Production 1999 antibody lymphocyte subsets. Medical search. Frequent questions

CD4 + T cells stimulate B cells to induce significant level of antimalarial antibody response and also help in the induction of CD8 + T-cell responses which help in arresting the growth of liver-stage parasites in the host. (omicsonline.org)
The resultant inflammatory mediators that are produced induce migration of lymphocytes, eosinophils, neutrophils, and mast cells to the BMZ. (medscape.com)
In the context of cancer, appropriately activated DCs can induce anti-tumor immunity by activating innate immune cells and tumor-specific lymphocytes that target cancer cells. (mdpi.com)
An increase in circulating leukocyte subsets such as CD8⁺ T cells and CD56loCD16⁺ natural killer cells suggests that PBC may induce a transient mobilisation of lymphocytes. (researchgate.net)
New combination vaccines should induce similar or superior levels of neutralizing antibody in serum for individual protection against paralytic disease and mucosal immunity that effectively decreases viral replication in the intestine and pharynx for population protection against transmission of poliovirus. (who.int)

The adaptive immune system and antigen-specific receptor generation (TCR, antibodies) are responsible for adaptive immune memory. (wikipedia.org)
In contrast, the naive plasma cell is fully differentiated and cannot be further stimulated by antigen to divide or increase antibody production. (wikipedia.org)
The antibodies of immunoglobulin G (IgG), immunoglobulin A (IgA), and/or immunoglobulin M (IgM) bind to the antigen and initiate complement activation. (medscape.com)
Murine MC are divided into three subsets based on surface expression of lymphocyte antigen 6 complex, locus C (Ly6C) ( 3 , 4 ). (frontiersin.org)
In children who have completed immunizations with diphtheria, pertussis, and tetanus (DPT) or Hib-conjugated vaccines, the antibody response to protein antigens can be tested in adults and older children by measuring IgG antibodies to tetanus or diphtheria toxoid and H influenzae type b (Hib) polysaccharide antigen. (medscape.com)
Alternatively antibody response to typhoid-Vi antigen can be measured following typhoid vaccine administration. (medscape.com)
Naive CD4 + T cells can develop into various helper T (Th) subsets with different cytokine profiles and play a discriminative role in translating antigen-specific immune responses into tissue functions or immunopathology. (atsjournals.org)

The monoclonal antibody was purified from tissue culture supernatant or ascites by affinity chromatography. (bdbiosciences.com)
The C398.4A monoclonal antibody specifically binds to Inducible Costimulator (ICOS), which is also known as, CD278, Activation-inducible lymphocyte immunomediatory molecule (AILIM), or H4. (bdbiosciences.com)
Belimumab (Benlysta) is a monoclonal antibody developed by Human Genome Sciences and GlaxoSmithKline , with significant discovery input by Cambridge Antibody Technology , which specifically recognizes and inhibits the biological activity of B-Lymphocyte stimulator (BLyS) and is in clinical trials for treatment of Systemic lupus erythematosus and other autoimmune diseases. (wikidoc.org)

There are two main mechanisms in the adaptive immune system-humoral immunity and cellular immunity, which are mediated by antibodies and cells respectively. (frontiersin.org)
Ly6C high MC exhibited activated neutrophil degranulation, lysosome, cytokine production/receptor interaction and myeloid cell activation pathways, and Ly6C low MC presented features of lymphocyte immunity pathways in both mice. (frontiersin.org)
Natural killer T (NKT) cells comprise a subset of lymphocytes originating from a distinct developmental lineage [ 1 ] which bridge innate and adaptive immunity and modulate immune responses in autoimmunity, malignancies and infections [ 2 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

