Processes cell polarity. Medical search. Frequent questions

Acts upstream of or within establishment of planar polarity and non-motile cilium assembly. (nih.gov)
instead, our findings strongly suggest that Pins planar polarity and force generated from mesoderm invagination are important. (elifesciences.org)
We found that disrupting forces through chemical inhibitors, depletion of an adherens junction protein, or blocking mesoderm invagination disrupted Pins planar polarity and spindle orientation. (elifesciences.org)

Indeed, a common feature of epithelial dysfunction is the loss of polarity. (hindawi.com)
Most tumors originate in the epithelial tissue and loss of polarity is a common occurrence in tumor progression. (pasteur.fr)
I found that a loss of polarity correlated with a loss of polarized microtubule stability in neurons defective for SAD A and SAD B kinases. (uni-muenchen.de)
Over-expression of miR-183-5p or miR-492 triggers invasion and proliferation and loss of polarity in non-neoplastic breast epithelium. (cdc.gov)

In the rough endoplasmic reticulum of these cells, enamel proteins are released into the surrounding area and contribute to what is known as the enamel matrix, which is then partially mineralized by the enzyme alkaline phosphatase. (wikipedia.org)
Proteins used for the mineralization process compose most of the material transported into the matrix, importantly amelogenins, ameloblastins, enamelins, and tuftelins. (wikipedia.org)
An image of a developing leaf from an Arabidopsis plant that has been modified to express fluorescent proteins marking the cell boundaries (black) and a polarity protein (magenta). (stanford.edu)
Researchers in the lab of Dominique Bergmann , the Shirley R. and Leonard W. Ely, Jr. Professorship in the School of Humanities and Sciences professor of biology, began this work by investigating polarity complexes - little clusters of proteins that are critical in each cell to build leaves of the proper size and shape. (stanford.edu)
Stem cells use these polarity proteins to decide where to divide,' " said Muroyama. (stanford.edu)
We knew those proteins were involved in division, but we didn't know how they controlled the process at the molecular level. (stanford.edu)
To investigate how these proteins work, the team developed plant cell lines that expressed fluorescent versions of polarity complex and cytoskeletal proteins, then spent hundreds of hours in a dark room, tracking the glowing proteins' movements while cells grew, divided, and repeated. (stanford.edu)
Here, I am suggesting that a) the PCP proteins Vangl and Prickle instruct mitochondria to produce ATP or other high-energy compounds, and b) such process is relevant for cell migration on the example of the Xenopus model organism and mammalian cell migration. (muni.cz)
Membrane trafficking defects caused by mutation in OCRL may explain renal tubular defects observed in Lowe syndrome, including the inability of proximal tubular cells (PTC) to reabsorb low-molecular weight (LMW) proteins and other solutes such as phosphorus and bicarbonate from the glomerular filtrate. (medscape.com)
183:1129-1143) provide new insights into how Cdc42 and Par proteins work together to modulate cell adhesion and polarity during embryonic morphogenesis by regulating the traffic of key cell junction proteins. (rupress.org)
In its GTP-bound form, Cdc42 binds several effectors that help direct polarized cell growth: repolarizing actin and microtubules, directing polarized exocytosis via this reoriented cytoskeleton and by direct contact with exocytic machinery, and recruiting proteins such as septins that form a boundary restricting the region of cell growth. (rupress.org)
Par proteins, like Cdc42, play conserved roles in cell polarity in many contexts, from early embryos to epithelial apical-basal polarity ( Goldstein and Macara, 2007 ). (rupress.org)
The 26S subgenomic mRNA is translated to produce the polyprotein from which E1, E2, and C structural proteins are processed. (cdc.gov)
We will examine the role of proteins in achieving functional cell polarity compatible with efficient motility and response to directional cues, using unique techniques and analysis tools in the context of the living organism. (europa.eu)
The precise function of the identified proteins will be determined by combining mathematical tools aimed at quantitatively gauging the role of the molecules in conferring proper cell shape, biophysical methods aimed at measuring forces, rigidity and cytoplasm flow and determination of the effect on the organization of relevant structures using cryo electron tomography. (europa.eu)
The establishment and maintenance of polarity is organized by a diverse set of polarity proteins that include transmembrane adhesion proteins, cytoskeletal scaffold proteins, and kinases. (uni-koeln.de)
Although polarity proteins have been extensively studied in cell culture and in vivo in simple epithelia of lower organisms, their role in mammalian tissue biology is only slowly evolving. (uni-koeln.de)
Introduction The plasma membrane is usually a highly dynamic Fonadelpar environment, which constantly exchanges lipids and proteins with intracellular compartments through exocytic and endocytic processes. (fabretp.org)
Our results further suggest that the recycling supported by flotillin-positive endosomes provides a crucial contribution to T cell activation by regulating the nanoscale business of TCR at the immunological synapse and promoting phosphorylation of signaling proteins, and the nuclear import of transcription factors. (fabretp.org)
Results T cell activation promotes T cell receptor complex subunit (TCR) but not Lck internalization Internalization of T cell receptors and associated signaling proteins has been measured predominantly Fonadelpar by flow cytometry, which involves bulk measurements and provides no access to the dynamics of vesicle generation or movement. (fabretp.org)
Processes like these have evolved from common ancestors of both eukaryotes and prokaryotes, and it becomes increasingly clear that the bacterial versions of these basic cell functions use similar ancestral molecules, for example cytoskeletal proteins, as those used in animal and plant cells. (lu.se)

