• In vitro RNA transcripts were inoculated onto Nicotiana benthamiana plants and recombinant CMV capsid proteins were identified on Western blots probed with CMV antibodies 5-7 days post-inoculation. (usda.gov)
  • Transgenic N. benthamiana plants expressing the CP gene of WMV II or ZYMV showed protection against symptom development when inoculated with WMV II and six other potyviruses: bean yellow mosaic (BYMV), potato Y (PVY), pea mosaic (PeaMV), clover yellow vein (CYVV), pepper mottle (PeMV), and tobacco etch (TEV). (apsnet.org)
  • The cp gene from ZYMV encodes the coat protein (CP) gene from Zucchini yellow mosaic virus. (cbd.int)
  • Soybean gene functions cannot be easily interrogated through transgenic disruption (knock-out) of genes-of-interest, or transgenic overexpression of proteins-of-interest, because soybean transformation is time-consuming and technically challenging. (researchsquare.com)
  • An attractive alternative is to administer transient gene silencing or overexpression with a plant virus-based vector. (researchsquare.com)
  • However, existing virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) and/or overexpression vectors suitable for soybean have various drawbacks that hinder their widespread adoption. (researchsquare.com)
  • Virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) is an alternative functional genomics tool for soybean because it does not involve the generation of inheritable changes. (researchsquare.com)
  • The P6 protein of Cauliflower mosaic virus (CaMV) is responsible for the formation of inclusion bodies (IBs), which are the sites for viral gene expression, replication, and virion assembly. (unige.ch)
  • 81, Last updated, Version 3) XX DE African Cassava Mosaic Virus gene for coat protein (clone pPCR5). (ebi.ac.uk)
  • XX KW coat protein gene. (ebi.ac.uk)
  • These approaches include analysis of spatial and temporal responses by plants to infection, and techniques that allow the expression of viral genes transiently or transgenically in planta, the expression of plant and foreign genes from virus vectors, the silencing of plants genes, imaging of live, infected cells, and the detection of interactions between viral proteins and plant gene products, both in planta and in various in vitro or in vivo systems. (springer.com)
  • 14. Gowda, S., Wu, F.C., Scholthof, H.B., and Shepherd, R.J. (1989) Gene VI of figwort mosaic virus (caulimovirus group) functions in posttranscriptional expression of genes on the fulllength RNA transcript. (springer.com)
  • 16. Knorr, D.A. and Dawson, W.O. (1988) A point mutation in the tobacco mosaic capsid protein gene induces hypersensitivity in Nicotiana sylvestris . (springer.com)
  • 111, Last updated, Version 1) XX DE Acalypha yellow mosaic virus-[Acalypha] isolate Acalypha coat protein (AV1) DE gene, complete cds. (ebi.ac.uk)
  • 771 FT /organism="Acalypha yellow mosaic virus-[Acalypha]" FT /host="Acalypha indica L." FT /isolate="Acalypha" FT /mol_type="genomic DNA" FT /country="India" FT /collected_by="Ashish Srivastava" FT /collection_date="Jul-2011" FT /db_xref="taxon:1143702" FT gene 1. (ebi.ac.uk)
  • Some examples include delivering DNA-free gene editing reagents such as ribonucleoproteins or mRNA, relying on reagent expression from non-integrated DNA, using novel delivery mechanisms such as viruses or nanoparticles, using unconventional selection methods to avoid integration of transgenes, and/or avoiding tissue culture altogether. (frontiersin.org)
  • The Cucumber mosaic virus Ixora isolate (CMV) coat protein gene (CP) was placed under the transcriptional control of the duplicated subgenomic CP promoter of a Potato virus X (PVX)-based vector. (usda.gov)
  • 2005. An ancestral oomycete locus contains late blight avirulence gene Avr3a, encoding a protein that is recognised in the host cytoplasm . (hutton.ac.uk)
  • He was the first scientist to have identified the tobacco mosaic virus gene that encoded a transport protein with a molecular weight of 30 kDa. (pravda.ru)
  • The Hansenula polymorpha PER9 gene encodes a peroxisomal membrane protein essential for peroxisome assembly and integrity. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • 2000): Transgenic grapevines expressing coat protein gene sequences of grapevine fanleaf virus, arabis mosaic virus, grapevine virus A and grapevine virus B. (boku.ac.at)
