AnatomyOrganismsDiseasesChemicals and DrugsAnalytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and EquipmentPhenomena and ProcessesInformation ScienceHealth Care
DNA-Directed RNA PolymerasesRNADNARNA Polymerase IDNA-Directed DNA PolymeraseRNA Polymerase IIMolecular Sequence DataTranscription, GeneticBase SequenceRNA Polymerase IIIAmanitinsRNA, ViralTemplates, GeneticRNA, Small InterferingRNA ReplicasePromoter Regions, GeneticRNA VirusesDNA-Binding ProteinsAmino Acid SequenceEscherichia coliBinding SitesNucleic Acid ConformationTranscription FactorsRNA, RibosomalProtein BindingDNA Polymerase IRNA EditingDNA Polymerase IICell NucleusRNA SplicingMutationBacteriophage T7RNA, BacterialRNA, Double-StrandedModels, MolecularDNA Polymerase IIIRNA, MessengerDNA ReplicationSaccharomyces cerevisiaeHypertrophyRNA InterferenceDNA, ViralKineticsBacteriophage T3RNA, FungalDNA Polymerase betaGene Expression RegulationCell LineNucleotidesTATA-Box Binding ProteinAlpha-AmanitinRNA, PlantRNA, Small NuclearRNA, TransferElectrophoretic Mobility Shift AssayNuclear ProteinsManganeseProteinsThermusCatalytic DomainHeLa CellsRNA, CatalyticSequence Homology, Amino AcidBacteriophage N4Ammonium SulfateEukaryotic CellsRNA Processing, Post-TranscriptionalConserved SequenceBase PairingRNA NucleotidyltransferasesNucleotidyltransferasesRNA FoldingCell NucleolusTaq PolymeraseDeoxyribonucleotidesRNA-Directed DNA PolymeraseSequence AlignmentViral ProteinsSubstrate SpecificityMacromolecular SubstancesProtein SubunitsUracil NucleotidesDeoxycytosine NucleotidesPlant VirusesRNA, AntisenseSaccharomyces cerevisiae ProteinsPlasmidsNupharRNA StabilityTransfectionT-PhagesTranscriptional Elongation FactorsDNA RepairDeoxyguanine NucleotidesCells, CulturedRNA HelicasesMagnesiumProtein Structure, TertiaryArchaeal ProteinsThymine Nucleotides
TranscriptionGeneEnzymeArabidopsisSubunit familyGenomeLargest subunitMRNARNAPSequenceGeneticViralHigh-throughput RNARibonucleic acidSubunitsCellularRibonucleoproteinPutativeOmegaStructural ClassifiMoleculeMolecularMutationYeastBacteriaSequencesBacteriophageBiogenesisCytoplasmSingle-strandedReplicationAnnotationNCBIBiologicalPredictionRecombinantGenesMacromoleculesMitochondrialPolymorphismAlignments
Transcription7
  • RNA polymerase (RNAP) performs various tasks during transcription by changing its conformational states, which are gradually becoming clarified. (nih.gov)
  • The genome atlases allowed for distinguishing distinct DNA structures and highlighted suspicious high transcription zones. (mdpi.com)
  • DNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RNAP) catalyzes the transcription of DNA into RNA using the four ribonucleoside triphosphates as substrates. (expasy.org)
  • Biological process: DNA-templated transcription. (expasy.org)
  • Specialized cell structures called ribosomes are the cellular organelles that actually synthesize the proteins (RNA transcription). (cdc.gov)
  • Retroviruses use reverse transcription to create a double-stranded DNA copy (a provirus) of their RNA genome, which is inserted into the genome of their host cell. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Because RNA transcription does not involve the same error-checking mechanisms as DNA transcription, RNA viruses, particularly retroviruses, are particularly prone to mutation. (msdmanuals.com)
Gene12
  • The canonical function of a bacterial sigma (σ) factor is to determine the gene specificity of the RNA polymerase (RNAP). (nih.gov)
  • IMPORTANCE RNA synthesis is the first step of gene expression. (nih.gov)
  • CUL3 ASD-associated genetic variants are most often de novo missense or loss of function (loF) mutations, dispersed throughout the entire gene and affecting distinct protein domains. (nature.com)
  • The enzyme consists of a protein component with reverse transcriptase activity, and an RNA component, encoded by this gene, that serves as a template for the telomere repeat. (nih.gov)
  • A catalytic reverse transcriptase protein (TERT) encoded by the TERT gene plays a critical role in the activation of telomerase. (elsevierpure.com)
  • The protein encoded by this gene is a subunit of both RNA polymerase I and RNA polymerase III complexes. (nih.gov)