One major line of research on the process of carcinogenesis lies in understanding the mechanisms underpinning the establishment of polarity. (pasteur.fr)
Thus, we examined epithelial polarity establishment during early Drosophila development. (rupress.org)
Thus, Baz acts upstream of AJs during epithelial polarity establishment. (rupress.org)
During neuronal development, the formation of the axon is the initial step in breaking cellular symmetry and the establishment of neuronal polarity. (uni-muenchen.de)
Furthermore, the course covers the most important processes in early embryo development, such as fertilisation, cell division, establishment of position information, polarity and asymmetries, and formation of body axes and gastrulation as preconditions for extremity development, regeneration and formation of the body's most important organs. (lu.se)

A message is sent from the newly differentiated odontoblasts to the inner enamel epithelium (IEE) that causes epithelial cells to further differentiate into active secretory ameloblasts. (wikipedia.org)
This prerequisite is an example of the biological concept known as reciprocal induction, in this instance between mesenchymal and epithelial cells. (wikipedia.org)
Polarized epithelial cells compartmentalize tissue cavities and are often exposed to inflammatory challenges such as toxics or infections in non-lymphoid tissues. (hindawi.com)
We also discuss recent findings showing that the loss of apicobasal polarity increases leukocyte adhesion to epithelial cells and the consequences that this could have for the inflammatory response towards damaged, infected or transformed epithelial cells. (hindawi.com)
These areas are often made up of polarized parenchymal epithelial cells that form barriers to compartmentalize functions in cavities of the liver, intestine or lungs (Figure 1 ). (hindawi.com)
Throughout, the focus is on epithelial cells and how polarity mechanisms facilitate the development of their apical and basolateral surfaces, tube formation (e.g., in blood vessel development), exchange of waste and nutrients, and the generation and maintenance of specialized structures at the cell surface (e.g., cilia). (cshlpress.com)
These roles are possible since epithelial cells are non-symmetrical and organized into two opposite poles. (pasteur.fr)
EMT is an embryologically conserved genetic program by which epithelial cells down regulate intercellular tight junctions, loose polarity, express mesenchymal markers, and manifest a migratory phenotype [ 1 ]. (intechopen.com)
Contact inhibition is the process by which cells separate, but many other cells types, such as epithelial cells, stay together and make stable contacts. (biologists.com)

Furthermore, we show that the ligands Wnt5a/b are upstream regulators of the non-canonical signature and moreover regulate proliferation of cancer cells in a β-catenin-independent manner. (nature.com)
Our experiments indicate that colon cancer cells are dependent on both β-catenin-dependent and -independent Wnt signaling routes for growth and proliferation. (nature.com)
The coordination of cell proliferation and cell fate determination is critical during development but the mechanisms through which this is accomplished are unclear. (cipsm.de)
The master kinase LKB1 is a key regulator of several cellular processes, including cell proliferation, cell polarity and cellular metabolism. (sdbonline.org)
Materials and Methods: The suppression effects of propofol on the proliferation and invasion of cervical cancer cells were analyzed by Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8), colony formation and Transwell invasion assay. (aging-us.com)
In colorectal cancer, propofol inhibits cancer cells proliferation and metastasis by regulating miR-124-3p.1/AKT3 [ 13 ]. (aging-us.com)

