Hemolytic anemiaIsozymeDeficiencyPKM2Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dStructural ClassifiSerumGlycolysisAmino acidTumorInteractionsMitochondrialMoleculesPhosphoenolpyruvateEnzymesInhibitionAbstractPKLRProlyl hydroxylaseGlucoseHighly conservedVitroDifferentiallyHypothetical proteinProteomicsFructoseLiverErythrocytePhosphorylationPathwayFunctionalMetabolismGeneRolesAutophagyIsoformsDiagnosisVariantsMetabolitesPost-translationalCytoplasmAbundanceMucinExtracellularMolecularSynthesisInvestigation
Hemolytic anemia4
- Pyruvate kinase deficiency, one of the most common enzymatic defects of the erythrocyte, manifests clinically as a hemolytic anemia that can range from a mildly compensated anemia to severe anemia of childhood. (medscape.com)
- Mitapivat is the first disease-modifying therapy approved for hemolytic anemia in adults with pyruvate kinase deficiency. (medscape.com)
- Pyruvate kinase (PK) deficiency, causing hemolytic anemia, has been associated to malaria protection and its prevalence in sub-Saharan Africa is not known so far. (unl.pt)
- Echinocytes occur in many conditions, including malnutrition associated with mild hemolysis due to hypomagnesemia and hypophosphatemia, uremia, hemolytic anemia in long-distance runners, and pyruvate kinase deficiency. (medscape.com)
Isozyme2
- The binding site for allosteric inhibitor (amino acid) is highly conserved between human liver pyruvate kinase (hL-PYK) and the rabbit muscle isozyme (rM 1 -PYK). (figshare.com)
- A pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase isozyme located in the mitochondria which converts PYRUVATE to ACETYL CoA in the CITRIC ACID CYCLE, phosphorylates SERINE residues on pyruvate dehydrogenase using ATP, and plays a key role in the regulation of GLUCOSE and fatty acid metabolism. (bvsalud.org)
Deficiency7
- An international, multicenter registry that collected clinical data on patients with pyruvate kinase deficiency found that 93% of newborns were treated with phototherapy, and 46% were treated with exchange transfusions. (medscape.com)
- Peripheral blood smear in a child with splenectomy and pyruvate kinase deficiency. (medscape.com)
- The enzyme activity rate in most patients with pyruvate kinase deficiency is 5-25% of normal, with measurement of the intermediates (2,3-diphosphoglycerol and glucose-6-phosphate) proximal to the enzyme defect helping to confirm the diagnosis. (medscape.com)
- Enzyme assay, as well as deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) analysis with a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay or single-strand conformation polymorphism, can also be used to confirm the diagnosis of pyruvate kinase deficiency. (medscape.com)
- In patients with mild to moderate pyruvate kinase deficiency, care is predominantly supportive. (medscape.com)
- It improves hemoglobin values and reduces transfusion burden in patients with pyruvate kinase deficiency by targeting the underlying defect. (medscape.com)
- Pyruvate kinase deficiency in sub-Saharan Africa: identification of a highly frequent missense mutation (G829A;Glu277Lys) and association with malaria. (unl.pt)
PKM24
- To meet this need, cancer cells express higher-than-normal levels of a protein called pyruvate kinase M2, or PKM2. (stanford.edu)
- But until now we've had no way to assess the presence or activity levels of the PKM2 protein involved in that switch. (stanford.edu)
- Pyruvate kinase M2 (PKM2) is a key rate-limiting enzyme in glycolysis, and which plays a critical role in tumor progression in various malignancies. (researchsquare.com)
- Pyruvate kinase M2 (PKM2) has been verified to correlate with the prognosis of many types of cancer. (oncotarget.com)
Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate d1
- Three glycolytic enzymes (phosphoglucomutase-1, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, and pyruvate kinase M2) were over-abundant in color-stable steaks and positively correlated (P (usda.gov)
Structural Classifi2
- SCOPe: Structural Classification of Proteins - extended. (berkeley.edu)
- SCOP: Structural Classification of Proteins and ASTRAL. (berkeley.edu)
Serum3
- Serum creatinine kinase level - May be within the reference range or moderately elevated. (medscape.com)
- Haptoglobin is a colorless protein of the alpha-globulin fraction of human serum. (medscape.com)
