Proliferation cellular genes viral. Medical search. Frequent questions

KAP1 is a ubiquitously expressed protein involved in many critical functions including: transcriptional regulation, cellular differentiation and proliferation, DNA damage repair, viral suppression, and apoptosis. (wikipedia.org)
Increased levels of KAP1 have been found in liver, gastric, breast, lung, and prostate cancers as well, indicating that it may play an important role in tumor cell proliferation (possibly by inhibiting apoptosis). (wikipedia.org)
These abnormalities result in significant alterations in gene expression related to cell proliferation, apoptosis, migration and immune signaling pathways. (spandidos-publications.com)
Small RNAs are important regulators that modulate development, proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis of organisms [ 15 , 16 ]. (hindawi.com)
EGFR is a key mediator of oncogenesis in NSCLCs, with its activation inducing tumor proliferation and growth, angiogenesis, invasion and metastasis, and inhibiting apoptosis ( 10 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
In other situations the response is cell cycle arrest or programmed cell death (apoptosis), providing a barrier to further tumour development that the tumour may ultimately circumvent through the acquisition of a mutation in one of the genes within the stress-response pathway. (southampton.ac.uk)
They are involved in a range of cellular processes, depending upon the transcriptional repressor that recruits them to DNA, and they suppress the transcription of genes that cause apoptosis (reviewed in Bergman et al, 2006a). (southampton.ac.uk)
Increasing evidence indicates that EBV miRNAs target the host mRNAs involved in cell proliferation, apoptosis and transformation. (ijbs.com)
The Tax protein of BLV is a transcriptional activator of viral replication, a key contributor to the oncogenic potential and a positive and negative regulator of apoptosis. (biomedcentral.com)
For comparative purposes, we distributed the genes according to Gene Ontology processes and identified expressed genes involved in transcription, signal transduction, immune response, cell proliferation, cell growth and apoptosis, which were affected by Tax. (biomedcentral.com)
Many physiological processes, including proper tissue development and homeostasis, require a balance between apoptosis and cell 123653-11-2 manufacture proliferation. (bioinf.org)
Apoptosis and cell proliferation are linked by cell-cycle regulators and apoptotic stimuli that affect both processes. (bioinf.org)
A failure in regulating proliferation together with suppression of apoptosis are the 123653-11-2 manufacture minimal requirements for a cell to become cancerous [4]. (bioinf.org)
E6 promotes cell growth by inactivation of the p53-related effects, which control cellular proliferation and apoptosis. (medscape.com)
Viral gene expression has been implicated in the disruption of various normal cellular processes, including activation, growth, and apoptosis, the latter allowing accumulation of abnormalities leading to cellular transformation. (biomedcentral.com)
The activation of the Akt/Bad pathway generates a progressive resistance to apoptosis, at a time HTLV-I genes expression is silenced. (biomedcentral.com)

KAP1 acts as a transcriptional corepressor of the viral genome. (wikipedia.org)
This heterochromatin formation prevents the transcription of the viral genome. (wikipedia.org)
E proteins made by the viral genome promote the activation of host DNA replication mechanisms that can then be used by the virus during its own replication. (medscape.com)
The key interests lie within the field of genome integrity and variation, cell division, regulation of gene expression, protein turnover and signal transduction. (ki.se)
Using an approach known as ultra-deep whole-genome sequencing, which is considered the gold standard for genomic assessment, the researchers analyzed the genomes of HIV-1-eradicated cells for mutations in genes outside the region targeted by the guide RNA. (genengnews.com)
They demonstrate the effectiveness of our gene editing system in eliminating HIV from the DNA of CD4 T cells and, by introducing mutations into the viral genome, permanently inactivating its replication. (genengnews.com)
The genome of oncogenic viruses carries genes that have protein products that act as oncoproteins in cell proliferation and transformation. (ac.ir)
During latent infection, EBV genome exists as a circular episome and replicates by recruiting the cellular replication machinery [ 5 ]. (ijbs.com)
Depending on where in the genome the viral DNA gets integrated, it can promote downstream expression of genes [2]. (blogspot.com)
Some of the human endogenous retroviruses called long terminal repeats (or LTRs, a particular kind of retrotrasnposons , genetic elements of viral origin that are able to transpose to different genome loci) act as promoters for DNA transcription of the nearby genes. (blogspot.com)
In HPV-induced tumours, misappropriate random integration of the viral genome into the host chromosome often leads to disruption of the E2 gene and the loss of E2 expression. (bris.ac.uk)
Viral integration into the host cellular genome is a hallmark of malignant progression. (medscape.com)
Furthermore, a continuous decrease of in vivo bound transcription initiation factors to the CD3 γ promoter was observed after silencing of the viral genome. (biomedcentral.com)
We conclude that HTLV-I infection initiates a process leading to a complete loss of CD3 membrane expression by an epigenetic mechanism which continues along time, despite an early silencing of the viral genome. (biomedcentral.com)
HCV virion is enveloped and has a positive strand genome comprising 9.6 kb RNA which is processed by cellular and viral proteases into 10 viral proteins, Core, E1, E2, p7 (structural proteins), NS2, NS3, NS4a, NS4b, NS5a and NS5b (nonstructural proteins). (biomedcentral.com)
In particular, the FANTOM (Functional Annotation of the Mammalian Genome) consortium pioneered the discovery of the noncoding RNA world by providing, through Cap Analysis of Gene Expression (CAGE-Seq), the first evidence that large portions of our genome are transcribed, producing a multitude of sense and antisense transcripts 12 . (nature.com)
Once delivered into the host cell, the incoming positive-strand viral RNA genome is first translated by host ribosomes into two overlapping polyproteins, pp1a and pp1ab. (elifesciences.org)
Viruses associated with tumors can be classified into two types depending on the nucleic acid in the viral genome and the nature of strategy to induce malignant transformation. (biomedcentral.com)
The RNA tumor viruses (retroviruses), when they infect cells, the viral RNA is copied into DNA by reverse transcription and the DNA is introduced into the host genome, where it persists and can be inherited by subsequent generation of cells. (biomedcentral.com)
Different from retroviral oncogenes, DNA virus oncogenes are indispensable components of the viral genome and have no counterpart in the normal host cells. (biomedcentral.com)
Real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), viral whole genome sequencing, and viral culture was performed on these nasal specimens. (cdc.gov)

