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Cytosine DeaminaseDNA-Cytosine Methylases5-MethylcytosineDeaminationCytarabineBase SequenceFlucytosineMolecular Sequence DataSulfitesDNA MethylationNucleoside DeaminasesBiological ProductsDNACytosine NucleotidesDNA (Cytosine-5-)-MethyltransferaseUracilGuanineCytidineAmino Acid SequenceEscherichia coliMethylationThymineAdenineMutationCpG IslandsKineticsCloning, MolecularSubstrate SpecificityProdrugsCytidine DeaminaseDairy ProductsUracil-DNA GlycosidaseNucleic Acid ConformationBase PairingPolymerase Chain ReactionDNA, BacterialBase CompositionOligodeoxyribonucleotidesPlasmidsNucleobase Transport ProteinsChromatography, High Pressure LiquidSequence Analysis, DNAConsumer Product SafetyTranscription, GeneticCell LineMolecular StructureNucleic Acid DenaturationGenes, BacterialGlycosylation End Products, AdvancedDNA PrimersEpigenesis, GeneticThymine DNA GlycosylaseNucleosidesRNA, MessengerDNA GlycosylasesBacterial ProteinsBinding SitesN-Glycosyl HydrolasesOligonucleotidesDNA, ViralModels, MolecularPromoter Regions, GeneticDeoxyribonuclease HpaIIProduct LabelingAzacitidineMeat ProductsDeoxyribonucleases, Type II Site-SpecificSequence Homology, Amino AcidCatalysisMutagenesisDeoxycytosine NucleotidesOxidation-ReductionDNA Restriction EnzymesStereoisomerismMagnetic Resonance SpectroscopyMolecular WeightDaunorubicinArabinofuranosylcytosine TriphosphateRestriction MappingMethyltransferasesTemperatureAntimetabolitesDNA RepairGenetic TherapyCytidine TriphosphateGenesHydrogen-Ion ConcentrationS-AdenosylmethioninePentoxylRecombinant ProteinsBase Pair MismatchSequence AlignmentCytidine MonophosphateDNA-Binding ProteinsSpectroscopy, Electron Energy-LossAntimetabolites, AntineoplasticHousehold ProductsCells, CulturedHydrolysisProtein Binding

ThymineGuanineUnmodified cytosines into uracilDeamination to uracilResiduesMethylation analysisMethylasesArabinosideUracil-N-glycosylaseMethyl groupPyrimidineGenomicOxidationNucleosideEnzymesOccurUnstableAnalogAssayOrganismPolymerase Chain ReGenomeAntibodyFruitsConversionReactionMethodsMonoclonalSpeciesCartVitaminsQualityUniqueEligibleSystemsSupportDocumentsExperimentalSize

Thymine5

• Methylation of guanine bases produces a change in the structure of DNA by forming a product that is complimentary to thymine rather than cytosine. (news-medical.net)
• DNA is made up of a unique combination of Adenine, Thymine, Guanine, and Cytosine which only combine in Adenine-Thymine and Guanine-Cytosine pairs. (sorceryscience.com)
• Escherichia coli AlkB and the homologous human proteins ABH2 and ABH3 (refs 5, 7) promiscuously repair DNA and RNA bases damaged by S(N)2 alkylation reagents, which attach hydrocarbons to endocyclic ring nitrogen atoms (N1 of adenine and guanine and N3 of thymine and cytosine). (rcsb.org)
• Adenine will only bond with Thymine, Cytosine with Guanine, etc. (mercinewyork.com)
• Three major pyrimidines in living systems are cytosine, thymine, and uracil. (chemicalland21.com)

Guanine4

• The protein methyl guanine methyl transferase (MGMT) can restore the original guanine by transferring the methylation product to its active site. (news-medical.net)
• This image shows guanine & cytosine paired, left & right respectively. (indigoinstruments.com)
• This product includes one Guanine and one Cytosine stud. (sorceryscience.com)
• After Alu I digestion, the DNA was transferred to a nylon membrane for polymorphic guanine cytosine-rich repetitive sequence (PGRS) Southern blotting. (cdc.gov)