- Measurements of globulin are calculated (Total protein - Albumin) , and are used to determine the serum globulin concentration. (cdc.gov)
Glycolysis6
- In normal cells, glucose is converted into pyruvate through glycolysis, and pyruvate is oxidized in mitochondria to produce ATP ( Figure 1 ). (frontiersin.org)
- Hexokinase (HK), phosphofructokinase-1 (PFK-1) and pyruvate kinase (PK) are the three key enzymes in the glycolysis pathway. (researchsquare.com)
- Western blot was carried out to detect the expression levels of autophagic-related proteins (Unc-51 like autophagy activating kinase 1, beclin 1, autophagy related 5, microtubule-associated protein 1A/1B-light chain 3, ubiquitin-binding protein p62), glycolysis-related proteins (hexokinase 2, phosphofructokinase, pyruvate kinase M2) and activated protein kinase signalling pathway proteins. (ijpsonline.com)
- The mechanism may be related to the improvement of glycolysis dysfunction and alleviation of autophagy over activation of activated protein kinase. (ijpsonline.com)
- Glycolysis refers to the process by which glucose is decomposed into pyruvate in the cytoplasm and produces large amounts of lactate[ 6 ]. (ijpsonline.com)
- Pyruvate kinase (PK) is the enzyme involved in the final step of glycolysis, catalysing the dephosphorylation of phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) to pyruvate and generatingan adenosine triphosphate (ATP) molecule [ 2 ]. (oncotarget.com)
Amino acid1
- Cysteine is the most important redox-responsive amino acid within proteins largely due to the wide range of oxidation states that sulfur can occupy-so called, "sulfur switches" [ 4 ]. (hindawi.com)
Tumor1
- 2012). Our previous study demonstrated that PM2.5 exposure led to hyperglycemia and IR, which were accompanied by hypothalamic inflammation evidenced by increased mRNA levels of Interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα), Inhibitor kappa B kinase 2 (IKK2), and enhanced microglial/astrocyte reactivity (Song et al. (deepdyve.com)
Interactions5
- However, it really is quite often the situation that just a subset of the techniques is applied to answer a specific question because the techniques come with limitations, such as the inability to use harsh surfactants MCC950 sodium inhibition when studying protein MCC950 sodium inhibition complexes and interactions which could result in insolubility and an inability to analyze all complexes. (bioshockinfinitereleasedate.com)
- Interactions with other proteins or molecules are another feature of cysteines that can affect protein activity. (hindawi.com)
- Using molecular dynamics simulations of a comprehensive atomistic model cytoplasm we found that protein-protein interactions may destabilize native protein structures, whereas metabolite interactions may induce more compact states due to electrostatic screening. (elifesciences.org)
- Protein-protein interactions also resulted in significant variations in reduced macromolecular diffusion under crowded conditions, while metabolites exhibited significant two-dimensional surface diffusion and altered protein-ligand binding that may reduce the effective concentration of metabolites and ligands in vivo. (elifesciences.org)
- Detecting Protein-Small Molecule Interactions Using Limited Proteolysis-Mass Spectrometry (LiP-MS). (europa.eu)
Mitochondrial2
- PDK2 inhibits the mitochondrial pyruvate dehydrogenase complex by phosphorylation of the E1 alpha subunit, thus contributing to the regulation of glucose metabolism. (thermofisher.com)
- Upregulation of MCUb limits mitochondrial matrix Ca 2+ uptake and impairs mitochondrial energy production via glucose oxidation by depressing pyruvate dehydrogenase complex activity. (diabetesjournals.org)
Molecules3
- This is particularly true of studies that have examined the arrangement of atoms in large molecules with elaborate structures like proteins or DNA. (elifesciences.org)
- However, cells are densely packed with many different molecules and there is little proof that proteins keep the same structures inside cells that they have when they are studied alone. (elifesciences.org)
- Proteins as the functional molecules in the cells are the main effectors of normal cellular and disease processes. (cns.org)
Phosphoenolpyruvate1
- The protein encoded by this gene is a pyruvate kinase that catalyzes the production of pyruvate and ATP from phosphoenolpyruvate. (wikipedia.org)
Enzymes2
