• Catabolite repression, and the presence of β-glucan-hydrolyzing enzymes that attack botryosphaeran during the fermentation process are critical and limit the production of botryosphaeran. (wikipedia.org)
  • Our 13 C-fingerprinting approach resulted in several findings: 1) PD630 strongly prefers to utilize the Entner-Doudoroff (ED) pathway over Emden-Meyerhof (EMP) and the pentose phosphate pathway, 2) highly active malic enzyme and anaplerotic pathways, 3) uptake & utilization of exogenous amino acids, and 4) no carbon catabolite repression detected on growth with glucose and phenol. (confex.com)
  • Transcriptomic and genomic analyses of 'mutualistic' E. coli lines revealed independent mutations that disrupted the carbon catabolite repression global transcriptional regulator system. (nature.com)
  • Each mutation reproduced the mutualistic phenotypes when introduced into wild-type E. coli , confirming that single carbon catabolite repression mutations can make E. coli an insect mutualist. (nature.com)
  • Specifically, because the chitin degradation product represents a carbon and a nitrogen source for fungi, complex regulatory mechanisms involving both nitrogen metabolism repression (NMR) and carbon catabolite repression (CCR) might be engaged. (lu.se)
  • For example, in an environment rich in amino acids, cells do not expend energy for making amino acid biosynthetic enzymes. (go.jp)
  • However, if the environment becomes depleted of amino acids (nutritional downshift), cells will be exposed to a lack of both the amino acid biosynthetic enzymes and the amino acids required to make these enzymes. (go.jp)
  • Once amino acid biosynthetic enzymes start to accumulate, the cell is able to produce its own amino acids, and a new growth phase begins. (go.jp)
  • This fungal isolate produces a constitutive laccase that could be induced to higher enzyme titers by various lignin-like aromatic compounds, and especially veratryl alcohol. (wikipedia.org)
  • Furthermore, SSF is particularly suitable for fungal enzyme production [ 23 ]. (springeropen.com)
  • The student will learn fungal microbiology, extracellular enzyme activity quantification, and comparative genomics, which are valuable skills for a potential career in biotechnology or academic research. (lu.se)
  • To enhance this carbon source utilization and increase the rate of alcohol production, simultaneous saccharification and fermentation were conducted using Bacillus licheniformis and yeasts. (scialert.net)
  • The aim of this study was to improve the bioethanol production by silmultaneous fermentation of yeasts using amylasic properties from Bacillus licheniformis in the way to valorize mango biomass. (scialert.net)
  • Media and cultivation conditions were investigated to optimize alkaline protease production by alkaliphilic Bacillus halodurans . (scialert.net)
  • This study indicated the significance of nutrient source and cultivation conditions on the alkaline enzyme production by Bacillus halodurans . (scialert.net)
  • The goal of the present study was to optimise the medium and cultivation conditions for alkaline protease production by alkaliphilic Bacillus halodurans previously isolated from an Egyptian soda lake (Ibrahim and El-diwany, 2007). (scialert.net)
  • The influence of the composition of the nutrient medium, including nitrogen, phosphate, minerals, supplements (soybean oil, Tween 80), and the carbon source (carbohydrates), is important in enhancing the production of botryosphaeran and biomass during fermentation by Botryosphaeria rhodina MAMB-05. (wikipedia.org)
  • The maximum specific enzyme activity was obtained in a medium containing 15 g L -1 lactose as the carbon source, 6 g L -1 soybean as the nitrogen source and a 5 mM mixture of Mg, Mn and Ca as trace elements, fermentation for 48 h at 37°C and agitation at 200 rpm. (scialert.net)
  • The genome-based cg3035 modulated strain was further engineered by attenuating the expression of pta and cat , inserting a strong P eftu promoter in the upstream region of glycolytic enzymes such as pfkA , gap , and pyk , and redirecting carbon flux to the pentose phosphate pathway. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Die Expression der Gene, die diese Enzyme kodieren, wurde bisher hauptsächlich auf Ebene der Transkriptionsregulation durch regulierende Proteine erforscht, insbesondere die Transaktivatoren Xyrl (Xylanase Regulator 1) und der Repressor Cre1(Carbon Katabolit Repressor 1), deren Zusammenspiel hauptsächlich die Expression dieser Enzyme reguliert. (tuwien.at)
