known breast cancer susceptibility genes. (hindawi.com)
While this may reflect the fact that we have yet to identify the next BRCA gene, it may also reflect the polygenic nature of breast cancer susceptibility. (hindawi.com)
We report that cten binds to another tumor suppressor, deleted in liver cancer 1 (DLC-1), and the SH2 domain of cten is responsible for the interaction. (rupress.org)
Abstract Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) are essential biomarkers for liquid biopsies, which are important in the early screening, prognosis, and real-time monitoring of cancer. (techscience.com)
The growing data available in public cancer and gene databases have provided new foundations for OSCC research. (techscience.com)
Cancer cells are distinguished from most normal cells by metabolic reprogramming, including phenomena termed the Warburg effect and glutamine dependency1,2. (bibf1120.com)
RCCP2 Cancer cells, however, convert glucose to lactate even in the presence of oxygen (Warburg effect) and utilize glutamine to replenish the TCA cycle3. (bibf1120.com)
Although glutamine is a non-essential amino acid, it has long been recognized that glutamine is Substituted piperidines-1 a required supplement for culturing cancer cells. (bibf1120.com)
Though all of these mechanisms impact the production Substituted piperidines-1 or degradation of glutamine or its metabolites, the mechanisms by which many cancer cells become dependent on glutamine are still unknown or actively debated. (bibf1120.com)
The INK4b-ARF-INK4a tumour suppressor locus controls the balance between progenitor cell renewal and cancer. (biomedcentral.com)
The INK4b-ARF-INK4a tumor suppressor locus (Figure 1A ) plays a central role in controlling the equilibrium between progenitor cell renewal and cancer risk [ 1 - 8 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Together with the SUSD6/TMEM127/WWP2 gene signature, which negatively correlates with cancer survival, our findings define a membrane-associated MHC-I inhibitory axis as a potential therapeutic target for both leukemia and solid cancers. (stanford.edu)
In turn, as a result of research into the abnormal cancer cell, the basic understanding of the cell has greatly improved. (medscape.com)
A few gene therapy trials now target head and neck cancer, which makes up only 4% of all cancers but has a dismal prognosis in advanced stages. (medscape.com)
Cancer is characterized by uncontrolled growth and division of a cell, with extension beyond the normally limiting basement membrane and through the boundaries of normal cells. (medscape.com)
[ 6 ] These events lead the cancer cell to escape normal cell growth and control mechanisms, to avoid system control mechanisms (ie, immunologic surveillance), and to establish a nutrient supply. (medscape.com)
From the list of genes that were targeted by the 73 diagnostic miRNAs, DGKE and WDR47 had significant associations with responses to both systemic therapies and radiotherapy in lung cancer. (cdc.gov)
A few gene therapy trials now target head and neck cancer, which comprises only 4% of all cancers but has a dismal prognosis in advanced stages. (medscape.com)
Transcriptomic profiling of T-cell populations in non-muscle invasive and muscle invasive bladder cancer. (lu.se)
The treatment of non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (Ta, T1, carcinoma in situ [CIS]) begins with transurethral resection of bladder tumor (TURBT). (medscape.com)

Fgf overexpression or ectodermal wounding, both of which potently activate Erk, reduce Cic protein levels in embryonic cells. (bvsalud.org)
In keeping with our hypothesis, we show that Cic knockdown and Fgf overexpression have overlapping effects on embryo development and gene expression. (bvsalud.org)
Transcriptomic analysis identifies a cohort of genes that are up-regulated by Fgf overexpression and Cic knockdown. (bvsalud.org)

By contrast, the 10 downregulated genes were primarily associated with epithelial membrane proteins ( 11 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
Loss of Tumour Suppressor TMEM127 Drives RET-mediated Transformation Through Disrupted Membrane Dynamics. (stanford.edu)
Loss of TMEM127 altered normal cell membrane organization and recruitment and stabilization of membrane protein complexes, impaired assembly, and maturation of clathrin coated pits, and reduced internalization and degradation of cell surface RET. (stanford.edu)

this is a heterogeneous group of tumors composed of several histologic subtypes. (sarcomahelp.org)
Well differentiated (WDLPS), also known as atypical lipomatous tumor (ALT), and dedifferentiated liposarcomas (DDLPS) are the most common subtypes. (sarcomahelp.org)

Conversely, during starvation mTORC1 is inhibited and autophagy is induced by AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), leading to generation of intracellular nutrients and energy during degradation of non-functional or non-essential organelles or protein aggregates [ 4 , 6 ], in turn contributing to cell survival. (springer.com)
Please refer to "Staining Intracellular Antigens for Flow Cytometry, Protocol B: One step protocol for intracellular (nuclear) proteins" located at Flow Protocols . (thermofisher.com)

