• Expression and localization of androgen receptor-interacting protein-4 in the testis. (nih.gov)
  • Could analysis of testis-specific genes, as biomarkers in seminal plasma, predict presence of focal spermatogenesis in non-obstructive azoospermia? (nih.gov)
  • survivors show male infertility, impaired spermatogenesis, increased testis apoptosis and azoospermia. (jax.org)
  • Expression of a Testis-Specific Nuclear Protein, TRA98, in Mouse Testis during Spermatogenesis. (scirp.org)
  • This protein phosphatase isoform, which is highly expressed in testis, is present only in mammalian spermatozoa. (kent.edu)
  • In the developing male (XY) gonad, sex-determining region of the Y (SRY) protein acts to up-regulate expression of the related gene, SOX9 , a transcriptional regulator that in turn initiates a downstream pathway of testis development, whilst also suppressing ovary development. (plos.org)
  • Spermatogenesis in testis and ovotestis is rare given the high circulating estrogen levels. (medscape.com)
  • The work in Dr. Strochlic's lab is broadly centered on understanding certain protein kinase-mediated cell signaling pathways in the context of normal development and tumorigenesis. (drexel.edu)
  • Protein regulators of this enzyme include inhibitors I2 (PPP1R2) and I3 (PPP1R11), sds22 (PPP1R7), protein 14-3-3 and a protein kinase, glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK-3). (kent.edu)
  • PRKRA, a protein kinase, interferon-inducible double stranded RNA dependent activator protein kinase, also known as PACT, a protein activator of the interferon-induced protein kinase, is a product of PRKRA gene [ 1 , 2 ] and is a member of the dsRNA binding protein family [ 3 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • Here we report a role for the phylogenetically ancient mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signalling pathway in mouse sex determination. (plos.org)
  • The byg mutation is an A to T transversion causing a premature stop codon in the gene encoding MAP3K4 (also known as MEKK4), a mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase. (plos.org)
  • This mutant, which we called boygirl ( byg ), was shown to contain an early stop codon that disrupts the autosomal gene encoding MAP3K4, a component of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway. (plos.org)
  • Most protein kinases share a common ePK (eukaryotic protein kinase) catalytic domain, and can be identified by sequence similarity with Blast or profile hidden Markov models (HMMs). (wormbook.org)
  • We identified 438 protein kinase genes, including 20 atypical kinases, and an additional 25 kinase fragments or pseudogenes. (wormbook.org)
  • NU 7026 is an ATP-competitive inhibitor of DNA-dependent protein kinase (DNA-PK). (tocris.com)
  • Veuger et al (2003) Radiosensitization and DNA repair inhibition by the combined use of novel inhibitors of DNA-dependent protein kinase and poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-I. Cancer Res. (tocris.com)
  • This gene encodes a MYND-containing zinc-binding protein with a nuclear localization sequence. (nih.gov)
  • The human genome encodes ∼20,000 proteins, many still uncharacterised. (biorxiv.org)
  • The HSP70 gene family encodes the major heat shock protein of molecular weight 70,000. (blogspot.com)
  • This gene encodes a DEAD box protein, which is a homolog of VASA proteins in Drosophila and several other species. (thermofisher.com)
  • The DPY19L2 protein plays a role in the development of the acrosome, a cap-like structure in the head of sperm cells. (medlineplus.gov)
  • The DPY19L2 protein, which is found within the membrane of the nucleus, helps attach the forming acrosome to the nuclear membrane. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Without this protein, the forming acrosome is not attached to the nucleus and is removed from the cell. (medlineplus.gov)
  • many of these proteins are localized into specific topographical areas of the acrosome, while others are more diffusely distributed. (nih.gov)
  • This review focuses on recent findings using genetically modified mice (gene knockouts and transgenic 'green acrosome' mice) to study the effects of eliminating acrosomal matrix-associated proteins on sperm structure and function. (nih.gov)
  • Some gene knockouts produce infertile phenotypes with obviously missing, specific activities that affect acrosome biogenesis during spermatogenesis or interfere with acrosome function in mature sperm. (nih.gov)
  • In general, these studies enable the reassessment of paradigms to explain acrosome formation and function and provide novel, objective insights into the roles of acrosomal matrix proteins in fertilization. (nih.gov)