To investigate the possibility that HIV-1 replication in lymph nodes sustains the reservoir during ART, we looked for evidence of viral replication in 5 donors after up to 13 years of viral suppression. (nih.gov)
These findings show that all detectable persistent HIV-1 infection is consistent with maintenance in lymph nodes by clonal proliferation of cells infected before ART and not by ongoing viral replication during ART. (nih.gov)
All HPV subtypes contain early (E) genes and late (L) genes, which are essential to viral integration and replication. (medscape.com)
E genes are responsible for episomal replication. (medscape.com)
DNA replication is the primary event that regulates cellular and viral proliferation. (nih.gov)
Drugs that block DNA replication can arrest the spread of cancer cells and eliminate viral pathogens. (nih.gov)
In fact, amplification of genes by over replication of certain regions of DNA is one of the primary mechanisms by which cancer cells become resistant to drug therapy. (nih.gov)
In the past, our research focused on viral genomes as models for DNA replication in mammalian cell nuclei. (nih.gov)
We were among the first to develop and exploit sub-cellular systems that allowed SV40 and polyomavirus to complete DNA replication in vitro. (nih.gov)
We used isolated nuclei from virus infected cells supplemented with cytoplasm, and discovered that viral replicating chromosomes could continue replication in the absence of a nucleus. (nih.gov)
More importantly, they carried their work over to ex vivo experiments in which T cells from patients infected with HIV were grown in cell culture, showing that treatment with the gene editing system can suppress viral replication and dramatically reduce viral load in patient cells. (genengnews.com)
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are associated with viral replication and host immune response. (hindawi.com)
During Adv DNA replication, host cellular proteins such as nuclear factor I and POU2F1 are used by Adv [ 13 , 14 ]. (hindawi.com)
Small RNAs include microRNA (miRNA), siRNA, tRFs, piRNA, and rasiRNAs, which regulate gene expression in a wide range of processes such as viral replication and host immune response. (hindawi.com)
miRNAs regulate gene expression in a wide range of physiological and pathological processes such as in immune response and viral replication [ 18 ]. (hindawi.com)
In this report, the effects are assessed of two well-characterized antimicrobial amphipathic peptides (melittin and cecropin) on human immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV-1) replication and gene expression in acutely infected cells at subtoxic concentrations. (microbiologyresearch.org)
We also studied the ability of HCV Core and Cox-2 siRNA either alone or in combination to inhibit viral replication and cell proliferation in HCV serum infected Huh-7 cells. (biomedcentral.com)
Nonstructural protein 5 (Nsp5) is the main protease of SARS-CoV-2 that cleaves viral polyproteins into individual polypeptides necessary for viral replication. (elifesciences.org)
Nsp3 and Nsp5 are essential for viral replication and represent well-characterized drug targets among coronaviruses. (elifesciences.org)
By inhibiting Nsp5 proteolytic activity, Paxlovid reduces viral replication and disease severity in patients with COVID-19. (elifesciences.org)
Viral genes interfere with cell replication control mechanism. (biomedcentral.com)
Transformation happens in non-permissive cells where the infection cannot advance to viral replication. (biomedcentral.com)

L genes encode viral capsid proteins. (medscape.com)
Role of CtBP transcriptional repressors in cancer cell proliferation and survival In common with p53, CtBP1 and CtBP2 proteins were discovered through their physical association with a viral oncoprotein. (southampton.ac.uk)
Disruption of Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL by viral proteins as a possible cause of cancer. (ac.ir)
In an older post I described how DNA is arranged inside the nucleus and how changes in chromatin (the "yarn" of DNA and other proteins like histone complexes) can affect gene expression. (blogspot.com)
Post-transcriptional regulation happens at the messenger RNA level: mature single-stranded mRNAs are created from primary gene transcript in order to make proteins. (blogspot.com)
Abdul Hamid, N, Brown, C & Gaston, K 2009, ' The regulation of cell proliferation by the papillomavirus early proteins ', Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences , vol. 66 (10), pp. 1700 - 1717. (bris.ac.uk)
In particular, we will discuss the modifications in intrinsic and extrinsic apoptotic pathways caused by proteins encoded by HPV early genes. (mdpi.com)
Specialized cell structures called ribosomes are the cellular organelles that actually synthesize the proteins (RNA transcription). (cdc.gov)
Two proteins involved intimately in regulating cell proliferation are Akt and the tumor suppressor p53 (p53). (bioinf.org)
Disruption of E1 and E2 allows for dysregulated downstream genes and the expression of E6 and E7 proteins, which are selectively maintained in virally induced tumors. (medscape.com)
Several viral proteins have been shown to play an important role in tumor progression by modulating transcription factors. (biomedcentral.com)
Although specific mechanisms by which HCV disease progresses remains unknown, direct interaction of specific viral proteins with host cell system has shown to be accounted for some of its pathophysiological profile of HCV patients [ 4 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
We have learned that genes in mammalian cells are transcribed into messenger RNAs (mRNAs), which are to be translated into polypeptides (proteins). (intechopen.com)
2) The presence of LYSET is critical for cancer cell proliferation in nutrient-deprived environments in which extracellular proteins must be catabolized. (stanford.edu)
The transforming capability of DNA tumor viruses has been traced to numerous viral proteins that work together to stimulate cell proliferation, overriding some of the normal growth regulator mechanisms in the infected cell and its progeny. (biomedcentral.com)

