Prostate cancer androgen binding protein. Medical search. Frequent questions

Researchers from the University of Michigan Comprehensive Cancer Center have found that a protein called BET bromodomain protein 4 binds to the hormone androgen receptor downstream of where current therapies work - targeting androgen receptor signaling. (medindia.net)
We think we can target prostate cancer through androgen receptor signaling, rather than directly hitting the androgen receptor. (medindia.net)
The JQ1 BET bromodomain inhibitor blocked androgen receptor signaling, which is downstream of the androgen receptor, making it potentially unaffected by the acquired resistance related to hormone signaling. (medindia.net)
At all stages of the disease, prostate cancer cells are dependent on a protein called the androgen receptor (AR), the primary driver of tumor growth and disease progression. (drexel.edu)
Since testosterone is the fuel that enables the androgen receptor to drive prostate cancer, current therapies involve suppressing the androgen receptor with targeted drugs that directly bind to and block the protein. (drexel.edu)
Realizing a need to address this problem of drug resistance, Kim became interested in a unique protein called Sigma1 (also known as the sigma-1 receptor), which was identified over four decades ago as a potential target for treating pain. (drexel.edu)
The PSA promoter has an androgen response element (ARE) and its activation requires both the androgen receptor (AR) and its ligand, androgen, to be present. (hindawi.com)
The key protein that drives prostate tumor growth, the androgen receptor, binds to testosterone and stimulates cancer growth. (drramon.com)
Studying the stretch of DNA that codes for the androgen receptor, the researchers discovered that a section of the DNA molecule next to the androgen receptor produced a molecule called a long noncoding RNA. (drramon.com)
They found that this long noncoding RNA plays a key role in regulating the androgen receptor and vice versa. (drramon.com)
Because of its position next to the androgen receptor in the genome, the researchers dubbed it NXTAR (next to androgen receptor). (drramon.com)
In prostate cancer, the androgen receptor is very clever," said Mahajan, who is also a research member of Siteman Cancer Center at Barnes-Jewish Hospital and Washington University School of Medicine. (drramon.com)
This means that in all the prostate cancer samples that we study, we rarely find NXTAR, because it is suppressed by the heavy presence of the androgen receptor in these types of tumors. (drramon.com)
We discovered NXTAR by using a drug that my lab developed that suppresses the androgen receptor. (drramon.com)
When the androgen receptor is suppressed, NXTAR starts to appear. (drramon.com)
The drug, called (R)-9b, was developed to attack a different aspect of prostate cancer biology, knocking down expression of the androgen receptor overall rather than just blocking its ability to bind to testosterone or reducing overall testosterone levels in the body, as currently approved drugs do. (drramon.com)
One small, key section of the NXTAR molecule is sufficient for shutting down the androgen receptor. (drramon.com)
One possible strategy is to encapsulate the small molecule drug and the key piece of NXTAR into nanoparticles, perhaps into the same nanoparticle, and shut down the androgen receptor in two different ways. (drramon.com)
Since prostate cancer is driven by androgen receptor signaling, ADT lowers testosterone levels into a castrate range, resulting in a decrease in prostate-specific antigen (PSA), which is driven by androgen receptor signaling. (abdominalkey.com)
DHT binds with the androgen receptor and induces transcription of proteins necessary for function and development of the prostate. (abdominalkey.com)
The immunogen of 22576-1-AP is androgen receptor Fusion Protein expressed in E. coli. (ptglab.com)
Androgen receptor (AR) also konwn as Dihydrotestosterone receptor (DHTR), Nuclear receptor subfamily 3 group C member 4 (NR3C4).It is one of steriod hormoen receptors, which are ligand-activated transcription factors that regulate eukaryotic gene expression and affect cellular proliferation and differentiation in target tissues. (ptglab.com)
The mutated receptor stimulates prostate growth and metastases development despite of androgen ablation. (ptglab.com)
This treatment can reduce primary and metastatic lesions probably by inducing apoptosis of tumor cells when they express the wild-type receptor.Defects in AR are the cause of androgen insensitivity syndrome partial (PAIS). (ptglab.com)
The mechanism by which the androgen receptor (AR) distinguishes between agonist and antagonist ligands is poorly understood. (rcsb.org)
Recently, our laboratory discovered selective androgen receptor modulators, which structurally resemble the nonsteroidal AR antagonists bicalutamide and hydroxyflutamide but act as agonists for the androgen receptor in a tissue-selective manner. (rcsb.org)
To investigate why subtle structural changes to both the ligand and the receptor (i.e. mutations) result in drastic changes in activity, we studied structure-activity relationships for nonsteroidal AR ligands through crystallography and site-directed mutagenesis, comparing bound conformations of R-bicalutamide, hydroxyflutamide, and two previously reported nonsteroidal androgens, S-1 and R-3. (rcsb.org)
His discovery also led to the use of Lupron (leuprolide acetate), which stops testosterone production, as a prostate cancer treatment and to the development of anti-androgen drugs like Casodex (bicalutamide) that attach to the androgen receptor, keeping out testosterone and other hormones that make up the androgen family. (cancertodaymag.org)
S4 andarine, binds to the androgen receptor which creates an increase in the expression of genes associated in protein. (kintsugicashmere.com)
Mutations in the androgen receptor have been documented that cause antiandrogen compounds to act like receptor agonists. (basicmedicalkey.com)
2 , 3 In addition, genetic variations in the androgen receptor exist. (basicmedicalkey.com)
Activation of the androgen receptor is inversely correlated with CAG repeat length. (basicmedicalkey.com)
abstract = "Recent studies identifying putative truncated androgen receptor isoforms with ligand-independent activity have shed new light on the acquisition of androgen depletion independent (ADI) growth of prostate cancer. (tmu.edu.tw)
In this study, we present a model system in which a C-terminally truncated variant of androgen receptor (TC-AR) is inducibly expressed in LNCaP, an androgen-dependent cell line, which expresses little truncated receptor. (tmu.edu.tw)
The AR gene provides instructions for making a protein called an androgen receptor. (medlineplus.gov)
The resulting androgen-receptor complex then binds to DNA and regulates the activity of androgen-responsive genes. (medlineplus.gov)
By turning the genes on or off as necessary, the androgen receptor helps direct the development of male sexual characteristics. (medlineplus.gov)
Some variants lead to an abnormally short version of the androgen receptor protein, while others result in the production of an abnormal receptor that cannot bind to androgens or to DNA. (medlineplus.gov)
Variants that eliminate the function of the androgen receptor cause complete androgen insensitivity syndrome. (medlineplus.gov)
Variants that only slightly reduce the activity of the receptor cause mild androgen insensitivity syndrome. (medlineplus.gov)
Although the extended CAG region changes the structure of the androgen receptor, it is unclear how the altered protein damages nerve cells. (medlineplus.gov)
Researchers believe that a fragment of the androgen receptor protein containing the CAG repeats accumulates within these cells and interferes with normal cell functions. (medlineplus.gov)