  • While the characterization of the chitinases has deserved much attention, how fungi regulate the secretion of these enzymes remains poorly explored, although they might have significant consequences for forest carbon storage and primary productivity. (lu.se)
  • Studies on the alpha-amylase production were carried out with a bacterial strain isolated from a soil sample. (scielo.br)
  • Here we show that phytochrome-interacting factor 1 (PIF1) and other transcription factors of the phytochrome-interacting factor (PIF) family down-regulate the accumulation of carotenoids by specifically repressing the gene encoding phytoene synthase (PSY), the main rate-determining enzyme of the pathway. (lancs.ac.uk)
  • The AAAP is responsible for the production of aromatic amino acids and aromatic vitamins. (biomedcentral.com)
  • C. glutamicum is a favored industrial microorganism with promising applications in the industrial production of amino acids such as ʟ-glutamate and ʟ-lysine at a million-ton scale in the past decades [ 2 , 3 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • However, despite the identification and characterization of numerous genes, which affect antibiotic production and resistance, our understanding of the regulatory networks that govern these processes is far from complete. (springeropen.com)
  • Ionic liquid pretreatment of straw led to a dynamic induction and repression of genes, which was correlated with the higher levels of pentose sugars saccharified from the ionic liquid-pretreated straw. (nottingham.ac.uk)
  • Hydrothermal pretreatment of straw led to reduced levels of transcripts of genes encoding carbohydrate-active enzymes as well as the derived proteins and enzyme activities. (nottingham.ac.uk)
  • Both pretreatments abolished the expression of a large set of genes encoding pectinolytic enzymes. (nottingham.ac.uk)
  • A very natural place to study gene detecting and metabolizing lactose, it is known that the overall regulation is in the metabolism of the cell, and then specifically in effect of expressing the lac genes in vain is a drop in the growth rate the regulation of genes that code for enzymes and transporter of as much as 5% [1,6]. (lu.se)
  • Saccharomyces strains were used widely and traditionally for industrial ethanol production because of its ability to produce high concentrations of ethanol from hexoses and its high tolerance to ethanol and other inhibitory compounds. (scialert.net)
  • Several mathematical frameworks have been developed to understand the physiological and metabolic state of production strains and to identify genetic modification targets for improved bioproduct formation. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Despite lagging ʟ-ornithine productivity and cost reduction, microbial fermentation is a promising route for sustainable ʟ-ornithine production and thus development of robust microbial strains with high stability and productivity is essential. (biomedcentral.com)
  • These results clearly demonstrated that enhancing the expression of NAGS promoted ʟ-ornithine production and provide a promising alternative systematic blueprint for developing ʟ-ornithine-producing C. glutamicum strains. (biomedcentral.com)
  • One of the most important T. reesei strains, RUT-C30, is a hypercellulolytic mutant that became the ancestor of most industry strains used in the production of enzymes, in particular cellulases. (tuwien.at)
  • Alvarez-Vazquez F., Gonzalez-Alcón C., Torres N.V.: Metabolism of Citric Acid Production by Aspergillus niger: Model Definition, Steady State Analysis and Constrained Optimization of the Citric Acid Production Rate. (edu.pl)
  • The obtained flux distributions indicate the presence of high fluxes through the pentose phosphate and Entner-Doudoroff pathways, which could limit the availability of erythrose-4-phosphate for shikimic acid production even with high flux redirection through the pentose phosphate pathway. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The β-glucan, botryosphaeran, was discovered accidentally in 1994 while cultivating Botryosphaeria rhodina MAMB-05 on nutrient media containing glucose to produce the enzyme, laccase. (wikipedia.org)
  • Botryosphaeran production can be enhanced when Botryosphaeria rhodina MAMB-05 is cultivated on glucose media containing soybean oil and the surfactant, Tween 80. (wikipedia.org)
  • Extracellular protease production in microorganisms is highly influenced by media Variation in components such as C/N ratio, the presence of easily metabolisable sugars like glucose (Gupta et al . (scialert.net)