KAP1 has been shown to participate in the maintenance of pluripotency of embryonic stem cells and to promote and inhibit cellular differentiation of adult cell lines. (wikipedia.org)
Extensive emphasis is also made on tissue differentiation and growth during embryogenesis, and deciphering mechanisms underlying the establishment cellular diversity in developing tissues and organs. (ki.se)
The serine/threonine protein kinase BRAF is an important player in the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway that transduces mitogenic signals from activated cell-surface growth factor receptors to the cell nucleus and as a result modulates many important cellular processes, such as tumor growth, differentiation, proliferation, and angiogenesis. (hindawi.com)
The processes of animal cell growth, differentiation and infection by viruses result from the differential expression of specific genes, controlled primarily at the level of transcription. (rockefeller.edu)
These cells retain expression of cluster of differentiation markers (CD markers), interferon-stimulated gene (ISG), reduce expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and, show a rapid proliferation rate, which makes them an attractive tool for cellular therapies and to treat various inflammatory and viral-induced injuries. (utrgv.edu)
Therefore, this complex regulatory network requires precise control of gene expression patterns at both transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels in order to ensure proper maturation, differentiation, and formation of blood and lymphatic vessels. (nature.com)
Gene expression must be appropriately maintained to regulate development, differentiation, and proliferation of cells. (intechopen.com)
The viral oncogenes are closely similar to cellular genes, the proto-oncogenes, which code for components of the cellular machinery that regulates cell proliferation, differentiation, and death. (biomedcentral.com)
Hematopoiesis, in particular the genetic control of hematopoietic cell proliferation and differentiation is also studied in human cell cultures and transgenic mouse model systems. (lu.se)

Furthermore, post-transcriptional gene expression regulation by cellular and/or EBV-derived microRNAs has attracted considerable attention. (spandidos-publications.com)
Furthermore, we discuss recent findings on EBV associated gastric carcinogenesis by focusing on the roles of latent genes, epigenetic abnormalities, genomic alterations, and post-transcriptional regulation by cellular and viral microRNAs (miRNAs). (spandidos-publications.com)
Here, we found that the MNB1 (mannose-binding-lectin 1) gene is involved in the regulation of Fe-deficiency stress response in Arabidopsis thaliana . (biomedcentral.com)
These various classes of cofactors, as well as others (p300/CBP, STAGA) implicated in chromatin template modifications, offer important new mechanisms for gene regulation. (rockefeller.edu)
Transcriptional gene regulation happens at the chromatin level, in other words, genes are expressed or silenced due to rearrangements of the DNA inside the nucleus. (blogspot.com)
RNAi in the regulation of mammalian viral infections. (blogspot.com)
Up- and down-regulation of 122, 118 and 139 genes were detected for TaxWT, TaxS240P and TaxD247G, respectively, but TaxS240P down regulated more genes than TaxWT or TaxD247G. (biomedcentral.com)
Thus, our result may be useful for understanding Tax functions and its regulation which cellular factors. (biomedcentral.com)
Here we outline evidence that suggests a role for E2 in the regulation of cell proliferation, and we discuss the importance of this regulation in viral infection and cervical tumourigenesis. (bris.ac.uk)
Binds to dendritic cells (DCs) via C1QR1, resulting in down-regulation of T-lymphocytes proliferation (PubMed:11086025, PubMed:17881511). (proteopedia.org)
This interaction is probably promoted via the up-regulation of cellular autophagy by the virus (PubMed:29695434). (proteopedia.org)
The common thread of this group is their conviction that chromatin - with its dynamic regulation and virtually limitless epigenetic complexity - significantly impacts gene transcription and DNA repair in cancer cells, thereby promoting cellular proliferation, invasiveness and metastasis characteristic of the malignant state. (lsuhs.edu)

