This immune response is dominated by antibodies that target a common family of proteins called hemagglutinins (HA). (asm.org)
The surface of flu viruses is studded with proteins called hemagglutinins, which are the part of the virus that binds to cells in a person's respiratory tract, initiating infection. (foxnews.com)
Antibodies4
That analysis showed that the vaccine had induced the production of NA antibodies for influenza type B particles. (asm.org)
The marrow continued to produce these NA antibodies with anti-viral activity, suggesting that a vaccine strategy based on NA responses could be long-lasting. (asm.org)
Treatment of virus-exposed leukocyte cultures with anti-neuraminidase antibodies but not with anti-hemagglutinin antibodies, reduced lymphocyte production of active caspase-3 and induction of apoptosis. (houstonmethodist.org)
Despite these potentially not being the right antibodies to fight off infection (because the virus has mutated), this drowns out the production of antibodies needed to target the stalk region. (healthmedicinet.com)
Infection6
Because of the important role of NS1 during viral infection, many attempts have been made to develop antiviral therapeutics targeting NS1. (datexis.com)
It has been previously demonstrated that the use of replication-defective viruses, such as lentiviral vectors pseudotyped with influenza A hemagglutinins in microneutralization assays (pMN) is a safe and sensitive alternative to study antibody responses elicited by natural influenza infection or vaccination. (ox.ac.uk)
His work covers various topics, including B cell responses to viral infection and vaccination, human primary immunodeficiency, and biology of lymphocyte development and function and to elucidate etiology of immunological disorders. (stanford.edu)
We discuss the different vectored vaccines that have been or are currently in clinical trials, with a forward-looking focus on immunogens that may be protective against seasonal and pandemic influenza infection, in the context of viral-vectored vaccines. (mdpi.com)
Following intranasal infection of the mink, all three H10N4 isolates, i.e. mink/84, mallard/85 and fowl/85, showed similar clinical symptoms, causing respiratory disease, interstitial pneumonia and specific antibody production. (biomedcentral.com)
Chicken/49 did not cause clinical disease or contact infection, but induced antibody production and mild lung lesions [ 8 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Replication3
To evade host's innate immune response, influenza has evolved a few strategies for viral replication. (datexis.com)
We also found that viral replication was suppressed in the presence of aptamers, which suggests that the selected RNA aptamers can be developed as a useful therapeutic agent in future. (datexis.com)
In eukaryotes, subsequent activation and viral replication is thought to be caused by extracellular stimulation of cellular transcription factors. (lookformedical.com)
Influenza9
Thus far, influenza is classified on the subtypes of 18 hemagglutinins and 11 neuraminidases (Tong et al. (datexis.com)
Influenza NS1 is known to be one of the most important proteins to counteract the antiviral IFN production of the host. (datexis.com)
Development of Lentiviral Vectors Pseudotyped With Influenza B Hemagglutinins: Application in Vaccine Immunogenicity, mAb Potency, and Sero-Surveillance Studies. (ox.ac.uk)
To activate influenza B hemagglutinin, we have explored the use of proteases in increasing PV titers via their co-transfection during pseudotype virus production. (ox.ac.uk)
Oseltamivir is an inhibitor of neuraminidase, which is a glycoprotein on the surface of the influenza virus that destroys the infected cell's receptor for viral hemagglutinin. (medscape.com)
The gold standard for diagnosing influenza A and B is a viral culture of nasopharyngeal samples or throat samples. (medscape.com)
Traditionally, the vaccine was trivalent (ie, designed to provide protection against three viral subtypes, generally an A-H1, an A-H3, and a B). The first quadrivalent vaccines, which provide coverage against an additional influenza B subtype, were approved in 2012 and were made available for the 2013-2014 flu season. (medscape.com)
Unfortunately, influenza vaccine composition needs to be updated annually due to antigenic shift and drift in the viral immunogen hemagglutinin (HA). (mdpi.com)
Having previously identified oral efficacy of the nucleoside analog 4'-Fluorouridine (4'-FlU, EIDD-2749) against SARS-CoV-2 and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), we explored activity of the compound against seasonal and highly pathogenic influenza (HPAI) viruses in cell culture, human airway epithelium (HAE) models, and/or two animal models, ferrets and mice, that assess IAV transmission and lethal viral pneumonia, respectively. (bvsalud.org)
Vaccination1
There are a number of alternate vaccination strategies in current development which may circumvent the need for annual re-vaccination, including new platform technologies such as viral-vectored vaccines. (mdpi.com)
By inhibiting viral neuraminidase, release of viruses from infected cells and viral spread are decreased. (medscape.com)
The K163 residue lies in a part of a conserved surface that is common to the hemagglutinins of the 1977 and 2009 H1N1 viruses. (ox.ac.uk)
Antigenic1
Here, we characterized variations in the major viral antigenic sites among contemporary RSV sequences when compared with RSVPreF3 and showed that, in older adults, RSVPreF3-AS01 broadly boosts neutralization responses against currently dominant and antigenically distant RSV strains. (bvsalud.org)
Neuraminidase1
Variations in induction of apoptosis correlated with production and expression of viral neuraminidase by infected leukocytes. (houstonmethodist.org)
In 1906, Paschen created a staining method for viral particles and demonstrated the elementary bodies (Paschen bodies) in smallpox lesion smears. (microbiologynote.com)
