• On 28 February 1970 an agreement was signed on the use of the sites, however the procedure for transferring nuclear warheads to Polish forces was never defined in detail, enabling the Soviet Union to interpret the agreement as it wished and they may have intended to never actually transfer any. (wikipedia.org)
  • The book makes two key points: firstly, India's nuclear programme was a result of close collaboration, knowledge assimilation and technological imports from many countries, chiefly France, the US, the UK and the Soviet Union. (lse.ac.uk)
  • Designed in the 1950s, the Soviet Union transferred 200 BM-14 launchers, the most common launcher for 140mm rockets made by the Soviet Union, to Syria in 1967-1969… according to the database on arms transfers maintained by the Stockholm International Peace Research Institute (SIPRI). (un-truth.com)
  • On 26 September 1983 - three weeks after the Soviets shot down a Korean passenger jet - a Russian computer malfunction caused it to appear as though the U.S. had launched a nuclear attack on the Soviet Union. (icnnd.org)
  • 3 years after that, in 1955, the Soviet Union exploded their's - and the arms race / Cold War was on with ever-increasing arsenals of nuclear weapons on both sides. (peacechildthemusical.com)
  • They would argue, for example, that Pope Paul VI's 1967 encyclical Populorum Progressio requires Catholics to support government-to-government aid to developing nations (regardless of conflicting opinions about whether such aid actually harms the recipients). (crisismagazine.com)
  • 3 . More than fifty years ago, with the world teetering on the brink of nuclear crisis, Pope Saint John XXIII wrote an Encyclical which not only rejected war but offered a proposal for peace. (vatican.va)
  • But they might not be, especially to those who have believed the propaganda offered by India's official establishment about its entirely indigenous and independent technological capabilities or by the global nuclear industry about a clear distinction between civilian nuclear energy and nuclear weapons production. (lse.ac.uk)
  • If Japan, Britain etc. can get prior reprocessing consent, there is no reason for India not to get the same as long as the reprocessing is done in a safeguarded facility and all the spent fuel originating from a designated civilian nuclear reactor is accounted for through the entire system. (armscontrolwonk.com)
  • India again caused consternation in 2008 when it concluded an accord with the US under which India could access nuclear technologies and materials in return for placing its civilian nuclear facilities under International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) safeguards. (defenceforumindia.com)
  • Through the US-Indian nuclear accord, India has accepted IAEA oversight of its civilian nuclear facilities, and India has performed better in this regard than Libya, Iran, Iraq, North Korea, and Syria, which joined the treaty as non-nuclear weapon states but violated, or are suspected of violating, the NPT. (defenceforumindia.com)
  • During the Cold War, Soviet nuclear warheads were stockpiled in Poland and designated to deploy within the Polish People's Army. (wikipedia.org)
  • Apart from Soviet warheads designated to deploy within Polish military in case of war with NATO, it is believed that Polish authorities attempted to develop thermonuclear weapons on its own. (wikipedia.org)
  • by 1979, the CIA believed it possessed between 10 to 20 warheads. (blogspot.com)
  • American nuclear weapons of all types - bombs, warheads, shells, and others - are numbered in the same sequence starting with the Mark 1 and (as of March 2006 [update] ) ending with the W91 (which was canceled prior to introduction into service). (findatwiki.com)
  • The Israeli Disarmament Movement together with the Chemical Weapons Convention Coalition (CWCC) and Green Cross convened two days of roundtable discussions on Chemical Weapons, Israel and the Middle East in Tel Aviv. (the-trench.org)
  • Para 1.14: UNSCR 1887 (S/RES/1887 (2009) of 24 September 2009, the product of the unprecedented summit-level meeting of the Council chaired by the U.S. President to consider nuclear non-proliferation and disarmament, demonstrated support at the highest political level for progress on a wide range of current global nuclear issues. (icnnd.org)
  • All three NPT pillars - nuclear disarmament, non-proliferation and peaceful uses - are addressed but the resolution's provisions on nuclear non-proliferation and security are more detailed, numerous and substantive than those on nuclear disarmament. (icnnd.org)