Cleavage of the protein product by caspase removes the inhibitory C-terminal portion. (appliedbioinfo.com)

This cyclin forms a complex with and functions as a regulatory subunit of CDK4 or CDK6, whose activity is required for cell cycle G1/S transition. (genetex.com)
This gene encodes the enzyme responsible for pre-mRNA editing of the glutamate receptor subunit B by site-specific deamination of adenosines. (cancerindex.org)

TMEM127 suppresses tumor development by promoting RET ubiquitination, positioning, and degradation. (stanford.edu)

50% of patients receiving lenvatinib therapy experience tumor growth or metastasis within 1 year, highlighting the need to address acquired resistance as a critical clinical challenge. (spandidos-publications.com)
In contrast, tumor growth or metastasis occurs in more than 50% of patients who receive lenvatinib therapy within 1 year ( 7 ), and the development of acquired resistance is a crucial clinical problem to be resolved ( 12 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
Materials and Methods: C57BL/6J ob/+ mice, given either water or 20% ethanol, were injected intravenously with B16-BL6 melanoma cells to determine pulmonary metastasis. (iiarjournals.org)
Lastly, ethanol increased the expression of Kiss1 metastasis-suppressor and the metastasis suppressor Nm23/nucleoside diphosphate kinase. (iiarjournals.org)

We investigated the expression of genes of interest using quantitative reverse transcription PCR. (molvis.org)

The complex is found in mitochondria and in the soluble cytoplasm of cells. (wikipedia.org)

Our data support a role for a Fgf/Erk/Cic axis in regulating a subset of Fgf target genes during gastrulation and is suggestive that Erk signalling is involved in regulating Cic target genes at the site of ectodermal wounding. (bvsalud.org)
Interestingly, replication stress in Brca2-null cells activates p53 and the expression of its target genes, including senescence-inducing Ink4/Arf. (biomedcentral.com)

We demonstrated that NBPF1 exerts different tumor suppressive effects, depending on the cell line analyzed, and provide new clues into the molecular mechanism of the enigmatic NBPF proteins. (biomedcentral.com)

We also demonstrated that the −657 to +411 DCT promoter fragment efficiently directs RB cell-specific transcription of the luciferase reporter gene in cell lines. (molvis.org)
Mechanistically, KDM6A features as an element from the MLL3/4-COMPASS (complicated of proteins connected with Established1)-like complicated to co-activate gene transcription most likely through getting rid of repressive lysine 27 histone 3 methylation marks 12, 13. (crispr-reagents.com)
The expression of the transcription factors c-FOS and c-MYC was examined with Western blot, and MYC , CDKN2A , ERBB2 and TERT gene expression was assessed with quantitative PCR. (biomedcentral.com)
this family of proteins is hereafter called EBF) are a group of DNA-binding transcription factors with the basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) domain. (aacrjournals.org)
These events are dependent on the proper levels of transcription and translation of certain genes. (cancerquest.org)
We investigate two of these genes as putative targets of the proposed Fgf/Erk/Cic axis: fos and rasl11b, which encode a leucine zipper transcription factor and a ras family GTPase, respectively. (bvsalud.org)
As the early tumor expands, it outgrows the diffusion limits of its local blood supply, leading to hypoxia and stabilization of the hypoxia-inducible transcription factor, HIF. (pharmaceuticalintelligence.com)

The mutant proteins often retain some of their capabilities but are no longer sensitive to the controls that regulate the normal form of the protein. (cancerquest.org)

This is in contrast with tumor suppressor genes which must BOTH be defective to lead to abnormal cell division. (cancerquest.org)

We performed immunohistochemical analysis of an independent tumour cohort to investigate relationships between COMMD3 protein expression, phenotypic markers and disease-specific survival. (biomedcentral.com)
To investigate the role of serum-and-glucocorticoid-inducible-kinase-1 (SGK1) in colitis and its potential pathological mechanisms. (wjgnet.com)

The PathScan ® Phospho-AMPKα (Thr172) Chemiluminescent Sandwich ELISA Kit is a solid phase sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) that detects endogenous levels of phospho-AMPKα (Thr172) protein with a chemiluminescent readout. (cellsignal.com)
HBEpCs overexpressing DEFB1 caused a significant reduction in IAV, that was confirmed by IAV matrix gene analysis, plaque assay, and confocal microscopy. (cdc.gov)