  • One of the few antigens against which mammals develop protective immunity is the highly polymorphic OspC protein, encoded by the ospC gene on the cp26 plasmid. (cdc.gov)
  • By means of DNA sequencing of a large sample collection of the pathogen from across the United States, we studied the gene for the bacterium's highly diverse OspC protein, protective immunity against which develops in animals. (cdc.gov)
  • Overview of Genetics A gene, the basic unit of heredity, is a segment of DNA containing all the information necessary to synthesize a polypeptide (protein) or a functional RNA molecule. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Watermelon mosaic virus 2 induces necrotic local lesions. (dpvweb.net)
  • Not infected by either the watermelon mosaic virus 1 strain of papaya ringspot virus or watermelon mosaic virus 2. (dpvweb.net)
  • and one giving symptoms in muskmelon similar to those usually associated with watermelon mosaic virus 2 has been found in France (H. Lecoq, unpublished data). (dpvweb.net)
  • Not susceptible to most cucumber mosaic virus isolates. (dpvweb.net)
  • The proteins synthesized in protoplasts infected with strain V5 of brome mosaic virus have been studied. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • Possible identification of a protein in brome mosaic virus infected barley as a component of viral RNA polymerase. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • The infection of tobacco protoplasts with a variant of brome mosaic virus. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • Translation of the RNAs of brome mosaic virus: the monocistronic nature of RNA 1 and RNA 2. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • The subject of my master's thesis explored the difference in translational efficiency of the p3a movement protein, from either genomic or subgenomic RNA3a, in Brome Mosaic Virus. (mcw.edu)
  • 852 FT /organism="African cassava mosaic virus" FT /mol_type="genomic DNA" FT /clone="pPCR5" FT /db_xref="taxon:10817" FT CDS 71. (ebi.ac.uk)
  • In addition to TMV MP, PME is recognized by MPs of turnip vein clearing virus (TVCV) and cauliflower mosaic virus (CaMV). (ox.ac.uk)
  • Association of the P6 protein of Cauliflower mosaic virus with plasmodesmata and plasmodesmal proteins. (unige.ch)
  • 12. Schoelz, J.E., Shepherd, R.J., and Daubert, S. (1986) Region VI of cauliflower mosaic virus encodes a host range determinant. (springer.com)
  • Upon testing positive for potyvirus infection by indirect ELISA (Agdia, Inc.), an isolate of Bean yellow mosaic virus (BYMV) was identified from leaf extracts of a diseased plant. (usda.gov)
  • Alfalfa mosaic virus genomic RNAs are infectious only when the viral coat protein binds to the RNA 3' termini. (rcsb.org)
  • Takahashi K , Iwata K , Watanabe N , Hatahara T , Ohta Y , Baba K , Full-genome nucleotide sequence of a hepatitis E virus strain that may be indigenous to Japan. (cdc.gov)
  • In Arabidopsis thaliana , different ecotypes present varying susceptibilities to Tobacco mosaic virus strain U1 (TMV-U1). (biomedcentral.com)
  • The TMV genome encodes four proteins which participate in several viral functions required for a successful infection. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The pattern of pentagonal and hexagonal protein clusters in the shell of this cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) corroborates a scheme developed by virology pioneers to classify and predict spherical virus geometry. (sciencenews.org)
  • The Alfalfa mosaic virus (AMV) coat protein binding (CPB) RNA is an RNA element which is found in the 3′ UTR of the genome. (wikipedia.org)
  • These account for over 90% of the virus genome. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • We describe the development of a new vector based on cowpea severe mosaic virus (CPSMV), a plus-strand RNA virus with its genome divided into two RNA segments, RNA1 and RNA2. (researchsquare.com)
  • 3. Davies, J.W. and Hull, R. (1982) Genome expression of plant positive-strand RNA viruses. (springer.com)