  • The round-headed spermatozoa result from defects in the spermatogenesis process which leads to a malformation of the acrosome. (sharedjourney.com)
  • The acrosome is a section of the sperm that contains the necessary proteins to dissolve the egg's external membrane. (sharedjourney.com)
  • Dudiki T, Joudeh N, Sinha N, Goswami S, Eisa A, Kline D, Vijayaraghavan S. The protein phosphatase isoform PP1γ1 substitutes for PP1γ2 to support spermatogenesis but not normal sperm function and fertility. (kent.edu)
  • In addition, according to other research, there is evidence that levels of the protein ACTL7B are reduced in some fertility patients. (innovations-report.com)
  • About a quarter are required for viability, and functional screening of the rest revealed hits for fertility, development, locomotion, protein quality control and resilience to stress. (biorxiv.org)
  • It may be too early to postulate a theory, but if men with globozoospermia were also found to have low levels of PICK1 and if it were possible to replace or restore this protein, sperm health and fertility might also be restored. (sharedjourney.com)
  • Via the addition of a phosphate group, these enzymes control the activity, localization, and/or function of substrate proteins. (drexel.edu)
  • PR domain-containing protein 9 (PRDM9) is a major regulator of the localization of meiotic recombination hotspots in the human and mouse genomes. (springer.com)
  • Previously, we investigated the localization of several nuage-resident proteins in the nuage structures of spermatogenic cells by immunoelectron microscopy (IEM) [ 22 - 26 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • In vitro spermatogenesis could indeed be proposed to patients with testicular localization of residual tumor cells, for whom testicular tissue autografting is not indicated (about 30% of patients with acute leukemia). (elifesciences.org)
  • Using gene knockout, transgenic and molecular approaches we are investigating the signal mechanisms underlying regulation of protein phosphorylation and sperm function. (kent.edu)
  • Snow AJ, Puri P, Acker-Palmer A, Bouwmeester T, Vijayaraghavan S, Kline D. Phosphorylation-dependent interaction of tyrosine 3-monooxygenase/tryptophan 5-monooxygenase activation protein (YWHA) with PADI6 following oocyte maturation in mice.Biol Reprod. (kent.edu)
  • The importance of phosphorylation in sperm during spermatogenesis has not been pursued extensively. (cdc.gov)
  • By phosphorylating substrate proteins, kinases modify the activity, location and affinities of up to 30% of all cellular proteins, and direct most cellular processes, particularly in signal transduction and co-ordination of complex pathways. (wormbook.org)
  • The advent of genome sequencing revealed in humans and other species thousands of genes encoding proteins that had not been identified by previous biochemical or genetic studies. (biorxiv.org)
  • The cytoplasmic RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC) contains dsRNA binding proteins, including PRKRA, TRBP, and Dicer. (hindawi.com)
  • PRKRA is contained in the cytoplasmic RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC) together with transactivation response RNA binding protein (TRBP) and Dicer [ 4 - 6 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • Fatty acid binding protein 9 (FABP9) belongs to the fatty acid-binding proteins (FABPs) which are a family of small, extremely conserved, cytoplasmic proteins to bind long-chain fatty acids and other hydrophobic ligands. (prospecbio.com)
  • Spermatogenesis is a complex developmental process whereby diploid spermatogenic stem cells become haploid and undergo a series of morphological changes to produce physically mature spermatozoa. (edu.au)
  • Huang Z, Somanath PR, Chakrabarti R, Eddy EM, Vijayaraghavan S. Changes in intracellular distribution and activity of protein phosphatase PP1gamma2 and its regulating proteins in spermatozoa lacking AKAP4. (kent.edu)
  • These proteins process pre-microRNAs into mature microRNAs (miRNAs) that target specific mRNA species for regulation. (hindawi.com)
  • 18 DERs and DEDs were identified in the PTM vs. PM, 87 in the TM vs. PTM, and 87 in the TM vs. PM. Those DERs and DEDs participated in the regulation of gene expression at the levels of chromatin conformation, gene activation and silencing, splicing and degradation of mRNA, biogenesis of piRNA and miRNA, ribosome assemble, and translation of proteins. (peerj.com)