The occurrence of highly polymorphic mono- and dinucleotide MICROSATELLITE REPEATS in somatic cells. (lookformedical.com)

A type of CELL NUCLEUS division by means of which the two daughter nuclei normally receive identical complements of the number of CHROMOSOMES of the somatic cells of the species. (lookformedical.com)

In a genome-wide screen for putative tumor suppressor genes, the EBF3 locus on the human chromosome 10q26.3 was found to be deleted or methylated in 73% of the examined cases of brain tumors. (aacrjournals.org)

Ploidy and MYCN amplification have been used as genetic markers for risk stratification and therapeutic decision making, and, more recently, gene expression profiling and genome-wide DNA copy number analysis have come into the picture as sensitive and specific tools for assessing prognosis. (biomedcentral.com)

We determined the crystal structures of HIPK3 and DYRK1A bound to abemaciclib, showing a similar binding mode to the hinge region of the kinase as observed for Cdk6. (nature.com)

KDM6A in addition has been broadly implicated being a tumor suppressor gene where its mutational reduction commonly takes place in cancers cell lines of different tissue roots 15. (crispr-reagents.com)
Genome wide association studies, fluorescence in situ hybridization, comparative genomic hybridization, and candidate gene studies have enumerated genetic contributors to cancers in women. (hindawi.com)
Examples of these genes are BRCA1 and BRCA2 in breast and ovarian cancers. (hindawi.com)
SUSD6 is abundantly expressed in AML and multiple solid cancers, and its ablation enhanced MHC-I AP and reduced tumor growth in a CD8+ T cell-dependent manner. (stanford.edu)
Almost all bladder cancers originate in the urothelium, which is a 3- to 7-cell mucosal layer within the muscular bladder. (medscape.com)

Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms. (cancerindex.org)
In line with a more complex picture, multiple isoforms of the protein likely exist and non-centrosomal sites of localisation have been reported. (springer.com)
Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. (appliedbioinfo.com)
There are three isoforms of NOS that are encoded by three separate genes. (thermofisher.com)
NOS catalyzes the oxidization of L-arginine to produce L-citrulline and NO. Two constitutive isoforms, brain or neuronal NOS (b or nNOS, type I) and endothelial cell NOS (eNOS, type III), and one inducible isoform (iNOS, type II), have been cloned. (thermofisher.com)

The gene coding for the DNA repair enzyme that recognizes and excises 8-oxo-dG is 8-oxoG-DNA glycosylase (OGG1) [ 14 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
This article is the first to report the potential functions of 2 chitin metabolic enzyme genes from Hyriopsis cumingii . (geneticsmr.com)

Conclusion: Unlike its reported function being a tumor suppressor and unbiased of its demethylase function, KDM6A promotes imatinib-resistance in CML cells. (crispr-reagents.com)
In the presence of nutrients, mTORC1 is activated and promotes cell growth, including protein synthesis and energy storage. (springer.com)

In agreement with differential derepression, PcG protein binding across the locus is discontinuous. (biomedcentral.com)

The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of tuberin-deficiency on OGG1 protein and mRNA levels as well as on 8-oxodG levels in kidney tumors from patients with TSC. (biomedcentral.com)

Anatomy18

Organisms7

Diseases44

Chemicals and Drugs99

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment29

Phenomena and Processes65

Disciplines and Occupations1

Information Science3

Mutations26

Proliferation26

Progression18

Oncogenes13

Phosphorylation18

Inactivation4

Cyclin-depend3

Transcriptional11

Malignant6

Tyrosine4

Oncogene6

Squamous Cell Carc6

Regulation9

Inhibitor6

Regulates6

Pathways5

Differentiation5

Contribute to tumor growth1

Metabolism11

Renal Cell4

Adaptor proteins1

Pathway8

Signal transduction1

Serine2

Types of tumors1

Histidine kinase1

Tissues13

Downstream4

Epidermal growth f2

Cellular6

Genetics1

Metastatic6

Highly conserved2

Apoptosis8

Sporadic tumors1

Microenvironment2

Solid tumors1

Heterogeneity3

Epithelial cells3

Cancer44

Overexpression3

Membrane3

Subtypes2

Intracellular2

Inhibitory1

Subunit2

Degradation1

Metastasis4

Expression of ge1

Cytoplasm1

Target genes2

Suppressive1

Transcription7

Regulate1

Contrast1

Investigate2

Assay2

Microsatellite Repeats1

Nucleus1

Putative1

Amplification1

CDK61

Cancers5

Isoforms5

Enzyme2

Promotes2

Differential1

MRNA levels1