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Adipose TissueFatty AcidsFatty Acids, NonesterifiedDietary FatsGlycolysisDietTriglyceridesGlucoseFatty Acids, Omega-3Fatty Acids, UnsaturatedAdipose Tissue, BrownFish OilsFatty Acids, Omega-6Adipose Tissue, WhiteSafflower OilDocosahexaenoic AcidsLiverLinoleic AcidBlood GlucoseInsulinPlant OilsLipidsDietary Fats, UnsaturatedAdipocytesAnimal FeedGlucose Transporter Type 4DeoxyglucoseFatty Acid SynthasesPhospholipidsGlucose Transporter Type 1Subcutaneous FatObesityMuscle, SkeletalLipid MetabolismLipolysisGlucose Tolerance TestMonosaccharide Transport ProteinsInsulin ResistanceGlycogenEnergy MetabolismBiological TransportLactic Acid3T3-L1 CellsFatty Acid DesaturasesFatty Acids, EssentialLactatesIntra-Abdominal FatGlycerolGlucose IntoleranceBody WeightFatty LiverFatty Acids, MonounsaturatedLeptinHexokinaseKineticsRNA, MessengerMice, ObesePalmitic AcidHypoglycemic AgentsOleic AcidFastingAdipogenesisOleic AcidsPalmitatesMice, Inbred C57BLGlucose Clamp TechniqueRats, WistarCells, CulturedSubcutaneous Fat, AbdominalPalmitic AcidsThermogenesisAdiponectinDiabetes Mellitus, Type 2Glucose Transporter Type 3AMP-Activated Protein KinasesChromatography, GasOxygen ConsumptionDiet, High-FatTime FactorsGluconeogenesisGlucose-6-PhosphateFatty Acid Transport ProteinsLipoprotein LipaseGene Expression RegulationFatty Acids, VolatileRats, Sprague-DawleyGlucose Transport Proteins, FacilitativeAdipocytes, WhiteMitochondrial ProteinsGlucagonBody CompositionCarbon IsotopesAdiposityAdipokinesLipogenesisGlucose Transporter Type 2AcetatesMuscle ProteinsStearic AcidsSignal Transduction
OxidationMetabolismFree fattyLiverGlycerolGlycogenSynthesisWhite adiposUtilizationStimulatesOxidativeMitochondriaSkeletalTriglycerideEnzymesLipolysisLipogenesisTriglyceridesLipidsGluconeogenesisCatabolismSignaling pathwayHomeostasisStorage in adiposeType 2 diabetDietaryAmino acids are absorbedFatsMetabolic pathwaysCellularPhosphorylationPyruvatePromotesHepaticObesityInducesMoleculesKinaseTransportersDiabetesMiceExcess glucoseHydrolysisMetabolitesExtrahepatic tissuesFructoseKetone bodiesIncreases glucoseReceptorNutrientsArachidonicPhysiological ConditionsBloodstream
Oxidation31
  • AdPLA deficiency also led to higher oxygen consumption due to the upregulation of genes involved in oxidative metabolism, increasing fatty acid oxidation. (wikipedia.org)
  • Fatty acid oxidation was also found to increase to levels of wild-type mice that were deficient in non-AdPLA deficient obese mice. (wikipedia.org)
  • To produce energy G-6-PO 4 (derived from monosaccharides from dietary CHO or produced from glycogen degradation by glycogenolysis) is converted by a series of enzyme reactions in the glycolytic pathway to form pyruvate or lactic acid, then to acetyl-CoA, which is also produced from fatty acid oxidation and degradation of the carbon skeleton of glucogenic amino acids ( Table 17.1 ). (oncohemakey.com)
  • Fatty acids enter the mitochondria via the carnitine transport cycle (medium chain fatty acids enter independently of carnitine) into the Ξ²-oxidation spiral in which fatty acids, via a series of enzymes, produce acetyl-CoA and electron carriers. (oncohemakey.com)
  • Increased plasma free fatty acids lead to an activation of carnitine transport mechanism resulting in increased beta oxidation increased plasma levels of Acetyl-CoA. (howmed.net)
  • Conversely, it activates enzymes involved in ATP-generating processes, such as fatty acid oxidation (e.g., carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1, CPT1) and glucose uptake (e.g., translocation of GLUT4). (alliedacademies.org)
  • The breakdown of fats is termed beta-oxidation, or "fatty acid" oxidation because the triglycerides are being oxidized into their most basic functional parts. (imingo.net)
  • Fatty acid uptake, peroxisomal and mitochondrial beta-oxidation, and omega-oxidation of fatty acids were all increased. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Quantitative real time PCR, and -in a second animal experiment- intestinal fatty acid oxidation measurements confirmed significant gene expression differences and showed in a dose-dependent manner significant changes at biological functional level. (biomedcentral.com)