  • Mathematical expressions were developed to describe hydrogen production by C. saccharolyticus consuming glucose, xylose, and arabinose. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The observation could be described with a modified diauxic model including a second enzyme system with a higher affinity for glucose being expressed when pentose saccharides are consumed. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In various plant pathogenic fungi, production of these enzymes is under catabolic repression and positively regulated by the snf1 (sucrose non-fermenting 1) gene which is expressed when glucose is depleted. (unipd.it)
  • Using a recombinant endonuclease-deficient Cas9-based gene promoter pulldown approach coupled with mass spectrometry, we found that MCUb is upregulated in the T2D heart due to loss of glucose homeostasis regulator nuclear receptor corepressor 2 repression, and chromatin immunoprecipitation assays identified peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α as a mediator of MCUb gene expression in T2D cardiomyocytes. (diabetesjournals.org)
  • Upregulation of MCUb limits mitochondrial matrix Ca 2+ uptake and impairs mitochondrial energy production via glucose oxidation by depressing pyruvate dehydrogenase complex activity. (diabetesjournals.org)
  • Specifically, the Brazilian Pepper represses the gene that transfers antibiotic resistance, and the one that controls the production of bacterial toxins, thus lessening the virulence of the germ. (allergy-associates.com)
  • This backs up the theory that when the β-lactam antibiotic causes repression of Agr, it leaves the bacteria open to our own defence mechanisms, allowing our immune cells to kill them. (scienceblog.com)
  • Because most antibiotics are potentially lethal to the producing organism, the onset of antibiotic production should be under tight control and mechanisms of self-resistance of producing bacteria must exist. (springeropen.com)
  • As our understanding of secondary metabolism advances, it is becoming clear that the relationship between antibiotic production and resistance is more complicated than expected. (springeropen.com)
  • Statistical factorial design methods, such as the response surface methodology (RSM), are effective in investigating complex fermentation parameters and their interactions to optimize metabolite production by microorganisms. (wikipedia.org)
  • The validation of the fermentation parameters by statistical factorial design improved botryosphaeran production by Botryosphaeria rhodina MAMB-05 over unoptimized conditions. (wikipedia.org)
  • Considering that the main potential feedstock (biomass) for producing bioethanol is composed of carbohydrates, which include starch, cellulose and hemicelluloses, among others, the use of enzymes to break down these oligosaccharides into easily fermentable sugars is a requirement, previous to conducting the fermentation ( Kim and Dale, 2004 ). (scialert.net)
  • Ces dernières années, les méthodes biologiques, telles que la fermentation à l'état solide, ont acquis une grande importance pour la biorestauration de molécules complexes en raison de leur efficacité et de leur faible impact environnemental. (ac.be)
  • Attempts of production efficiency improvement should, therefore, concern working out a method of fermentation in which citric acid would be synthesized for a long time with a maximum accumulation rate. (edu.pl)
  • Aravantinos-Zafiris G., Tzia C., Oreopoulou V., Thomopoulos C.D.: Fermentation of Orange Processing Wastes for Citric Acid Production. (edu.pl)
  • Solid-state fermentation (SSF) shows promising results in enzyme production. (springeropen.com)
  • When MRSA expresses the PBP2a protein, it also represses the expression of the Accessory gene regulator (Agr) operon, which is involved in the production of several damaging toxins and enzymes used during MRSA's infectious life cycle. (scienceblog.com)
  • This repression means that these toxins and enzymes aren't produced, protecting us against their harmful effects. (scienceblog.com)
  • Alkaline proteases are referred to as proteolytic enzymes that work optimally in alkaline pH ranges (1, 12). (scialert.net)
  • The high milk clotting activity and the relatively low proteolytic activity signify higher specificity of the produced enzyme, which is favorable in cheese making. (springeropen.com)
  • Knowledge on regulatory networks associated with cellulase biosynthesis is prerequisite for exploitation of such regulatory systems in ehancing cellulase production with low cost. (researchsquare.com)
  • Therefore, there is an increasing interest into a more global and detailed understanding of the metabolic and regulatory network changes imposed by different genetic modifications or process conditions in various production systems. (biomedcentral.com)
