• Pascalization, bridgmanization, high pressure processing (HPP) or high hydrostatic pressure (HHP) processing is a method of preserving and sterilizing food, in which a product is processed under very high pressure, leading to the inactivation of certain microorganisms and enzymes in the food. (wikipedia.org)
  • However, disinfection is significantly less effective than sterilization because it does not necessarily kill all harmful microorganisms, especially resistant bacterial spores. (prnewswire.com)
  • Applied to certain foods, high pressure can render inactive some microorganisms such as yeast, mould and bacteria, and some enzymes too, which contribute to deteriorating these foods when processed. (youris.com)
  • Disinfecting , on the other hand, "describes a process that eliminates many or all pathogenic microorganisms except bacterial spores on inanimate objects. (vanguardcleaning.com)
  • Biological indicators (BIs) provide information on whether necessary conditions were met to kill a specified number of microorganisms (bacterial spores) for a given sterilization process. (steris.com)
  • A biological indicator provides information on whether necessary conditions were met to kill a specified number of microorganisms for a given sterilization process, providing a level of confidence in the process. (scienceoxygen.com)
  • Endospores, or bacterial spores, are the microorganisms primarily used in BIs. (scienceoxygen.com)
  • Chlorine Dioxide kills microorganisms through the process of oxidation. (maatfoundationtherapies.com)
  • Decontamination The overall process of removal or reduction of any contaminants (chemical, waste, residue or microorganisms) from an area, object, or person. (pmeasuring.com)
  • Disinfection The process by which the reduction of the number of microorganisms is achieved by the irreversible action of a product on their structure or metabolism, to a level judged to be appropriate for a defined purpose. (pmeasuring.com)
  • Sterilization eliminates the remaining viruses, microorganisms, and bacterial spores. (courtesybldgservices.com)
  • High-level disinfection" is expected to destroy all microorganisms, with the exception of high numbers of bacterial spores. (gasdetection.com)
  • Low-level disinfection" can kill most bacteria, some viruses, but it cannot be relied on to kill resistant microorganisms such as tubercle bacilli or bacterial spores. (gasdetection.com)
  • The objective of this study was to evaluate the log reductions and thermal inactivation kinetics of spores of Bacillus subtilis bacteria and ascospores of Talaromyces flavus and Eupenicillium javanicum molds under influence of pH and sodium benzoate preservative. (hindawi.com)
  • such as Bacillus subtilis , is also one of the predominant microbes from bacterial genera found in soil and may also be introduced into the manufacturing process through poorly washed fruits. (hindawi.com)
  • We conducted a factorially designed experiment where we passaged a bacterial host ( Bacillus subtilis ) and its phage (SPO1) in the presence versus absence of a seed bank consisting of dormant endospores. (nature.com)
  • Here, we report the first crystal structures with and without ligands of the SpoIID family from two community relevant spore-forming pathogens, Bacillus anthracis and Clostridium difficile. (rcsb.org)
  • That's because Bacillus anthracis forms a spore that can be aerosolized and spread through the air, the main way to deliver a large-scale biological attack. (thebulletin.org)
  • Recently, viable Bacillus sphaericus spores were isolated from an extinct bee species enclosed in amber with a reported age of 25-30 Ma. (creation.com)
  • A sample study was conducted with 100 dental clinics, by way of a questionnaire about procedures related to the sterilization process and implementation of biological monitoring of the equipment, using spores of Bacillus subtilis for the oven and Geobacillus stearothermophilus for the autoclaves. (bvsalud.org)
  • Since 2000 in the United Kingdom, infections caused by spore-forming bacteria have been associated with increasing illness and death among persons who inject drugs (PWID). (cdc.gov)
  • Infections with spore-forming bacteria in PWID have historically been more common in the United States than in Europe. (cdc.gov)
  • Nevertheless, a recent article noted that 367 infections with spore-forming bacteria among PWID in Europe were reported during 2000-2009 ( 6 ). (cdc.gov)