Wnt signaling pathways control a wide range of processes during embryonic development and tissue homeostasis. (nature.com)
The regulation of cell migration is central in pattern formation, homeostasis and disease. (europa.eu)
This article will address the importance of polarizing processes and their molecular regulators in epidermal morphogenesis and homeostasis and discuss how alterations in polarity may contribute to skin disease. (uni-koeln.de)

To use the proper terminology, they are organized with an apical pole and basolateral pole ('apical-basal' polarity). (pasteur.fr)
Using a 3D in vitro polarity model, scientists have demonstrated full polarity inversion in renal cells deprived of Rab35, whereby the apical domain switches places with the basolateral domain. (pasteur.fr)
These structures maintain apical Baz, accumulate apical Crumbs, and organize polarized cytoskeletons, but display abnormal cell morphology and fail to segregate the basolateral cue Discs large from the apical domain. (rupress.org)
Thus, although epithelial polarity develops in the absence of AJs, AJs play specific roles in maintaining epithelial architecture and segregating basolateral cues. (rupress.org)
AJs localize to the boundary between the apical and basolateral domains, and are thought to be critical landmarks for establishing epithelial polarity ( Nelson, 2003 ). (rupress.org)
Polarized recycling is especially critical for cell migration4, cell cytokinesis5, the basolateral polarity of epithelial cells3, and T cell activation6,7. (fabretp.org)

The current study-'Dystroglycan down-regulation links EGFR signaling and anterior-posterior polarity formation in the Drosophila oocyte'-relied heavily on the state-of-the-art laser confocal microscope in FSU's Biological Science Imaging Resource facility. (fsu.edu)
We find that formation of a global anterior-posterior polarity in the spider embryo relies on Hh signaling and that this Hh signaling controls segmentation dynamics and diversity in the field via a specific transcription factor gene. (cam.ac.uk)

Contributors discuss how cells coordinate signaling pathways, membrane trafficking, and cytoskeletal remodeling to ensure proper spatial arrangement of cellular components. (cshlpress.com)
Just after joining the FSU faculty in 2004, Deng led a Drosophila oogenesis study that revealed mechanisms of cell-to-cell signaling along other key pathways. (fsu.edu)

Here, we reconstructed Par-dependent polarity using non-polarized Drosophila S2 cells expressing all three components endogenously in the cytoplasm. (elifesciences.org)
We used Drosophila Schneider cells (S2 cells) of mesodermal origin, as host cells for cell-autonomous reconstruction of cell polarity ( Schneider, 1972 ). (elifesciences.org)
Adherens junctions (AJs) are thought to be key landmarks for establishing epithelial cell polarity, but the origin of epithelial polarity in Drosophila remains unclear. (rupress.org)
We found apical accumulation of both Drosophila E-Cadherin (DE-Cad) and the apical cue Bazooka (Baz) as cells first form. (rupress.org)
Here, we identify Pins-mediated planar cell polarized divisions in several of the mitotic domains of the early Drosophila embryo. (elifesciences.org)
To understand the role of autophagy in the pathogenesis of glial tumors in vivo, an established Drosophila melanogaster model of glioma was used based on overexpression in larval glial cells of an active human EGFR and of the PI3K homolog Pi3K92E /Dp110. (sdbonline.org)
That's because many of the genes involved in the cell-to-cell communication that triggers the development of cell polarity in Drosophila oocytes (unfertilized fruit fly eggs) also are known players in the pathogenesis of those diseases. (fsu.edu)
Such a discovery in the biological model provided by Drosophila oocytes has broad implications in humans, where, for example, neurons in the brain are designed, or polarized, to interpret information from the sense organs, and intestinal cells are polarized to take up nutrients and move them into the bloodstream,' he said. (fsu.edu)
Poulton explained that in order to ensure cell polarity in the Drosophila oocyte, the cells surrounding it activate a classic signaling pathway known as the Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) in a process that is also essential to development in humans and a wide range of other organisms. (fsu.edu)
One of the conserved traits of arthropod embryonic development is striped expression of homologs of Drosophila segment polarity genes, including hedgehog (hh), which is the outcome of segmentation. (cam.ac.uk)

This polarization facilitates processes such as differentiation and morphogenesis, directional cell migration, nerve impulse transmission, and transport of molecules across tissues. (cshlpress.com)
The authors also describe the polarity mechanisms involved in collective cell migration, a phenomenon seen during morphogenesis and cancer metastasis. (cshlpress.com)
Cell migration plays a central role in both vertebrate morphogenesis and pathogenic conditions (such as metastatic cells in cancer), and requires energy that is provided by mitochondria, e.g., in the form of ATP. (muni.cz)
Many cellular processes such as cytokinesis, transcytosis, morphogenesis, or synaptic transmission rely on recycling2. (fabretp.org)