The protein encoded by this gene mediates transcriptional control by interaction with the Krüppel-associated box repression domain found in many transcription factors. (wikipedia.org)
[3] [4] The regulatory elements upstream of type I IFN genes differ, allowing differential transcription of type I IFNs in response to stimuli. (wikidoc.org)
[2] IFNAR agonism results in transcriptional changes, with the potential to increase or suppress the transcription of over 2000 different genes. (wikidoc.org)
Gene set enrichment analysis of microRNAs showed significant changes in the top six enriched functions that consisted of biological pathway, biological process, molecular function, cellular component, site of expression and transcription factor in all the groups. (researchsquare.com)
Many current and prospective treatments for cancer work by either inhibiting, or re-activating stress response pathways.Our work focuses on the role of regulators of gene transcription in the response of cancer cells to stress. (southampton.ac.uk)
We have also developed interests in other pathways which regulate gene transcription and cancer cell proliferation in response to stress and changes in cell metabolism. (southampton.ac.uk)
To this end, our specific objectives are to determine the nature and mechanism of action of both the general transcription initiation factors that are commonly used by all genes and the gene- and cell type-specific factors that directly regulate target genes in response to various growth, developmental and viral stimuli. (rockefeller.edu)
Since the ubiquitous general transcription factors represent the ultimate targets of the various gene-specific factors, their characterization is essential. (rockefeller.edu)
The transcription of protein-coding genes involves RNA polymerase II and a number of common factors (TFIIA, -B, -D, -E, -F and -H) that form functional preinitiation complexes (on promoters) via an ordered assembly pathway. (rockefeller.edu)
Similarly, the transcription of small structural RNA genes (5S RNA, tRNA) by RNA polymerase III involves the assembly of common factors (TFIIIC and TFIIIB) into highly stable complexes via an ordered pathway. (rockefeller.edu)
Interestingly, there was a notable fold change difference between up-regulated genes involved in transcription, signal transduction and cell proliferation induced by TaxS240P or TaxD247G. (biomedcentral.com)
The viral E2 protein regulates transcription of E6 and E7 and thereby has an indirect effect on cell proliferation. (bris.ac.uk)
The transcription factor Sp1 plays a key role in the activation of many cellular and viral gene promoters, including those that are regulated during the cell cycle. (nih.gov)
Besides nucleocaspid formation, HCV Core protein, in particular, also modulates gene transcription, cell proliferation, cell death and interferes with metabolism leading to oxidative stress, liver steatosis and eventually HCC. (biomedcentral.com)
Recent global analyses of gene transcripts revealed that specific transcription factors (TFs) and their networking systems physiologically correspond to the onset of human diseases, including cancer. (intechopen.com)

Specifically, few Gene Ontology biological processes (BPs) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways were modulated after a short (24H) compared to a long (48H) treatment. (nature.com)
Activation of various innate immune signaling pathways ( TLR3 , TLR4 , TLR7 , TLR8 , TLR9 , cGAS , RIG-I , MDA-5 ) leads to the rapid induction of type I IFNs due to their (mostly) intronless gene structure. (wikidoc.org)
Viruses also encode miRNAs and there is evidence to suggest that virus-encoded miRNAs target specific host genes and pathways that may be beneficial for their infectivity and/or proliferation. (biomedcentral.com)
Here we show that for several of the 135 known viral miRNAs in human viruses, the human genes targeted by the viral miRNA are enriched for specific host pathways whose targeting is likely beneficial to the virus. (biomedcentral.com)
This study suggested that the number of viral miRNA targets in the host may be much greater than previously assumed and are specific to host pathways. (biomedcentral.com)
Transcriptional responses to pathways: roles in the causes and treatment of cancer Intra-cellular stress-response pathways are activated in response to potentially deleterious conditions in the cell's environment. (southampton.ac.uk)
The modulation of cell cycle control mechanisms, cellular regulatory and signaling pathways by oncogenic viruses, plays an important role in viral carcinogenesis. (ac.ir)
Among these pathways, the Wnt signaling pathway plays a predominant role in carcinogenesis and is known as a central cellular pathway in the development of tumors. (ac.ir)
What pathways are this gene/protein implicaed in? (cancerindex.org)
therapeutic manipulation of host cell death pathways to facilitate clearance of persistent viral infections. (liverpool.ac.uk)
The term "oncotarget" encompasses all molecules, pathways, cellular functions, cell types, and even tissues that can be viewed as targets relevant to cancer as well as other diseases. (oncotarget.com)
In the context of aberrant growth control, many important genes responsible for the genesis of various cancers have been discovered and the pathways through which they act characterized. (bioinf.org)
p53 is a master gene regulator controlling diverse cellular pathways, by either activating or repressing downstream genes. (bioinf.org)
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) Core protein is thought to trigger activation of multiple signaling pathways and play a significant role in the alteration of cellular gene expression responsible for HCV pathogenesis leading to hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). (biomedcentral.com)
Prevents the establishment of cellular antiviral state by blocking the interferon-alpha/beta (IFN-alpha/beta) and IFN-gamma signaling pathways and by blocking the formation of phosphorylated STAT1 and promoting ubiquitin-mediated proteasome-dependent degradation of STAT1 (PubMed:23799612) (By similarity). (proteopedia.org)

EBV miRNAs also inhibit the expression of viral antigens, thereby enabling infected cells to escape immune recognition. (ijbs.com)
TIGIT is known to exert immune suppressive functions, such as inhibiting T cell activation, proliferation, and functions that inhibit inflammation and anti-tumor responses. (cdc.gov)