  • and it did not contain serious disarmament obligations for existing nuclear powers. (defenceforumindia.com)
  • It has a small nuclear arsenal for deterrence, unlike some recognized NWS that have massive stockpiles despite NPT obligations to engage in disarmament. (defenceforumindia.com)
  • Ever since the May 1998 nuclear weapon tests conducted by India, and followed by Pakistan, there has been a stream of books and articles that delve into the history of the nuclear programmes of the two South Asian countries. (lse.ac.uk)
  • Possessing a larger and older nuclear programme, India has come in for more attention. (lse.ac.uk)
  • After four days of talks with India over the 123 Nuclear Cooperation Agreement, the White House intervenes . (armscontrolwonk.com)
  • Moreover, 123 includes a specific clause that the purpose of the agreement is not to hinder anything India does with its strategic programme or to affect unsafeguarded or military nuclear facilities. (armscontrolwonk.com)
  • The July 18, 2005 statement says that the US would change its laws to give India the same benefits and responsibilities (under US law) that other countries with "advanced" nuclear technology get. (armscontrolwonk.com)
  • The U.S.-India nuclear deal is truly a faith-based agreement. (armscontrolwonk.com)
  • Hurrah for the India nuclear deal. (armscontrolwonk.com)
  • It is common knowledge that India has a robust missile programme that has been militarised under a Strategic Forces Command. (newsintervention.com)
  • If China possesses Dongfeng 3, 4, 5, 21 & 31 IRBMs (Intermediate Range Ballistic Missiles) / ICBMs, (InterContinental Ballistic Missiles), India has AGNI 3, 4 & 5 nuclear capable IRBMs (Intermediate Range Ballistic Missiles) and, of course, the Brahmos. (newsintervention.com)
  • On November 29, 2009, Manmohan Singh, India's Prime Minister, stated on Fareed Zakaria's GPS show that India wants to join the NPT as a nuclear-weapons state (NWS) and become the sixth NPT-recognized nuclear power. (defenceforumindia.com)
  • Bringing India within the NPT as a NWS would be controversial, but to exclude a nuclear-armed but non-proliferating India when it is now willing to join would not strengthen efforts against nuclear proliferation. (defenceforumindia.com)
  • India presented its position as one of principle, but it had security interests in having nuclear weapons to deter perceived threats from China. (defenceforumindia.com)
  • By all accounts, India has been a responsible nuclear power. (defenceforumindia.com)
  • India is now willing to join the NPT and bring its legitimacy as a democratic nuclear power and its growing influence to bear on shoring up the NPT's objectives. (defenceforumindia.com)
  • From then on, the number of nuclear weapons in the world began to drop, even though India, Pakistan and North Korea acquired nuclear weapons. (peacechildthemusical.com)
  • From 1967 to 1969 he was out here - assistant professor of zoology at the University of California, Berkeley. (tripod.com)
  • Poland is not known or believed to possess weapons of mass destruction. (wikipedia.org)
  • Ballistic missiles, long- range aircraft, and weapons of mass destruction have made the security offered by national boundaries even more illusory. (gdrc.org)
  • We know that the weapons of mass destruction proffered as one of the reasons for the invasion did not exist. (theyworkforyou.com)
  • I think it is no exaggeration to say we are on the cusp of the further perfection of extreme evil, an evil whose possibility spreads well beyond that which weapons of mass destruction bequeathed to the nation-states, on to a surprising and terrible empowerment of extreme individuals. (paricenter.com)
  • This article assesses concerns about the potential development of new weapons and risks of mass destruction made possible by nanotechnology-the rapidly evolving field of atomic and molecular engineering 1 . (paricenter.com)
  • Weapons of mass destruction (WMD) are already banned from outer space under the terms of the 1967 Outer Space Treaty. (paricenter.com)
  • Such weapons, at least in principle, could include WMD, either in terms of entirely new means of mass destruction, or nanotechnological enhancements to existing WMD. (paricenter.com)
  • The mounting peril threatens to overwhelm President Obama's quest for a world free of nuclear weapons, a quest he will pursue at a summit on nuclear security in April and at a meeting in May to review the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons (NPT). (defenceforumindia.com)