  • This regulation included whole process of biological genetic information transmission from chromatin conformation to gene activation and silencing to mRNA splicing to ribosome assemble to translation of proteins and degradation of mRNA. (peerj.com)
  • POLRMT mRNA and protein levels were upregulated in local prostate cancer tissues and different primary/immortalized prostate cancer cells. (bvsalud.org)
  • Puri P, Myers K, Kline D, Vijayaraghavan S. Proteomic amalysis of bovine sperm YWHA binding partners identify proteins involved in signaling and metabolism. (kent.edu)
  • Some of them are the protein-coding genes for RNA polymerase subunits, ribosomal proteins, enzymes of lipid metabolism, and many other enzymes. (blogspot.com)
  • An adenosine triphosphatase of the sucrose nonfermenting 2 family, androgen receptor-interacting protein 4, is essential for mouse embryonic development and cell proliferation. (nih.gov)
  • They won't detect any of the genes required for spermatogenesis or embryonic development. (blogspot.com)
  • The Nanos proteins family regroups highly conserved RNA-binding proteins in higher eukaryotes implicated in germ cell development and maintenance. (nature.com)
  • Spermatogenesis associated 13 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SPATA13 gene. (wikipedia.org)
  • In humans and mice, hotspots are specified by PRDM9, a meiosis-specific PRDM family protein (Baudat et al. (springer.com)
  • Since it is exclusively made in humans and mice during the maturation of male sperm, it has been postulated that the protein is important for this phase of development," notes corresponding author Prof. Hubert Schorle from the Institute of Pathology at UKB, who is also a member of the Transdisciplinary Research Area (TRA) "Life & Health" at the University of Bonn. (innovations-report.com)
  • The effect of Korean ginseng (ginseng) on spermatogenesis and cAMP-responsive element modulator (CREM) in rat testes was evaluated using sperm analysis, reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, and Western blot analysis. (nih.gov)
  • This study is to explore the biogenesis mechanism of a secondary hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) based on the function of RNA binding proteins (RBPs)-encoding genes in the physiological microenvironment (PM). (peerj.com)
  • A multicopy target sequence (black bars) on the X chromosome (but not present on the Y chromosome) is targeted by an endonuclease (red triangle) during spermatogenesis. (nature.com)
  • The expression of wild-type I-PpoI during spermatogenesis in transgenic mosquitoes causes cleavage of the paternal X chromosome but also results in complete male sterility because the protein's stability and persistence in mature sperm cells leads to subsequent cleavage of the maternal X chromosome in the zygote 9 . (nature.com)
  • DSB sites are preferentially located within chromatin loops, while several proteins that are required for DSB formation (Rec114, Mei4, and Mer2) localize on the chromosome axis (Blat et al. (springer.com)
  • This phenomenon occurs during spermatogenesis, resulting in three copies of the chromosome 21. (bvsalud.org)
  • Extensive examination of the function of Musashi in spermatogenesis was achieved through the use of two transgenic mouse models with germ cell-specific overexpression of fulllength isoforms of Msi1 or Msi2. (edu.au)
  • The product of this gene is a microtubule-associated protein that is predominantly expressed in cells of epithelial origin. (antibodies-online.com)
  • Next, western blotting was utilized to examine the protein expressions of microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 (LC3), p62, hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha (HIF-1α) and Bcl-2/adenovirus E1B 19 kDa-interacting protein 3 (BNIP3). (bvsalud.org)
  • The genes encoding RBPs and the relevant genes are involved in the transformation from PM to PTM, then constructing the TM by regulating protein synthesis. (peerj.com)
  • Effects of anabolic steroids Side effects may be benign and they increase protein synthesis within cells, which results in the buildup of cellular tissue, especially in muscles. (mamapundit.com)
  • Overall this study provides further evidence for the unique functions that RNA-binding protein isoforms occupy within spermatogenesis, and introduces the potential manipulation of the Musashi family proteins to elucidate the mechanisms of posttranscriptional gene expression during germ cell development. (edu.au)
  • Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants and protein isoforms. (nih.gov)
  • Novel ATPase of SNF2-like protein family interacts with androgen receptor and modulates androgen-dependent transcription. (nih.gov)