Whether and how exposure to diesel exhaust particles (DEP) affects NK cell function in the context of viral infections has not been investigated. (biomedcentral.com)
Strains1
One of the reasons for flu vaccines' relative ineffectiveness last season was that most were prepared from fertilized chicken eggs, a method of production known to reduce the effectiveness against certain flu strains, particularly H3N2. (foxnews.com)
Infections4
Sixteen hemagglutinins (H1-H16) and have rarely been involved in HPAI virus infections. (cdc.gov)
They are important during viral infections and cancer. (biomedcentral.com)
This reduction in the potential ability of NK cells to kill virus-infected host cells may increase the susceptibility to viral infections after DEP exposure. (biomedcentral.com)
Immune responsiveness declines in the elderly as a consequence of alterations in the distribution and function of immune cells with age and changes induced by chronic viral infections (such as cytomegalovirus) and inflammatory diseases ( 1 , 2 ). (frontiersin.org)
Genes1
We describe the first report of RNA sequencing of 5' capped (Pol II) RNAs isolated from acutely hepatitis C virus (HCV) infected Huh 7.5 cells that provides a general approach to identifying differentially expressed annotated and unannotated genes that participate in viral-host interactions. (mdpi.com)
Lethal1
Hand, it is easily the solubility of calcium and magnesium, by cross-linking hemagglutinins, which prevents the lethal formula: Target systolic blood pressure monitoring, regarding the effectiveness of conventional synthetic dmards hydroxychloroquine pmh: G7pd deficiency (contraindicated) allergies: Sulfonamide allergy (salicylate allergy can be found cialis what is soft in recent years to 1 billion adults or (e.G., oral vs. A general grounding in drug metabolism.2 mechanistically. (themauimiracle.org)
Specificity1
As such, there is a need to develop innovative methods that can improve on these traditional assays and provide advantages such as ease of production and access, safety, reproducibility, and specificity. (ox.ac.uk)
Membrane1
These proteins have been implicated in control of viral transcription and may possibly serve as the "glue" that binds the nucleocapsid to the appropriate membrane site during viral budding from the host cell. (lookformedical.com)
Vaccine2
To enable global accessibility, we generated a cell line that can enable production of thousands of vaccine doses per liter of cell culture and show that DCFHP-alum maintains potency for at least 14 days at temperatures exceeding standard room temperature. (stanford.edu)
We contrast that suggestion with the possibility that laboratory errors involving the sharing of virus isolates and cultured cells, or perhaps vaccine production, may have been involved. (biomedcentral.com)
Antibody production1
A more practical and cost-effective strategy would be to use antibody gene therapy which would provide long term sustainable protection through antibody production within the patient. (frontiersin.org)
Immune1
They replaced the head of the protein with new genetic viral material that the immune system would be less likely to recognise and attack. (healthmedicinet.com)
Cytokine1
This innate immunity is accomplished by pattern-recognition receptors such as the toll-like receptors (TLRs) (Kaisho and Akira, 2006) or retinoic acid inducible gene I (RIG-I)-like receptors (RLRs) of the host cells (Yoneyama and Fujita, 2004), followed by production of antiviral cytokine interferons (IFNs). (datexis.com)
Lesions1
In mink infected with chicken/49 no signs of disease were observed, while the mink infected with mink/84 showed severe signs of respiratory disease, with inflammatory lesions spreading throughout the lung and viral antigen present in substantial numbers of cells in the lung, nasal mucosa, and trachea. (biomedcentral.com)
Cells3
NK cells were isolated from peripheral blood obtained from normal healthy volunteers and subsequently stimulated with the viral mimetic polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid (pI:C), DEP, or pI:C+DEP for 18 hours. (biomedcentral.com)
They are short-lived cells resembling bursa-derived lymphocytes of birds in their production of immunoglobulin upon appropriate stimulation. (lookformedical.com)
The chicken/49 and mink/84 virus have also been shown to differ in their ability to induce interferon (IFN) production in mink lung cells [ 8 - 10 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Duck5
Lake Quinghai, Peo- (especially when intensive), free-grazing duck production, ple's Republic of China, in May-June 2005). (cdc.gov)
Duck viral hepatitis is an acute infectious disease affecting young ducklings. (msdvetmanual.com)
Duck viral hepatitis (DVH) is an acute, highly contagious, viral disease typically affecting ducklings less than six weeks of age. (msdvetmanual.com)
The originally described, most widespread, and most virulent subtype of duck viral hepatitis, traditionally referred to as DVH Type I, has been renamed duck hepatitis A virus type 1 (DHAV-1) and is now classified in the genus Avihepatovirus in the Picornaviridae family. (msdvetmanual.com)
Proteins associated with the inner surface of the lipid bilayer of the viral envelope. (lookformedical.com)
Fusion1
To evaluate the potential of R1a-B6 for immunoprophylaxis, we have reformatted it as an Fc fusion for adeno-associated viral (AAV) vector delivery. (frontiersin.org)
Host cell1
One explanation of the NS1 function is sequestration of viral RNA, which leads to inhibition of main viral RNA sensor RIG-I in the host cell (Chien et al. (datexis.com)
Highly1
Because viral fi tness is highly dependent on host rus. (cdc.gov)
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Fu-Zheng-Xuan-Fei formula (FF) is a prescription that has been clinically used through the basic theory of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) for treating viral pneumonia. (bvsalud.org)