  • plus the low levels of iodine-131, a short-lived radioactive product of nuclear fission, found shortly afterwards in sheep in the states of Victoria and Tasmania, downwind of the incident site. (blogspot.com)
  • Mark 18 - Very high yield fission weapon ( Ivy King device). (findatwiki.com)
  • In 1970s a group of scientists headed by Sylwester Kaliski worked on initiating nuclear fusion using high-energy lasers. (wikipedia.org)
  • With these rather minimalist goals, the navy possessed until the early 1970s a small number of platforms, mostly destroyers. (blogspot.com)
  • Continued disturbing revelations about Iran's nuclear programs escalate the dangers the world faces from nuclear proliferation. (defenceforumindia.com)
  • the Chinese in 1964 - and Israel in 1967, according to the revelations of Mordechai Vanunu - a whistle-blower. (peacechildthemusical.com)
  • explores the global story of India's nuclear programme during its first 40 years, set within the context of the Cold War. (lse.ac.uk)
  • Secondly, India's nuclear programme was 'a dual-use endeavour, simultaneously serving civilian and military ends' (7-8). (lse.ac.uk)
  • After recounting the institutional birth of India's nuclear programme, Sarkar describes the close cooperation between France and India's atomic energy institutions, and India's leadership playing off the US and the Communist bloc. (lse.ac.uk)
  • The next section opens with US President Dwight Eisenhower's 'Atoms for Peace' speech that inaugurated a global nuclear marketplace, going on to describe how India's Department of Atomic Energy (DAE) signed agreements with the UK and Canada for its first two reactors, Apsara and CIRUS . (lse.ac.uk)
  • Most critical to India's nascent interest in nuclear weapons was the 1959 purchase of the designs for a reprocessing plant from the US Vitro Corporation. (lse.ac.uk)
  • Not only does this statement depart from India's historic NPT opposition, but it also could agitate nuclear diplomacy in 2010. (defenceforumindia.com)
  • They have every right possess the same arsenal of nukes we have. (armscontrolwonk.com)
  • The 140mm rocket is documented in standard reference materials as being present in the Syrian government's weapons arsenal. (un-truth.com)
  • These arguments are particularly important today as advocates of nuclear power make historically flawed arguments about the technology, and play up its supposed ability to solve the grave threat of climate change. (lse.ac.uk)
  • It removes the threat posed by a particular weapon class by ordering destruction of all existing stockpiles and prohibiting the maintenance of current or acquisition of future proscribed weapons. (the-trench.org)
  • On the threat of cyber terrorism in a nuclear context see Jason Fritz, "Hacking Nuclear Command and Control", ICNND Research Paper, May 2009. (icnnd.org)
  • But the real danger to humanity starts as the dust clouds begin to spread around the world - carrying with them the threat of a "Nuclear Winter. (peacechildthemusical.com)
  • All agree: the presence of nuclear weapons is a threat to the very existence of life on earth. (peacechildthemusical.com)
  • This is an account of all the reports of chemical weapons use in Syria, including warnings of imminent use. (un-truth.com)
  • evidence emerged from Syria of pre-dawn attacks including use of chemical weapons on the Ghouta area in the Damascus suburbs contested by rebel forces and Syrian army units. (un-truth.com)
  • This attack differs from all previous CW attacks in Syria because of the large number of victims: over 1500 are believed to have died. (un-truth.com)
  • In the aftermath of the Russian invasion of Ukraine in 2022, several Polish politicians proposed that Poland host nuclear weapons under the NATO nuclear sharing program. (wikipedia.org)
  • In 1967 the Vistula Programme was agreed to build storage facilities so Soviet nuclear weapons could be made available to Polish forces in the event of war, mirroring the NATO nuclear sharing concept. (wikipedia.org)
  • Thank God for President Putin and Russia, we now have not only an equal and even playing field, but are now able to defend oursleves properly and end the cowardly impunity of the NATO criminal murder machine and mafia like state protection racket of demanding an eternal 3%-5% GDP annually and eternal business for the MIC with compatability and weapons upgrades to the end of time. (jar2.com)
  • A little later that same year, the Soviets also apparently believed that the U.S. and NATO had begun the countdown for a nuclear attack against the USSR, though again, when the decision was taken to wait, no attack eventuated. (icnnd.org)