  • We show that marine n-3 fatty acids regulate small intestinal gene expression and increase fatty acid oxidation. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Additionally, high circulating level of the endocannabinoid-like compound N-oleoylethanolamide (OEA) in winter could favor lipolysis and fatty acid oxidation in peripheral tissues. (biomedcentral.com)
  • DNA microarray expression profiling indicated that dietary administration of NDGA upregulated the expression of certain genes involved in fatty acid oxidation and their transcription regulator, PPARΞ±, decreased the expression of a number of lipogenic genes and relevant transcription factors, and differentially impacted the genes of fatty acid transporters, acetyl CoA synthetases, elongases, fatty acid desaturases and lipid clearance proteins in liver, skeletal muscle and adipose tissues. (biomedcentral.com)
  • These findings suggest that NDGA ameliorates hypertriglyceridemia and steatosis primarily by inhibiting lipogenesis and enhancing fatty acid catabolism in three major insulin responsive tissues by altering the expression of key enzyme genes and transcription factors involved in de novo lipogenesis and fatty acid oxidation. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Fasting also promotes lipolysis in adipose tissue to release nonesterified fatty acids which are converted into ketone bodies in the liver though mitochondrial oxidation and ketogenesis. (irjs.info)
  • NEFAs are oxidized in hepatic mitochondria through fatty acid oxidation and generate ketone body (ketogenesis). (irjs.info)
  • Diabetes causes suppressed glucose oxidation leading to inefficient energy production, enhanced fatty acid metabolism, and increased susceptibility to myocardial ischemia and reperfusion injury. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Accordingly, mechanism of enhancing myocardial energetic efficiency by stimulating glucose availability and utilization has led to the vigorous pursuit of therapeutic approaches designed to augment glucose uptake and oxidation. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Analysis of rat L6 myotubes (skeletal muscle cells) treated with the PPARΞ΄ activator, GW-501516, by gene expression studies revealed that PPARΞ΄ controls fatty acid oxidation by regulating genes involved in fatty acid transport, Ξ²-oxidation, and mitochondrial respiration. (umbrellalabs.is)
  • Accordingly, GW-501516 treatment caused fatty acid Ξ²-oxidation in L6 myotubes as well as in skeletal muscles. (umbrellalabs.is)
  • Aniamls fed GW-501516 along with a calorie-dense diet showed reducded obesity and improved insulin resistance, effects that were accompanied by enhanced metabolic rate and fatty acid Ξ²-oxidation, proliferation of mitochondria (the powerhouses of cells), and a significant reduction of lipid fat droplets in skeletal muscles. (umbrellalabs.is)
  • These results strongly suggest that PPARΞ΄ activated by GW-501516 is pivotal to control the program for fatty acid oxidation in the skeletal muscle, thereby protecting against body fat increases and insulin resistance. (umbrellalabs.is)
  • The Krebs cycle, also known as the citric acid cycle, is responsible for the oxidation of acetyl-CoA, producing energy in the form of ATP, NADH, and FADH2. (proprofs.com)
  • The heart efficiently extracts these fatty acids and transports them into cardiomyocytes, where they undergo beta-oxidation in the mitochondria. (vijayamarakala.com)
  • Similarly, during prolonged fasting or in states of increased fatty acid oxidation, ketone bodies (acetoacetate and Ξ²-hydroxybutyrate) can serve as alternative substrates for energy production in the heart. (vijayamarakala.com)
  • In addition to fatty acid beta-oxidation and glucose metabolism, the mitochondria are also involved in metabolizing lactate and ketone bodies to sustain energy production. (vijayamarakala.com)
  • Under normal aerobic conditions, the heart predominantly relies on fatty acid oxidation, which is more efficient in generating ATP. (vijayamarakala.com)