Tripartite motif-containing 28 (TRIM28), also known as transcriptional intermediary factor 1β (TIF1β) and KAP1 (KRAB-associated protein-1), is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TRIM28 gene. (wikipedia.org)
Studies have shown that deletion of KAP1 in mice before gastrulation results in death (implicating it as a necessary protein for proliferation) while deletion in adult mice results in increased anxiety and stress-induced alterations in learning and memory. (wikipedia.org)
The protein binds to the histones of the viral chromatin and then recruits Mi2α and SETB1. (wikipedia.org)
One of the mutations that has aroused considerable interest in recent years concerns the BRAF (v-raf murine sarcoma viral oncogene homolog B) gene that encodes the protein belonging to a highly oncogenic RAS/RAF/MEK/ERK signaling pathway [ 9 ]. (hindawi.com)
This gene is a member of the protein-tyrosine kinase oncogene family. (cancerindex.org)
What does this gene/protein do? (cancerindex.org)
However, if this mRNA is either destroyed or bound to a complementary RNA strand, it can no longer make the protein and the gene is effectively silenced. (blogspot.com)
a novel epstein-barr virus-latent membrane protein-1-specific t-cell receptor for tcr gene therapy. (liverpool.ac.uk)
here, we describe a tcr gene transfer regimen to rapidly and reliably generate t-cells specific to ebv-encoded latent membrane protein-1 (lmp1), which is a potential target for t-cell-based immunotherapy. (liverpool.ac.uk)
The pleiotropic viral protein Tax mediates the NF-κB activation resulting in abnormal cytokine and cytokine receptor expression[ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
We examined the in vitro effects of HCV Core protein of HCV genotype 3a and 1a on the cellular genes involved in oxidative stress and angiogenesis. (biomedcentral.com)
Over expression of Core gene of HCV 3a genotype showed stronger effect in regulating RNA and protein levels of Cox-2, iNOS, VEGF, p-Akt as compared to HCV-1a Core in hepatocellular carcinoma cell line Huh-7 accompanied by enhanced PGE2 release and cell proliferation. (biomedcentral.com)
Participates in the viral particle production as a result of its interaction with the non-structural protein 5A (By similarity). (proteopedia.org)
Deep RNA-DNA, RNA-protein interaction studies, and phenotype rescue analyses reveal that LETR1 is a nuclear trans-acting lncRNA modulating, via key epigenetic factors, the expression of essential target genes, including KLF4 and SEMA3C , governing the growth and migratory ability of LECs. (nature.com)
Transmembrane Protein 41B (TMEM41B) and Vacuole Membrane Protein 1 (VMP1) are two ER-associated lipid scramblases that play a role in autophagosome formation and cellular lipid metabolism. (stanford.edu)

Which genes are expressed and which, instead, are silenced, is regulated either at the transcriptional or at the post-transcriptional level. (blogspot.com)
Sp3, a member of this family, functions to repress transcriptional activation in two viral promoters, most likely by competing with Sp1 for GC box/Sp binding sites. (nih.gov)

In addition, at 48H, BPs linked to inflammatory phenotypes were activated (confirming KEGG results), while BPs linked to extracellular matrix (ECM) structural organisation, endothelial cell proliferation, and collagen metabolism were repressed. (nature.com)
Low-level WNV infection of hRPE cells induced expression of genes that are typically associated with the host cell response to virus infection. (molvis.org)
It expresses a range of cell surface molecules involved in adaptive and innate immunity, as well as crucial sentinel molecules, including toll-like receptors (TLRs), which are pivotal in early cellular defense against virus infection. (molvis.org)
Studies of cell viability and proliferation showed that HIV-1-eradicated cells were growing and functioning normally. (genengnews.com)
It is concluded that antimicrobial peptides such as melittin and cecropin are capable of inhibiting cell-associated production of HIV-1 by suppressing HIV-1 gene expression. (microbiologyresearch.org)
CtBP activity is modified by UV radiation and glycolytic metabolism, suggesting that CtBPs regulate cell survival in response to cellular stress. (southampton.ac.uk)
On the other hand, viruses, too, encode miRNAs, and they can be used by either the virus or the cell to target viral transcripts. (blogspot.com)
Interference RNA is not the only way a virus can use to modulate gene expression inside the cell. (blogspot.com)
Retrotransposon-mediated sequence transduction and gene duplication lead to the creation of novel genes and fosters the diversity of multi-gene families such as MHC- or T-cell receptor genes [2]. (blogspot.com)
latent infection can spread by b cell recirculation and proliferation, but whether this alone achieves systemic infection is unclear. (liverpool.ac.uk)
The human papillomavirus (HPV) E6 and E7 oncogenes have direct effects on host cell proliferation. (bris.ac.uk)
The total chromosomal content of a cell involves approximately 105 genes in a specialized macromolecule of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA). (cdc.gov)
Tumor susceptibility gene 101 (TSG101) elicits an array of cellular functions, including promoting cytokinesis, cell cycle progression and proliferation, as well as facilitating endosomal trafficking and viral budding. (oncotarget.com)
TSGΔ154-1054 therefore specifically enhances TSG101-stimulated cell proliferation, clonogenicity, and tumor growth in nude mice. (oncotarget.com)
p53 has an important protective role against undesired cell proliferation. (bioinf.org)
In the present study, we analyze the activity and binding of Sp3 on several eukaryotic promoters that contain G/C boxes and are known to be regulated during cellular proliferation and the cell cycle. (nih.gov)
The data suggest that Sp3 may contribute to the control of proliferation- and/or cell-regulated promoters depending upon the context and/or number of functional Sp1 binding sites. (nih.gov)
It is currently thought that tumors develop from a persistently infected T-cell reservoir, which can be amplified by cytokine-induced activation leading to viral gene expression, cellular proliferation and survival of some expanded cells. (biomedcentral.com)
We hypothesized that, in CBD, failure of IL-10 to modulate the beryllium-specific, cell-mediated immune response would result in persistent, maximal cytokine production and T lymphocyte proliferation, thus contributing to the development of granulomatous lung disease. (cdc.gov)
We of both mitogen- and Ag-induced accessory cell-dependent T lym- phocyte proliferation. (cdc.gov)
Of note, we identified a heterozygous nonsense variant (rs1386709957) in the T-cell immunoglobulin and ITIM domain ( TIGIT ) gene in 1 patient ( Appendix Figure 1). (cdc.gov)
10. Alters cell proliferation, cell death, or nutrient supply nomes with high accuracy. (who.int)
However, current protocols for deriving neurons from human pluripotent stem cells give rise to heterogeneous cell populations both in regard to the temporal aspects and the cellular composition. (lu.se)