When a hormone binds to a receptor in the neuron. (parklandsbeachvolleyball.com)
however, only the steroid hormone testosterone is essential to maintain spermatogenesis, and androgen receptor. (parklandsbeachvolleyball.com)
The androgen receptor (ar) binds. (parklandsbeachvolleyball.com)
Patients with cancer treated with immune-stimulating therapies such as immune checkpoint inhibitors, chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapies and bi-specific T-cell engagers (BiTEs) are at risk for complications if the immune response produced by these therapies results in an attack on normal, healthy tissue. (dana-farber.org)
Scientists at Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (MSK) have glimpsed never-before-seen details of the human androgen receptor - the protein inside of cells that responds to male-typical hormones like testosterone. (mskcc.org)
Their research, published April 20, 2022, in the journal Molecular Cell , identifies unique features of the receptor that distinguish it from other hormone receptors and provide clues to how androgen signaling goes awry in prostate cancer . (mskcc.org)
We know a lot about the androgen receptor from studies conducted at the level of about 10,000 feet," says Charles Sawyers , Chair of the Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program at MSK who researches the biology and treatment of prostate cancer. (mskcc.org)
The androgen receptor (AR) is known to play a critical role in prostate cancer (PC). (oncotarget.com)
The majority of CRPCs continue to express the androgen receptor (AR) and are dependent on AR signaling for malignant progression [ 3 - 5 ]. (oncotarget.com)
Vav3 enhances androgen receptor (AR) activity during progression to androgen independence in prostate cancer. (biomedcentral.com)
Men have higher morbidity and mortality from COVID-19 than women, possibly due to androgen receptor-regulated viral entry protein expression. (xiahepublishing.com)
Immunohistochemistry was used to assess the expression of transmembrane serine protease 2 (TMPRSS2) and angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) and how it correlated to androgen receptor expression in the sinonasal epithelium, minor salivary glands of the sinus, lacrimal glands, and lungs from mice pretreated with and without castration and ADT as well as the sinonasal epithelium obtained from healthy human donors and hospitalized COVID-19 patients. (xiahepublishing.com)
SARS-CoV-2 viral entry into host cells is mediated by the interaction between the viral spike (S) protein and two host cell-surface molecules: receptor angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) and S protein primer transmembrane serine protease 2 (TMPRSS2). (xiahepublishing.com)
TMPRSS2 cleaves the S protein and allows the activated S protein to bind to its receptor ACE2. (xiahepublishing.com)
Pin1 inhibition improves the efficacy of ralaniten compounds that bind to the N-terminal domain of androgen receptor. (bcgsc.ca)
One mechanism underlying CRPC and resistance to hormonal therapies is the expression of constitutively active splice variant(s) of androgen receptor (AR-Vs) that lack its C-terminus ligand-binding domain. (bcgsc.ca)
Ralaniten Sensitizes Enzalutamide-Resistant Prostate Cancer to Ionizing Radiation in Prostate Cancer Cells that Express Androgen Receptor Splice Variants. (bcgsc.ca)
Blocking androgen receptor (AR) transcriptional activity by androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) improves the response to radiotherapy for intermediate and high risk prostate cancer. (bcgsc.ca)
Abstract Insulin-like growth factor-I receptor (IGF-IR) overexpression may play a role in prostate cancer progression. (unical.it)
Both sex steroids phosphorylated CREB at Ser(133) in a dose-dependent manner in androgen receptor (AR)-positive LNCaP cells, whereas only estrogens phosphorylated CREB in AR-negative PC3 cells. (unical.it)
CREB phosphorylation involved c-Src-dependent extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 activation, but not protein kinase A, protein kinase C, or calmodulin-dependent kinase II, and occurred also in cells transfected with AR or estrogen receptor mutants that do not localize into the nucleus. (unical.it)
A reciprocal feedback between the PDZ binding kinase and androgen receptor drives prostate cancer. (ox.ac.uk)
Elucidation of mechanisms underlying the increased androgen receptor (AR) activity and subsequent development of aggressive prostate cancer (PrCa) is pivotal in developing new therapies. (ox.ac.uk)
One such protein is Androgen Receptor (AR). (helix.com)
Moreover, the increased level of staining for FABP9 was significantly associated with the increased joint Gleason scores (GS) and androgen receptor index (AR). (liverpool.ac.uk)
In experiments, this molecule was able to regulate the androgen receptor, which is important to the growth of both cancerous and normal prostate cells. (lu.se)
The ability of this microRNA to inhibit the androgen receptor offers potential for further research on the possibilities of using miR-145 for treatment of patients with prostate cancer so that they do not develop aggressive tumours", says Olivia Larne. (lu.se)
The androgen receptor is a protein that has an important role in the male reproductive system. (lu.se)
The male sex hormones testosterone and dihydrotestosterone bind to the receptor, which then passes on the hormonal effect by regulating other genes. (lu.se)
Stanozolol tabs raw pharma 10mg works by binding to the androgen receptor, which is present in almost every type of human cell. (raw-pharma.com)
When stanozolol binds to the androgen receptor it causes the cells to produce more protein and increase the amount of cholesterol in the body. (raw-pharma.com)
ARV-110 targets the androgen receptor, a protein that contributes to the progression of prostate cancer, and ARV-471 targets the estrogen receptor, which can cause certain breast cancer cells to grow unchecked. (acs.org)
Although for some targets, long flexible linkers work better, in the cases of the androgen receptor and the estrogen receptor, Taylor says, "the shorter, more rigid ones turned out to be the best. (acs.org)
In recent decades, the mechanisms driving the initiation and progression of PCa have been well characterized, and androgen receptor (AR) has been identified as a major player in PCa [ 3 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Paraffin wax embedded tumour sections from 85 patients with metastatic carcinoma of the prostate were processed for immunocytochemistry and stained for the androgen receptor using antiandrogen receptor antibodies. (bmj.com)
Seventeen of the 19 patients who did not respond to hormonal treatment had either type 2 or type 4 receptograms, which are characterised by skewed or bimodal androgen receptor distribution. (bmj.com)
Image analysis of androgen receptor immunostaining with a receptogram oriented approach provides important prognostic information that can be used to predict response to hormone treatment in patients with metastatic carcinoma of the prostate. (bmj.com)
6 Visual scoring of androgen receptor status of nuclei as positive or negative does not take into account the large variation in immunostaining intensity within a specimen or between specimens. (bmj.com)
To avoid this, an alternative and more objective method would be to use image analysis systems to measure androgen receptor staining intensities by a pattern oriented approach. (bmj.com)
Some people are more susceptible to these effects of DHT on scalp hair based on variations in their androgen receptor (AR) gene. (healthline.com)
Human G protein-coupled receptor 54 (GPR54) receptor model. (medscape.com)