In addition to the formed antibodies in the body there remains a small number of memory T and B cells that make up the cellular component of the immunological memory. (wikipedia.org)
Memory B cells are plasma cells that are able to produce antibodies for a long time. (wikipedia.org)
T cells provide protection to infection by cytokine-mediated mechanisms or through production of antibodies. (omicsonline.org)
Experiments with B cell deficient mice have demonstrated that B cells and antibodies are essential for complete clearance of parasites from blood of the host [2]. (omicsonline.org)
This subset of T cells play critical role in maintaining immune homeostasis and controlling excessive immune responses [ 5 ]. (omicsonline.org)
When fluorochrome conjugated antibodies are bound to CompBeads, they have spectral properties very similar to cells. (bdbiosciences.com)
Cells may be prepared, stained with antibodies and washed twice with wash buffer per established protocols for immunofluorescence staining, prior to acquisition on a flow cytometer. (bdbiosciences.com)
ICOS is expressed on either CD4+ or CD8+ single-positive mature thymocytes, T cells, or subsets of Innate Lymphoid Cells (ILC). (bdbiosciences.com)
6-16 However, most previous studies based on immunohistochemical staining of intra-articular cytokine production in RA have been performed on acetone fixed tissue, a procedure which does not readily allow subsequent discrimination of cytokine producing cells and cytokine binding cells. (bmj.com)
Cord blood was analyzed using a FACSort flow cytometer to determine proportions of T lymphocytes (CD3 + cells and their subsets, CD4 + and CD8 + ), B lymphocytes (CD19 + ) and natural killer (NK) cells. (biomedcentral.com)
While the autoreactive cells displayed significantly reduced Tregs numbers, the alloreactive transplacentally acquired maternal lymphocytes had high functional Tregs. (hindawi.com)
In some cases, T cells may present, as a result of residual autologous cells or transplacentally acquired maternal lymphocytes [ 1 ]. (hindawi.com)
The origin of the reactive cells in such patients are either thymic release of T-cells that expand at the periphery or transplacentally transfers of maternal T lymphocytes. (hindawi.com)
A distinctive feature of SCID patients, which sometimes can clinically resemble Omenn, [ 6 ] is the presence of alloreactive cells originated from transplacentally maternal T lymphocytes. (hindawi.com)
These receptors are expressed mainly on mature B lymphocytes and their expression varies in dependence of B cell maturation (TACI is also found on a subset of T-cells and BCMA on plasma cells ). (wikidoc.org)
Immature B cells from normal mouse bone marrow were not responsive to the suppressive effect of androgens unless they were cocultured with marrow stromal cells or with supernatants from androgen-treated stromal cells, suggesting that the androgen effects are exerted through marrow stromal elements by production of a diffusible mediator. (jci.org)
300 cells/mm3, normal in vitro T-cell proliferative responses (to mitogens and antigens), and normal specific antibody responses to non-live viral vaccine antigens. (immunodeficiencysearch.com)
Largely the product of mononuclear phagocyte activation, it is unclear whether TNF-α production at disease sites is a feature of all mononuclear phagocytes that accumulate there or whether it is secreted by a subset of these cells. (ersjournals.com)
Pathologically, at an early stage, there is an influx of mononuclear cells followed by lymphocytes. (ersjournals.com)
However, it is not clear whether TNF production in disease sites is a feature of all mononuclear cells that traffic there or whether it is a subset phenomenon. (ersjournals.com)
This technique has an advantage over routine culture conditions, as the development of cytokine product by individual cells can be localised and measured, which therefore allows for the correlation of cytokine production with cell type. (ersjournals.com)
For up to 35 days after challenge, host factors including complete blood counts with T lymphocyte subsets, type I/III interferon (IFN) activity, neutralizing and total FMDV-specific antibody titers in serum, as well as antibody-secreting cells (in 6 non-vaccinated animals) were characterized in the context of viral infection dynamics. (biomedcentral.com)
They are short-lived cells resembling bursa-derived lymphocytes of birds in their production of immunoglobulin upon appropriate stimulation. (bvsalud.org)
In vitro studies revealed that knockdown of B7-H3 on tumor cells enhanced T-cell growth and interferon-γ secretion when stimulated by anti-CD3 and anti-CD28 monoclonal antibodies. (oncotarget.com)
4 ] Interactions among subsets of immune cells through costimulatory ligands and their receptors are essential for the initiation of an immune response. (oncotarget.com)
CD4+ T-cells and other lymphocyte subsets in persons infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). (cdc.gov)