- It has been reported that lung cancer cells exhibit upregulated expression of all key glycolytic enzymes [hexokinase 2 (HK2), phosphofructokinase and pyruvate kinase (PK)] ( 13 ), suggesting that the essential enzymes of the aerobic glycolytic pathway have a critical role in the development of lung carcinoma. (spandidos-publications.com)
- The genetic component of susceptibility to malaria is both complex and multigenic and the better-known protective polymorphisms are those involving erythrocyte-specific structural proteins and enzymes. (unl.pt)
Inhibition2
- Inhibition of pyruvate kinase M2 by reactive oxygen species contributes to cellular antioxidant responses. (nature.com)
- Targeted inhibition of individual kinases of the MAPK signaling pathway using synthetic compounds represents a promising way to effective anti-cancer therapy. (mdpi.com)
Abstract1
- ABSTRACT In order to define the protein expressional changes related to the process of meglumine antimoniate resistance in anthroponotic cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL), we performed a comparative proteomics analysis on sensitive and resistant strains of Leishmania tropica isolated from Iranian CL patients. (who.int)
PKLR2
- Pyruvate kinase PKLR is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the PKLR gene. (wikipedia.org)
- Herein, we show a regulatory mechanism in NED-associated metabolism dysfunction induced by ADT, whereby overexpression of pyruvate kinase L/R (PKLR) mediates oxidative stress through upregulation of reactive oxygen species modulator 1 (ROMO1), thereby promoting NED and aggressiveness. (duke.edu)
Prolyl hydroxylase1
- 5 4 Succinate functions as a competitive inhibitor for prolyl hydroxylase domain (PHD) proteins that are central to degradation of hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1α subunit. (haematologica.org)
Glucose1
- 1991. The effect of cations on the specific activities of pyruvate kinase and glucose-6 phosphate dehydrogenase of Luidia clathrata (Say). (mote.org)
Highly conserved1
- Indeed, it has been demonstrated that cysteines are characterized by the most extreme conservation pattern, being highly conserved in functional positions of proteins but poorly conserved otherwise [ 5 ]. (hindawi.com)
Vitro1
- The structure and dynamics of proteins and nucleic acids are well characterized in vitro, but in vivo crowding effects remain unclear. (elifesciences.org)
Differentially4
- Nine proteins were differentially abundant in color-stable and color-labile steaks. (usda.gov)
- To exhaustively evaluate differentially expressed proteins, we used a number of proteomic tools including gene ontology classification, pathway and network analysis, Novoseek data mining, and chromosome gene mapping. (nih.gov)
- Cell proteins were analysed with 2-dimensional electrophoresis and differentially expressed proteins were identified by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry. (who.int)
- Our preliminary study using 2D isolates were recovered from liq- new cases throughout the world cu- gel electrophoresis in drug sensitive/ uid nitrogen, and sub-cultured in taneous leishmaniasis (CL) remains resistant strains of L. tropica showed RPMI1640 medium (Gibco/BRL) a serious public health problem in that some proteins were differentially supplemented with 10% fetal bovine numerous countries [1,2]. (who.int)
Hypothetical protein1
- Image analysis of the matched maps identified 7 proteins that were either over- or down-expressed: activated protein kinase c receptor (LACK), alpha tubulin (×2), prostaglandin f2-alpha synthase, protein disulfide isomerase, vesicular transport protein and a hypothetical protein. (who.int)
Proteomics5
- The accurate quantification of changes in the abundance of proteins is one of the main applications of proteomics. (bioshockinfinitereleasedate.com)
- One of the most common applications of proteomics is for the quantification of the abundance of proteins, a term that encompasses proteoforms, Open Reading Frame (ORF) products and proteins complexes. (bioshockinfinitereleasedate.com)
- Redox proteomics has taken advantage of the thiol specificity of ICAT reagents not only to identify targets of ROS but also to quantify oxidative thiol modifications in individual proteins. (hindawi.com)
- Proteomics is the large-scale analysis of protein expression and post-translational modifications. (cns.org)