While the current medications are effective for a limited time, eventually the androgen receptors in prostate tumors reactivate and develop drug resistance. (drexel.edu)
It works by binding to androgen receptors in the body and stimulating protein synthesis. (rhghspace.com)
Androgen receptors allow the body to respond appropriately to these hormones. (medlineplus.gov)
The receptors are present in many of the body's tissues, where they attach (bind) to androgens. (medlineplus.gov)
Androgens and androgen receptors also have other important functions in both males and females, such as regulating hair growth and sex drive. (medlineplus.gov)
Researchers believe that AR gene variations may increase the activity of androgen receptors in the scalp. (medlineplus.gov)
Androgen receptors bind androgens like testosterone while estrogen receptors bind estrogens like estradiol. (parklandsbeachvolleyball.com)
They do this by binding to proteins called androgen receptors. (parklandsbeachvolleyball.com)
Unfortunately, your wife has triple-negative breast cancer, where these receptors are negligible or absent. (tryambak.net)
They bind to their respective receptors. (helix.com)
The receptors then bind to the DNA. (helix.com)
Once bound with the DNA, the hormone receptors alter which genes can-and can't-be used by the cell. (helix.com)
To categorise the immunostaining heterogeneity of androgen receptors in metastatic carcinoma of the prostate using a pattern oriented approach and to correlate the results with response to hormonal treatment. (bmj.com)
Studies in the past have shown that mere positivity and negativity for androgen receptors of tumour cells may or may not predict response to hormonal treatment. (bmj.com)
4 On immunostaining, prostate carcinoma specimens show heterogeneity of androgen receptors in contrast to homogeneous staining of androgen receptors in normal prostate epithelium. (bmj.com)
Androgen receptors are proteins that allow hormones like testosterone and DHT to bind to them. (healthline.com)
FSH and LH bind to receptors in the testis and ovary and regulate gonadal function by promoting sex steroid production and gametogenesis. (medscape.com)
In Silico Identification of a BRCA1:miR-29:DNMT3 Axis Involved in the Control of Hormone Receptors in BRCA1-Associated Breast Cancers. (cdc.gov)

This led the way for use of androgen deprivation therapy (ADT), which is now the backbone of systemic therapy for metastatic prostate cancer. (abdominalkey.com)
Intermittent androgen deprivation therapy (IADT) involves alternating periods of medical castration and treatment free intervals to allow testosterone recovery. (abdominalkey.com)
61 A study by Labarta et al randomized 49 patients to continuous androgen deprivation therapy (CADT) and 51 patients to IADT. (abdominalkey.com)
Prostate cancer (PC) patients receiving androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) were treated as exposed. (springer.com)
Prostate-specific antigen is a useful marker to detect prostate cancer at early stages, predict outcome for localized disease, define disease-free status, and monitor response to androgen-deprivation therapy or chemotherapy for advanced-stage disease. (basicmedicalkey.com)
Androgen deprivation therapy with a luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) agonist plus an antiandrogen should be used prior to radiation therapy for patients with locally advanced prostate cancer to improve outcomes over radiation therapy alone. (basicmedicalkey.com)
Androgen deprivation therapy, with either orchiectomy, an LHRH agonist alone or an LHRH agonist plus an antiandrogen (combined hormonal blockade), can be used to provide palliation for patients with advanced (stage D 2 ) prostate cancer. (basicmedicalkey.com)
Androgen deprivation therapy is currently the standard treatment for locally advanced, recurrent, or metastatic prostate cancer (PC). (oncotarget.com)
This led to a clinical trial of androgen deprivation therapy (ADT), which has not shown a significant benefit in the outcomes among hospitalized male COVID-19 patients. (xiahepublishing.com)

Testosterone then goes to prostate epithelial cells, where it is converted into dihydrotestosterone (DHT) by the enzyme 5-alpha reductase. (abdominalkey.com)
He began to explore the idea by neutering dogs that had prostate tumors, and he kept seeing the same result: After surgical removal of the testicles, the main source of the dog's testosterone, the tumor shrank. (cancertodaymag.org)
Huggins had discovered that prostate cancer cells need testosterone because cutting off their supply shrinks the tumor. (cancertodaymag.org)
2 , 3 The disease is rare in those younger than 40 years of age, but the incidence sharply increases with each subsequent decade, most likely because the individual has had a lifetime exposure to testosterone, a known growth signal for the prostate. (basicmedicalkey.com)
2 , 3 Testosterone, commonly implicated in the pathogenesis of prostate cancer, is approximately 15% higher in African American men compared with white males. (basicmedicalkey.com)
Activity of 5- α -reductase, the enzyme that converts testosterone to its more active form, dihydrotestosterone (DHT), in the prostate, is decreased in Japanese men compared with African Americans and whites. (basicmedicalkey.com)
Androgens are hormones (such as testosterone) that are important for normal male sexual development before birth and during puberty. (medlineplus.gov)
Sex hormone binding globulin (shbg) may carry testosterone and bind to. (parklandsbeachvolleyball.com)
Testosterone is a steroid hormone and hgh is a protein hormone. (parklandsbeachvolleyball.com)
Bicalutamide blocks the effect of the male hormone testosterone on the prostate. (parklandsbeachvolleyball.com)
Anti-androgen drugs work by blocking the effects of androgens, such as testosterone. (parklandsbeachvolleyball.com)
This protein, which contributes to the development of reproductive organs and our cardiovascular system, is activated by the presence of testosterone. (helix.com)
Testosterone-and its closely related hormones dihydrotestosterone and androstenedione-all fall under the umbrella term of androgens . (helix.com)
Recall that, during development, testosterone binds with the AR protein and causes prostate cells to grow and duplicate themselves1. (helix.com)
It is a derivative of testosterone and is used to treat conditions like high blood pressure, heart disease, and prostate cancer. (raw-pharma.com)
In male humans, testosterone plays a key role in the development of male reproductive tissues, such as the testis and prostate, as well as promoting secondary sexual characteristics such as increased muscle and bone mass, and the growth of body hair. (cdc.gov)
Most of the circulating testosterone is bound to carrier proteins (sex hormone-binding globulin [SHBG], and albumin). (cdc.gov)
SHBG has a high binding affinity to dihydrotestosterone (DHT), medium affinity to testosterone and estradiol, and only a low affinity to estrone, dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), androstendione, and estriol. (cdc.gov)
Albumin, which exists in far higher concentrations than SHBG, also binds sexual steroids - although with a clearly lower binding affinity (e.g. about 100 times lower for testosterone). (cdc.gov)
SHBG is a useful supplementary parameter in the determination of androgen where a relatively high concentration of free androgen (e.g. testosterone) is suspected (Pugeat, et al. (cdc.gov)
Prostate cancer cells require androgens, such as testosterone, to survive. (oncolink.org)
Testosterone is the most abundant and active androgen in the male body. (healthline.com)
This androgen-binding protein causes high local concentrations of testosterone near the sperm, an essential factor in the development of normal spermatogenesis. (medscape.com)