  • Note that this term is in the subset of terms that should not be used for direct gene product annotation. (planteome.org)
  • We present a new method for performing gene-centric assembly, called protein-alignment-guided assembly, and provide an implementation in our metagenome analysis tool MEGAN. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Protein-alignment-guided assembly of orthologous gene families complements whole-metagenome assembly in a new and very useful way. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In this paper, we present a new approach to gene-centric assembly that we call protein-alignment-guided assembly . (biomedcentral.com)
  • The main technical contribution of this paper is the design and implementation of a "protein-alignment-guided" assembly algorithm that is explicitly designed for gene-centric assembly. (biomedcentral.com)
  • High-throughput RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) has revolutionized our understanding of gene expression. (cdc.gov)
Enzyme5
  • The multisubunit RNA polymerase (RNAP) is the central enzyme responsible for RNA synthesis in bacteria. (nih.gov)
  • This enzyme belongs to the family of transferases, specifically those transferring a phosphate group to the sidechain oxygen atom of serine or threonine residues in proteins (protein-serine/threonine kinases). (wikipedia.org)
  • The systematic name of this enzyme class is ATP:[DNA-directed RNA polymerase] phosphotransferase. (wikipedia.org)
  • The clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)-associated enzyme Cas9 is an RNA-guided endonuclease that uses RNA-DNA base-pairing to target foreign DNA in bacteria. (nature.com)
  • Author Manuscript and RNA repair protein AlkB-derived enzyme mixture was first used to remove methylations at the Watson-Crick face. (cdc.gov)
Arabidopsis1
Subunit family2
  • Polymerase (RNA) II (DNA directed) Polypeptide K, also known as POLR2K is am ember of the archaeal RpoP/eukaryotic RPC10 RNA polymerase subunit family. (prospecbio.com)
  • Belongs to the eukaryotic RPB7/RPC8 RNA polymerase subunit family. (expasy.org)
Genome7
  • Cas9-guide RNA complexes are also effective genome engineering agents in animals and plants. (nature.com)
  • RNA-guided human genome engineering via Cas9. (nature.com)
  • RNA-programmed genome editing in human cells. (nature.com)
  • Genome engineering of Drosophila with the CRISPR RNA-guided Cas9 nuclease. (nature.com)
  • Positive-sense RNA viruses possess a single-stranded RNA genome that can serve as messenger RNA (mRNA) that can be directly translated to produce an amino acid sequence. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Negative-sense RNA viruses possess a single-stranded negative-sense genome that first must synthesize a complementary positive-sense antigenome, which is then used to make genomic negative-sense RNA. (msdmanuals.com)
  • the genome of RNA viruses ranges from 3.5 kilobases (some retroviruses) to 27 kilobases (some reoviruses), and the genome of DNA viruses ranges from 5 kilobases (some parvoviruses) to 280 kilobases (some poxviruses). (msdmanuals.com)
Largest subunit3
  • RNA polymerase II largest subunit [Aca. (nig.ac.jp)
  • largest subunit of the RNA polymerase. (nig.ac.jp)
  • RNA polymerase II largest subunit [As. (nig.ac.jp)
MRNA2
  • RNA polymerases read the codes from specific areas of the DNA and transcribe the information into a mRNA copy of the DNA. (cdc.gov)
  • At the ribosome, the processed mRNA is translated to produce proteins from amino acid units. (cdc.gov)
RNAP1
  • The dissociable sigma (σ) factor subunit directs the RNAP to different sets of genes to allow their expression in response to various cellular needs. (nih.gov)
Sequence4
  • Cdc13p, a sequence-specific telomere-DNA-binding protein, is also required for action in vivo. (princeton.edu)
  • Depending on the goals of the project, the short reads can either be subjected to direct sequence analysis or be assembled into longer contigs. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Competition assays provide evidence that DNA strand separation and RNA-DNA heteroduplex formation initiate at the PAM and proceed directionally towards the distal end of the target sequence. (nature.com)