  • To further explore this variation, we compared the regional rates of infection and death caused by a small number of aerobic and anaerobic spore-forming bacteria among PWID in Scotland and England over a 10-year period beginning in 2000. (cdc.gov)
  • Mesa manufactures many species of non-pathogenic spore-forming bacteria. (mesalabs.com)
  • Owing in part to the inability of phages to attach to spores, seed banks stabilized population dynamics and resulted in minimum host densities that were 30-fold higher compared to bacteria that were unable to engage in dormancy. (nature.com)
  • The cause might be bacterial spores, an extremely hardy survival form of bacteria, a nightmare for health care and the food industry and an enigma for scientists. (hivplusmag.com)
  • Spore-forming bacteria, show up almost everywhere in our environment and can cause serious infectious diseases (such as tetanus, anthrax, and botulism). (hivplusmag.com)
  • To survive long periods without nutrients or other adverse conditions, certain types of bacteria have developed the ability to form spores, where the cell's DNA and necessary enzymes are packed into a capsule surrounded by multiple protective barriers. (hivplusmag.com)
  • But spores read their surroundings, and as soon as conditions improve, they transform back into active bacteria. (hivplusmag.com)
  • What we have discovered is that the water in the spore is nearly as fluid as in regular bacteria, while the enzymes are largely immobile. (hivplusmag.com)
  • The LT superfamily is a potential drug target because it is active in essential bacterial processes involving the peptidoglycan, which is unique to bacteria. (rcsb.org)
  • This process will kill most of the bacteria or viruses in a biological weapon once it's being disseminated. (thebulletin.org)
  • Sterilization" is any process whereby all forms of microbial life (bacteria, spores, fungi, and viruses) are completely destroyed. (gasdetection.com)
  • HyperMicroMacro addresses critical gaps in our knowledge of food safety by developing new understanding of the growth and persistence of bacteria, spores and biofilms on surfaces using hyperspectral imaging at multiple spatial scales (from microscopic to macroscopic) and spectral modalities (e.g. (ucd.ie)
  • Living bacteria and dormant stages of bacteria known as spores, have been found in many sediments with reported ages of up to hundreds of million years. (creation.com)
  • The realization of the vastness of bacterial diversity and the development of novel experimental techniques have propelled molecular microbiology into a new era of investigation This course provides insights into how genes are organized and regulated in bacteria and in their viruses. (lu.se)
  • be able to describe molecular genetic processes in bacteria. (lu.se)
  • The model organisms that we use, Gram-positive bacteria of the genus Streptomyces , provide unique possibilities to study some of these fundamental functions, and show several intriguing parallels to the corresponding processes in eukaryotic cells. (lu.se)
  • Anthrax bacteria can survive in the environment by forming spores. (who.int)
  • Bacterial spores are the most resistant form of life known on Earth and represent a serious problem for (i) bioterrorism attack, (ii) horizontal transmission of microbial pathogens in the community, and (iii) persistence in patients and in a nosocomial environment. (rcsb.org)
  • Anthrax spores provide that ability for them to survive that process much better than other pathogens. (thebulletin.org)
  • Sometimes, under certain conditions, the resident bacterial flora can act as pathogens and cause disease. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Because of the alarming and rising problems with antibiotic resistance among bacterial pathogens, there is an urgent need to rapidly develop new types of antibiotics and other anti-bacterial agents. (lu.se)
  • Destruction of most resistant bacterial spores with relatively brief exposure. (missouri.edu)
  • The objective of this work was to study the growth kinetics of Clostridium perfringens spores in thermally processed ground beef and compare the suitability of the Gompertz, logistic, and Baranyi models used to describe the isothermal bacterial growth. (usda.gov)
  • It may contribute to the prevention of foodborne poisoning caused by C. perfringens spores during manufacturing, distribution, storage, and consumption of cooked beef products. (usda.gov)