  • as a nuclear-collaborative state that supplied it with uranium, apartheid South Africa was the obvious option. (blogspot.com)
  • Mark 1 - " Little Boy " gun-type uranium weapon (used against Hiroshima). (findatwiki.com)
  • Ever since the first nuclear weapon was dropped on the city of Hiroshima, Japan on August 6 th 1945, the world has been talking about getting rid of them. (peacechildthemusical.com)
  • This plant was to separate plutonium from the other radioactive and undesirable elements in the spent fuel that would be forthcoming from the yet-to-be constructed CIRUS reactor, plutonium that would be first used to make the nuclear device exploded in May 1974. (lse.ac.uk)
  • Implosion Mark 2 - Another Manhattan Project plutonium implosion weapon, a hollow implosion design , was also sometimes referred to as Mark 2. (findatwiki.com)
  • Mark 3 - " Fat Man " plutonium implosion weapon (used against Nagasaki), effectively the same as the "Gadget" device used in the Trinity nuclear test with minor design differences. (findatwiki.com)
  • The most noteworthy of these statements, emerging during the Reagan years in the context of the Cold War, dealt with nuclear weapons and was titled "The Challenge of Peace. (crisismagazine.com)
  • According to former AEC nuclear physicist Nic von Weilligh (1) who had worked on Project Chalet, starting in 1979, a "300 series" eventually developed into five pre-production models - two of which were of such high quality that one, 305, was retained as a training device called Hobo, after its warhead was removed. (blogspot.com)
  • bombs were given the prefix "B", while the same warhead used in other roles, like missiles, would normally be prefixed "W". For instance, the W-53 warhead was also used as the basis for the B53 nuclear bomb . (findatwiki.com)
  • Poland was also working with Russia to help eliminate the large stockpiles of chemical and biological weapons developed by the Warsaw Pact countries. (wikipedia.org)
  • Poland ratified the Biological Weapons Convention (BWC) on 25 January 1973 and is not known to have conducted any activity prohibited by the BWC. (wikipedia.org)
  • In 2004 during the G8 Summit, the Polish-Russian agreement in the sphere of chemical weapons destruction was reached. (wikipedia.org)
  • There can be no hope of victory in a nuclear war, the two sides would be united in suffering and destruction. (gdrc.org)
  • Sakharov not once repeated that nuclear balance of superpowers, menace of the guaranteed mutual suicide (so called Mutual Assured Destruction) was an important factor which prevented the Third World War. (sakharov-center.ru)
  • At the macro-strategic end of the apartheid state's Total Strategy scale on which small-teams reconnaissance operations sat at the micro-tactical end, the ultra-secret Project Chalet of the South African Defence Force (SADF) achieved a major milestone in November 1979 by producing the pariah state's first operational nuclear weapon. (blogspot.com)
  • This meant that the Polish People's Army was equipped with aircraft (such as MiG-21, Su-7 and Su-22), as well as short range ballistic missiles (such as R-300 Elbrus, 9K52 Luna-M and OTR-21 Tochka) that could be used to deliver Soviet nuclear weapons. (wikipedia.org)
  • There show s versions that could believe this Uncertainty regretting learning a operational share or argument, a SQL growth or foster concepts. (geotrade-gmbh.com)
  • Poland ratified the Chemical Weapons Convention in August 1995 and did not declare any offensive program or chemical weapons stockpiles. (wikipedia.org)
  • The chemical weapons agreement will assist Russia in disposing of its lewisite stockpiles. (wikipedia.org)
  • In a region where (existential) security and the nuclear weapons stand central to any debate on arms control strategies, the exclusive focus on chemical weapons (CW) was a rare occurrence. (the-trench.org)
  • The meeting goals were twofold: promote ratification of the Chemical Weapons Convention (CWC) by Israel and to have Israel take a more positive stance in the diplomatic engagements to establish a zone free of non-conventional weaponry in the Middle East. (the-trench.org)
  • Furthermore, the Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons (OPCW) or other States Parties may offer various types of assistance after an accidental release of a toxic chemical. (the-trench.org)