c-Src (cellular Src), encoded by Src gene, is a non-receptor tyrosine kinase first isolated as the normal cellular homolog to the potent avian sarcoma viral transforming oncogene v-Src [ 4 ]. (intechopen.com)

The long-term vision is that the delineation of key developmental strategies, and identification of molecules involved in these processes, will provide new paradigms in cellular transplantation and regenerative medicine. (ki.se)
More importantly, these target genes were enriched for cellular processes that facilitated the viral infection. (biomedcentral.com)
Thus, these genes seem to be specific for induction and early developmental processes. (igf-1rinhibitors.com)
GSTs exist in many isoforms in plants and are active in cellular detoxification processes, in which the different isoforms are specific for different sub strates. (igf-1rinhibitors.com)
Degradation of macromolecules delivered to lysosomes by processes such as autophagy or endocytosis is crucial for cellular function. (stanford.edu)

Possible interactions between miRNA and target genes. (biomedcentral.com)
Potential host target genes were predicated and validated by qRT-PCR to study the impact of microRNAs on the host genes. (hindawi.com)
Most of the target genes were involved in the MAPK signaling pathway and innate immune response. (hindawi.com)

[9] For example, type I IFNs induce interferon-stimulated gene ( ISG ) expression, classically resulting in a robust anti-viral immune response. (wikidoc.org)
Oncogenic retroviruses have developed different strategies to induce cellular proliferation and cancer. (blogspot.com)
For example, steroid and thyroid hormones directly bind to nuclear receptors, which induce expression of specific genes. (intechopen.com)

To identify key genes differentially expressed in the human retinal pigment epithelium (hRPE) following low-level West Nile virus (WNV) infection. (molvis.org)
We also identified other genes, including IDO1 and BAMBI, that may influence the RPE and therefore outer blood-retinal barrier integrity during ocular infection and inflammation, or are associated with degeneration, as seen for example in aging. (molvis.org)
They have co-evolved with their host over millions of years and have had to adapt to the cellular environment, which in turn is evolving to evade viral infection. (biomedcentral.com)
EBVaGC is defined by monoclonal proliferation of carcinoma cells with latent EBV infection, as demonstrated by EBV-encoded small RNA (EBER) in situ hybridization. (spandidos-publications.com)
Also, viral infection has proved to have a great impact on cellular small RNA expression and gene expression [ 9 - 11 ]. (hindawi.com)
Remarkably, EBV-encoded miRNAs are abundantly expressed in latently-infected cells and serve important function in viral infection and pathogenesis. (ijbs.com)
In this paper, we studied expression, kinetics, chromatin remodeling of the CD3 gene at different time-points post HTLV-I infection. (biomedcentral.com)
These findings provide evidence that Nsp5-dependent cleavage of TRMT1 and perturbation of tRNA modification patterns contribute to the cellular pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2 infection. (elifesciences.org)
The human disease gene LYSET is essential for lysosomal enzyme transport and viral infection. (stanford.edu)
TMEM41B and VMP1 modulate cellular lipid and energy metabolism for facilitating dengue virus infection. (stanford.edu)

Previous studies have shown that some EBV latent genes have oncogenic properties. (spandidos-publications.com)

Collectively, these studies not only suggest a genotype-specific interaction between key players of HCV pathogenesis but also may represent combined viral and host gene silencing as a potential therapeutic strategy. (biomedcentral.com)
In other words, expression of specific genes might have relevance to pathogenesis of diseases. (intechopen.com)

Activation of Akt (murine thymoma viral oncogene homolog) is one of the mechanisms that mediate the effects of EGFR ( 11 ). (spandidos-publications.com)

Sumoylated TRIM28 can assemble epigenetic machinery for gene silencing, while phosphorylated TRIM28 is involved in DNA repair. (wikipedia.org)
Global CpG island hypermethylation, which induces epigenetic silencing of tumor suppressor genes, is also a unique feature of EBVaGC and is considered to be crucial for its carcinogenesis. (spandidos-publications.com)
5. Niller HH, Wolf H, Minarovits J. Viral hit and run-oncogenesis: genetic and epigenetic scenarios. (ac.ir)
Epigenetic Alteration of the Cancer-Related Gene TGFBI in B Cells Infected with Epstein-Barr Virus and Exposed to Aflatoxin B1: Potential Role in Burkitt Lymphoma Development. (who.int)

a) Endogenous host miRNAs target specific host genes. (biomedcentral.com)
b) Host miRNAs target viral genes. (biomedcentral.com)
c) Virus encoded miRNAs target viral genes to mediate immune evasion or maintenance of latency. (biomedcentral.com)