  • In this study, the effects of bacteriostats, including nine commonly used food additives and four detergents, on the growth of Clostridium perfringens spores were investigated. (bvsalud.org)
  • Among the four detergents, 5‱ glutaraldehyde solution presented the best inhibitory effect on the growth of C. perfringens spores, and the spore turbidity decreased by 5.6% after incubation for 60 min. (bvsalud.org)
  • No other reports were reported for this bacterium spores in high-acid foods. (hindawi.com)
  • BC30 is a spore-forming bacterium, which means that inside the bacterial cell is a hardened structure, or spore, a bit like a seed. (nutraingredients.com)
  • During the '70s, viable spores of a thermophilic (heat loving) bacterium were discovered in lake sediments with radiocarbon ages of 7 Ka or more. (creation.com)
  • The spore-forming Clostridium perfringens is a major foodborne pathogen in processed meat products such as ham, roast beef, and corned beef, and temperature abuse is the primary cause of C. perfringens-related food poisoning. (usda.gov)
  • These intriguing molecules, generated from L-amino acids by racemase enzymes, play diverse and specific roles in various cellular processes, including cell wall formation, biofilm stability, spore germination, and interbacterial interactions. (umu.se)
  • Furthermore, 0.3‱ tea polyphenols, 0.8‱ D-isoascorbic acid, and 0.75‱ potassium sorbate promoted leakage of contents during spore germination. (bvsalud.org)
  • Further analysis of the inactivation mechanism of spores by the bacteriostats was performed by comparing the leakage of UV-absorbing substances during germination. (bvsalud.org)
  • The results revealed that bacteriostats could not directly kill the spores, but could inactivate them by inhibiting germination or damaging the spore structure during germination, thus preventing the formation of bacterial vegetative bodies. (bvsalud.org)
  • Each biological indicator (BI) vial is inoculated with Geobacillus stearothermophilus bacterial spores and contains a defined media within the vial cap. (steris.com)
  • In these applications, Geobacillus stearothermophilus spores are primarily used due to their high resistance to these sterilization processes. (steris.com)
  • Here, the method of bead-beating was identified as the most effective way for spore breakage and fungal DNA release. (cdc.gov)
  • Although positive bands were observed at 0.2 fungal spore/reaction using the homogenization-first procedure, the sensitivity of this assay would be two fungal spores/reaction for environmental samples. (cdc.gov)
  • High Touch Point Disinfection is a widely utilized supplement to standard janitorial cleaning services, while an electrostatic disinfecting process disperses disinfectant as positively charged droplets, which are electromagnetically attracted to surfaces, effectively wrapping around the object. (vanguardcleaning.com)
  • Added in Annex1 rev.2017 - Glossary = Disinfection: the process by which surface bioburden is reduced to a safe level or eliminated. (pmeasuring.com)
  • Section 4.37 starts with " The disinfection process should be validated . (pmeasuring.com)
  • Clear description of the intended purpose of the disinfection when designing a reliable validation of a disinfection process. (pmeasuring.com)
  • While there would be sufficient inventory to allow for the more time-consuming process of high-level disinfection for the blades, there might not be enough handles in stock to allow this. (gasdetection.com)
  • ITherefore, given the results presented, it may be concluded that most of the private dental clinics in the city of Porto Velho, Rondônia, use autoclave sterilization as the preferred method and that it was effective given the biological indicators used, but the knowledge of dental surgeons regarding the process of sterilization and disinfection was insufficient, which alerts to the need for greater awareness by the professionals. (bvsalud.org)
  • Founded in 1998, TSO 3 's activities encompass the sale, production, maintenance, research, development and licensing of sterilization processes, related consumable supplies and accessories for heat-sensitive medical devices. (prnewswire.com)
  • The Company designs products for sterile processing areas in the hospital environment that offer an advantageous replacement solution to other low temperature sterilization processes currently used in hospitals. (prnewswire.com)