  • Which is why we encourage you to host a Citizens' Assembly on the subject as, if governments cannot solve the problem of how to eliminate nuclear weapons, we the peoples must. (peacechildthemusical.com)
  • From 1981 to 2000, the Greenham Common Women's Peace Camp protested the presence of Nuclear weapons on British soil and, on June 12th 1982, a million people gathered in Central Park New York to demonstrate against the existence of Nuclear Weapons and the Cold War Arms Race. (peacechildthemusical.com)
  • A nuclear freeze movement spread across the United States and Citizen's Diplomacy movements sprung up between the USA and USSR, helping to end the Cold War by 1989. (peacechildthemusical.com)
  • An example is the B61 nuclear bomb , which was the parent design for the W80 , W81 , and W84 . (findatwiki.com)
  • Bomb designed with weapon characteristics as the foremost criteria. (findatwiki.com)
  • Mark 5 - Significantly smaller high efficiency nuclear bomb. (findatwiki.com)
  • The type and yield of weapons in the higher estimate is not known. (icnnd.org)
  • Heaviest U.S. weapon, second highest yield of any U.S. weapon. (findatwiki.com)
  • The world has become too small and too crowded, its people too intermingled and too interdependent, its weapons too lethal. (gdrc.org)
  • The BBC Today and World at One programmes did some good interviews of Ministers on this topic. (johnredwoodsdiary.com)
  • The analysis of Sakharov's plural works and deeds shows that his method in science, in designing nuclear weapons, in defending human rights, in manufacturing world security was one and the same: he always remained a man of exact sciences, a physicist, a construction engineer, an implementor. (sakharov-center.ru)
  • Can the NPT, which is the centerpiece of the global non-proliferation effort, be righted such that the world can take steps towards Obama's vision of a nuclear-free world? (defenceforumindia.com)
  • As part of President Obama's effort to advance the cause of a nuclear-free world, the Security Council unanimously adopted Resolution 1887 on September 24, 2009, which "[c]alls upon all States that are not Parties to the NPT to accede. (defenceforumindia.com)
  • Para 2.4: The references to 'nuclear winter' are drawn from a commissioned research paper by Steven Starr, "Catastrophic Climatic Consequences of Nuclear Conflict", August 2009. (icnnd.org)
  • General: This Section drew on a paper prepared by Commissioner Alexei Arbatov, "Existing Nuclear-Armed States and Weapons", August 2009. (icnnd.org)
  • I continue to believe, even at this late date, that had France and Germany (and Russia too) been willing to support, and had the UN Security Council been willing to authorise, a strongly coercive containment regime for Iraq, the war would have been, first, unnecessary, and second, politically impossible for the American government to fight. (blogspot.com)
  • There are no simple answers to these questions, but the Commission believes it is time to re- examine prevailing ideas of how to preserve peace and ensure the security of people, and of how to develop more effective means of preserving peaceful relations among states. (gdrc.org)
  • These were known by "Mark" designators, like the Mark 4 which was a development of the Fat Man weapon. (findatwiki.com)
  • Sarkar also offers a third argument about the space programme, but, in my opinion, it is less central to the book. (lse.ac.uk)
  • Starting with Star Wars, then the ABM shield then drones, where the killing is done from the comfort and safety of a bunker thousands of miles away, and then space weapons and onward, the entire cowardly thinking is not in keeping with any known rules of war or conflict, but is completely removed from any humanly acceptable practice as it is akin to shooting puppies in a barrel. (jar2.com)
  • and in Bruce G. Blair, "The Logic of Accidental Nuclear War", Bulletin of Science Technology Society, Brookings Institution, 1996:16. (icnnd.org)
  • The HRW report says "The precise identification of the specific chemical agent used in the August 21 attack requires the collection of samples from weapon remnants, environmental samples, and physiological samples from those directly or indirectly exposed to the chemical agent. (un-truth.com)
  • In 1991, Poland announced that they would remove the nuclear capable delivery systems from their weapons inventory. (wikipedia.org)
  • This list includes weapons which were developed to the point of being assigned a model number (and in many cases, prototypes were test fired), but which were then canceled prior to introduction into military service. (findatwiki.com)