  • A study using mouse models that was recently reported in Science (2019;363:644-9) found YAP to be responsible for metastasis in LNs through metabolic reprogramming, which causes tumors to shift from glycolysis to fatty acid oxidation (FAO) for energy production when metastasized to LNs ( 10 ). (amegroups.org)
  • We found that ligand activation of PPARΞ³ dramatically induced de novo lipid synthesis as well as fatty acid beta (Ξ²)-oxidation in lung cancer both in vitro and in vivo . (oncotarget.com)
  • Pressure overload cardiac hypertrophy, a risk factor for heart failure, is associated with reduced mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation (FAO) and oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) proteins that correlate in rodents with reduced PGC-1? (omicsdi.org)
  • is repressed in concert with reduced mitochondrial oxidative capacity and fatty acid oxidation (FAO). (omicsdi.org)
  • In diabetic mice, fatty acid oxidation (FAO) proteins were less abundant in liver mitochondria, whereas FAO protein content was induced in mitochondria from all other tissues. (omicsdi.org)
Metabolism32
  • Commonly the term metabolism defines the breakdown of food and how its components (carbohydrates, fats and proteins) are transformed into energy via a sequence of chemical reactions (metabolic pathways) which are controlled by large numbers of different enzymes. (oncohemakey.com)
  • Figure 17.1 illustrates the metabolic processes involved in the overall metabolism of carbohydrates, fats and protein including the catabolic processes to produce energy and urea (the product of the detoxification of the nitrogen moiety of amino acids) and anabolic processes to form tissue protein and energy stores, glycogen and lipids. (oncohemakey.com)
  • Figure 17.1 Summary of metabolism of carbohydrates, fats and proteins. (oncohemakey.com)
  • Cellular carbohydrate (CHO) metabolism involves both catabolic (glycolysis, glycogenolysis) and anabolic processes (glycogenesis, gluconeogenesis). (oncohemakey.com)
  • Queries of genes that impact mitochondrial function or pathways leading to transcription of lipid metabolism genes identified the fatty acid importer CD36 as highly expressed in Treg but not Teff from subjects with prediabetes. (diabetesjournals.org)
  • c Somatostatin's effects on metabolism are indirect via suppression of secretion of insulin, glucagon, growth hormone, and thyroid hormone and by effects on gastric acid secretion, gastric emptying time, and pancreatic exocrine secretion (see text). (basicmedicalkey.com)
  • The aim of this review was to summarize and discuss current knowledge on the impact of dietary fibre as modulator of the relationship between glucose metabolism and microbiota composition in humans. (springer.com)
  • More specifically, we analysed evidence from observational studies and randomized nutritional intervention investigating the relationship between gut microbiota, short-chain fatty acids and glucose metabolism. (springer.com)
  • Indeed, it may influence multiple physiological mechanisms related to human health, i.e. synthesis of micronutrients, defence against pathogens, regulation of glucose and lipid metabolism, and immune function [ 1 ]. (springer.com)
  • Therefore, in this review, we summarized current evidence from observational and intervention studies performed in humans investigating the relationship between the composition of the gut microbiota, concentration of SCFA and glucose metabolism. (springer.com)
  • Insulin promotes glucose uptake and metabolism by the skeletal muscles. (howmed.net)
  • The insulin signaling pathway is a central regulator of energy metabolism, particularly in the context of glucose homeostasis. (alliedacademies.org)
  • Fatty acid metabolism plays a central role in energy homeostasis and related disorders such as the metabolic syndrome, obesity or type-II diabetes. (123dok.net)
  • Ever plays a major role in cholesterol and lipoprotein metabolism and is the major site of production and removal of cholesterol rich lipoproteins and bile acids. (nihatodabasi.com)