But in the end, it will be patients who reap the greatest benefits from the Coulter program, say Meucci and Fatatis, who are developing drugs to treat metastatic breast cancer. (drexel.edu)
Circulating PSA-positive cells are also strongly associated with metastatic prostate cancer [ 8 ]. (hindawi.com)
A randomized study by Mottet et al compared IADT and CADT in patients with metastatic prostate cancer. (abdominalkey.com)
Patients with metastatic prostate cancer and prostate-specific antigen (PSA) of greater than 20 ng/mL received 6 months of induction ADT. (abdominalkey.com)
Longer expansions result in earlier onset and more severe clinical manifestations of the disease.Defects in AR may play a role in metastatic prostate cancer. (ptglab.com)
However, most patients with metastatic carcinomas progress to a state of disease insensitive to androgen ablation, called castration resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) [ 1 , 2 ]. (oncotarget.com)
Abiraterone acetate, an androgen biosynthesis inhibitor, improves total survival in sufferers with metastatic castration-resistant prostate most cancers after chemotherapy. (irvinepharma.com)
Abiraterone improved radiographic progression-free survival, confirmed a development towards improved total survival, and considerably delayed medical decline and initiation of chemotherapy in sufferers with metastatic castration-resistant prostate most cancers. (irvinepharma.com)
While advanced prostate cancer was historically defined as distant metastatic disease, the current definition includes disease stages that range from recurrence of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) elevation after failure of local treatment to widespread metastasis. (medscape.com)
Although cure of metastatic prostate cancer remains elusive, continuous advances in management have improved the outlook in these patients. (medscape.com)
The increase in metastatic prostate cancer was greatest (92%) in men aged 55-69 years. (medscape.com)
The 5-year relative survival rate for localized and regional prostate cancer is 100%, compared with 34.1% for metastatic cases. (medscape.com)
1 Approximately 60% of newly diagnosed patients with prostate cancer already have metastatic disease for which hormonal manipulation remains the mainstay of treatment. (bmj.com)

Dihydrotestosterone (DHT) is an androgen. (healthline.com)

PSA (Prostate Specific Antigen) test and Digital Rectal Examination are two tests that allow detection of prostate cancer at early stages. (medindia.net)
A number of PSPs have been defined over the years that include, but not limited to, promoters of prostate-specific antigen (PSA), probasin (PB), mouse mammary tumor virus (MMTV LTR), prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA), human glandular kallikrein 2 (hK2), and prostatic steroid-binding protein C3. (hindawi.com)
Transgenic mice bearing PB promoter fused to simian virus 40 large tumor antigen gene all consistently develop prostate adenocarcinoma [ 13 ]. (hindawi.com)
1 Although prostate cancer incidence increased during the late 1980s and early 1990s related to widespread prostate-specific antigen (PSA) screening, deaths from prostate cancer have been declining since 1995. (basicmedicalkey.com)
[ 6 ] Since the advent of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) screening, prostate cancer is being detected and treated earlier. (medscape.com)
The most common manifestation of advanced prostate cancer is a rising prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level after failure of initial local therapy. (medscape.com)
Clinical response to hormonal treatment was documented using prostate specific antigen as the marker into responders (good, fair, stable) and non-responders. (bmj.com)

These initial findings suggest the potential that a BET bromodomain inhibitor can work even when prostate cancer becomes resistant to anti-hormone therapies," says senior study author Arul Chinnaiyan, M.D., Ph.D., director of the Michigan Center for Translational Pathology and S.P. Hicks Professor of Pathology at the University of Michigan Medical School. (medindia.net)
They found that JQ1 blocked androgen signaling even when cells no longer responded to current anti-androgen therapies. (medindia.net)
According to the research - conducted in mice implanted with human prostate tumor samples - restoring this so-called long noncoding RNA could be a new strategy to treat prostate cancer that has developed resistance to hormonal therapies. (drramon.com)
We are hoping to develop both this (R)-9b drug and NXTAR into new therapies for prostate cancer patients who have developed resistance to the front-line treatments," Mahajan said. (drramon.com)
This is likely because many patients have a weakened immune system - either as a result of the cancer itself or the therapies used to treat it - and are therefore less able to fight off infection by the novel coronavirus. (dana-farber.org)
Several studies have examined whether systemic cancer therapies such as chemotherapy and targeted therapies increase patients' vulnerability to COVID-19. (dana-farber.org)
Therapies for cancer can prolong life and even be curative in many cases," he remarks. (dana-farber.org)
Therapies for lethal castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) are an unmet medical need. (bcgsc.ca)
Combination therapies using ralaniten with ionizing radiation were evaluated for effects on proliferation, colony formation, cell cycle, DNA damage, and Western blot analyses in human prostate cancer cells that express both full-length AR and AR-Vs. Ralaniten and a potent next-generation analog (EPI-7170) decreased expression of DNA repair genes whereas enzalutamide had no effect. (bcgsc.ca)
The number of approved cancer therapies is increasing rapidly. (msdmanuals.com)

We show that the TC-AR translocates to the nucleus, activates transcription of AR target genes in the absence of DHT and is sufficient to confer ADI growth to the normally androgen dependent LNCaP line. (tmu.edu.tw)
Furthermore, exogenously added calcitonin stimulates proliferation of androgen-responsive LnCaP cells. (unm.edu)
Inhibition of p53 expression enabled LNCaP cells to proliferate independently of androgens. (oncotarget.com)

Kim and his research team found that Sigma1 is enriched and abnormally expressed in prostate tumors, making it a novel target for treating prostate cancer. (drexel.edu)
A study from Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis has identified an RNA molecule that suppresses prostate tumors. (drramon.com)
Studying human prostate tumor samples implanted in mice, the researchers showed that restoring NXTAR expression caused the tumors to shrink. (drramon.com)
New to urology, Huggins was studying dogs' prostates, with the aim of learning more about the human prostate, when he noticed that many of the elderly dogs had prostate tumors. (cancertodaymag.org)
These findings led Penney and her colleagues to conclude that prostate tumors begin as low grade or high grade-and don't change. (cancertodaymag.org)
Because of PSA screening, most prostate cancers are now diagnosed at an earlier stage"-which explains the decrease in late-stage tumors. (cancertodaymag.org)
If the Gleason score "increased over time and tracked with the stage of the cancer," she says, "we would expect a similar decline in high-grade tumors. (cancertodaymag.org)
Conversely, low-grade prostate tumors can also be biologically aggressive. (medscape.com)
Prostate cancer threatens the health of men over sixty years old, and its incidence ranks first among all urinary tumors among men. (biomedcentral.com)
Enzalutamide remains the first-line drug for castration-resistant prostate cancer, however, tumors inevitably become resistant to enzalutamide. (biomedcentral.com)

