DiseasesChemicals and DrugsAnalytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and EquipmentPsychiatry and PsychologyPhenomena and ProcessesDisciplines and OccupationsInformation Science
Shy-Drager SyndromeVentilators, MechanicalSyndromeShynessMultiple System AtrophyPhysical and Rehabilitation MedicineEncyclopedias as TopicSpeech TherapyOccupational TherapySpeech DisordersManebManganese PoisoningZinebManganeseFacilitated DiffusionDyskinesias
ParkinsonismAutonomicParkinson PlusClinicallyNeurodegenerative disordersClinicalDementiaPrognosisParkinson'sOlivopontocerebellarOnsetBradykinesiaSupranuclear palsyTremorDegenerationInclusionTreatmentCommonMultipleTherapyMadeRegarding Parkinson-plusMultisystemSupranuclearTremorClinicalPMIDFindingsSymptomsAccurateDiseaseDysfunctionFeaturesGeneticPatientsPrimary
Parkinsonism4
  • Atypical parkinsonism and other Parkinson-plus syndromes are often difficult to differentiate from PD and each other. (wikipedia.org)
  • Dejerine and Thomas first used the term olivopontocerebellar atrophy (OPCA) in 1900 when they described 2 patients with a degenerative disorder leading to progressive cerebellar dysfunction and parkinsonism. (medscape.com)
  • Parkinsonism is a clinical syndrome characterized by tremor , bradykinesia (slowed movements), rigidity , and postural instability . (wikipedia.org)
  • Parkinson disease (PD) , also known as idiopathic parkinsonism , is a neurodegenerative disease and movement disorder characterized by resting tremor, rigidity and hypokinesia due to progressive degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra . (radiopaedia.org)
Autonomic3
  • MSA is also characterized by autonomic failure, formerly known as Shy-Drager syndrome. (wikipedia.org)
  • Other manifestations of multiple system atrophy are Shy-Drager syndrome, in which autonomic failure predominates, and sporadic olivopontocerebellar degeneration, which is characterized primarily by cerebellar signs. (medscape.com)
  • The group of disorders classified under multiple system atrophy belong to a broader class called the Parkinson-plus syndromes , which have in common features such as bradykinesia and rigidity seen in Parkinson disease, combined with additional components such as autonomic dysfunction, ataxia, or dementia. (medscape.com)
Parkinson Plus14
  • Parkinson-plus syndromes (PPS) are a group of neurodegenerative diseases featuring the classical features of Parkinson's disease (tremor, rigidity, akinesia/bradykinesia, and postural instability) with additional features that distinguish them from simple idiopathic Parkinson's disease (PD). (wikipedia.org)
  • Parkinson-plus syndromes are either inherited genetically or occur sporadically. (wikipedia.org)
  • Additional Parkinson-plus syndromes include Pick's disease and olivopontocerebellar atrophy. (wikipedia.org)
  • Clinical features that distinguish Parkinson-plus syndromes from idiopathic PD include symmetrical onset, a lack of or irregular resting tremor, and a reduced response to dopaminergic drugs (including levodopa). (wikipedia.org)
  • Accurate diagnosis of these Parkinson-plus syndromes is improved when precise diagnostic criteria are used. (wikipedia.org)
  • Since diagnosis of individual Parkinson-plus syndromes is difficult, the prognosis is often poor. (wikipedia.org)
  • The nuclear medicine SPECT procedure using 123I‑iodobenzamide (IBZM), is an effective tool in the establishment of the differential diagnosis between patients with PD and Parkinson-plus syndromes. (wikipedia.org)
  • Parkinson-plus syndromes are usually more rapidly progressive and less likely to respond to antiparkinsonian medication than PD. (wikipedia.org)
  • citation needed] Current therapy for Parkinson-plus syndromes is centered around a multidisciplinary treatment of symptoms. (wikipedia.org)
  • However, because of the common parkinsonian features, the disorders have been collectively named Parkinson-plus syndromes. (medscape.com)
  • Parkinson-plus syndromes respond poorly to the standard treatments for Parkinson disease (PD). (medscape.com)
  • An inadequate response to treatment in a patient with parkinsonian symptoms suggests the possibility of a Parkinson-plus syndrome and warrants a search for the signs and symptoms of degeneration in other neuronal systems. (medscape.com)
  • Modern immunocytochemical techniques and genetic findings suggest that Parkinson-plus syndromes can be broadly grouped into 2 types: synucleinopathies and tauopathies. (medscape.com)
  • See the related images below regarding Parkinson-plus syndromes. (medscape.com)
Clinically1
  • Diagnosis is made clinically, based on history and neurologic exam. (bmj.com)
Neurodegenerative disorders1
  • Proper diagnosis of these neurodegenerative disorders is important as individual treatments vary depending on the condition. (wikipedia.org)
Clinical3
  • The consensus group described the clinical features of the disease and set the criteria for diagnosis of possible, probable, and definite multiple system atrophy. (medscape.com)