  • In S. cerevisiae , this interaction is at least in part provided by Spp1 that directly interacts with both methylated H3K4 near DSB sites and the axis-localized protein Mer2 (Acquaviva et al. (springer.com)
  • The researchers found that PICK1 interacts with two proteins, GOPC and CK2-alpha quite close to the area of those cellular structures which form the acrosomes. (sharedjourney.com)
  • p62 is a novel binding partner for ARIP4, and that its binding regulates the cellular protein level of ARIP4 under conditions of metabolic stress. (nih.gov)
  • The Y-linked sex determining gene SRY regulates this process by initiating a pathway of gene and protein expression, including the expression of critical autosomal genes such as SOX9 . (plos.org)
  • [ 14 ] In mice, DAX1 or AHCH is essential for the maintenance of spermatogenesis. (medscape.com)
  • One pathway, which has been extensively studied in yeast, is mainly guided by chromatin structure and the other, analyzed in detail in mice, is driven by the sequence-specific DNA-binding PR domain-containing protein 9 (PRDM9). (springer.com)
  • NANOS2 has also been identified as a key stem cell regulator in Spermatogonial Stem Cells (SSC) of mature individuals by maintaining the stem cell fate during spermatogenesis in mice 10 . (nature.com)
  • Now, researchers from the University Hospital Bonn (UKB) and the Transdisciplinary Research Unit "Life & Health" at the University of Bonn have found that a loss of the structural protein ACTL7B blocks spermatogenesis in male mice. (innovations-report.com)
  • A team of researchers headed up by Jun Xia of The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, in the People's Republic of China, found that mice who lack the protein known as PICK1 are infertile due to a condition that looks very much like human male globozoospermia. (sharedjourney.com)
  • In the Hong Kong University study, the male mice missing the PICK1 protein were found to have a low sperm count. (sharedjourney.com)
  • Since the release of the first draft of the human genome sequence in 2000, the function of many of these new proteins has been identified. (biorxiv.org)
  • The human genome contains about 20,000 protein-coding genes and about 5,000 genes that specify functional RNAs. (blogspot.com)
  • Cell-based and in vitro assays show that Retro-2 blocks delivery of newly-synthesized TA-proteins to the ER-targeting factor ASNA1 (TRC40). (elifesciences.org)
  • A complete in vitro spermatogenesis has been obtained from mouse prepubertal testicular tissue, although with low efficiency. (elifesciences.org)
  • A decline in intratesticular testosterone levels has been highlighted in vitro in 35- to 49-day cultures of 5 d pp mouse testes, i.e. after the end of the first wave of spermatogenesis ( 9 ). (elifesciences.org)
  • Vijayaraghavan S, Chakrabarti R, Myers K. Regulation of sperm function by protein phosphatase PP1gamma2. (kent.edu)
  • The mystery and the potential biological significance of these unknown genes is enhanced by many of them being well conserved, and many of them being completely unrelated to known proteins and thus lacking clues to their function. (biorxiv.org)
  • There have been initiatives to develop new means to predict protein function or structure ( 9 - 13 ). (biorxiv.org)
  • Studies of the related mouse protein also suggested an essential role in microtubule function required for spermatogenesis. (antibodies-online.com)
  • Syringes and violate spermatogenesis function with possible negative effects. (mamapundit.com)
  • These models demonstrated that aberrant expression of either Msi1 or Msi2 has deleterious effects on normal spermatogenesis, with Msi2 overexpression resulting in male sterility. (edu.au)
  • In addition, we determined that several nuage proteins localize to spermatogenic cell-specific structures, including mitochondria-associated granules (MAG), granulated bodies (GB), reticulated bodies (RB), and ribosome aggregates (RA) [ 22 - 26 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • One of the annoying things about all three papers is that they use the words "gene" and "protein-coding gene" as synonyms. (blogspot.com)
  • We identified both gene and protein markers for three temporally distinct ProSG cell subsets, including a migratory cell population with a transcriptome distinct from the previously defined T1- and T2-ProSG stages. (biologists.com)
  • Crucial to this process are a number of RNA-binding proteins, responsible for the posttranscriptional control of essential mRNAs and particularly pertinent to the two periods of inactive transcription that occur in spermatogenesis. (edu.au)