  • Atabekov's research on the molecular genetics of plant viruses led to the development of the concept of intercellular transport of viral genetic material in plants as an active function encoded in the viral genome. (pravda.ru)
  • This recombinant protein was biotinylated in vivo by AviTag-BirA technology, which method is BriA catalyzes amide linkage between the biotin and the specific lysine of the AviTag. (cusabio.com)
  • Thus, endomembrane-modifying proteins within the endomembrane system will have an influence on the final grain quality/yield and recombinant protein production. (nature.com)
  • Alfalfa mosaic virus RNA 1 5′ UTR stem-loop Neeleman L, Linthorst HJ, Bol JF (January 2004). (wikipedia.org)
  • The crystal structure of an alfalfa mosaic virus RNA-peptide complex reveals that conserved AUGC repeats and Pro-Thr-x-Arg-Ser-x-x-Tyr coat protein amino acids cofold upon interacting. (rcsb.org)
  • Institut de biologie moléculaire des plantes » Intramolecular complementing mutations in tobacco mosaic virus movement protein confirm a role for microtubule association in viral RNA transport. (cnrs.fr)
  • Interaction between the tobacco mosaic virus movement protein and host cell pectin methylesterases is required for viral cell-to-cell movement. (ox.ac.uk)
  • A film detection method for tritium-labelled proteins and nucleic acids in polyacrylamide gels. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • While there she completed work on coal and on DNA and began a project on the molecular structure of the tobacco mosaic virus. (hindustantimes.com)
  • A plant virus was extracted from diseased L. luteus and characterized using biological and molecular techniques. (usda.gov)
  • A few years after Francis H. Crick and James D. Watson unveiled the structure of DNA in 1953, they rocked the fledgling field of molecular biology again with a bold notion: Viruses are, in part, structured as crystals are. (sciencenews.org)
  • Ghodssi, R. Tobacco Mosaic Virus as a Versatile Platform for Molecular Assembly and Device Fabrication. (eurekaselect.com)
  • These antigens include organic dusts containing bacteria, fungi,4 animal or plant proteins, or low-molecular-weight chemicals. (cdc.gov)
  • The virus belongs to the potyvirus group. (dpvweb.net)
  • Sequence analysis of a RT-PCR fragment ~1.7 bp led to the identification of the potyvirus as Bean yellow mosaic virus (BYMV) (GenBank Accession No. EU14420, BYMV-Pullman). (usda.gov)
  • Purified preparations contained long flexuous rods (electron microscopy) with a coat protein (CP) ~35 kDa (protein gel) that was serologically positive for potyvirus (western blot). (usda.gov)
  • Shukla, D.D. Expression of potyvirus coat protein in Escherichia coli and yeast and its assembly into virus-like particles. (eurekaselect.com)
  • Translation of virus mRNA: protein synthesis directed by several virus RNAs in a cell-free extract from wheat germ. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • It is serologically related to, but distinguishable from, pepper veinal mottle virus , guinea grass mosaic virus and passionfruit ringspot virus. (dpvweb.net)
  • In Guadeloupe (Caribbean), a virus serologically related to yam mosaic virus and with similar particle shape was reported in Dioscorea trifida ( Migliori & Cadilhac, 1976 ). (dpvweb.net)
  • The purified preparations contained flexuous particles with a putative coat protein that was serologically related to potyiruses. (usda.gov)
  • Triggers host hypersensitive defense reaction in incompatible tomato plants harboring Tm-2, Tm-2nv or Tm-2(2) ToMV resistance (R) proteins. (cusabio.com)
  • Triggers host hypersensitive defense reaction in incompatible plants harboring resistance (R) proteins. (cusabio.com)
  • Aphids acquire virus after a 5 min access period and infect plants after an inoculation access period of less than 15 min ( Thouvenel & Fauquet, 1979 ). (dpvweb.net)
  • The need for large quantities of safe and effective vaccines for human and animal diseases has prompted the development of plants which can be genetically engineered to produce certain antiviral proteins. (usda.gov)
  • Those proteins could then be harvested from plants and used to make vaccines. (usda.gov)