  • Lipoprotein metabolism is con-trolled by the activity of functional proteins (enzymes, cell surface receptors, receptor ligands) that deter-mine the rate at which lipoproteins enter and leave the system, and by the physicochemical properties of the lipoprotein themselves. (nihatodabasi.com)
  • References: [6] Fatty acid metabolism. (imingo.net)
  • Key difference: Aerobic Glycolysis is the metabolism of glucose, whereas, Aerobic Lipolysis is the metabolism of fat. (imingo.net)
  • We hypothesized that, using long-term dietary intervention studies, dietary fatty acid composition may modulate gene expression and lipid metabolism in the intestine, and that especially EPA and DHA may stimulate expression of genes involved in lipid catabolism. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The observed reduction in ECS tone may promote fatty acid mobilization from body fat stores, and favor carbohydrate metabolism in skeletal muscle of hibernating bears. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Aberrant energy rate of metabolism in the liver promotes insulin resistance, diabetes, and nonalcoholic fatty liver diseases (NAFLD). (irjs.info)
  • Multiple nutrient, hormonal, and neuronal signals have been recognized to regulate glucose, lipid, and amino acid rate of metabolism in the liver. (irjs.info)
  • Dysfunction of liver signaling and rate of metabolism causes or predisposes to nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and/or type 2 diabetes. (irjs.info)
  • This study will be of high interest to those in the adipose tissue biology and metabolism fields. (elifesciences.org)
  • Therefore, insulin's long-term effects include increasing the synthesis of these enzymes, which play important roles in glucose metabolism and energy production. (proprofs.com)
  • Insulin signaling affects multiple downstream pathways including mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), which controls growth, sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1 (SREBP-1), which stimulates the synthesis of lipid and cholesterol as well as the family of Forkhead (FOXO) transcription factors regulating metabolism and autophagy [ 9 ] [ 10 ] . (encyclopedia.pub)
  • Glucose is another crucial substrate for myocardial metabolism. (vijayamarakala.com)
  • Glycolysis, the initial step of glucose metabolism, takes place in the cytosol of cardiomyocytes. (vijayamarakala.com)
  • In this study, LN-metastatic tumors showed greater upregulation than primary tumors of genes involved in fatty acid metabolism, adipogenesis, bile acid metabolism, cholesterol homeostasis, and oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS). (amegroups.org)
  • The modern view believes that lactic acid is an important carbon source and signal molecule for cell metabolism. (medicaltrend.org)
  • LDHA converts pyruvate into lactic acid and NAD+, while LDHB converts lactic acid into pyruvate to promote oxidative metabolism. (medicaltrend.org)
  • deficient mice exhibited greater degrees of oxidative stress, decreased cardiac efficiency, lower rates of glucose metabolism, and repression of hexokinase II protein.PGC-1? (omicsdi.org)
  • plays an important role in maintaining baseline mitochondrial function and cardiac contractile function following pressure overload hypertrophy by preserving glucose metabolism and preventing oxidative stress. (omicsdi.org)
Free fatty10
Liver24
Glycerol6
Glycogen6
Synthesis7
  • It also stimulates the synthesis of proteins in tissues such as muscle. (basicmedicalkey.com)
  • Insulin increase protein synthesis by increasing amino acid transport into the cells as well as by increasing DNA transcription and RNA translation. (howmed.net)
  • Thus the protein synthesis stops. (howmed.net)
  • When activated, AMPK phosphorylates and inhibits enzymes involved in ATP-consuming processes, such as fatty acid synthesis (e.g., acetyl-CoA carboxylase, ACC) and protein synthesis (e.g., mammalian target of rapamycin, mTOR). (alliedacademies.org)
  • Acetyl CoA is used for fatty acid synthesis and ____ synthesis. (proprofs.com)