Our results found that PBC stimulated a greater change in numbers of CD16 + NK cells and CD8 + T cells in comparison to CWI, suggesting a larger catecholamine response after PBC could result in a morepronounced mobilisation of lymphocytes than CWI. (researchgate.net)
Currently, the most widely-used TIL production method is to isolate infiltrating lymphocytes from tumor tissues and then culture and expand these cells in vitro. (biomedcentral.com)
Phenotypical analyses with newly developed monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) against porcine NKp46 recently revealed that in blood NKp46 - and NKp46 + cells with NK phenotype exist with comparable cytotoxic properties. (biomedcentral.com)
Functional analyses revealed that splenic NKp46 high NK cells produced much higher levels of Interferon-γ and Tumor Necrosis Factor-α upon stimulation with cytokines or phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate/Ionomycin compared to the other two subsets. (biomedcentral.com)
Furthermore, cross-linking of NKp46 by NKp46-specific mAbs led to a superior CD107a expression in the NKp46 high NK cells, thus indicating a higher cytolytic capacity of this subset. (biomedcentral.com)
Therefore porcine splenic NKp46 high NK cells represent a highly activated subset of NK cells and may play a profound role in the immune surveillance of this organ. (biomedcentral.com)
Besides their role as cytotoxic cells through the production of perforin and granzymes, NK cells are potent producers of cytokines like Interferon (IFN)-γ and Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF)-α [ 3 ] and thus play important roles in immunomodulation and the defence against viral, parasitic and bacterial pathogens [ 4 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
In the mouse likewise CD27 and CD11b (Mac-1) are used to dissect NK cells into functionally and developmentally different subsets [ 9 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Despite these hints on important functions of porcine NK cells in vivo, so far no investigations on the existence of functionally differing NK-cell subsets have been reported. (biomedcentral.com)
Nevertheless, a recent study from our group with newly developed monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) against the activating receptor NKp46 enabled a more comprehensive insight into the phenotype of porcine NK cells and putative subsets [ 20 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
In contrast, NKp46 in the pig was shown to divide porcine CD3 - CD8α + NK cells into NKp46 - and NKp46 + subsets in blood and all organs tested [ 20 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
CD3 - CD8α + NKp46 - NK cells show phenotypic and functional properties of NK cells although they produce reduced levels of IFN-γ compared to the NKp46 + subset after in vitro stimulation. (biomedcentral.com)
Surprisingly, we previously found that mice deficient in iNKT cells developed spontaneous CD8 + T cells responses partially effective at inhibiting metastases in mice bearing the 4T1 mammary carcinoma, and showed a markedly improved response to treatment with local radiotherapy and anti-CTLA-4 antibody compared to wild type (WT) mice. (biomedcentral.com)
The effects of antibody-mediated blockade of CD1d on DC number and phenotype, priming of anti-tumor T cells, and tumor response to treatment with local radiotherapy and anti-CTLA-4 antibody were evaluated. (biomedcentral.com)
To determine if the improved response to treatment in the absence of iNKT cells was independent from the immunotherapy employed, 4T1-tumor bearing WT and iNKT −/− mice were treated with local radiotherapy in combination with antibody-mediated CD137 co-stimulation. (biomedcentral.com)
A smaller NKT cell subset utilizes a more diverse set of TCR αβ chains and is referred to as type II or non-invariant NKT cells [ 7 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
However, these cells are poor stimulators of T-cell proliferation in allogeneic mixed lymphocyte reactions. (bvsalud.org)
An accumulation of lymphocytes, especially CD4 + T cells, in TPE has been well documented ( 2 ). (atsjournals.org)
More and more data have demonstrated that several Th subsets, such as Th1 cells ( 3 ), Th17 cells ( 4 ), regulatory T cells ( 5 ), and so on, are involved in the pathogenesis of TPE. (atsjournals.org)
When MNCs were cocultured with C3G-pretreated CD38+ NK cells in the presence of TNF-α and an anti-IFN-γ antibody, the IL-10+ Treg cell proportion significantly increased. (biomedcentral.com)
Lymphocytes, B and T cells, can respond selectively to thousands of non-self materials. (lu.se)
1) Antibody deficiency disorders are defects in immunoglobulin-producing B cells . (lu.se)
3) T cell deficiencies result usually in combined immunodeficiencies (CIDs), where both T cells and antibody production are defective. (lu.se)