MicroRNAs (miRNA) are regulatory genes that target and repress other RNA molecules via sequence-specific binding. (biomedcentral.com)
MicroRNAs (miRNA) are ~22nt non-coding regulatory genes that target other RNA molecules via sequence-specific hybridization, which results either in translation inhibition (an imperfect target miRNA sequence match) or in cleavage and degradation of the targeted RNA (a perfect target miRNA sequence match) [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

In complex multi-cellular organisms such as man, they are critical in maintaining the normal function of each organ in the body, and the survival of the organism as a whole. (southampton.ac.uk)
Our studies have progressed from studies of the basic mechanisms whereby CtBPs control breast cancer proliferation and survival (Birts et al 2011 and Bergman et al 2009, 2006a) to their impact on the response to current chemotherapies (Birts et al 2010) to the demonstration that CtBPs are themselves a therapeutically tractable potential molecular target for cancer therapy (Birts et al 2013). (southampton.ac.uk)
Duration of RT-PCR positivity and viral culture positivity was assessed using survival analysis. (cdc.gov)

In this study, transcripts of putative POX genes were Olaparib structure also most abundant during early s. (igf-1rinhibitors.com)
Since two transcripts of cytochrome P450 Inhibitors,Modulators,Libraries homologues were also highly abundant specifically three days after induc tion, cellular detoxification seems to be important for this Inhibitors,Modulators,Libraries early developmental process. (igf-1rinhibitors.com)

What this means is that endogenous miRNAs are able to mediate viral infections. (blogspot.com)
most persistent viral infections can be controlled, but not cured, by current therapies. (liverpool.ac.uk)
These results will be of interest to virologists interested in studying the alterations in tRNA modifications, host methyltransferases, and viral infections. (elifesciences.org)
However, the exact underlying mechanism of TMEM41B in promoting viral infections remains an open question. (stanford.edu)

The tumor-suppressor gene PTEN negatively regulates the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway ( 13 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
Together, our findings show that the MNB1 gene negatively controls the Fe-deficiency response in Arabidopsis via modulating reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels and the ROS-mediated signaling pathway, thereby affecting the expression of Fe uptake- and translocation-related genes. (biomedcentral.com)

Here, 87 genes were differentially expressed as compared to the cultures three days after induction. (igf-1rinhibitors.com)

Modulates viral translation initiation by interacting with viral IRES and 40S ribosomal subunit (By similarity). (proteopedia.org)

Activates STAT3 leading to cellular transformation (By similarity). (proteopedia.org)

[2] [11] Efforts to engineer a more potent IFNα2 elicited a cellular response similar to IFNβ, suggesting that the affinity of type I IFNs for IFNAR has an important role in regulating the downstream response. (wikidoc.org)
For example, murine gammaherpesvirus 68 (MHV-68)-encoded miRNAs are located downstream of viral tRNAs and transcribed by RNA Pol III [ 2 ]. (ijbs.com)

[ 10 ] Other genetic causes involve mutations in genes regulating the packaging, transport, or release of cytotoxic granules. (medscape.com)

Given the multi-domain architecture of Ln5, it seems conceivable that other receptors in addition to integrins interact with one of its many potential ligand sites to mediate its diverse cellular functions, including activation of EGFR signaling. (spandidos-publications.com)

Their study ("Elimination of HIV-1 Genomes from Human T-lymphoid Cells by CRISPR/Cas9 Gene Editing") is published In Scientific Reports. (genengnews.com)
Not surprisingly, early analyses of the more than 1,000 human miRNA sequences aligned against a large dataset of pathogenic mammalian viral genomes indicated that most, if not all, viruses are recognized by one or more cellular miRNAs [1]. (blogspot.com)

Failure of mammalian cells to regulate their proliferation cycle leads to cancer. (nih.gov)

Four latency types (0, I, II, III) are defined depending on the expression pattern of EBV latent genes, and at the same time are linked to a particular tumor type [ 6 , 7 ]. (ijbs.com)

RNA extracted from mock-infected and WNV-infected cells was assessed for differential expression of genes using Affymetrix microarray. (molvis.org)