  • The Celerity HP Biological Indicators are rapid-read, single-use biological indicators designed to monitor vaporized hydrogen peroxide (VH2O2) sterilization processes. (steris.com)
  • Spore suspensions are calibrated suspensions of bacterial spores appropriate for direct inoculation of products or preparing custom biological indicators for monitoring Steam, Ethylene Oxide (EtO), Dry Heat, Hydrogen Peroxide, Radiation and other industrial sterilization processes. (mesalabs.com)
  • Chemical indicators should be used in all types of sterilization processes including: steam, hydrogen peroxide, and ethylene oxide. (scienceoxygen.com)
  • To conclude, the combination of low pH and sodium benzoate provided the best method for spore inactivation, which could enhance food safety and extend food's shelf life. (hindawi.com)
  • We therefore think that spores' heat resistance and ability to shut down their cell machinery can be ascribed to the fact that certain critical enzymes do not function in the low water content in the spore core. (hivplusmag.com)
  • This species is typically inoculated onto steel carriers so it is compatible with the H2O2 process and similar in material to items typically found in these production areas. (mesalabs.com)
  • Some biological indicators may also contain two different species and concentrations of spores. (scienceoxygen.com)
  • Therefore, the applicability of these findings to other bacterial species needs additional investigation," says Oihane Irazoki. (umu.se)
  • Current estimates of the number of bacterial species range from 1 to 1000 million. (lu.se)
  • 2 This process uses a product (disinfectant) designed for the job at hand. (vanguardcleaning.com)
  • Cleaning (NEW)A process for removing contamination e.g. product residues and disinfectant residues from a cleanroom. (pmeasuring.com)
  • Cleaning Validation: Process Life Cycle Model," in Contamination Control in Healthcare Product Manufacturing, vol. 3. (ispe.org)
  • Feed and feed ingredients are one of the principal sources of microbial contamination in the animal production industry and contamination may occur at any time during growing, harvesting, processing, manufacturing, storage, and distribution. (auburn.edu)
  • Post mixing samples of feed mill A and E had higher ECC and ENC compared to post cooling and pellet loadout, therefore the pelleting process was effective at reducing the background bacterial contamination in feed ingredients. (auburn.edu)
  • Recent developments in hardware have made it possible to obtain macroscopic HSI data using rapid, low cost hand-held systems which have the potential to vastly improve the food industry's ability to rapidly identify contamination along the processing chain. (ucd.ie)
  • Some of these materials can contain significant bacterial contamination. (cdc.gov)
  • Reducing pathogen contamination during poultry slaughter and processing of leafy greens requires collaboration among food growers and processors, retail stores, restaurants, and regulators. (cdc.gov)
  • nevertheless, inhalation of spores of some of the dimorphic fungi produces illness ranging from mild to severe disseminated disease. (medscape.com)
  • Some cells convert themselves into resistant spores that wait until conditions improve before kick starting another growth phase. (icr.org)
  • Each of the three treatment processes used during testing resulted in complete neutralization of the bacterial spores based on no bacterial growth in post-treatment incubations. (sciencedaily.com)
  • The objective of this research was to investigate the influence of temperature on the growth of C. perfringens in cooked ground beef and develop mathematical models to describe the bacterial growth. (usda.gov)
  • These models may provide accurate estimation of the growth of C. perfringens in processed meat products. (usda.gov)
  • They can also be used by regulatory agencies, retailers, and consumers to estimate and predict the potential bacterial growth during distribution and storage of meat products. (usda.gov)
  • The results of this study can be applied to the industry to design appropriate cooling schedules and estimate the extent of C. perfringens growth in thermally processed beef under abused temperature conditions. (usda.gov)
  • Delvo®Nis is an antibacterial peptide that combats the growth of bacterial spores in heat-processed foods like cheese, dairy desserts, meat, beverages and baking products. (dsm.com)
  • The results showed that 0.07‱ ethylenediaminetetraacetate had a good inhibitory effect on C. perfringens spore growth, and the spore turbidity decreased by 4.8% after incubation for 60 min. (bvsalud.org)