  • Using hybrid viruses constructed by genetic engineering methods, he proved that the susceptibility of plants to the virus depends on the properties of transport proteins. (pravda.ru)
  • Systemic viral infections in plants are complex processes that require compatible virus-host interactions in multiple tissues. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Coat protein amino acid percent identities ranged from 96 % to 88 % when compared with 20 BYMV isolates from around the world. (usda.gov)
  • Takahashi M , Nishizawa T , Miyajima H , Gotanda Y , Iita T , Tsuda F , Swine hepatitis E virus strains in Japan form four phylogenetic clusters comparable with those of Japanese isolates of human hepatitis E virus. (cdc.gov)
  • The replicase proteins p33 and p92 of Cymbidium ringspot virus (CymRSV) were found to support the replication of defective interfering (DI) RNA in Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • Double-labelled immunofluorescence showed that both p33 and p92 replicase proteins localized to peroxisomes, independently of one another and of the presence of the replication template. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • This model has proven to be useful in elucidating the relationship between the host plant and both the virus replication and movement processes [ 7 , 8 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Ultrastructure and origin of cytoplasmic multivesicular bodies induced by carnation Italian ringspot virus. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • Virus-encoded movement protein (MP) mediates cell-to-cell spread of tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) through plant intercellular connections, the plasmodesmata. (ox.ac.uk)
  • An AtSRC2.2 protein fused to red fluorescent protein (RFP) was localized to the plasma membrane and specifically associated with plasmodesmata. (unige.ch)
  • The AtSRC2.2-RFP fusion also colocalized with two proteins previously shown to associate with plasmodesmata: the host protein Plasmodesmata-Localized Protein1 (PDLP1) and the CaMV movement protein (MP). (unige.ch)
  • Because P6 I-LBs colocalized with AtSRC2.2 and the P6 protein had previously been shown to interact with CaMV MP, we investigated whether P6 I-LBs might also be associated with plasmodesmata. (unige.ch)
  • We examined the colocalization of P6-RFP I-LBs with PDLP1-green fluorescent protein (GFP) and aniline blue (a stain for callose normally observed at plasmodesmata) and found that P6-RFP I-LBs were associated with each of these markers. (unige.ch)
  • The main splice variant is composed of three exons that code for a 232 amino acid protein, clarin 1. (molvis.org)
  • Meanwhile, FZ supported systemic expression of fluorescent proteins mNeonGreen and mCherry in N. benthamiana and soybean. (researchsquare.com)
  • Systemic mosaic. (dpvweb.net)
  • systemic vein netting, yellowing, mosaic and leaf deformation ( Fig. 1 ), often followed by necrosis and premature death of the plant. (dpvweb.net)
  • Systemic mosaic or latent infection. (dpvweb.net)
  • Systemic symptoms are apt to differ considerably in different leaves of the same plant: mosaic, vein-banding, green spotting or flecking, curling and mottling ( Fig. 1 , Fig. 2 , Fig. 3 , Fig. 4 , Fig. 5 ). (dpvweb.net)
  • Incompatibilities between virus and host factors at any of these stages could therefore lead to restrictions and delays establishment of a systemic infection. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Top Crop green bean is an AAS Award-winning variety of green bean developed to be disease-resistant, particularly to bean mosaic virus. (tomorrowseeds.com)
  • This overview considers these technologies and how they have been used to identify novel viral and plant proteins or genes involved in disease and resistance responses, as well as defense signaling. (springer.com)
  • notably, integration of proteomics data with in situ subcellular microscopic analyses showed a high abundance of cytoskeleton proteins associated with acidified PBs at the early development stages. (nature.com)