Transmembrane prostate androgen-induced protein is a protein that in humans is encoded by the PMEPA1 gene. (wikipedia.org)
The researchers also found that BET inhibitors appear to block several transcription factors, including the TMPRSS2-ERG gene fusion and MYC, known to drive prostate cancer. (medindia.net)
Although virus-based gene therapy is a promising strategy to combat advanced prostate cancer, its current effectiveness is limited partially due to inefficient cellular transduction in vivo . (hindawi.com)
The adenovirus early region 1 (E1) gene, which comprises E1a and E1b, encodes the viral early proteins that are necessary for adenoviral replication and the consequent oncolysis of permissive host cells. (hindawi.com)
By using an expression vector, a 680 bp PSA promoter isolated from a prostate cancer patient demonstrated the prostate-specific expression of the reporter gene [ 9 ]. (hindawi.com)
The rat PB gene promoter (454 bp) contains ARE [ 11 ] and directs a hormonal and developmental regulated expression, of a heterologous gene, specifically to the prostate in transgenic mice [ 12 ]. (hindawi.com)
Hundreds of different variants (also called mutations) in the AR gene have been identified in people with androgen insensitivity syndrome, a condition that affects sexual development before birth and during puberty. (medlineplus.gov)
Other variants insert or delete multiple base pairs in the gene or affect how the gene is processed into a protein. (medlineplus.gov)
Although androgenetic alopecia is related to the effects of androgens on hair growth, it remains unclear how changes in the AR gene increase the risk of hair loss in people with this condition. (medlineplus.gov)
This gene encodes a ribosomal protein that is a component of the 40S subunit. (nih.gov)
As is typical for genes encoding ribosomal proteins, there are multiple processed pseudogenes of this gene dispersed through the genome. (nih.gov)
What does this gene/protein do? (cancerindex.org)
this means that AR is able to regulate gene expression and that the AR protein is a transcription factor . (helix.com)
After activation, it binds to the DNA and promotes gene expression. (helix.com)
Decreased SHBG concentrations are often seen with hypothyroidism, polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS), obesity, hirsutism, elevated androgen levels, alopecia, acromegaly and some polymorphisms on the SHBG gene. (cdc.gov)
But variations in the AR gene can increase androgen receptivity in your scalp follicles, making you more likely to experience male pattern hair loss. (healthline.com)
The Association of pre-miR27a Gene Polymorphism and Clinicopathological Data in Thai Breast Cancer Patients. (cdc.gov)

Association study of prostate cancer susceptibility variants with risks of invasive ovarian, breast, and colorectal cancer. (snpedia.com)
To assess whether androgens play a role in explaining the sex related differences in the incidence of colorectal cancer (CRC). (springer.com)
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cancer in men, the second most common cancer in women and the second most common cause of cancer death in both sexes when analyzed separately, accounting for 1 in 10 cancer cases and deaths globally [ 1 ]. (springer.com)

Thus, E1 protein expression will be confined strictly to the prostate tissues and render this a conditional oncolytic virus (CRAD) within the prostate. (hindawi.com)
The term "oncotarget" encompasses all molecules, pathways, cellular functions, cell types, and even tissues that can be viewed as targets relevant to cancer as well as other diseases. (oncotarget.com)
The Greek root word Andros -which means "male"-points to their important function in forming the male testes, prostate, and other reproductive tissues. (helix.com)
Thereafter we assessed the expression status of FABP6 and FABP9 in both prostate cell lines and in human tissues. (liverpool.ac.uk)
FABP6 protein was overexpressed only in 1 of the 5 malignant cell lines and its immunostaining intensities were not significantly different between benign and malignant prostate tissues. (liverpool.ac.uk)
When analysed in an archival set of human prostate tissues, immunohistochemical staining intensity for FABP9 was significantly higher in carcinomas than in benign cases and the increase in FABP9 was significantly correlated with reduced patient survival times. (liverpool.ac.uk)
Bioinformatic analyzing approaches were used to identified the over-expressed genes in prostate cancer tumor tissues from three GEO datasets. (biomedcentral.com)

Many patients with prostate cancer are treated with drugs that lower or block hormones that fuel tumor growth. (drramon.com)
At the same time, research into endocrinology-the area of medicine that focuses on hormones-was starting to expand, and the more Huggins learned, the more he began to think that hormones might be linked to prostate cancer. (cancertodaymag.org)
The basic tenet of this research-that cancer could be controlled with hormones-earned Huggins the 1966 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine. (cancertodaymag.org)
As a result of these changes, cells that are normally sensitive to androgens become less responsive to these hormones or unable to use these hormones at all. (medlineplus.gov)
This data will allow for population estimates of the selected steroid hormones and related binding protein that can be used to assist in disease diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of diseases such as, Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS), androgen deficiency, cancer, and hormone imbalances in children. (cdc.gov)
It and DHT are androgens, or hormones that contribute to male sex characteristics when you go through puberty. (healthline.com)
Some cancers grow and spread more when they are exposed to certain hormones. (msdmanuals.com)
Consequently, reversing the effects of these hormones may control some hormone-dependent cancers. (msdmanuals.com)

This contact stimulates the AR protein to change its shape and become activated. (helix.com)
FSH stimulates testicular growth and enhances the production of an androgen-binding protein by the Sertoli cells, which are a component of the testicular tubule necessary for sustaining the maturing sperm cell. (medscape.com)

Chemotherapy, with docetaxel and prednisone improves survival in patients with castrate-refractory prostate cancer and is considered first-line therapy for these patients. (basicmedicalkey.com)
Chemotherapy is a form of systemic treatment that uses drugs to kill cancer cells or to stop them from growing. (msdmanuals.com)
Not all cancers respond to chemotherapy. (msdmanuals.com)

High levels of androgens, including DHT, can shrink your hair follicles as well as shorten this cycle, causing hair to grow out looking thinner and more brittle, as well as fall out faster. (healthline.com)

Replication of the 10q11 and Xp11 Prostate Cancer Risk Variants: Results from a Utah Pedigree-Based Study. (snpedia.com)
Association of prostate cancer risk variants with clinicopathologic characteristics of the disease. (snpedia.com)
Individual and cumulative effect of prostate cancer risk-associated variants on clinicopathologic variables in 5,895 prostate cancer patients. (snpedia.com)
Using a systems biology approach, we interrogated the AR-regulated proteome and identified PDZ binding kinase (PBK) as a novel AR-regulated protein that regulates full-length AR and AR variants (ARVs) activity in PrCa. (ox.ac.uk)