We characterized proviral populations in lymph nodes and peripheral blood before and during ART, evaluated the levels of viral RNA expression in single lymph node and blood cells, and characterized the proviral integration sites in paired lymph node and blood samples. (nih.gov)
Researchers at Temple University used a CRISPR gene editing technique to remove HIV from the DNA of human cells grown in culture. (genengnews.com)
Adv infects the host cells through binding to different cellular receptors such as coxsackievirus and adenovirus receptor (CAR) [ 12 ]. (hindawi.com)
HIV LTR activity was also reduced in human cells stably transfected with retroviral expression plasmids for the melittin or cecropin gene. (microbiologyresearch.org)
Examples include exposure to toxic compounds or radiation, loss of contact with other cells or the extra-cellular matrix, lack of oxygen (hypoxia), acidic pH, the activation of oncogenes, induction of cellular senescence, oxidative damage or depletion of essential metabolites. (southampton.ac.uk)
Different cells express different genes. (blogspot.com)
to test this hypothesis, we analyzed expression of viral and cellular genes in brain-infiltrating immune cells. (liverpool.ac.uk)
Furthermore, the combined siRNA treatment also showed a dramatic reduction in viral titer and expression of these genes in HCV serum-infected Huh-7 cells. (biomedcentral.com)
In this study, we selected Huh-7 cells as culture model system for the transient transfection using HCV 3a and 1a Core genes and viral load analysis using HCV-infected serum as inoculum. (biomedcentral.com)
Compared to wildtype human cells, TRMT1-deficient human cells infected with SARS-CoV-2 exhibit reduced levels of intracellular viral RNA. (elifesciences.org)
Our scientists pursue every aspect of cancer research-from exploring the biology of genes and cells, to developing immune-based treatments, uncovering the causes of metastasis, and more. (mskcc.org)
Many factors are involved in causing and permitting the unregulated proliferation of cells that occurs in cancer. (msdmanuals.com)
Загальні відомості про злоякісні новоутворення Cancer is an unregulated proliferation of cells. (msdmanuals.com)
bronchoalveolar lavage cells from control and CBD subjects to evaluate the beryllium salt-specific production of endogenous IL-10 and the effects of exogenous human rIL-10 (rhIL-10) on HLA expression, on the production of IL-2, IFN- , and TNF- , and on T lymphocyte proliferation. (cdc.gov)
A heterozygous nonsense variant in the TIGIT gene was identified in a patient in Thailand who had severe COVID-19, resulting in lower TIGIT expression in T cells. (cdc.gov)
We investigated TIGIT gene expression in T cells of the patient from our study (Co45), a 43-year-old man, and compared it with 2 other sex- and age-matched patients who had severe COVID-19 (Co6 and Co84) ( Appendix ). (cdc.gov)
The department focuses on research that aims to develop gene therapy for hematopoietic cells using viral vectors. (lu.se)
The first reported case of hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) was described in 1952 by Farquhar and Claireaux, [ 1 ] who called the disease familial hemophagocytic reticulosis and described it as a rare familial disorder characterized by a proliferation of histiocytes in solid organs and phagocytosis of blood cells. (medscape.com)

Ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM) is a kinase that (similar to mTOR) can phosphorylate KAP1 resulting in the switch from viral latency to the lytic cycle. (wikipedia.org)
There are known instances of viruses using their endogenous miRNAs to target their own genes to evade host immune system's surveillance and maintain latency (Figure 1c ) [ 8 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
A novel viral mechanism for dysregulation of beta-catenin in Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus latency. (ac.ir)

The interaction between E2 and host apolipoprotein E/APOE allows the proper assembly, maturation and infectivity of the viral particles (PubMed:25122793, PubMed:29695434). (proteopedia.org)

The MSC is equipped with standard and specialized laboratory equipment required to conduct most genomic and gene expression applications. (txbiomed.org)

Finally, there are several known instances of viral miRNAs targeting host genes (Figure 1d ). (biomedcentral.com)

However, the physiological role of Sp3 in the repression of endogenous cellular promoters has not been experimentally addressed. (nih.gov)
Therefore, we demonstrate that the endogenous cellular DHFR promoter is selectively responsive to Sp3 repression. (nih.gov)

The maturation step to release the individual Nsp polypeptides is executed by two viral-encoded proteases: Nsp5 (also known as Main Protease, M Pro /3C-like protease) and Nsp3 (also known as Papain-Like Protease, PL Pro ) ( Narayanan et al , 2022 ). (elifesciences.org)

Several different medicinal compounds such as anti-viral, anti-malarial, and anti-inflammatory agents, are under investigation for the treatment of these viral diseases. (utrgv.edu)

With the use of novel viral biomarkers, HPV OncoPredict, starting from a single self- or clinician-collected cellular sample, will enable women to undergo both primary cervical screening and, if HPV-positive, subsequent triage. (prescriptec.org)

Some of the general factors have been shown to be direct targets for specific regulatory factors, while more recent studies have implicated a number of general and gene-specific cofactors in the function of gene-specific activators. (rockefeller.edu)

4. Mesri EA, Feitelson MA, Munger K. Human viral oncogenesis: a cancer hallmarks analysis. (ac.ir)

We decided to investigate the mechanisms responsible for the loss of CD3 expression, its kinetics and its timely relationship with viral gene expression. (biomedcentral.com)

Despite overwhelming evidence that detection of viral nucleic acids (HPV testing) in cervical cellular samples allows earlier detection of CC as compared to cytology (Pap smear), it is feared that its use as a stand-alone test in CC screening would be responsible for over-diagnosis and over-treatment. (prescriptec.org)

Anatomy31

Organisms26

Diseases13

Chemicals and Drugs90

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment27

Phenomena and Processes72

Disciplines and Occupations1

Information Science3

Apoptosis16

Genome21

Replication22

Proteins15

Differentiation9

Regulation12

Transcription15

Pathways15

Inhibit2

Protein15

Transcriptional2

Cell23

Sarcoma viral transfor1

Processes5

Target genes3

Induce3

Infection10

Oncogenic1

Pathogenesis2

Homolog1

Epigenetic4

MiRNAs target3

MicroRNAs2

Survival3

Transcripts2

Infections4

Pathway2

Differentially expressed1

Modulates1

Transformation1

Downstream2

Mutations1

Mediate1

Genomes2

Mammalian1

Latent genes1

Expression of ge1

Cells18

Latency3

Interaction1

Genomic1

Host genes1

Endogenous2

Proteases1

Anti-viral1

Novel viral1

Regulatory1

Cancer1

Mechanisms1

Nucleic1