  • Strikingly, adipose ACC1 KO induces a strong iWAT thermogenic response similar to FASN KO while also blocking malonyl-CoA and palmitate synthesis. (biomed.news)
  • Thus, citric acid cycle intermedi- ates are not used for adenosine triphosphate (ATP) production and are shuttled out of the mitochondria, providing precursors for nucleotide, amino acid, and lipid synthesis path- ways for the dividing cell [13]. (who.int)
White adipos3
Utilization4
Stimulates1
  • Like pancreatic lipase and LPL, which are much more active in the presence of protein coactivators, ATGL catalytic activity is increased by the activator protein comparative gene identification-58 (CGI-58), which therefore stimulates the first step of intracellular lipolysis. (imingo.net)
Oxidative6
Mitochondria4
Skeletal2
  • It functions like a hub to metabolically connect to numerous cells, including skeletal muscle mass and adipose cells. (irjs.info)
  • In certain situations, such as during intense exercise or under conditions of limited oxygen availability, lactate produced in other tissues, like skeletal muscle, can be taken up by the heart and used as an additional energy source. (vijayamarakala.com)
Triglyceride3
  • During lipolysis, intracellular TAG undergoes hydrolysis through the action of three major lipases: adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL/desnutrin/phospholipase A2ΞΆ), HSL, and monoacylglycerol (MGL) lipase. (imingo.net)
  • The first and rate-limiting step of lipolysis involves the enzyme, adipose triglyceride lipase (or ATGL), which is sensitive to hormones. (imingo.net)
  • This study introduces a valuable paradigm in the field of adipose tissue biology: blocking triglyceride storage in adipose tissue does not lead to lipodystrophy and impaired glucose homeostasis but instead improves metabolic health. (elifesciences.org)
Enzymes3
  • It belongs to a superfamily of phospholipase A2 (PLA2) enzymes and is found primarily in adipose tissue. (wikipedia.org)
  • WAT is responsible for releasing fatty acids from stored triacylglycerol as energy sources for other tissues which is regulated predominately by AdPLA over other phospholipase A2 enzymes. (wikipedia.org)
  • Enzymes themselves are proteins. (oncohemakey.com)
Lipolysis5
  • AdPLA regulates adipocyte lipolysis and release of fatty acids through a G-protein coupled pathway involving prostaglandin and EP3. (wikipedia.org)
  • Studies on AdPLA have shown lipolysis regulation following a G-protein coupled pathway in WAT. (wikipedia.org)
  • Adipocyte hypotrophy was attributed primarily to reduced triacylglyceride content in WAT from lipolysis, while adipocyte differentiation did not play a role in reduced adipose tissue despite the effects of prostaglandins on adipogenesis. (wikipedia.org)
  • Studies on AdPLA deficient and genetically obese mice (leptin deficiency) have also shown similar effects, reduced adipose tissue mass and increased lipolysis by reduction in PGE2 and EP3 activity. (wikipedia.org)
  • Fats are ready and available for when our glucose stores run low between meals, and it makes sense for lipolysis to occur as it will facilitate the movement of these stored fats through our bloodstream. (imingo.net)
Lipogenesis1
Triglycerides3
Lipids1
  • We explored circulating lipids in serum and the ECS in plasma and metabolically active tissues in free-ranging subadult Scandinavian brown bears when both active and hibernating. (biomedcentral.com)
Gluconeogenesis1
Catabolism2
  • Catabolism is the breakdown of large complex molecules to provide energy for cellular activity and smaller compounds, e.g. amino acids, needed for anabolic reactions or for elimination from the body. (oncohemakey.com)
  • Absence of insulin leads to increased protein catabolism and depletion of protein stores which leads to an increase in plasma amino acids. (howmed.net)
Signaling pathway2
  • PGE2 enters the signaling pathway binding to G protein-coupled receptor (EP3) which inhibits adenylyl cyclase. (wikipedia.org)