  • Its powerful probiotic formula promotes optimal intestinal conditions for healthy bacterial growth. (senpa.org)
  • It has long been known that the ability of spores to survive has to do with the low water content in the spore core, where the bacterial cell's DNA and most enzymes are stored. (hivplusmag.com)
  • Enzymes are proteins used as biocatalysts to reduce or replace the use of chemi- cals in a variety of processes.9 As catalysts, enzymes are used in a variety of indus- tries, including cleaning, food processing, animal feed, fuel alcohol, textile, paper, and pharmaceuticals. (cdc.gov)
  • Most commercial frozen and freeze-dried raw diets now go through post-packaging HPP treatment to destroy potential bacterial and viral contaminants, with salmonella being one of the major concerns. (wikipedia.org)
  • Browse STERIS biological indicators including self-contained biological indicators (SCBI) and process challenge devices or test packs. (steris.com)
  • Biological indicator vials contain spores from B. stearothermophilus, a microorganism that is inactivated when exposed to 121.1oC saturated steam for a minimum of 20 minutes. (scienceoxygen.com)
  • A biological indicator is used to ensure the chamber of your autoclave is getting completely saturated in the sterilization process. (scienceoxygen.com)
  • Many biological processes are controlled by large multi-component protein assemblies, the size and complexity of which typically precludes the determination of their high-resolution structures. (lu.se)
  • This safeguards the cell's genetic material from the heat and pressure of manufacturing processes, stomach acid and bile. (nutraingredients.com)
  • Here we test the hypothesis that, by generating a seed bank of protected individuals, dormancy can modify the patterns and processes of antagonistic coevolution. (nature.com)
  • The proposed approach of AgResearch scientists to preventing these bacterial spores getting into the food was through use of a "hyperspectral spore detector", which could be developed for farmers to use themselves or access through an on-farm service. (agresearch.co.nz)
  • The spore detector would be able to detect the bacterial hot spots via a unique `fingerprint', including where in the soil and in what quantity. (agresearch.co.nz)
  • Bacterial Spore Detector. (campustechnology.com)
  • AgResearch scientist Aswathi Soni and colleagues Mahmoud Al-Sarayreh, Gale Brightwell, and Marlon M. Reis are developing technology that uses hyperspectral imaging to detect bacterial spores on farms, so they can be targeted and "cleaned" before spreading into the animal gut, water sources or farm equipment. (agresearch.co.nz)
  • Hyperspectral imaging is a method that collects and processes information from across a wide variety of bandwidths in the light spectrum. (agresearch.co.nz)
  • Viable spores, with proven autochthonous origin, have recently been isolated from water inclusions in the late Permian Salado evaporite, New Mexico (USA). (creation.com)
  • However, current rates of bacterial life decay (the decrease in the number of viable spores with time) do not support the age of 250 Ma. (creation.com)
  • In food production and health care, high temperatures are used to kill spores, which can survive boiling and normal disinfectants. (hivplusmag.com)
  • Why spores are so resistant to heat and how they can survive without nutrients has long puzzled researchers, but it has been suspected that what may be crucial are changes in the physical properties of spore water. (hivplusmag.com)
  • in contrast, the more sporadic nature of tetanus and botulism cases suggests that these spores might more commonly exist in the drug supply or local environment although at varying levels. (cdc.gov)
  • This organism is certified with a 121°C steam D-value determined on spores suspended in water for injection (WFi), in glass ampoules. (mesalabs.com)
  • Spore suspensions are traceable to a recognized culture collection and certified for population, D-value (Steam, EtO, Dry Heat, and Gamma Radiation), and z-value (Steam and Dry Heat). (mesalabs.com)
  • A passing result for the BI within the PCD demonstrates that the sterilization cycle was effective at inactivating the BI, providing Sterile Processing Department staff with a level of assurance in their steam or VHP sterilization process. (steris.com)