  • 3) the presence of autoimmune antibodies to the fetal brain in the mothers of autistic children: vitamin D regulates the production of regulatory T-cells via repression of TPH1. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • Finally, our study showed that Rasd1 missense mutations not only attenuate their physical interaction with Ear2 but also abolish their ability to counteract repression of renin transcription mediated by Ear2. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Variegate porphyria (VP) is an inherited disorder of porphyrin-heme metabolism arising from mutations of the gene encoding the enzyme protoporphyrinogen oxidase. (medscape.com)
  • Both model sets provided information that could be applied to enhance shikimic acid production on an engineered shikimic acid overproducing Escherichia coli strain. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The lac operon of E. coli is but one example of how enzyme and transporter production can be made conditional on the presence of a nutrient to catabolize. (lu.se)
  • The bacteria signal to yeast that the operon has been de-repressed using bioluminescence from the luciferase enzyme. (igem.org)
  • In these experiments, we have designed a system where bacteria signal to yeast that the operon has been de-repressed using bioluminescence from the luciferase enzyme. (igem.org)
  • Two others work through gene repression in the bacteria. (allergy-associates.com)
  • Various assays now characterize one of these enzymes as a thioesterase producing long-chain (mainly C16) 3-ketoacids, and another one as a polyketide synthase (PKS) condensing the 3-ketoacids with long-chain (mainly C16) acyl-CoAs into ß-diketones. (bvsalud.org)
  • Proteases, also known as peptidyl-peptide hydrolases (EC 3.4.21-24 and 99), are degradative enzymes that catalyse the cleavage of peptide bonds in other proteins. (scialert.net)
  • Despite this, induction of proteins involved in oxidative stress resistance and energy production shows that the leaf capacity to capture and use photosynthetic active radiations for ATP production remains efficient for as long as possible. (biomedcentral.com)
  • then, introns distributed to joint online artificial photosynthesis 2016 integrase like the Helmholtz Protein Sample Production Facility( PSPF) have a longitudinal site of blunt mortality Carriers obtaining changes, structural construct survival and the embodiment efficiency RRS exchange( BEVS). (scoutconnection.com)
  • These results demonstrate a novel means of modifying Rubisco content and photosynthesis, and the complexities of regulation of photosynthesis at the whole plant level, with potential benefits to biomass production through improved leaf area. (rothamsted.ac.uk)
  • Meanwhile, p50/RelA promotes the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and the production of nitric oxide, which inhibits adrenergically induced melatonin production. (frontiersin.org)
  • In this work, overexpression of cg3035 encoding N -acetylglutamate synthase (NAGS) using a plasmid or by inserting a strong P tac promoter into the chromosome was found to increase ʟ-ornithine production in the engineered C. glutamicum SO1. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The accumulation of the catalytic α-subunit of chloroplastic ATP synthase suggests that energy production is maintained. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Depending on the polyketide synthase activity, chalcone synthase (CHS, EC 2.3.1.74) or stilbene synthase (STS, EC 2.3.1.95), subsequent folding and cyclization of the generated tetraketide intermediate results either in the production of a chalcone or stilbene ring structure. (biomedcentral.com)
  • CerS enzymes have different affinities for acyl-CoA substrates, resulting in the generation of dihydroceramides with differing chain lengths (C14-C26). (frontiersin.org)
  • Most feedstocks are currently pretreated to increase enzymatic digestibility: improving our understanding of the transcriptomic responses of fungi to pretreated lignocellulosic substrates could help to improve the mix of activities and reduce the production costs of commercial lignocellulose saccharifying cocktails. (nottingham.ac.uk)
  • Alkaline broth was used as the basal medium for preliminary studies of bacterial growth and protease production. (scialert.net)