  • Insulin signaling pathway activates phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K), which phosphorylates and activates Akt (also known as protein kinase B). Akt regulates glucose transport by promoting the translocation of glucose transporters, such as GLUT4, to the plasma membrane. (alliedacademies.org)
Homeostasis2
  • While the metabolic pathways involved in fatty acid homeostasis are quite well understood and referenced, the genetic regulations are much less accurately described. (123dok.net)
  • Its relevance in maintaining brain tissue homeostasis from development to aging and neurodegenerative diseases is undisputed but, nonetheless, many fundamental questions about the biology of the process remain open: How is phagocytosis efficiency regulated at the cellular and molecular levels? (frontiersin.org)
Storage in adipose1
Type 2 diabet1
  • GLP-1 has insulinotropic, insulinomimetic, and glucagonostatic effects, thereby exerting multiple complementary actions to lower blood glucose in subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus. (biomedcentral.com)
Dietary6
  • Dietary protein is broken down into 20 individual amino acids for absorption. (oncohemakey.com)
  • Dietary polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), in particular the long chain marine fatty acids docosahexaenoic (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic (EPA), are linked to many health benefits in humans and in animal models. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Dietary administration of NDGA decreased plasma levels of TG, glucose, and insulin, and attenuated hepatic TG accumulation. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The ____ is the first tissue to have the opportunity to use dietary glucose. (proprofs.com)
  • The 2005 Dietary Guidelines, as well as the Canadian Food Guide, recommend that the energy proportion of the total energy value supplied from fatty acids be 10% composed of saturated, 10% polyunsaturated and 10% monounsaturated, as well as inclusion of sources of essential fatty acids, which should vary between 8 to 10g per day. (lupinepublishers.com)
  • Our laboratory is focused on (1) the understanding of the role of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in fat development in DIO in mice, and (2) to study the effect of dietary on white adipose progenitor cells proliferation and differentiation. (utah.edu)
Amino acids are absorbed1
Fats1
Metabolic pathways2
  • Among microbial metabolites, short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) are modulators of different metabolic pathways. (springer.com)
  • Analyzing the various intracellular metabolic pathways [e.g., the glycolysis system, the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, electron transport chain, etc.] is important when trying to understand cellular states. (dojindo.com)
Cellular4
  • AMP-Activated Protein Kinase (AMPK) is a master regulator of cellular energy status. (alliedacademies.org)
  • In the ischemic myocardium, an increase in glucose uptake and subsequent ATP generated through glycolysis helps to sustain myocardial electric and mechanical performance, maintains cellular ultrastructure, promotes myocardial recovery. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Akt signaling prompts glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) to translocate to the cell membrane where it initiates cellular glucose uptake. (encyclopedia.pub)
  • The term "oncotarget" encompasses all molecules, pathways, cellular functions, cell types, and even tissues that can be viewed as targets relevant to cancer as well as other diseases. (oncotarget.com)
Phosphorylation1
  • Inhibitor FX11 inhibits LDHA activity of macrophages, and can down-regulate pro-inflammatory cytokines, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase 2 (COX2) by inhibiting mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase phosphorylation , Thus playing an anti-inflammatory effect. (medicaltrend.org)
Pyruvate4
  • It is also metabolized to generate pyruvate through glycolysis. (irjs.info)
  • Pyruvate kinase is an enzyme involved in the final step of glycolysis, where it catalyzes the conversion of phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) to pyruvate, generating ATP. (proprofs.com)