  • Protein kinases are key regulators of signal transduction pathways that mediate cell growth, proliferation, and motility. (drexel.edu)
  • Dr. Todd Strochlic's research interests include protein kinases, oncogenic signaling, breast cancer and Drosophila oogenesis. (drexel.edu)
  • The lab uses a combination of genetic, biochemical, and cell biological approaches in both Drosophila melanogaster and mammalian cells to investigate the biology of several different protein kinases. (drexel.edu)
  • This protease activity has recently been ascribed to serine metalloprotease(s), including pregnancy-associated plasma protein-A (PAPP-A), which was first detected in human follicular fluid nearly 20 yr ago. (bioone.org)
  • Most notably, protein kinases are frequently mutated in many human cancers and are often drivers of oncogenic signaling networks. (drexel.edu)
  • Protein kinases are one of the largest and most influential of gene families: constituting some 2% of the proteome, they regulate almost all biochemical pathways and may phosphorylate up to 30% of the proteome. (wormbook.org)
  • Such radiations include genes involved in spermatogenesis, chemosensation, Wnt signaling and FGF receptor-like kinases. (wormbook.org)
  • Protein kinases constitute one of the largest and most important of protein families, accounting for ~2% of genes in a variety of eukaryotic genomes. (wormbook.org)
  • The remaining atypical protein kinases (aPK) belong to several families, some of which have structural, but not sequence similarity to ePKs. (wormbook.org)
  • [ 13 ] DAX1 appears to suppress expression of the SF1- regulated steroidogenic acute regulatory (StAR) protein promoter. (medscape.com)
  • The ginseng-treated rats exhibited significantly increased sperm count and motility with enhanced levels of CREM messenger RNA and protein. (nih.gov)
  • This protein may play an important role in spermatogenesis. (nih.gov)
  • Plays a central role during spermatogenesis. (joplink.net)
  • To investigate the role of the structural protein in spermiogenesis, Prof. Schorle's team generated a mouse model with a mutation in the Actl7b gene using gene-editing technology. (innovations-report.com)
  • This review summarizes evidence for the role of proteolytic enzymes that degrade and inactivate insulin-like growth factor binding proteins (IGFBP) during follicular development in mammals. (bioone.org)
  • The current concepts of sperm biochemical markers and the central role of the HspA2 chaperone protein, a measure of sperm cellular maturity and fertilizing potential, are reviewed. (cdc.gov)
  • In adults, spermatogenesis requires adequate intratesticular testosterone , but the role of DHT in spermatogenesis is unclear. (msdmanuals.com)
  • CRISPRi genetic interaction analysis revealed Retro-2 activity resembles disruption of the transmembrane domain recognition complex (TRC) pathway, which mediates post-translational ER-targeting and insertion of tail-anchored (TA) proteins, including SNAREs required for retrograde transport. (elifesciences.org)
  • Together, overexpressed POLRMT is an important mitochondrial protein for prostate cancer cell growth, representing a novel and promising diagnostic and therapeutic oncotarget. (bvsalud.org)
  • We combine structure-based protein engineering and molecular genetics to restrict the activity of the potentially toxic endonuclease to spermatogenesis. (nature.com)
  • Is the Subject Area "Protein interactions" applicable to this article? (plos.org)
  • 2015. Interactions of the Metalloregulatory Protein SloR from Streptococcus mutans with its Metal Ion Effectors and DNA Binding Site. (middlebury.edu)
  • Expression analysis of mutant XY gonads at the same stage also reveals a dramatic reduction in Sox9 and, crucially, Sry at the transcript and protein levels. (plos.org)
  • Steroid hormones being essential for the progression of spermatogenesis, the aim of this study was to investigate steroidogenesis and steroid signaling in organotypic cultures. (elifesciences.org)
  • Scientific and social factors have resulted in a focus on well-studied proteins, leading to a concern that poorly understood genes are unjustifiably neglected. (biorxiv.org)
  • Together, our work explains how Retro-2 prevents retrograde trafficking of toxins by inhibiting TA-protein targeting, describes a general CRISPR strategy for predicting the MOA of small molecules, and paves the way for drugging the TRC pathway to treat broad classes of viruses known to be inhibited by Retro-2. (elifesciences.org)
  • These mutations lead to a loss of functional DPY19L2 protein. (medlineplus.gov)