Unmodified cytosines into uracil1

• The kit achieves high conversion efficiency of unmodified cytosines into uracil, ensuring accurate downstream methylation analysis. (zymoresearch.com)

Deamination to uracil1

• Both are cytosine-to-tymine transitions, which easily occur by spontaneous cytosine deamination to uracil. (cdc.gov)

Residues3

• Following bisulfite treatment of genomic DNA, nonmethylated cytosine residues are converted into uracil. (zymoresearch.com)
• DNA methylation occurs on cytosine residues, especially in CpG islands, which are GC-rich regions. (qiagen.com)
• Excises uracil residues from the DNA which can arise as a result of misincorporation of dump residues by DNA polymerase or due to deamination of cytosine. (lu.se)

Methylation analysis2

• Rawoof A, Chhapeka SS, Jaiswal V, Brahma V, Kumar N, Ramchiary N(2020) Single-base cytosine methylation analysis in fruits of three Capsicum species. (jnu.ac.in)
• In April 2019, New England Biolabs has released a new product called 'NEBNext Enzymatic Methyl-seq (EM-seqTM)' as a methylation analysis alternative to bisulfite sequencing. (medgadget.com)

Methylases1

• A specific inhibitor of DNA cytosine C 5 -methylases would be useful for studying genomic imprinting, X-chromosome inactivation, carcinogenesis, and regulation of tissue-specific gene expression, for these physiological phenomena appears to be regulated through DNA methylation in promoter sequences. (elsevierpure.com)

Arabinoside1

• We report that cytosine arabinoside (Ara-C), a cytosine analogue that at low doses causes phenotypical changes on human leukemia cells in vitro and in vivo, induces growth inhibition of oropharyngeal cancer KB and lung adenocarcinoma A549 cell lines. (cnr.it)

Uracil-N-glycosylase2

• This deamination process is normally counteracted by uracil-N-glycosylase, the product of the ung gene, and organisms defective in the removal of uracil from DNA have an increased spontaneous mutation rate and more G:C→A:T base-pair transitions ( 7 ). (cdc.gov)
• The EZ1&2 DNA FFPE protocol uses double lysis to recover DNA effectively, while the optional uracil-N-glycosylase (UNG) step removes deaminated cytosine artifacts to limit the risk of nucleotide read errors. (qiagen.com)

Methyl group2

• Moreover, the CpG site methylation is mediated by DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs), which catalyze the addition of a methyl group to cytosine ( 13 , 14 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
• DNA methylation is a heritable epigenetic marker that involves DNA methyltransferases covalently transferring a methyl group to the C-5 position of the cytosine ring of DNA (DNMTs). (medgadget.com)

Pyrimidine1

• [ 9 ] In the presence of oxygen, activated molecules form photoaddition products with DNA pyrimidine bases via DNA interstrand crosslinking at cytosine and thymidine with the furan ring of the psoralen and result in epidermal cell nucleic acid damage (type I reaction). (medscape.com)

Genomic1

• DNMT1 preserves the methyltransferase by binding to hemi-methylated CpG sites and methylates the cytosine on the newly synthesized strand after DNA replication, whereas DNMT3a/DNMT3b are required for the de novo genomic methylation of DNA ( 15 ). (spandidos-publications.com)

Oxidation2

• Cytosine glycols are intermediate unstable products of cytosine oxidation. (wikipedia.org)
• 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5-hmC) is a newly discovered epigenetic modification that is presumably generated by oxidation of 5-mC by the TET family of cytosine oxygenases. (neb.com)

Nucleoside1

• The lifetime of cytosine glycols are enhanced in double-stranded DNA compared to the free nucleoside. (wikipedia.org)

Enzymes1

• Suicide genes code for enzymes, such as cytosine deaminase (CD), that convert non-toxic compounds (prodrugs) into toxic products. (invivogen.com)

Occur1

• Cytosine methylation may also occur in non-CpG content, as described for embryonic stem cells. (qiagen.com)