  • 1. Is electrophilic or can be metabolical y activated to electrophiles does not alter the linear sequence of nucleotides (or bases) in the DNA, 2. (who.int)
Genetic3
  • Direct and indirect ionization of DNA is ultimately responsible for the DNA alterations that adversely affect the structural and genetic integrity of the system. (cdc.gov)
  • either DNA or RNA viruses may have single or double strands of genetic material. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Once the provirus is integrated into the host cell DNA, it is transcribed using typical cellular mechanisms to produce viral proteins and genetic material. (msdmanuals.com)
Viral7
  • Cyclic oligonucleotide-based antiphage signalling systems (CBASS) protect prokaryotes from viral (phage) attack through the production of cyclic oligonucleotides, which activate effector proteins that trigger the death of the infected host1,2. (bvsalud.org)
  • As the mammalian cyclase OAS1 also binds viral double-stranded RNA during the interferon response, our results reveal a conserved mechanism for the activation of innate antiviral defence pathways. (bvsalud.org)
  • Features include the internal viral capsid, which contains the viral ribonucleic acid (RNA), and components of the virus' external lipid membrane. (cdc.gov)
  • Some viruses have an outer envelope consisting of protein and lipid, surrounding a protein capsid complex with genomic RNA or DNA and sometimes enzymes needed for the first steps of viral replication. (msdmanuals.com)
  • The process by which a VIRAL RNA molecule is duplicated. (bvsalud.org)
  • Currently, there are three basic types of tests to determine if an individual has been infected with SARS-CoV-2: viral nucleic acid (RNA) detection, viral antigen detection, and detection of antibodies to the virus. (medscape.com)
  • Initial direct viral detection is typically performed using an upper respiratory tract (URT) specimen. (medscape.com)
High-throughput RNA1
  • High-throughput RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) and bioinformatics were used to identify the potential microorganisms. (asm.org)
Ribonucleic acid1
  • The definitive determinant of XLA is the complete absence of BTK ribonucleic acid (RNA) or protein. (medscape.com)
Subunits1
Cellular4
  • E3 ubiquitin ligases regulate cellular protein composition by providing target recognition and specificity to the ubiquitin-dependent proteasomal degradation pathway 12 . (nature.com)
  • CUL3 is a conserved protein of the Cullin family, comprising eight members, which contain a conserved cullin homology domain, named after its ability to select cellular proteins for degradation. (nature.com)
  • Saccharomyces cerevisiae has proven to be a useful model organism for the study of telomerase, a specialized cellular reverse transcriptase that helps maintain genomic stability by adding telomeric DNA repeats to the ends of chromosomes. (princeton.edu)
  • Author Manuscript class of cellular RNA for which the standard sequencing methods cannot yet be applied efficiently and quantitatively, although attempts have been made (e.g. ref 2). (cdc.gov)
Ribonucleoprotein1
  • Telomerase is a ribonucleoprotein polymerase that maintains telomere ends by addition of the telomere repeat TTAGGG. (nih.gov)
Putative1
Omega1
  • DNA-directed RNA polymerase subunit omega (Clostridium botulinum A2 str. (nih.gov)
Structural Classifi1
Molecule3
  • Here we use single-molecule and bulk biochemical experiments to determine how Cas9-RNA interrogates DNA to find specific cleavage sites. (nature.com)
  • These mutations affect critical residues in the cytoplasmic BTK protein and are highly variable and uniformly dispersed throughout the molecule. (medscape.com)
  • Direct macromolecule damage by radiation involves partial or complete energy transfer to one or more electrons on the molecule. (cdc.gov)
Molecular3
  • At the molecular level, Cul3 regulates cytoskeletal and adhesion protein abundance in mouse embryos. (nature.com)
  • Molecular function: DNA-directed 5'-3' RNA polymerase activity. (expasy.org)