Independent experiments confirmed several target genes, including PLOD2 , HADH , LCOR and REEP1 as non-canonical target genes in various colon cancer cells. (nature.com)
The GTPase Cdc42 was among the original genes identified with roles in cell polarity, and interest in its cellular roles from yeast to humans remains high. (rupress.org)
Genes required for degradation of and growth on the carbon source pectin were down-regulated, whereas transcripts involved in redox processes were up-regulated. (frontiersin.org)
We proved this by observing that mutated forms of genes in the EGFR pathway of cells surrounding the oocyte led to abnormally high levels of Dystroglycan protein, which in turn disrupted oocyte polarity. (fsu.edu)

Relevant cellular processes include the regulation of. (wur.nl)
1. Describe the regulation of key cellular processes such as the formation and maintenance of epithelial cell polarity and the regulation of cell migration. (bath.ac.uk)

Particular attention has been paid to elucidating how leukocytes can migrate through the stroma, the way these cells remodel their morphology and sense cues that guide them towards dysfunctional tissue areas. (hindawi.com)
Nearly twenty years ago Cdc42 was recognized as an essential link between polarity cues and the machinery that generates cell polarity ( Bender and Pringle, 1989 ). (rupress.org)

Here we review evidence showing that apicobasal polarity regulates the inflammatory response: various polarized epithelia asymmetrically secrete chemotactic mediators and polarize adhesion receptors that dictate the route of leukocyte migration within the parenchyma. (hindawi.com)
On the other hand, these barriers contain damaged or infected cells that are part of the inflammatory focus and the endpoint of the leukocyte migratory journey, so some sort of footprint, which is not completely understood, must exist in these cells to promote a preferential adhesion with infiltrated leukocytes. (hindawi.com)
At the core of AJs, cadherins mediate cell-cell adhesion through Ca 2+ -dependent homophilic interactions between their extracellular domains. (rupress.org)

This work therefore describes a new mechanism enabling normal polarity to be established. (pasteur.fr)
However, even with the mutated EGFR pathway gene, we were able to restore normal polarity by turning Dystroglycan off artificially,' he said. (fsu.edu)

So far, most of the in vivo and in vitro approaches to study leukocyte migration across the tissue parenchyma have addressed the role of each single tissue barrier that immune cells encounter in their journey to the inflammatory focus. (hindawi.com)
We believe that successfully combining our current knowledge about leukocyte extravasation, three-dimensional migration through the stroma and the sequential interactions with parenchymal cell barriers, which include adopting unified experimental models, will help shed light on the entire migratory route of each immune cell type and on the specificity of the innate inflammatory responses in each type of tissue. (hindawi.com)
Downregulation of exocyst Sec10 accelerates kidney tubule cell recovery through enhanced cell migration. (nih.gov)
In this project, I and my research team will investigate the physical and functional crosstalk between WNT/Planar Cell Polarity (PCP) and mitochondrial signalling during cell migration. (muni.cz)
There is accumulating evidence that cell migration is directed by PCP, a fundamental property of cells in multicellular organisms providing directional and positional information. (muni.cz)
Currently, whether and how PCP is interconnected with mitochondrial signalling, and whether migrating cells can obtain energy via PCP signalling necessary for cell migration, remains unknown. (muni.cz)
More importantly, we largely lack insight into bioenergetic processes underlying the preparation of a cell for its subsequent migration. (muni.cz)
Confirming this central hypothesis would be a breakthrough discovery illuminating the guiding principle and logic of cell migration. (muni.cz)
Studies in zebrafish demonstrated defects in cell migration, cell spreading, and primary cilia assembly in the presence of mutant OCRL1. (medscape.com)
Formation and maintenance of epithelial cell polarity, epithelial to mesenchymal transition, cell migration. (bath.ac.uk)
In view of the dynamic nature of these processes, we have chosen to utilize the migration of Primoridal Germ Cells (PGCs) in zebrafish - a model that offers unique experimental advantages for imaging and experimental manipulations. (europa.eu)
The proposed work involves both the functional analysis of previously identified candidates and the identification of molecules, which have a presently unknown effect on the migration process. (europa.eu)
Together, this approach would provide a non-conventional understanding of cell migration by correlating structural, morphological and dynamic cellular properties with the ability of cells to effectively migrate towards their target. (europa.eu)
Metastatic recurrence is a leading cause of cancer-associated death, and cancer cell migration is the initial step among the metastatic process. (aging-us.com)
Cells that are unable to make contacts with other cells cannot interact properly with their environment, so in vivo this does not favour migration. (biologists.com)
Our paper showed that there are other changes in the way cells form protrusions and interact with their environment that lead to scattering and active migration, rather than just the cell-cell contact itself. (biologists.com)