The memory B cell has already undergone clonal expansion, differentiation and affinity maturation, so it is able to divide multiple times faster and produce antibodies with much higher affinity (especially IgG). (wikipedia.org)
Donor-specific antibodies bind with high affinity to the vascular endothelium of graft and activate complement . (wikidoc.org)

The transfer of lymphocytes or ethylene di-isocyanate (HDI), which are used in a serum from sensitized mice can cause clinical disease in naive variety of industries including polyurethane foam mice. (cdc.gov)
A diagnosis of common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) is based on defective functional antibody formation, usually accompanied by decreased (not absent) serum immunoglobulin (Ig)G and IgA levels, generally (not invariably) decreased serum IgM, and exclusion of other known causes of antibody deficiency. (medscape.com)
Serum antiendomysium antibody and transglutaminase assay (positive in celiac disease). (medscape.com)

This signal results in the generation of B-cell clones that produce antibodies against antigens located at the basement membrane zone (BMZ), initiating a type II Gell and Coombs hypersensitivity reaction. (medscape.com)

Ocular cicatricial pemphigoid (OCP) is one of the subsets of mucous membrane pemphigoid (MMP), a group of systemic autoimmune diseases characterized by T-lymphocyte dysregulation, the production of circulating autoantibodies directed against a variety of adhesion molecules in the hemidesmosome-epithelial membrane complex, and the production of proinflammatory cytokines and immune system activation markers. (medscape.com)
Ly6C high MC is the pro-inflammatory subset and the counterpart of human CD14 ++ CD16 + intermediate MC which contributes to systemic and tissue inflammation in various metabolic disorders, including hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy). (frontiersin.org)
Excessive level of BAFF causes abnormally high antibody production, results in systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis, and many other autoimmune diseases. (wikidoc.org)
Parasite clearance following treatment with antimalarial drugs resulted in decreased detection of HIV-1 particles derived from the CD14 macrophage cell subset and correlated with a marked diminution in systemic immune activation. (lww.com)

The demonstration of antibodies, mixed T-helper (Th) type 1/2 responses diisocyanate occupational asthma in a murine model after sub- and the involvement of CD8 T lymphocytes in chronic inhalation exposure at relevant exposure levels should diisocyanate OA. (cdc.gov)
Assessment of the ability to produce functional antibodies can be obtained by measuring antibody responses to natural antigens or those antigens to which the population commonly is exposed. (medscape.com)
This assessment can also be done by measuring antibody responses following active immunization with protein or polysaccharide antigens. (medscape.com)
Protein conjugated pneumococcal vaccine elicit antibody responses that are T-cell dependent. (medscape.com)
Therefore, antibody responses should be measured to polysaccharide antigens that are not present in the protein-conjugated pneumococcal vaccine. (medscape.com)
The 'gold standard' method to assess humoral antibody responses fol owing vaccination is the neutralization assay. (who.int)

Compared with controls, the detectable proportion of HIV-1 particles derived from CD14 macrophages and CD26 lymphocytes was increased in persons with acute malaria coinfection and correlated with markedly increased plasma concentrations of both proinflammatory cytokines and soluble markers of macrophage and lymphocyte activation. (lww.com)
This study has demonstrated that a subset of mononuclear phagocytes, mature macrophages, are responsible for tumour necrosis factor secretion and this could have implications for targeted management in sarcoidosis in the future. (ersjournals.com)
For example, the interaction between OPN and v7 on macrophages inhibits their production of IL-10. (nature.com)

Antibody deficiencies are treated with intravenous immunoglobulin substitution therapy. (lu.se)

HHcy in Cbs -/- mice reinforced inflammatory features in Ly6C high MC by upregulating inflammatory TFs ( Ets1 and Tbx21 ) and strengthened lymphocytes functional adaptation in Ly6C low MC by increased expression of CD3, DR3, ICOS, and Fos . (frontiersin.org)
Finally, we established 3 groups of transcriptional models to describe Ly6C high to Ly6C low MC subset differentiation, immune checkpoint regulation, Ly6C high MC to MΦ subset differentiation and Ly6C low MC to lymphocyte functional adaptation. (frontiersin.org)
HHcy reinforced inflammatory feature in Ly6C high MC and strengthened lymphocytes functional adaptation in Ly6C low MC. (frontiersin.org)
IgG subclass determination is of limited value in assessing patients with clinical immunodeficiency because functional antibody deficiency may be present despite normal IgG subclass levels. (medscape.com)

However, antibody defects have been described including IgA deficiency, hypogammaglobulinemia, and specific antibody deficiency. (immunodeficiencysearch.com)

1-5 The paracrine or autocrine mode of action of most cytokines complicates the interpretation of studies of body fluids for reliable assessment of cytokine production. (bmj.com)
The reverse haemolytic plaque assay allows the measurement of cytokine production at a single cell level. (ersjournals.com)

The immune system's response to a few diseases, such as dengue, counterproductively worsens the next infection (antibody-dependent enhancement). (wikipedia.org)
Ebola virus glycoprotein directly triggers T lymphocyte death despite of the lack of infection. (prolekarniky.cz)

Isohemagglutinins are IgM antibodies to ABO blood group antigens that are polysaccharide. (medscape.com)
Approximately 80% of children have detectable antibodies to these antigens after 3 immunizations during their first year of life. (medscape.com)