  • Specific molecular analysis is made by single-strand confirmation polymorphism (SSCP), direct DNA analysis, denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis, or reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction to search for the BTK mutation. (medscape.com)
Mutation3
  • The bar plot below shows the proportion of tumor samples that have any kind of altering mutation(s) in the given protein. (phosphosite.org)
  • Novel POLR1C mutation in RNA polymerase III-related leukodystrophy with severe myoclonus and dystonia. (nih.gov)
  • This is thought to be due to a mutation in the protein, rather than a complete absence. (medscape.com)
Yeast2
  • No yeast two-hybrid interactions found for this protein. (yeastrc.org)
  • Yeast telomerase is thought to be a holoenzyme containing Est2p and TLC1 RNA, the catalytic subunit and its intrinsic template, respectively, as well as the TLC1-RNA-associated factors Est1p and Est3p. (princeton.edu)
Bacteria1
  • The identifications of selected bacteria from throat swabs via RNA-seq were confirmed by culture. (asm.org)
Sequences1
  • Non-target DNA binding affinity scales with PAM density, and sequences fully complementary to the guide RNA but lacking a nearby PAM are ignored by Cas9-RNA. (nature.com)
Bacteriophage2
  • Here we show that staphylococcal phages produce a structured RNA transcribed from the terminase subunit genes, termed CBASS-activating bacteriophage RNA (cabRNA), which binds to a positively charged surface of the CdnE03 cyclase and promotes the synthesis of the cyclic dinucleotide cGAMP to activate the CBASS immune response. (bvsalud.org)
  • The CRISPR/Cas bacterial immune system cleaves bacteriophage and plasmid DNA. (nature.com)
Biogenesis1
Cytoplasm1
Single-stranded1
  • Influenza is a single-stranded, helically shaped, RNA virus of the orthomyxovirus family. (cdc.gov)
Replication1
  • Certain single-strand, (+) sense RNA viruses termed retroviruses use a very different method of replication. (msdmanuals.com)
Annotation1
  • Direct annotations to this term may be amended during annotation QC. (planteome.org)
NCBI1
  • Genes are assembled on the fly, based on the alignment of all reads against a protein reference database such as NCBI-nr. (biomedcentral.com)
Biological2
  • Despite its biological importance, transfer RNA (tRNA) could not be adequately sequenced by Author Manuscript standard methods due to abundant post-transcriptional modifications and stable structure, which interfere with cDNA synthesis. (cdc.gov)
  • Widely used RNA-seq methods start with adapter ligation and cDNA synthesis of biological RNA samples followed by PCR amplification to generate sequencing libraries1. (cdc.gov)
Prediction1
  • Highly accurate protein structure prediction with AlphaFold. (xfam.org)
Recombinant2
  • All of our recombinant proteins are manufactured in strictly controlled facilities and by using a well established technology which guarantees full batch-to-bact consistency and experiment reproducibility. (scetibio.com)
  • Several vaccines, including recombinant vesicular stomatitis virus (rVSV), virus-like particle (VLP), and DNA-based vaccines, have shown promise in animal models and some have progressed to phase 2 clinical trials. (bvsalud.org)
Genes1
  • The total chromosomal content of a cell involves approximately 105 genes in a specialized macromolecule of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA). (cdc.gov)
Macromolecules2
  • Radiation can disrupt the structure of the DNA (and other macromolecules), thereby disrupting normal cell and organ functions. (cdc.gov)
  • polymerase involved, and this in- macromolecules including DNA, 2012) . (who.int)
Mitochondrial2
  • Link to all annotated objects annotated to mitochondrial protein complex. (planteome.org)
  • Link to all direct and indirect annotations to mitochondrial protein complex. (planteome.org)
Polymorphism1
  • We genotyped the two ADIPOQ SNPs in 140 unrelated T2DM patients and 66 nondiabetic controls using the polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism assay. (who.int)
Alignments1
  • The defining feature of the protein-alignment-guided assembly is that it uses existing protein alignments to detect DNA overlaps between reads. (biomedcentral.com)