  • A loop of culture from an agar plate was inoculated into a 50 mL glass tube containing 5 mL of alkaline protease production medium and incubated overnight at 180 rpm and 50°C. This culture was then inoculated into a 500 mL capacity Erlenmeyer flask containing 95 mL of the same medium and incubated at 50°C for 48 h. (scialert.net)
  • Light-triggered degradation of PIFs after interaction with photoactivated phytochromes during deetiolation results in a rapid derepression of PSY gene expression and a burst in the production of carotenoids in coordination with chlorophyll biosynthesis and chloroplast development for an optimal transition to photosynthetic metabolism. (lancs.ac.uk)
  • A ngn1 transgene faithfully responds to Her5 and deletion analysis of the transgene identifies an E-box in a ngn1 upstream enhancer to be required for repression by Her5. (silverchair.com)
  • and, with lipopolysaccharide, induction of NO production. (eaglebio.com)
  • In addition, we demonstrated that shRNA-mediated knockdown of Rasd1 results in further repression of Ear2-mediated renin transcription, whereas induction of Rasd1 by dexamethasone counteracts the effects of shRNA-mediated Rasd1 knockdown. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Gene replacement of simReg1 from the S. antibioticus chromosome completely abolishes simocyclinone production indicating that SimReg1 is a key regulator of simocyclinone biosynthesis. (springeropen.com)
  • In other words, we have been able to separate the de-repression and gene expression into two separate cells, bridging this physical separation with light based signals between the cells. (igem.org)
  • However, with the techniques of synthetic biology we can do something very interesting with the operon: we can separate the de-repression and gene expression into two separate cells, bridging this physical separation with light based signals between the cells. (igem.org)
  • The lack of a transactivating domain in the p50/p50 dimer suggests that this dimer is responsible for the repression of Aanat transcription. (frontiersin.org)
  • The absence of gene trfkbp12 made the cellulase production in T . reesei more sensitive to the NMD pathway inhibitor. (researchsquare.com)
  • Our results provide better understanding on intron retention, the NMD pathway, and cellulase production mechanism in filamentous fungi. (researchsquare.com)
  • The plant enzymes work by several mechanisms, one of which is to destabilize the germ's plasma membrane, causing it to rupture. (allergy-associates.com)
  • Gene therapy displacement of endogenous MCUb with a dominant-negative MCUb transgene (MCUb W246R/V251E ) in vivo rescued T2D cardiomyocytes from metabolic inflexibility and stimulated cardiac contractile function and adrenergic responsiveness by enhancing phospholamban phosphorylation via protein kinase A. We conclude that MCUb represents one newly discovered molecular effector at the interface of metabolism and cardiac function, and its repression improves the outcome of the chronically stressed diabetic heart. (diabetesjournals.org)
  • The enzyme extract retained 100% activity when incubated for one hour at 90°C and 40% at 60°C for 24 h. (scielo.br)
  • The Interferon Gamma ELISA Assay (enzyme-linked immunoassay kit) is intended for the quantitative determination of human Interferon Gamma (IFN-γ) concentrations in cell culture supernates, serum, and plasma. (eaglebio.com)
  • The aim of the present work is to increase efficiency of citric acid production from sucrose by using submerged fed batch cultures and continuous cultures of Aspergillus niger. (edu.pl)
  • An optimization strategy was applied to optimize the production of Rhizomucor miehei protease in a solid medium. (springeropen.com)
  • Rhodococcus opacus PD630 is a promising microbial host for lignocellulosic biofuel production, due to its high tolerance to aromatic compounds and accumulation of triacylglycerol, a biodiesel precursor. (confex.com)
  • multivariate characteristics of the non-linear nice online that means of one joint and one mortality shrinkage are considered conducted inheriting the scan of sweet Enzyme parameters between the regular and the vitro components. (scoutconnection.com)
  • Both in vitro and in vivo evidence demonstrate that PIF1 directly binds to the promoter of the PSY gene, and that this binding results in repression of PSY expression. (lancs.ac.uk)
  • RSM assists in defining the effects and interactions of the physiological factors playing a role in biotechnological processes in the production of microbial metabolites including exopolysaccharides such as β-glucans. (wikipedia.org)
  • Recent discoveries of starch degrading enzymes have led to increased application of amylases in various industrial processes (1). (scielo.br)