  • The clinical definition of multiple system atrophy (MSA) is a progressive, idiopathic, degenerative process beginning in adulthood. (medscape.com)
  • Originally considered as primarily a pediatric disease, neuronal intranuclear hyaline inclusion disease has been increasingly recognized to be a heterogeneous disease with highly variable clinical manifestations, and ante-mortem diagnosis has been difficult. (radiopaedia.org)
Dementia1
  • Parkinson disease is by far the most common cause of the parkinsonian syndrome , accounting for approximately 80% of cases (the remainder being due to other neurodegenerative diseases, such as Lewy body dementia ) 1 . (radiopaedia.org)
Prognosis1
  • When an employee faces a serious health problem or is told he or she needs surgery, seeking a 2nd opinion from another physician can, in some cases, have a significant impact on their diagnosis, treatment plan or prognosis. (surgerysecondopinion.com)
Parkinson's2
  • The most common first sign of MSA is the appearance of an "akinetic-rigid syndrome" (i.e. slowness of initiation of movement resembling Parkinson's disease) found in 62% at first presentation. (wikipedia.org)
  • Parkinson's syndrome" redirects here. (wikipedia.org)
Olivopontocerebellar1
  • Thirty years later, the first consensus statement on the diagnosis of multiple system atrophy, by Gilman et al, recommended that the term striatonigral degeneration be replaced with multiple system atrophy with predominantly parkinsonian features (MSA-P) and that the term sporadic olivopontocerebellar degeneration be replaced with multiple system atrophy with predominantly cerebellar features (MSA-C). (medscape.com)
Onset2
  • Additional features include bradykinesia, early-onset postural instability, increased rigidity in axial muscles, dysautonomia, alien limb syndrome, supranuclear gaze palsy, apraxia, involvement of the cerebellum including the pyramidal cells, and in some instances significant cognitive impairment. (wikipedia.org)
  • Nevertheless, since the usefulness of skin biopsy and brain MRI for the diagnosis of NIID has been described, the number of NIID diagnoses has increased, in particular adult-onset NIID 4 . (radiopaedia.org)
Bradykinesia1
  • Parkinson disease (PD) is a chronic progressive neurologic disorder characterized by the presence of bradykinesia with at least one of rest tremor or rigidity. (bmj.com)
Supranuclear palsy2
  • They include multiple system atrophy (MSA), progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP), and corticobasal degeneration (CBD). (wikipedia.org)
  • Characteristics and symptom management of progressive supranuclear palsy: a multidisciplinary approach" (PDF). (wikipedia.org)
Tremor1
  • Conventional brain MRI findings of patients with neuronal intranuclear hyaline inclusion disease strongly resemble those seen in fragile X-associated tremor/ataxia syndrome (FXTAS) , including symmetric white matter involvement in combination with hyperintense changes of the middle cerebellar peduncles 4 . (radiopaedia.org)
Degeneration2
  • This is caused by progressive degeneration of neurons in several parts of the brain including the basal ganglia, inferior olivary nucleus, and cerebellum. (wikipedia.org)
  • Striatonigral degeneration is a sporadic, progressive neurodegenerative disorder that represents one manifestation of multiple system atrophy (MSA). (medscape.com)
Inclusion2
  • [ 3 ] The identification of these inclusion bodies was a unifying factor in the pathologic classification of the 3 entities that now fall under the category of multiple system atrophy: MSA-P, MSA-C, and, less formally, Shy-Drager syndrome. (medscape.com)
  • Neuronal intranuclear hyaline inclusion disease (NIID) is a slowly progressive neurodegenerative disease characterized by eosinophilic hyaline intranuclear inclusions in the central and peripheral nervous system, and also in the visceral organs. (radiopaedia.org)
Treatment4
  • The 1982 publication of The Prevention and Treatment of Five Complications of Diabetes: A Guide for Primary Care Practitioners was an initial attempt to provide straightforward and practical information that primary care practitioners could immediately apply in their practice in the diagnosis and prevention of complications of diabetes. (cdc.gov)
  • Medical 2nd opinion for medical or surgical diagnoses are exceedingly common, and even when they don't lead to another treatment plan, they're a worthwhile exercise. (surgerysecondopinion.com)
  • Not seeking a 2nd opinion in the case of a serious, complex, or rare diagnosis or recommendation for elective surgery is a missed opportunity to lower the risk of misdiagnosis and inappropriate or ineffective treatment. (surgerysecondopinion.com)
  • It's not common that treatment for most health problems, including most cancers, needs to start immediately after diagnosis. (surgerysecondopinion.com)
Common1
Multiple2