- The study shows the usefulness of proteomics in identifying proteins that may express differences between sensitive and resistant L. tropica isolates. (who.int)
Fructose3
- Genetic ablation of ketohexokinase or stimulation of pyruvate kinase prevents villus elongation and abolishes the nutrient absorption and tumour growth that are induced by feeding mice with high-fructose corn syrup. (nature.com)
- Fig. 2: Fructose metabolism enhances hypoxic cell survival and decreases pyruvate kinase activity. (nature.com)
- Allosterically regulated proteins that require an activator are sometimes based on a thiol exchange interaction involving cysteines, for example, pyruvate kinase uses fructose bisphosphate (FBPs) as a heterotrophic activator and it contains a cysteine in its FBP binding site [ 8 ]. (hindawi.com)
Liver2
- 1991. Isolation and characterization of fatty acid binding protein in the liver of the nurse shark, Ginglymostoma cirratum. (mote.org)
- Albumin measurements are used in the diagnosis and treatment of diseases involving the liver and/or kidneys, and are frequently used to assess nutritional status because plasma levels of albumin are dependent on protein intake. (cdc.gov)
Erythrocyte1
- 1978. Altered erythrocyte membrane proteins in sickle cell patients associated with the severity of the disease. (mote.org)
Phosphorylation1
- Gene therapy displacement of endogenous MCUb with a dominant-negative MCUb transgene (MCUb W246R/V251E ) in vivo rescued T2D cardiomyocytes from metabolic inflexibility and stimulated cardiac contractile function and adrenergic responsiveness by enhancing phospholamban phosphorylation via protein kinase A. We conclude that MCUb represents one newly discovered molecular effector at the interface of metabolism and cardiac function, and its repression improves the outcome of the chronically stressed diabetic heart. (diabetesjournals.org)
Pathway4
- Extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) is a part of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway which allows the transduction of various cellular signals to final effectors and regulation of elementary cellular processes. (mdpi.com)
- Cross-talk of the MAPK signaling pathway with other proteins and signaling pathways have a crucial impact on clinical outcomes of targeted therapies and plays important role during development of drug resistance in cancers. (mdpi.com)
- This Review summarizes the more recent biochemical, cellular and mouse model studies that underscore the importance of the ER acetylation process in maintaining protein homeostasis and autophagy within the secretory pathway, and its impact on developmental and age-associated diseases. (biologists.com)
- To reduce the risk of analyzing cell line- pathway can be divided into distinct stages based on the specific features, we used several representative cell lines for recombination status of the Ig genes and on the expression each of four major stages in B cell development: pro-B, pre-B, pattern of surface markers and the presence of intracellular proteins [1- 6]. (lu.se)
Functional3
- Comparative functional multiomics showed that blood proteins induce distinct receptor-mediated transcriptional programs in microglia and macrophages, such as redox, type I interferon and lymphocyte recruitment. (nature.com)
- To discover the molecular programs controlling microglial and macrophage polarization by blood proteins, we developed an unbiased blood-innate immunity multiomic and genetic loss-of-function pipeline consisting of deep sequencing of blood-induced transcriptomes, functional single-cell and oxidative stress transcriptomics, global phosphoproteomics and integration with innate immune signatures from AD and MS models (Extended Data Fig. 1 ). (nature.com)
- In this review, we will discuss the functional roles of RNA binding proteins and their lncRNA partners in TCA cycle, with emphasis placed on the cancer progression. (bvsalud.org)
Metabolism2
- Virus infection may reprogram host metabolism for viral genome and protein synthesis, as well as lipid envelope generation for virion production. (frontiersin.org)
- These results generally indicated that color-stable steaks were associated with greater abundance of proteins that are associated with certain fiber types that enable greater glycolytic metabolism. (usda.gov)
Gene2