Unstable1

• AlkB hydroxylates an alkylated nucleotide base to produce an unstable product that releases an aldehyde to regenerate the unmodified base. (rcsb.org)

Analog1

• CD converts cytosine and its analog, 5-fluorocytosine (5-FC), to uracil and 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) respectively. (invivogen.com)

Assay2

• This paper reports a novel convenient in vitro assay method for screening DNA cytosine C 5 -methylase inhibitor. (elsevierpure.com)
• TNJ Chemical produces super quality Cytosine CAS 71-30-7- 99%MIN assay, GMP SGS certification, USP BP EP FCC standard, Competitive price, online purchase support. (tnjchem.com)

Organism1

• Indeed, M. tuberculosis is a G+C rich organism, therefore, it is naturally at high risk for cytosine deamination. (cdc.gov)

Polymerase Chain Re1

• We followed the manufacturer's recommendations for hybridizing polymerase chain reaction (PCR) products, as described by Groenen and colleagues ( 8 ). (cdc.gov)

Genome1

• In humans, cytosines are primarily methylated in any context of the genome. (medgadget.com)

Antibody1

• By carefully tailoring these strategies to each antibody product, we guarantee that CST antibodies will work as expected, to help you achieve results you can trust. (cellsignal.com)

Fruits1

• It is induced by exposure to certain light-sensitizing plant products (usually sap and fruits), most often furocoumarins, followed by exposure to long-wave ultraviolet light (UV-A 320-380 nm). (medscape.com)

Conversion2

• A coupled heat denaturation/conversion reaction step streamlines the conversion of non-methylated cytosines into uracil. (zymoresearch.com)
• The EZ-96 DNA Methylation-Gold Kit allows high-throughput (96-well spin-plate) conversion of unmethylated cytosines into uracil in less than 3 hours. (zymoresearch.com)

Reaction1

• Following the fate of these probe molecules using UHPLC-MS/MS provided quantitative data about the formed reaction products. (uni-muenchen.de)

Methods1

• Methods: % 5-methylcytosine (5-mC) and % 5-hydroxymethyl-cytosine (5-hmC) levels were measured by capture and detection antibodies followed by colorimetric quantification. (cdc.gov)

Monoclonal1

• Traditional polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies are the product of normal B cell development and genetic recombination. (cellsignal.com)

Species1

• Note: Mouseover a species abbreviation on the product page to display the fullname. (novusbio.com)

Cart2

• the 2 deoxyribose or ribose phosphates are not included but can be added to the shopping cart from the Related Products section below. (indigoinstruments.com)
• For each Related Product, enter the quantity you would like to order and click the Add to Cart button beside the item. (indigoinstruments.com)

Vitamins1

• tell your doctor and pharmacist what other prescription and nonprescription medications, vitamins, nutritional supplements, and herbal products you are taking or plan to take. (medlineplus.gov)

Quality1

• Guaranteed product quality, expert customer support. (abcam.com)

Unique1

• Here we have determined crystal structures of substrate and product complexes of E. coli AlkB at resolutions from 1.8 to 2.3 A. Whereas the Fe-2-oxoglutarate dioxygenase core matches that in other superfamily members, a unique subdomain holds a methylated trinucleotide substrate into the active site through contacts to the polynucleotide backbone. (rcsb.org)

Eligible1

• Get FREE SHIPPING on your entire order when you add an eligible sample prep product. (zymoresearch.com)

Systems1

• This product is produced by and ships from R&D Systems, Inc., a Bio-Techne brand. (novusbio.com)

Support1

• Customer support for NIST Standard Reference Data products. (nist.gov)

Documents1

• Documents related to the products that you have purchased in the past have been gathered in the Document Library for your convenience. (sigmaaldrich.com)

Experimental1

• A convenient tool to build experimental workflows and find products to match your needs. (qiagen.com)

Size1

• When the products of these four reactions are resolved by size, by electrophoresis on a polyacrylamide gel, the DNA sequence can be read from the pattern of radioactive bands. (genome.gov)