  • Glucose is taken up by cardiomyocytes and undergoes glycolysis in the cytosol, producing pyruvate. (vijayamarakala.com)
  • It involves a series of enzymatic reactions that convert glucose into pyruvate and produce a small amount of ATP and reducing equivalents in the form of NADH. (vijayamarakala.com)
Promotes2
  • Efferocytosis not only prevents tissue necrosis and inflammation caused by secondary necrosis of dying cells, but it also promotes pro-resolving signaling in macrophages, which is essential for tissue resolution and repair following injury or inflammation. (biomed.news)
  • the microenvironment of chronic inflammatory tissue promotes inflammation and delays the regression of inflammation. (medicaltrend.org)
Hepatic1
  • however, deletion of does not impact hepatic glucose production in the fasted state (231), suggesting that glucose is able become released from hepatocytes through additional transporters (e.g. (irjs.info)
Obesity4
  • One upregulated gene in particular, uncoupling protein-1 (UCP1), has been shown to reduce diet-induced obesity. (wikipedia.org)
  • One potential benefit of fenugreek is improving elevated blood glucose and lipid levels associated with chronic conditions such as diabetes and obesity. (lww.com)
  • The Boudina Laboratory we are interested in understanding the molecular mechanisms involved in weight gain regulation and adipose tissue expansion in diet-induced obesity (DIO). (utah.edu)
  • Poster session presented at J4: Obesity and Adipose Tissue Biology, Keystone Resort, Keystone, Colorado. (utah.edu)
Induces1
  • A Fatty Diet Induces a Jejunal Ketogenesis Which Inhibits Local SGLT1-Based Glucose Transport via an Acetylation Mechanism-Results from a Randomized Cross-Over Study between Iso-Caloric High-Fat versus High-Carbohydrate Diets in Healthy Volunteers. (gu.se)
Molecules5
  • Anabolism is the formation and storage of complex compounds needed for growth, tissue repair and energy storage from simpler molecules. (oncohemakey.com)
  • Cells and organisms use lipoproteins to move hydrophobic lipid molecules, which are not water soluble, through the aqueous blood and tissue lymph environment. (nihatodabasi.com)
  • Amino acids are metabolized to provide energy or CC-5013 novel inhibtior CC-5013 novel inhibtior used to synthesize proteins, glucose, and/or additional bioactive molecules. (irjs.info)
  • The apoptotic cell cargo contains amino acids, nucleotides, fatty acids, and cholesterol that function as metabolites and signaling molecules to bring about this re-programming. (biomed.news)
  • GSD type Id is deficiency in a transporter that translocates free glucose molecules from microsomes into the cytosol. (medscape.com)
Kinase2
  • Lower levels of cAMP decrease the activity of protein kinase A to phosphorylate, thereby activating, hormone-sensitive lipase. (wikipedia.org)
  • Upstream of YAP/TAZ is large tumor suppressor kinase 1/2 (LATS1/2), which is a kinase that inhibits YAP/TAZ with the help of adaptor proteins MOB kinase activator 1 A/B (MOB1A/B) by phosphorylating YAP/TAZ on serine residues. (amegroups.org)
Transporters1
  • Moreover, G6P is unable to become transported by glucose transporters, so it is definitely retained within hepatocytes. (irjs.info)
Diabetes4
  • Human investigations suggest that fenugreek can be beneficial as an adjunct in controlling high blood glucose and lipid levels in people with diabetes. (lww.com)
  • Despite a modest body weight change relative to placebo-treated mice, GW-501516 treatment also improved diabetes as revealed by the decrease in blood glucose and blood insulin levels in genetically obese animals. (umbrellalabs.is)
  • Overall, our results illustrate that both exercise and antioxidant intervention improve blood glucose control in diabetes by promoting redox balance, despite different levels of redox state(s). (elifesciences.org)
  • Utilizing the in-vitro studies as well as rats models, this manuscript illustrates the different regulatory mechanisms of exercise and antioxidant intervention on redox balance/redox state(s) that are linked to improved glucose control and thereby effective management of diabetes. (elifesciences.org)