After challenge, circulating lymphocytes decreased in non-vaccinated animals, coincident with viremia, IFN activity, and clinical disease, whereas lymphocyte and monocyte counts in vaccinated animals were unaffected by vaccination but transiently increased after challenge. (biomedcentral.com)
Prevention was associated with the downregulation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3)-activating and Foxp3-counteracting interleukin-6 (IL-6), lower numbers of phospho-STAT3-containing lymphocytes, and higher Foxp3 + T-cell counts in the colon. (nature.com)
The guidelines describe single-platform technology (SPT), a process in which absolute counts of lymphocyte subsets are measured from a single tube by a single instrument. (cdc.gov)
Natural killer cell counts were also elevated after PBC, with the increase attributed specifically to the CD56loCD16⁺ cytotoxic subset. (researchgate.net)

A subset of patients with clinical features similar to OCP also has been shown to have autoantibodies against epiligrin, which is identified as laminin 5, a ligand for alpha 6 beta 4 integrin, and autoantibodies to the alpha 6 integrin subunit. (medscape.com)
Any detectable titer of neutralizing antibody against poliovirus is considered protective against clinical paralytic diseases. (who.int)

Confocal microscopy revealed that HNF4a is present in both T UNC1215 UNC1215 lymphocytes and granulocytes, suggesting a previously unsuspected role for this transcription factor in regulating leukocyte function and therapeutic response in JIA. (tech-strategy.org)

Ly6C high MC expressed higher levels of macrophage (MΦ) markers, whereas, Ly6C low MC highly expressed lymphocyte markers in both mice. (frontiersin.org)

Recent studies suggested that some tumors have distinct molecular characteristics that allow them to be further classified into subsets of disease beyond the histologic level. (oncotarget.com)
Tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte (TIL) therapy is a type of adoptive cellular therapy by harvesting infiltrated lymphocytes from tumors, culturing and amplifying them in vitro and then infusing back to treat patients. (biomedcentral.com)

Conversely, deficient levels of a single subclass of IgG may be found in individuals who have effective specific antibody production and are clinically normal. (medscape.com)

The current authors have previously demonstrated, using a reverse haemolytic plaque assay (RHPA), that single-cell production of cytokine can be assayed 16 . (ersjournals.com)

This study aims to explore molecule signaling mediating MC subset differentiation in HHcy and control mice. (frontiersin.org)

Simultaneously, adipocytes secrete various cytokines including leptin, resistin, TNF-α and IL-6 to regulate the differentiation and function of T and B lymphocytes. (frontiersin.org)

Human MC were initially divided into three subsets based on the cell surface expression of CD14 and CD16, and recently classified based on CD40 expression ( 2 - 5 ). (frontiersin.org)
Murine Ly6C high and Ly6C middle MC subsets perform pro-inflammatory functions, which are considered the counterpart of human CD14 ++ CD16 + intermediate MC or CD14 + CD40 + inflammatory MC ( 4 , 5 ). (frontiersin.org)

The adaptive immune response, primarily comprised of T and B lymphocytes, has important implications in the fracture healing process as well [ 3 , 4 ]. (hindawi.com)

We suggest that a high-tolerance capacity of the alloreactive transplacentally acquired maternal lymphocytes represents a toleration advantage, yet still associated with severe immunodeficiency. (hindawi.com)
Single-platform technology (SPT) is designed to enable de- system and managing the health care of persons infected with terminations of both absolute and percentage lymphocyte sub- human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) ( 1-4 ). (cdc.gov)

This study investigates the association between cord blood lymphocyte proportions and maternal exposure to air pollution during each gestational month. (biomedcentral.com)
Given that lymphocyte production, including T and B cell development, starts early in gestation [ 7 ] and that critical stages in development of the immune system may also reflect temporal variation in susceptibility to immunotoxicants, this study investigated the association between maternal exposure to air pollution during each month of gestation and cord blood lymphocyte proportions. (biomedcentral.com)

98%) is thought to be derived from short-lived lymphocytes ordinarily [ 11,12 ], HIV-1 replication within the macrophage reservoir is increased during mycobacterial and Pneumocystis carinii coinfections [ 13-15 ]. (lww.com)

Ly6C low MC manifested activated T-cell signaling pathways and potentially can adapt the function of lymphocytes. (frontiersin.org)
Signaling through BAFF-R and BCMA stimulates B lymphocytes to undergo proliferation and to counter apoptosis . (wikidoc.org)