  • A fermentation-based nisin solution that controls spoilage of heat-processed foods. (dsm.com)
  • These findings deepen our knowledge of bacterial behaviour and may impact the development of strategies to manipulate bacterial populations or control bacterial infections," says Felipe Cava, professor at the Department of Molecular Biology at Umeå University. (umu.se)
  • One of our projects aims at investigating bacterial cell division as an antibiotic target. (lu.se)
  • Researchers are investigating how to improve a century old technology of processing food. (youris.com)
  • Now, researchers from Lund University and the United States have made a breakthrough in our understanding of the molecular characteristics of spores that in the long term may lead to new methods for sterilizing food and medical equipment. (hivplusmag.com)
  • To be able to 'see' what happens inside spores, the Lund researchers developed a unique method. (hivplusmag.com)
  • These devices play a critical role in sterility assurance and provide the only direct measure of the lethality of the sterilization process. (steris.com)
  • Thus, HPP can pasteurize food products with decreased processing time, reduced energy usage, and less waste. (wikipedia.org)
  • In recent years, HPP has also been used in the processing of raw pet food. (wikipedia.org)
  • The food was contaminated before arriving at the point of final preparation by animal or environmental sources, either pre-harvest (e.g., growing field, harvest area, irrigation water, etc.) or post-harvest (e.g., processing or distribution facility, in warehouse storage, during transit, etc. (cdc.gov)
  • High pressure to preserve and sterilize some foods, prolonging their shelf life: this old method of food preservation is called High Pressure Processing (HPP) or Pascalisation, from the name of the 17th century French scientist Blaise Pascal, famous for studying the effects of pressure on fluids. (youris.com)
  • Now a new version of HPP, the so-called "High Hydrostatic Pressure in combination with Temperature" (HPT) technique, could represent a significant improvement in food processing, by adding a heating step to the high pressure processing. (youris.com)
  • Due to bacterial spores, non-acid food is not safe after HPP treatment. (youris.com)
  • The final added value of HPT has yet to be proven against existing food processing techniques, but should this new method turn out to be more effective, the next steps will be scaling-up and implementation. (youris.com)
  • Bacterial spores are a constant challenge to the food industry because they are everywhere, especially in soil," Dr Soni says. (agresearch.co.nz)
  • A huge amount of money is lost due to the wastage costs because these spores can cause both food poisoning as well as spoilage. (agresearch.co.nz)
  • It is used to sanitize fruit and vegetables as well as equipment for food and beverage processing. (maatfoundationtherapies.com)
  • If injected intravenously, intramuscularly, or subcutaneously, spores can germinate and produce potent neurotoxins or histotoxins that cause illness and death ( 2 ). (cdc.gov)
  • Other diseases, including the bacterial illness tularemia, have also been studied, but, Koblentz said, weapons programs have shied away from diseases like influenza that spread easily. (thebulletin.org)
  • Unlike many forms of bacterial meningitis, TBM is often difficult to diagnose, as initial symptoms are generally subacute and often nonspecific (although occasionally may present more acutely), and neck stiffness is typically not present in the early course of the illness. (medscape.com)
  • The creation and isolation of specific mutants is a cornerstone of bacterial genetics. (lu.se)
  • For a researcher armed with the powerful tools of genetics and molecular biology, the simple bacterial cells provide great experimental systems for investigating fundamental functions of a living cell. (lu.se)
  • Helicobacter pylori Infection Helicobacter pylori ( H. pylori ) infection is a bacterial infection that causes stomach inflammation ( gastritis), peptic ulcer disease, and certain types of stomach cancer. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Low temperature sterilization with the STERIZONE ® VP4 Sterilizer offers a more effective solution, since it involves a proprietary physical and chemical process that thoroughly destroys all types of microbiological organisms. (prnewswire.com)