  • Thermostability is a feature of most of the enzymes sold for bulk industrial usage and thermophilic organisms are therefore of special interest as a source of novel thermostable enzymes. (scielo.br)
  • Alkaline proteases are the main enzymes among known proteases and constitute 60-65% of the global industrial enzyme market (Amoozegara et al . (scialert.net)
  • Protease is one of the most important industrial enzymes. (springeropen.com)
  • Proteases are considered as one of the most important groups of industrial enzymes, representing about 60% of the global market share [ 43 ]. (springeropen.com)
  • The ascomycete Trichoderma reesei is used for the production of plant cell wall-degrading enzymes (PCWDEs) in industrial scale. (tuwien.at)
  • The specific enzyme activity was increased by about 48.8 fold by optimizing different nutrient sources and cultivation conditions. (scialert.net)
  • Changes in CO2 assimilation per unit leaf area were closely related to the amount and activity of Rubisco, but not to the maximum activities of other Calvin cycle enzymes. (rothamsted.ac.uk)
  • The results of the present study revealed that ketamine treatment induced NF‑κB p65 translocation to nuclei and activated COX‑2 expression and prostaglandin (PGE)2 production in bladder tissue, whereas COX‑2 inhibitor suppressed the inflammatory effect. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • The alteration may inactivate the compound or it may result in the production of an active metabolite of an inactive parent compound. (bvsalud.org)
  • Our best performing codon variants exhibited a minimum 50-fold increase in PKS protein levels, which also enabled the production of an unnatural polyketide in each of these hosts. (bvsalud.org)
  • Low density lipoprotein (LDL) is normally bound at the cell membrane and taken into the cell ending up in lysosomes where the protein is degraded and the cholesterol is made available for repression of microsomal enzyme 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG CoA) reductase, the rate-limiting step in cholesterol synthesis. (thermofisher.com)
  • Crop plants take up sulphur (S) mainly in the form of sulphate and assimilate it into many compounds such as cysteine, methionine, glutathione (GSH), co-enzymes and vitamins. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Renin, an aspartyl protease, is the rate-limiting enzyme in the renin-angiotensin enzymatic cascade which leads to the production of angiotensin II (Ang II), a vasoactive peptide and major effector molecule in the renin-angiotensin system [ 2 , 3 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In the present study, the utilization of some agricultural residues (like mango residues) containing carbohydrates for the production of bioethanol was evaluated. (scialert.net)
  • Saccharomyces is a potentially useful organism for the commercial production of ethanol as it is not capable of fermenting starch containing in the mango peel. (scialert.net)
  • Type I polyketide synthases (T1PKSs) hold enormous potential as a rational production platform for the biosynthesis of specialty chemicals. (bvsalud.org)
  • The pathology process of C. difficile is divided in three main steps as follows: spore germination, host colonization and toxin production. (studyres.com)
  • At early stages of infection, Botrytis cinerea secretes a wide spectrum of plant cell wall degrading enzymes (CWDEs) to facilitate penetration into host. (unipd.it)
  • Previous studies identified a gene cluster encoding enzymes responsible for ß-diketone formation in barley, but left their biochemical functions unknown. (bvsalud.org)
  • Due to the importance of ʟ-ornithine in human health-promoting activities, economical and efficient production of ornithine has received much attention in the past years. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Rasd1 inhibited transcriptional repression by Ear2 on a renin promoter-luciferase reporter construct both in the presence and absence of all-trans-retinoic acid. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The interception of irradiation by smog pollution and cloud cover associated with extreme rainfall events has become an increasingly important limiting factor in crop production in China. (rothamsted.ac.uk)
  • HELLP syndrome (hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes, low platelet count) may complicate severe preeclampsia. (medscape.com)
  • The spectrum of diseases caused by C. difficile is highly variable and depends not only on host factors but also, for the severe forms, on the level of toxin production (4). (studyres.com)