Techniques based on immunohistochemistry have thus also been widely used to study the expression of cytokines within the synovial tissue in attempts to determine true local production. (bmj.com)
Such studies have led to the identification of a new innate lymphoid subset that produces the canonical type 2 cytokines IL-5, IL-9 and IL-13 in response to IL-25 and IL-33. (nature.com)

Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is a clinically heterogeneous disease characterized by the accumulation of CD5CD23 B-cell lymphocytes. (haematologica.org)

Additionally, C3G significantly increased RASF apoptosis and decreased RASF proliferation and IL-6 production in the culture medium. (biomedcentral.com)

To this end, Dr. Rosenberg and others developed a "Young TIL" approach that rapidly expands TIL for administration without in vitro selection for tumor reactivity [ 8 ], which markedly improves the timeliness of TIL production as well as its survival and efficacy in vivo (Fig. 1 ). (biomedcentral.com)

The adjusted models show significant associations between PAHs or PM 2.5 during early gestation and increases in CD3 + and CD4 + lymphocytes percentages and decreases in CD19 + and NK cell percentages in cord blood. (biomedcentral.com)
In the current study it is shown that this NKp46 high phenotype was correlated with an increased expression of CD16 and CD27 compared to the CD8α + NKp46 - and NKp46 + NK-cell subsets in spleen and blood. (biomedcentral.com)
A considerable number of phenotypically and functionally different NK-cell subsets have been identified up to date [ 5 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Cyclin-dependent kinase 4 and 6 (CDK4/6) inhibitors synergistically increased the effectiveness of antiprogrammed cell death protein-1 (anti-PD-1)/programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) antibodies in preclinical studies. (bmj.com)

Fibroblast activation secondary to inflammatory cytokine influences, with collagen production and subsequent cicatrization, is the end result in the conjunctiva. (medscape.com)
MC can be classified into inflammatory or anti-inflammatory subsets ( 1 ). (frontiersin.org)

Vaccination generally induced a strong antibody response. (biomedcentral.com)

With CD45 gating, the relative numbers of beads and lymphocyte subsets are enumerated, and their absolute numbers and percentage values are calculated. (cdc.gov)

Methods This non-randomized, multicohort, phase II study evaluated the efficacy and safety of the anti-PD-1 antibody nivolumab 240 mg administered every 2 weeks in combination with the CDK4/6 inhibitor abemaciclib 150 mg twice daily and either fulvestrant (FUL) or letrozole (LET) as a first-line or second-line treatment for HR-positive HER2-negative metastatic breast cancer. (bmj.com)

There was no significant association between alterations in lymphocyte distribution and air pollution exposure during the mid gestation. (biomedcentral.com)
Hypothermic stress as a result of exposure to cold environments and cold water has been shown to increase circulating catecholamine concentration and subsequently influence lymphocyte mobilisation (Jansky et al. (researchgate.net)

An isotype control should be used at the same concentration as the antibody of interest. (bdbiosciences.com)

take a blood sample 4 weeks after the last injection and determine antibody level (usually by virus neutralization). (medscape.com)

The molecular definition of these autoantigens facilitates the classification and characterization of subsets of OCP. (medscape.com)

Patients with antibody deficiencies are especially susceptible to encapsulated bacteria, which cause pyogenic infections. (lu.se)

Lower level of BAFF transcripts (or a higher level of soluble BAFF) show a higher risk of producing donor-specific antibodies in the investigated patients. (wikidoc.org)
Both groups had a lasting increase of specific IgG and neutralizing antibody after challenge. (biomedcentral.com)
The traditional procedure of TIL production is assayed for specific tumor recognition and usually takes 6-8 weeks. (biomedcentral.com)

Anatomy49

Organisms15

Diseases15

Chemicals and Drugs99

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment40

Phenomena and Processes43

Disciplines and Occupations1

Information Science3

Health Care3

Induce5

Antigen7

Monoclonal antibody3

Immunity3

Cells49

Affinity2

Serum3

Produce antibodies1

Systemic4

Responses6

Macrophages3

Immunoglobulin1

Functional4

Deficiency1

Cytokine production2

Infection2

Antigens2

Counts4

Clinical2

Leukocyte1

Markers1

Tumors2

Subclass1

Assay1

Molecule1

Differentiation1

CD142

Adaptive1

Immunodeficiency2

Maternal2

Short-lived1

Signaling2

Cytokines2

Accumulation1

Proliferation1

Vitro1

Cell4

Inflammatory2

Vaccination1

Percentage1

Methods1

Exposure2

Concentration1

Neutralization1

Classification1

Infections1

Specific3