  • We have determined that the P6 protein interacts with a C2 calcium-dependent membrane-targeting protein (designated Arabidopsis [Arabidopsis thaliana] Soybean Response to Cold [AtSRC2.2]) in a yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) two-hybrid screen and have confirmed this interaction through coimmunoprecipitation and colocalization assays in the CaMV host Nicotiana benthamiana. (unige.ch)
  • The rod-shaped plant virus tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) is widely used as a nano-fabrication template, and chimeric peptide expression on its major coat protein has extended its potential applications. (whiterose.ac.uk)
  • RL R.W. Briddon, John Innes Institute, Dept. of Virus Research, John Innes RL Centre for Plant Science Res. (ebi.ac.uk)
  • A variety of techniques have been used to examine plant viral genomes, the functions of virus-encoded proteins, plant responses induced by virus infection and plant-virus interactions. (springer.com)
  • 2. Zaitlin, M. and Palukaitis, P. (2000) Advances in understanding plant viruses and virus disease. (springer.com)
  • 4. Takebe, I. (1983) Protoplasts in plant-virus research. (springer.com)
  • When the potato virus infects the plant that we are using, it begins to make copies of the protein. (usda.gov)
  • This system may be a valuable tool for expression of large quantities of protein foreign to the plant host, but useful as vaccines or against other microbial organisms. (usda.gov)
  • The Structure of Viruses as Determined by X-ray Diffraction," Plant Pathology: Problems and Progress, 1908-1958 , C.S. Holton, et al. (ucla.edu)
  • The virus infection resulted in significant (p≤0.05) reductions in plant height, leaf area and number of leaves produces with highest percentage difference of 39.3% (42 PID), 60.9% (35 PID) and 25.7% (49 PID), respectively. (scialert.net)
  • In the rapidly evolving field of nanotechnology, plant virus nanoparticles (pVNPs) are emerging as powerful tools in diverse applications ranging from biomedicine to materials science. (eurekaselect.com)
  • The proteinaceous structure of plant viruses allows the capsid structure to be modified by genetic engineering and/or chemical conjugation with nanoscale precision. (eurekaselect.com)
  • Furthermore, we described the versatility of plant viruses, with innate immunostimulatory properties, in providing a huge natural resource of carriers that can be used to develop the next generation of sustainable vaccines. (eurekaselect.com)
  • Viral infections and their spread throughout a plant require numerous interactions between the host and the virus. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Translation of brome mosaic viral ribonucleic acid in a cell-free system derived from wheat embryo. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • She collaborated on studies showing that the ribonucleic acid (RNA) in that virus was embedded in its protein rather than in its central cavity and that the RNA was a single-strand helix, rather than the double helix found in the DNA of bacterial viruses and higher organisms. (hindustantimes.com)
  • Her work] showed that the ribonucleic acid was not to be found in the central cavity but embedded in the protein. (ucla.edu)
  • The movement protein allows efficient cell to cell propagation, by bypassing the host cell wall barrier. (cusabio.com)
  • Together our data identified promising targets to be genetically engineered to modulate seed storage protein accumulation that have a growing role in health and nutritional issues. (nature.com)
  • Protein synthesis in tobacco mesophyll protoplasts induced by tobacco mosaic virus infection. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • In this context, pVNPs are safer than VNPs derived from mammalian viruses because there is no risk of infection or reversion to pathogenicity. (eurekaselect.com)
  • While new functions of viral proteins involved in these processes have been revealed, current knowledge of host factors involved in the spread of a viral infection is still insufficient. (biomedcentral.com)