Mice5
  • AdPLA deficiency was shown to reduce adipose tissue mass for mice in both standard and high fat diets. (wikipedia.org)
  • Body composition also showed a higher percentage of water and lean tissue mass compared to non-AdPLA deficient obese mice. (wikipedia.org)
  • To generate mice lacking TGs in adipose tissue (ADGAT DKO), we crossed adipose tissue-specific Dgat1 knockout mice (Cre-transgene expressed under control of the mouse adiponectin promoter 3 ) with Dgat2 flox mice 4 . (elifesciences.org)
  • Deletion of the RBP4 receptor STRA6L in CD11c+ immune cells protects mice from diet-induced glucose intolerance and insulin resistance. (utah.edu)
  • Tissue-specific remodeling of the mitochondrial proteome in type 1 diabetic akita mice. (omicsdi.org)
Excess glucose1
Hydrolysis1
  • Optimum AdPLA activity occurs in relatively basic conditions, between pH 7 and 9, to facilitate formation of a histidine-water complex and subsequent fatty acid hydrolysis. (wikipedia.org)
Metabolites2
  • Metabolites and energy sources [e.g., glucose, lactate, and NAD(P) + /NAD(P)H] are the indicators used for analyzing intracellular metabolisms. (dojindo.com)
  • The tumor tissue exhausts local energy, forcing neighboring immune cells to process high-concentration metabolites such as lactic acid in the absence of nutrients, leading to immunosuppression and tumor growth. (medicaltrend.org)
Extrahepatic tissues1
  • Ketone bodies provide a metabolic fuel for extrahepatic tissues. (irjs.info)
Fructose1
Ketone bodies1
  • 5) increasing the intrinsic radioresistance of normal cells through ketone bodies but decreasing that of tumor cells by targeting glycolysis. (springer.com)
Increases glucose1
  • Glucose is definitely phosphorylated by glucokinase in hepatocytes to generate glucose 6-phosphate (G6P), CC-5013 novel inhibtior leading Rabbit Polyclonal to B4GALT1 to a reduction in intracellular glucose concentrations which further increases glucose uptake (Fig. 1). (irjs.info)
Receptor2
  • This mechanism was postulated on the basis that the predominant signaling protein and receptor present in WAT are PGE2 and EP3. (wikipedia.org)
  • The blood carries the hormones to target cells that contain specific receptor proteins for the hormones, and which therefore can respond in a specific fashion to them. (50webs.org)
Nutrients5
  • Hypoxia and genetic defects that chronically drive proliferation leave such tumors dependent on a steady supply of nutrients, especially glucose. (springer.com)
  • However, in the well-fed state, there is an abundance of nutrients available, particularly glucose. (proprofs.com)
  • They metabolize these nutrients to synthesize and nucleic acids and to produce energy such as ATP. (dojindo.com)
  • Since glutamine and cysteine are essential nutrients for glutathione production, cancer cells take up large amounts of these amino acids. (dojindo.com)
  • The heart is a remarkable organ responsible for tirelessly pumping blood throughout the body to supply oxygen and nutrients to every tissue. (vijayamarakala.com)
Arachidonic3
  • AdPLA catalyzes the rate-limiting step, production of arachidonic acid, for the production of prostaglandins, specifically prostaglandin E2 (PGE2). (wikipedia.org)
  • In winter bear serum, in addition to a 2-fold increase in total fatty acid concentration, we found significant changes in relative proportions of circulating fatty acids, such as a 2-fold increase in docosahexaenoic acid C22:6 n-3 and a decrease in arachidonic acid C20:4 n-6. (biomedcentral.com)
  • 1. Arachidonic acid may not be considered as an essential fatty acid. (medical-junction.com)
Physiological Conditions1
  • Fatty acids are the preferred source of energy for the heart under normal physiological conditions. (vijayamarakala.com)
Bloodstream1
  • It can be obtained from the bloodstream and serves as an essential source of energy, especially during periods of increased workload or when fatty acid availability is limited. (vijayamarakala.com)