  • Its single cycle can sterilize a large number and wide range of compatible devices, thereby allowing for a cost effective and error-free sterilization process. (prnewswire.com)
  • it is less effective than sterilization, which is an extreme physical and/or chemical process that kills all types of life. (cutoutandkeep.net)
  • If the air is not displaced, the temperature will remain to low in that area throughout the sterilization process thereby not being effective. (missouri.edu)
  • Thirdly, they saw that the core membrane of a spore constitutes an effective barrier for the water, which supports the hypothesis that it protects the spore DNA from toxic compounds. (hivplusmag.com)
  • Based on these results, the pelleting process is effective in decreasing ECC and ENC, however CSC can persist through this process. (auburn.edu)
  • Based on nisin, Delvo®Nis is a natural way to safeguard your foods and extend shelf life with no effect on taste - in fact it can even improve product quality as it helps lower processing temperatures. (dsm.com)
  • They have also seen that the proteins in the spores are immobile, which explains why spores can withstand such high temperatures. (hivplusmag.com)
  • This makes it hard to unravel the underlying factors that dictate bacterial navigation towards favourable environments or their evasion of detrimental conditions. (umu.se)
  • These gram-positive spore-forming anaerobes can be found in soil samples and marine sediments throughout the world. (medscape.com)
  • But now physical chemists at the Lund University faculty of engineering have succeeded in 'seeing' the water in intact spores and discovered that it has entirely different properties than scientists previously thought. (hivplusmag.com)
  • To protect the safety and health of professional clean ers and make sure that the process of surface and air decontamination is performed accordingly, a certain structure is being followed. (courtesybldgservices.com)
  • Previous work in this area has been on modeling the assembly structure of the type III secretion system and prediction of the high-resolution structures of homo-oligomeric proteins using limited experimental data from Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) in order to speed up the process of structure determination. (lu.se)
  • No data or studies have been published that support the claim that 'sterile' rinse water can be produced by filtering a hospital's tap water through a water filtration assembly that includes a 0.2 micron bacterial filter. (gasdetection.com)
  • The process life-cycle model, as discussed in the US FDA guidance on process validation, is a significant change in how we view validation. (ispe.org)
  • As presented in the 2011 US FDA process validation guidance, 1 the design phase calls for up-front work and use of modern tools such as risk evaluation (e.g., design of experiments, risk ranking), bench- or pilot-scale experiments, and novel equipment and instrument technology. (ispe.org)
  • Once these bacterial hot spots are identified, they can be rapidly `cleaned' in a more targeted and efficient way, using less chemicals and saving money in the process. (agresearch.co.nz)
  • A polysaccharide, or sometimes a polypeptide layer, surrounding bacterial cells peripheral to the cell wall. (innvista.com)
  • A CNN with U-net architecture was trained to segment the Shape Index Maps into cell body and contour of bacterial cells. (elifesciences.org)
  • 1994-1996 at Centro de Investigaciones Biologicas in Madrid where I worked on bacterial cell division, and 1996-1998 at the John Innes Centre, Norwich, UK, working on Streptomyces developmental biology. (lu.se)
  • Processes like these have evolved from common ancestors of both eukaryotes and prokaryotes, and it becomes increasingly clear that the bacterial versions of these basic cell functions use similar ancestral molecules, for example cytoskeletal proteins, as those used in animal and plant cells. (lu.se)
  • Bacterial lytic polysaccharide monooxygenases (LPMOs) are known to oxidize the most abundant and recalcitrant polymers in Nature, namely cellulose and chitin. (nature.com)
  • LPMO action makes the polysaccharide substrate more susceptible to the action of GHs, thus increasing the overall efficiency of the polysaccharide degradation process. (nature.com)
  • Age estimates based on bacterial decay rates are qualitative or semi-quantitative at best. (creation.com)
  • No effect on taste and can even improve product quality due to lower processing temperature. (dsm.com)