  • RNA sequencing analysis indicated that the N protein changed the expression of certain genes involved in immune-related functions and four important signaling pathways, including JAK-STAT, TNF, NF-κB and MAPK signaling pathways, which suggested that the N protein may not only regulate the expression of genes involved in the process of resisting viral infection in macrophages of the immune system, but also change cellular signal processing. (bvsalud.org)
  • We have utilized a C-terminal His-tag to create virus coat protein-templated nano-rods able to bind gold nanoparticles uniformly. (whiterose.ac.uk)
  • Steinmetz, N.F. Virus-Based Nanoparticles as Versatile Nanomachines. (eurekaselect.com)
  • The binding of trinucleoside diphosphates to long helical rods of tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) protein is shown to depend on base sequence, 5′ AAG 3′ binding being the strongest of the 25 trinucleoside diphosphate sequences measured. (nature.com)
  • As TMV has a stoichiometry of three nucleotides per protein subunit, the sequence of TMV RNA suggested to be the nucleation site for self-assembly of the virus has three possible binding frames. (nature.com)
  • Nucleotide sequence of cucumber-mosaic-virus RNA 2 reveals a translation product significantly homologous to corresponding proteins of other viruses. (wikidata.org)
  • Tanaka E , Matsumoto A , Takeda N , Li TC , Umemura T , Yoshizawa K , Age-specific antibody to hepatitis E virus has remained constant during the past 20 years in Japan. (cdc.gov)
  • A virus with flexuous filamentous particles about 750 nm long consisting of single-stranded RNA and one coat protein, easily sap transmitted to a moderately large range of hosts and transmitted by aphids in the non-persistent manner. (dpvweb.net)
  • A virus with flexuous filamentous particles about 785 nm long, consisting of one species of single-stranded RNA and one species of coat protein. (dpvweb.net)
  • PVX-produced CMV CP subunits were capable of assembling into virus-like particles (VLPs), which were visualized by electron microscopy. (usda.gov)
  • Briggs, M. Virus-like particles in serum of patients with Australia-antigen-associated hepatitis. (eurekaselect.com)
  • Chackerian, B. Virus-like particles: flexible platforms for vaccine development. (eurekaselect.com)
  • Hochmair J, Exner C, Betzel C, Mandelkow E , Wegmann S . Light Microscopy and Dynamic Light Scattering to Study Liquid-Liquid Phase Separation of Tau Proteins In Vitro. (neurotree.org)
  • Here we describe a simple bacterial expression system for production and rapid purification of recombinant chimeric TMV coat protein carrying C-terminal peptide tags. (whiterose.ac.uk)
  • The clarin 1 protein is thought to be expressed in mouse cochlea transiently from embryonic day 18 (E18) to postnatal day 6 (P6) in basal parts of the hair cells, whereas in apical parts (stereocilia) clarin 1 expression is lost already at P1. (molvis.org)
  • Based on the results of my master's thesis, I continued work as an hourly tech to expand upon an anomaly centering on non-canonical protein expression. (mcw.edu)
  • C-terminal peptide tags in such arrays are exposed on the protein surface, allowing interaction with target species. (whiterose.ac.uk)
  • The virus is best maintained in Cucurbita pepo , which is also a good source of virus for purification. (dpvweb.net)
  • and D. cayenensis are suitable hosts for maintaining the virus and are good sources of virus for purification. (dpvweb.net)
  • N. benthamiana is a better source of virus for purification. (dpvweb.net)
  • 2014) A bromodomain-containing host protein mediates the nuclear importation of a satellite RNA of Cucumber mosaic virus. (forth.gr)
  • In 2005, at least 90% of Lupinus luteus L. seedlings (276) that were transplanted from the greenhouse to a field plot for seed regeneration developed severe virus-like symptoms with an estimated 5% mortality. (usda.gov)
  • The present study aimed to explore the immune regulatory function of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) nucleocapsid (N) protein and related mechanisms. (bvsalud.org)
  • 5. Boyer, J.C. and Haenni, A.L. (1994) Infectious transcripts and cDNA clones of RNA viruses. (springer.com)
  • Moreover, endosomal sorting complex required for transport (ESCRT)-related proteins and their transcripts are most abundant at early and mid-development. (nature.com)