Ralaniten and EPI-7170 sensitized prostate cancer cells that express full-length AR and AR-Vs to radiotherapy whereas enzalutamide had no added benefit. (bcgsc.ca)
Hence, it is of great importance to investigate the mechanisms that induce enzalutamide resistance in prostate cancer cells. (biomedcentral.com)
Our study uncovered a novel molecular mechanism of lncRNA SNHG4 in driving prostate cancer progression and enzalutamide resistance, revealing the critical roles and therapeutic potential of RREB1, SNHG4, RRM2 and let-7 miRNAs in anticancer therapy. (biomedcentral.com)

Many studies have been conducted to determine if androgen deprivation (surgical castration, estrogen, cyproterone, luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone agonists (LHRH), anti-androgens or a combination thereof) combined with radiotherapy is more effective than radiotherapy alone. (oncolink.org)

Developing new ways to treat castration-resistant prostate cancer is critical to improving survival for this disease. (medindia.net)
This method is cost saving, offers potentially fewer injections and clinic visits, and is equally as effective as medical castration in controlling prostate cancer. (abdominalkey.com)
p53 likely also plays a role given that p53 mutations are commonly found in advanced PC, and loss of wild-type protein function contributes to the phenotype of castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). (oncotarget.com)
Therapy targeting Vav3 in combination with docetaxel may have practical implications for managing castration-resistant prostate cancer. (biomedcentral.com)
Those who are treated with medical castration for more severe forms of prostate cancer often develop the disease again within a few years. (lu.se)
However, most PCa patients inevitably develop castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC), which is a fatal form of PCa that is difficult to confront [ 6 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

Although the prostate is made up of several cell types, almost all prostate cancers develop in the glandular cells. (cancerquest.org)
2 Cancer of gland cells is known as adenocarcinoma . (cancerquest.org)
The glandular cells of the prostate normally make a fluid that is released into the urethra during ejaculation. (cancerquest.org)
They supply oxygen and nutrients and remove waste from the cells of the prostate. (cancerquest.org)
The efficacy and specificity of CRAD on prostate cancer cells were examined in cell culture and animal models. (hindawi.com)
Sex-hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) binds to a specific protein on the surface of prostate, epididymis, and a human breast cancer cell line (MCF-7), and is internalized by these cells. (unifesp.br)
In this review, we decipher the rationale supporting the potential of LDH-targeted therapeutic strategies to tackle the direct immunosuppressive effects of LDH on a wide range of immune cells, and enhance the survival of patients treated with cancer immunotherapies. (stanford.edu)
Role of stimulatory guanine nucleotide binding protein (GSalpha) in proliferation of PC-3M prostate cancer cells. (unm.edu)
Previous studies have shown that calcitonin-like immunoreactive substances are secreted by primary prostate cells. (unm.edu)
To examine the possible effect of calcitonin on growth of invasive prostate cancer cells, we tested its effects on proliferation of PC-3M cells. (unm.edu)
Calcitonin stimulated DNA synthesis of PC-3M cells in a dose-dependent fashion, and also stimulated adenylyl cyclase and protein kinase C activities. (unm.edu)
To further delineate the role of these signaling cascades in proliferation of PC-3M prostate cancer cells, we selectively activated these pathways by transfecting cDNAs expressing constitutively active forms of either Gsalpha (Gsalpha-QL) or Gqalpha (Gqalpha-QL). (unm.edu)
Our scientists pursue every aspect of cancer research-from exploring the biology of genes and cells, to developing immune-based treatments, uncovering the causes of metastasis, and more. (mskcc.org)
Expression profile of differentially-regulated genes during progression of androgen-independent growth in human prostate cancer cells. (nih.gov)
1 The gender disparity indicates a potential role of androgen and/or estrogen in the regulation of viral infection in target cells and in the host immune response. (xiahepublishing.com)
Protein expression and function of organic anion transporters in short-term and long-term cultures of Huh7 human hepatoma cells. (cancerindex.org)
We found previously that, in prostate cancer cells, IGF-IR is up-regulated by both androgens and estrogens via a nongenotropic pathway. (unical.it)
We now show that, in prostate cancer cells, stimulation with either androgens or estrogens up-regulates IGF-IR by inducing cyclic AMP response element-binding protein (CREB) activation. (unical.it)
During embryonic development, androgens direct cells to read specific segments of the DNA that hold instructions for how to build these organs. (helix.com)
In prostate cells, AR regulates other genes that are important for cell duplication-a helpful behavior during embryonic development when the body needs to generate more cells to build organs. (helix.com)
Through various means, prostate cancer cells may cause excessive activity from the AR protein4-6. (helix.com)
Here we first measured the mRNA levels of 10 FABPs in benign and malignant prostate cell lines and identified the differentially expressed FABP6 and FABP9 mRNAs whose levels in all malignant cell lines were higher than those in the benign cells. (liverpool.ac.uk)
In addition, miR-145 is already interesting in other cancer-related contexts, because other researchers have linked it to functions of importance for tumour formation, such as division and growth of cancer cells and control of stem cells and blood vessels. (lu.se)
When medications deplete the body's androgen supply or when the testes are removed (the testes supply 97% of a man's androgen), prostate cancer cells die. (oncolink.org)
Unfortunately, androgen deprivation rarely results in cure, as not all prostate cancer cells are androgen-dependent. (oncolink.org)
Sertoli cells, under the influence of androgens, also secrete inhibin, a polypeptide, which may help to locally regulate spermatogenesis. (medscape.com)
Breast Cancer Breast cancer occurs when cells in the breast become abnormal and divide into more cells uncontrollably. (msdmanuals.com)
In the USA, obesity has recent- obesity is associated with progres- aberrations of cancer cells, summa- ly surpassed tobacco use as the sion but not incidence [9]. (who.int)

Estrogen hormone therapy, or use of estradiol as a supplement, raises health concerns related to estradiol concentration in blood such as elevated levels in postmenopausal women increasing the risk of breast cancer. (cdc.gov)

Dr. Sadar is an expert witness for Astellas, Pfizer, and University of California on patents covering Xtandi®, used for the treatment of prostate cancer in the USA with global sales greater than $3.5 billion per year. (bcgsc.ca)
The role of medications that suppress androgen production is controversial in the treatment of prostate cancer. (oncolink.org)

Activated, but not phosphorylated, by HIPK3 and ZIPK/DAPK3.Defects in AR are the cause of androgen insensitivity syndrome (AIS).Affected males have female external genitalia, female breast development, blind vagina, absent uterus and female adnexa, and abdominal or inguinal testes, despite a normal 46,XY karyotype.Defects in AR are the cause of spinal and bulbar muscular atrophy X-linked type 1 (SMAX1). (ptglab.com)
Genetic changes that significantly reduce but do not eliminate the receptor's activity cause partial androgen insensitivity syndrome. (medlineplus.gov)

Transcription factor activity is modulated by bound coactivator and corepressor proteins. (ptglab.com)
The encoded protein can activate transcription through pyrimidine-rich initiator (Inr) elements and E-box motifs. (cancerindex.org)