- Furthermore, chromosome gene mapping demonstrated coexpressions and colocalization of some proteins of interest including 14-3-3 protein epsilon (YWHAE), pigment epithelium derived factor (SERPINF1), and oncogene p53. (nih.gov)
- We report a blood-induced microglia gene network and show that blood proteins elicit distinct receptor-mediated transcriptional changes and signaling programs in innate immune cells. (nature.com)
Roles1
- Cysteines are one of the most rarely used amino acids, but when conserved in proteins they often play critical roles in structure, function, or regulation. (hindawi.com)
Autophagy1
- Autophagy is a process that relies on lysosomal pathways for the degradation of cytoplasmic proteins and organelles and plays an important role in the pathology of brain injury such as hypoxia ischemia[ 3 ]. (ijpsonline.com)
Isoforms1
- whereas in the cells isolated from high grade tumors, five isoforms of vimentin, transgelin, Mn-SOD, pyruvate kinase (PKM), GTP-binding nuclear protein Ran and 40S ribosomal protein SA were detected to be overexpressed. (cns.org)
Diagnosis2
- This study aimed to evaluate the C-reactive protein-to-albumin (CRP/albumin) ratio at diagnosis of pediatric inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). (medscimonit.com)
- Sample preparation (protein and drug-resistant L. tropica parasites extraction) niasis, early diagnosis and appropriate [8]. (who.int)
Variants1
- 28 deep mutational scanning studies, variants in 6321 positions in 30 proteins. (lu.se)
Metabolites1
- Click on genes, proteins and metabolites below to link to respective articles. (wikipedia.org)
Post-translational2
- Protein post-translational modifications (PTMs) take many shapes, have many effects and are necessary for cellular homeostasis. (biologists.com)
- In order for a cell to respond to changes in internal and external environmental factors, a broad range of protein co- and post-translational modifications have evolved to expand upon the relatively static properties encoded in protein side-chains. (biologists.com)
Cytoplasm1
- However examination of cytoplasmic RNA and subcellular localization of IRS1 revealed a decrease in IRS1 mRNA accumulation Acetazolamide and displaced protein localization strongly suggesting that UL84 facilitated the localization of IRS1 mRNA to the cytoplasm. (bioshockinfinitereleasedate.com)
Abundance3
- The water-soluble proteins were extracted from each muscle and their relative abundance was quantified. (usda.gov)
- Improvements in mass spectrometry has led to the development of a number of techniques to quantify the relative protein abundance within a given sample. (hindawi.com)
- Combining spatial and abundance information yielded an unprecedented quantitative view of HeLa cell anatomy and organellar composition, at the protein level. (elifesciences.org)
Mucin1
- Utilization of complementary proteomic tools revealed that several of the proteins such as mucin 6 (MUC6), bile salt-activated lipase (CEL), and pyruvate kinase lysozyme M1/M2 with significant differential expression have strong association with pancreatic cancer. (nih.gov)
Extracellular2
- GPR91 is a G protein-coupled cell surface receptor for extracellular succinate (Sucnr1). (haematologica.org)
- However, how microglia integrate extracellular signals at sites of cerebrovascular damage and the specificity of blood proteins controlling innate immune cell polarization in disease remain poorly understood. (nature.com)
Molecular1
- A further understanding of RNA binding proteins and their lncRNA partners in TCA cycle, as well as their molecular mechanisms in oncogenesis, will aid in developing novel layers of metabolic targets for cancer therapy in the near future.Abbreviations: CS: citrate synthase. (bvsalud.org)
Synthesis1
- Human being cytomegalovirus (HCMV) UL84 is a multifunctional protein that is the proposed initiator for lytic viral DNA synthesis. (bioshockinfinitereleasedate.com)
Investigation3
- Product C7749, Bovine carbonic anhydrase II (CA II), has been widely used as a model protein in the investigation of the protein folding process. (sigmaaldrich.com)
- Our data provide an interactive resource for investigation of the immunology of blood proteins that could support therapeutic targeting of microglia activation by immune and vascular signals. (nature.com)
- Moreover, our study provides a resource for the investigation of the immunology of blood proteins in inflammatory, autoimmune and neurodegenerative diseases. (nature.com)