  • MSA is also different from multiple organ dysfunction syndrome, sometimes referred to as multiple organ failure, and from multiple organ system failures, an often-fatal complication of septic shock and other severe illnesses or injuries. (wikipedia.org)
  • In 2008, the second consensus statement on the diagnosis of multiple system atrophy was published. (medscape.com)
Therapy1
Made1
  • The diagnosis can be made using peripheral nerve biopsy (e.g. sural nerve) 1 or myenteric plexus biopsy (e.g. rectal biopsy) 2,3 . (radiopaedia.org)
Regarding Parkinson-plus1
  • See the related images below regarding Parkinson-plus syndromes. (medscape.com)
Multisystem1
Supranuclear4
  • Progressive Supranuclear Palsy (PSP), also called Stelle-Richardson-Olszewski Syndrome, reflects the combined names of the scientists who defined the disorder in 1964. (davisphinneyfoundation.org)
  • They include multiple system atrophy (MSA), progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP), and corticobasal degeneration (CBD). (wikipedia.org)
  • Additional features include bradykinesia, early-onset postural instability, increased rigidity in axial muscles, dysautonomia, alien limb syndrome, supranuclear gaze palsy, apraxia, involvement of the cerebellum including the pyramidal cells, and in some instances significant cognitive impairment. (wikipedia.org)
  • Characteristics and symptom management of progressive supranuclear palsy: a multidisciplinary approach" (PDF). (wikipedia.org)
Tremor1
  • Clinical features that distinguish Parkinson-plus syndromes from idiopathic PD include symmetrical onset, a lack of or irregular resting tremor, and a reduced response to dopaminergic drugs (including levodopa). (wikipedia.org)
Clinical2
  • The clinical definition of multiple system atrophy (MSA) is a progressive, idiopathic, degenerative process beginning in adulthood. (medscape.com)
  • The clinical definition of multiple system atrophy (MSA) is a progressive, idiopathic, degenerative process beginning in adulthood, manifesting in various degrees of autonomic failure, parkinsonism, cerebellar dysfunction, and pyramidal signs that are poorly responsive to levodopa or dopamine agonists. (medscape.com)
PMID2
  • PMID- 5097502 TI - A pericentric inversion, 5 p-q+, and additional complex rearrangements in a case of cri-du-chat syndrome. (nih.gov)
  • PMID- 5097514 TI - Differential representation of chromosomal HRNA in nuclear sap. (nih.gov)
Findings1
  • Modern immunocytochemical techniques and genetic findings suggest that Parkinson-plus syndromes can be broadly grouped into 2 types: synucleinopathies and tauopathies. (medscape.com)
Symptoms1
  • citation needed] Current therapy for Parkinson-plus syndromes is centered around a multidisciplinary treatment of symptoms. (wikipedia.org)
Accurate1
  • Accurate diagnosis of these Parkinson-plus syndromes is improved when precise diagnostic criteria are used. (wikipedia.org)
Disease3
  • Parkinson-plus syndromes respond poorly to the standard treatments for Parkinson disease (PD). (medscape.com)
  • Additional Parkinson-plus syndromes include Pick's disease and olivopontocerebellar atrophy. (wikipedia.org)
  • The progressive character of the disease is reflected in the range of illness duration-from between 10 and 25 years. (pharmacology2000.com)
Dysfunction2
  • MSA is also different from multiple organ dysfunction syndrome, sometimes referred to as multiple organ failure, and from multiple organ system failures, an often-fatal complication of septic shock and other severe illnesses or injuries. (wikipedia.org)
  • The common pathophysiological cause is found in genetic, epigenetic or acquired defects-frequently resulting in aggregate formation or accumulation of cell debris-ultimately leading to progressive dysfunction and finally to neuronal or glial cell death and structural disintegration. (justia.com)
Features1
  • However, because of the common parkinsonian features, the disorders have been collectively named Parkinson-plus syndromes. (medscape.com)
Genetic3
  • The diagnosis of SCA2 rests on the use of molecular genetic testing to detect an abnormal CAG trinucleotide repeat expansion in ATXN2 . (nih.gov)
  • Prenatal testing for a pregnancy at increased risk is possible if the diagnosis has been established by molecular genetic testing in an affected family member. (nih.gov)
  • thus, diagnosis depends on molecular genetic testing . (nih.gov)
Patients1
  • The nuclear medicine SPECT procedure using 123I‑iodobenzamide (IBZM), is an effective tool in the establishment of the differential diagnosis between patients with PD and Parkinson-plus syndromes. (wikipedia.org)
Primary1
  • The 1982 publication of The Prevention and Treatment of Five Complications of Diabetes: A Guide for Primary Care Practitioners was an initial attempt to provide straightforward and practical information that primary care practitioners could immediately apply in their practice in the diagnosis and prevention of complications of diabetes. (cdc.gov)