Felix Kim, PhD, an assistant professor in the Department of Pharmacology and Physiology at Drexel University College of Medicine, is co-founder of Context Therapeutics, a biopharmaceutical company focused on developing drugs to treat prostate cancer. (drexel.edu)
The drugs that we have to treat prostate cancer are effective initially, but most patients start developing resistance, and the drugs usually stop working after a year or two," said senior author Nupam P. Mahajan, PhD, a professor of surgery in the Division of Urologic Surgery. (drramon.com)
AR antagonists are currently used to treat prostate cancer. (rcsb.org)
Thus, anti-androgen therapy is commonly used to treat prostate cancer. (msdmanuals.com)

It is possible to inherit dysfunctional genes that lead to the development of a familial form of a particular cancer type. (cancerquest.org)
4 The more closely related an individual is to someone with prostate cancer, the more likely they will share the same genes that predisposed the affected individual. (cancerquest.org)
5 The mechanisms by which these genes lead to cancer, however, are still not well understood. (cancerquest.org)
Further analysis revealed that a lower AR occupancy was accompanied by a reduction in FoxA1 binding at regulatory regions of AR-dependent genes. (oncotarget.com)
LncRNAs are a class of ncRNAs that are more than 200 nucleotides in length, and although lncRNAs do not possess protein-coding capability, they play vital roles in modulating protein-coding genes at the transcriptional or posttranscriptional level [ 10 , 11 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
A comprehensive analysis of Fanconi anemia genes in Chinese patients with high-risk hereditary breast cancer. (cdc.gov)

Genome-wide association study identifies new prostate cancer susceptibility loci. (snpedia.com)
1 Hormonal, dietary, and genetic differences, and differences in access to healthcare may contribute to the altered susceptibility to prostate cancer in these populations. (basicmedicalkey.com)
Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms Associated with Female Breast cancer Susceptibility in Chinese Population. (cdc.gov)

The adrenal androgens play a role in the development of castrate resistant prostate cancer. (abdominalkey.com)

This contributes towards the unnecessary excessive growth of any part of the breast which ultimately propagates to cancer. (tryambak.net)
An androgen is a sex hormone that contributes to the development of what are thought of as "male" sex characteristics , such as body hair. (healthline.com)

It may not be suitable for individuals with certain medical conditions, such as prostate or breast cancer. (rhghspace.com)
TNBC or Triple Negative Breast Cancer is a type of breast cancer. (tryambak.net)
But couldn't we detect the severity of breast cancer earlier? (tryambak.net)
Studies have shown the presence of AR in about 70-90 percent of breast cancer. (tryambak.net)
The biggest contributor to this data is breast cancer, the most prevalent form of cancer in India topping the incident and mortality figures. (tryambak.net)
Both protein degraders are currently in Phase 2 clinical trials-ARV-110 for prostate cancer and ARV-471 for breast cancer. (acs.org)
Landscape of tumor suppressor long noncoding RNAs in breast cancer. (cancerindex.org)
The landscape and biological functions of tumor suppressor long noncoding RNAs in breast cancer are still unknown. (cancerindex.org)
Next, the expression model, prognostic roles, potential biological functions and epigenetic regulation of tumor suppressor long noncoding RNAs were investigated and validated in the breast cancer and pancancer cohorts. (cancerindex.org)
Finally, EPB41L4A-AS2 was selected to validate our novel finding, and the tumor suppressive roles of EPB41L4A-AS2 in breast cancer were examined. (cancerindex.org)
The expression of the identified long noncoding RNAs was downregulated in cancer tissue samples compared with normal tissue samples, and these long noncoding RNAs correlated with a favorable prognosis in breast cancer patients and the patients in the pancancer cohort. (cancerindex.org)
Finally, EPB41L4A-AS2 inhibited breast cancer cell proliferation, migration and invasion and induced cell apoptosis in vitro. (cancerindex.org)

Androgen deficiency such as hypogonadism is associated with a range of chronic diseases. (cdc.gov)
The prevalence of symptomatic androgen deficiency in men between 30 and 79 years of age is estimated to be 5.6% (Araujo et al, 2007). (cdc.gov)
Androgen deficiency in men and excess in women and the associated chronic diseases are a public health concern. (cdc.gov)

Sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) is the blood transport protein for androgens and estrogens. (cdc.gov)

Scope includes mutations and abnormal protein expression. (cancerindex.org)

Localized prostate cancer can be cured by surgery or radiation therapy, advanced prostate cancer is not yet curable. (basicmedicalkey.com)
Although patients may be understandably concerned about facing an increased risk from COVID-19 as a result of cancer therapy, they shouldn't let this deter them from seeking treatment for their cancer, Bakouny says. (dana-farber.org)
MicroRNA-7641 is a regulator of ribosomal proteins and a promising targeting factor to improve the efficacy of cancer therapy. (nih.gov)
Most prostate cancers are initially dependent on androgens for growth, and patients with prostate cancer receive hormonal therapy. (biomedcentral.com)
Based on these trials the authors conclude that combined modality therapy may improve disease free survival compared to radiotherapy alone, but the impact of androgen deprivation combined with radiotherapy on overall survival remains unclear. (oncolink.org)
These hormonal therapy drugs do not cure prostate cancer, but they can slow the growth and spread of prostate cancer. (msdmanuals.com)

The incidence of prostate cancer cases rose drastically in the early 1990s. (cancerquest.org)
African American men have the greatest incidence of prostate cancer in the United States. (cancerquest.org)
The incidence of clinical prostate cancer varies across geographic regions. (basicmedicalkey.com)
Scandinavian countries and the United States report the highest incidence of prostate cancer, whereas the disease is relatively rare in Japan and other Asian countries. (basicmedicalkey.com)
Overall, incidence rates of prostate cancer began declining in 2000. (medscape.com)
Since 2014, however, the overall incidence has increased by 3% per year, and diagnoses of advanced-stage prostate cancer have increased by about 5% per year. (medscape.com)
In addition, obesity is associated with progression (but not incidence) of tumour microenvironment through prostate cancer. (who.int)

Bromodomain inhibitors have been explored in blood cancers and a rare cancer called NUT midline carcinoma. (medindia.net)
A newly formed company, OncoFusion Therapeutics, co-founded by Chinnaiyan and study co-author Shaomeng Wang, Ph.D., will look at developing potential BET bromodomain inhibitors to attack prostate cancer. (medindia.net)

In the serum SHBG mainly takes over the transportation of steroids and the reduction/regulation of the effect of androgen. (cdc.gov)
2002). Decreased SHBG serum levels are associated with conditions where elevated androgen levels are present or where the effect of androgen on its target organs is excessive. (cdc.gov)
Measurement of SHBG can be an important indicator of an excessive/chronic androgenic action where androgen levels are normal, but where clinical symptoms would seem to indicate androgen in excess. (cdc.gov)

The progression of prostate cancer from the androgen-dependent to androgen-independent state is the main obstacle in improving the survival and quality of life in patients with advanced prostate cancer. (biomedcentral.com)
One of the more well known misuses of AR occurs during the development and progression of prostate cancer 1-6. (helix.com)

The report, by researchers at Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and other institutions, suggests that while COVID-19 has complicated the treatment of cancer patients, it has also spurred creative solutions to challenges in clinical care, and research into the new disease is benefiting from insights gained over years of cancer research. (dana-farber.org)
The aim of this study was to explore biological explanations for the failure of ADT to mitigate clinical outcomes in men with severe COVID-19 by assessing the role of androgen in regulating viral entry protein expression in the upper and lower respiratory tract. (xiahepublishing.com)
The highly anticipated structures of Arvinas 's clinical candidates ARV-110 and ARV-471 debuted on Sunday at the American Association for Cancer Research meeting . (acs.org)
Ian Taylor, Arvinas's chief scientific officer, tells C&EN that the linker was a key innovation in developing these clinical candidates. (acs.org)

Since the early 1990s, prostate cancer death rates have been decreasing in men of all races and ethnicities. (medscape.com)

The scientists found that prostate cancers develop ways to shut down this RNA molecule to allow themselves to grow. (drramon.com)
One half of the molecule binds to a protein of interest while the other half latches on to an E3 ubiquitin ligase. (acs.org)

3 For more information about the relationship between age and cancer, refer to the Mutation section. (cancerquest.org)

Cancer survival rates are greatly affected by the stage at which a cancer is detected. (cancerquest.org)
Though many patients beat the disease, once the cancer has spread to distant organs - a process known as metastasis - the five-year survival rate is less than 30 percent. (drexel.edu)
The risk of CRC among ADT exposed PC patients compared to unexposed cancer-free men was calculated using a flexible parametric survival model and expressed as hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). (springer.com)
Immunotherapies have significantly improved the survival of patients in many cancers over the last decade. (stanford.edu)
Of these, only two found a significant improvement in survival with the addition of androgen deprivation. (oncolink.org)
In addition, of the four retrospective reviews that analyzed cancer-specific survival, none found that the addition of androgen deprivation to radiotherapy improved this endpoint. (oncolink.org)

Immunotherapy for Cancer Immunotherapy is used to stimulate the body's immune system against cancer. (msdmanuals.com)

Generalizability of associations from prostate cancer genome-wide association studies in multiple populations. (snpedia.com)
Toward this objective, ChIP-Seq data of 14 S/MAR binding proteins were analyzed and the binding site coordinates of these proteins were used to prepare a non-redundant S/MAR dataset of human genome. (researchgate.net)
Moreover, it modified the genome-wide binding pattern of AR. (oncotarget.com)
International Cancer Genome Consortium. (cancerindex.org)
Data from whole transcriptome sequencing of 33 breast specimens in the Harbin Medical University Cancer Center cohort and The Cancer Genome Atlas was applied to identify and validate the landscape of tumor suppressor long noncoding RNAs, which was further validated by The Cancer Genome Atlas pancancer data including 33 cancer types and 12,839 patients. (cancerindex.org)

ChIP-sequnce analyis (ChIP-seq) revealed that fewer AR-binding sites were present in the context of p53 inhibition, suggesting that wild-type p53 is required for stable binding of AR to certain chromatin regions. (oncotarget.com)

Our results suggest that FABP9 is a valuable prognostic marker to predict the outcomes of prostate cancer patients, perhaps by playing an important role in prostate cancer cell invasion. (liverpool.ac.uk)

In addition to its carboxy terminus ligand-binding domain, PBK directly interacts with the amino terminus transactivation domain of the AR to stabilise it thereby leading to increased AR protein expression observed in PrCa. (ox.ac.uk)

The role of androgens in the growth of prostate cancer was demonstrated by Huggins in 1941. (abdominalkey.com)
Aberrant DNA methylation of GATA binding protein 3 (GATA3), interleukin-4 (IL-4), and transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) promoters in. (oncotarget.com)
This binding activity typically results in normal hormonal processes like body hair growth. (healthline.com)

Currently, there are three main drugs used to treat advanced prostate cancer in men, but they ultimately provide limited benefits to patients. (drexel.edu)
The prognosis for prostate cancer patients depends on the histologic grade, the tumor size, and the disease stage. (basicmedicalkey.com)
The effects of androgen deprivation seem most pronounced in patients with minimal disease at diagnosis. (basicmedicalkey.com)
Treatment for advanced prostate cancer can provide significant disease palliation for many patients for several years after diagnosis. (basicmedicalkey.com)
The COVID-19 pandemic has impacted virtually every aspect of cancer care and research - from introducing new risks for cancer patients to disrupting the delivery of cancer treatment and the continuity of cancer research, a review of scientific literature shows. (dana-farber.org)
Among those most at risk of developing severe forms of the illness are patients with cancer," says Ziad Bakouny, MD, MSc, of Dana-Farber, the co-lead author of the study with Jessica Hawley, MD, of Columbia University Medical Center. (dana-farber.org)
Research into why patients with cancer are at heightened risk is moving very quickly. (dana-farber.org)
In patients with cancer, COVID-19 can be especially harsh. (dana-farber.org)
A MEDLINE search was used to identify all English language articles published between January 1990 and September 1998 in which prostate cancer patients were treated with a combination of radiotherapy and androgen deprivation. (oncolink.org)
2, 3 Moreover, most patients eventually relapse to an androgen independent state and die. (bmj.com)

The most important and established prognosticators for prostate carcinoma include the Gleason grade, the extent of tumor volume, and the presence of capsular penetration or margin positivity at the time of prostatectomy. (medscape.com)
Carcinoma of the prostate is the most common malignancy in men. (bmj.com)

Anatomy4

Diseases4

Chemicals and Drugs10

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment1

Phenomena and Processes1

Receptor83

Receptors18

Deprivation therapy9

Testosterone23

Metastatic13

Dihydrotestosterone1

Antigen7

Therapies10

LNCaP3

Tumors10

Gene17

Colorectal cancer3

Tissues7

Hormones8

Stimulates2

Chemotherapy3

Levels of androgens1

Variants4

Enzalutamide3

Agonists1

Castration6

Cells28

Estrogen1

Treatment of prostate cancer2

Insensitivity syndrome2

Transcription2

Treat prostate cancer4

Genes6

Susceptibility3

Resistant prostate cancer1

Contributes2

Breast cancer12

Deficiency3

Globulin1

Mutations1

Therapy6

Incidence7

Inhibitors2

SHBG3

Progression of prostate cancer2

Clinical4

Early 1990s1

Molecule2

Mutation1

Survival6

Body's1

Genome5

Inhibition1

Role in prostate cancer1

Ligand-bindin1

Growth3

Patients10

Carcinoma2