They also discovered that the location of the apical domain is dependent on a direct link between Rab35 and another apical protein, Podocalyxin, which is already known to control polarity and is involved in tumor progression. (pasteur.fr)
This technology allowed the authors to study protein dynamics within the stem cells of living plants. (stanford.edu)
The movie shows the interactions between a polarity protein, BASL (magenta), and microtubules (black). (stanford.edu)
This includes gene, protein and metabolic networks, cellular architecture and intracellular dynamics, cell communication and motility, cell division and differentiation, tissue formation and organogenesis, tissue and organ functions, changes in population characteristics as a consequence of interaction of organisms with their physical environment, with individuals of their own species, and with organisms of other species. (nih.gov)
In symmetric epithelial cell divisions, spindle orientation also depends on Pins, which is recruited to the lateral cortex by the lateral domain protein, Discs large (Dlg). (elifesciences.org)
Cell polarity in the unfertilized fruit-fly egg requires cell-to-cell signaling to regulate key protein levels and location in the developing egg chamber. (fsu.edu)
Our study shows that EGFR activation in the cells surrounding the fruit fly oocyte acts to turn off a gene known as Dystroglycan, halting production of its protein. (fsu.edu)
Several Rab GTPases6, the intraflagellar transport system protein IFT207,20 and sorting nexin 1721 have been reported to bring TCR back to the cell surface. (fabretp.org)
The membrane organizing protein Rabbit Polyclonal to VAV1 flotillins have been reported to define Fonadelpar a clathrin-independent endocytic route22,23 and support the recycling of cell surface proteins24C26. (fabretp.org)

Development of new or improved laboratory/experimental techniques, instruments, or supporting software that measure the location and dynamics of molecules in situ, and organelles, cells, or tissues on the nanometer and micrometer length scales. (nih.gov)
Abercrombie and his colleague Heaysman observed that contact inhibition was related with the ability of malignant cells to invade other tissues. (biologists.com)
Plant development is characterized by a profound phenotypic plasticity that often involves redefining of the developmental fate and polar, of cells within (differentiated tissues. (boku.ac.at)
Finally, there is a discussion about the mechanisms behind the self-renewal and differentiation of stem cells and the role of stem cells in renewal of the body's tissues. (lu.se)

The Membrane Traffic and Cell Division Laboratory, directed at the Institut Pasteur by Arnaud Echard (Institut Pasteur/CNRS UMR 3691), is looking into apical-basal polarity acquisition mechanisms during cell division when organs are being formed. (pasteur.fr)
1) Membrane Traffic and Cell Division Lab, Cell Biology and Infection Department, Institut Pasteur, 25-28 rue du Dr Roux, 75724 Paris, France. (pasteur.fr)
Spectral imaging with polarity-sensitive fluorescent probes enables the quantification of cell and model membrane physical properties, including local hydration, fluidity, and lateral lipid packing, usually characterized by the generalized polarization (GP) parameter. (nih.gov)
The Spectral Imaging Toolbox is a powerful tool for the segmentation and processing of large spectral imaging datasets with a reliable method for membrane segmentation and no ability in programming required. (nih.gov)
Electrodialysis(ED) is a DC voltage-driven membrane process. (fujifilm.com)
ED and EDR are processes in which ions move through a semi-permeable membrane under the influence of an electrical current. (fujifilm.com)
Recycling earnings endocytosed receptors to the plasma membrane and by doing so controls their level of surface expression and consequently the sensitivity of the cell to extracellular stimuli. (fabretp.org)
Targeted endocytic recycling to functionally distinct areas of the plasma membrane is one of the main mechanisms through which polarized cells generate and maintain a spatially distinct distribution of membrane proteins2,3. (fabretp.org)
Despite their essential contribution to T cell activation, cellular mechanisms that coordinate internalization of surface receptors with sustained delivery Fonadelpar to the plasma membrane remain incompletely comprehended. (fabretp.org)
from the plasma membrane to endosomes and back at the cell surface. (fabretp.org)
Jurkat T cells expressing TCR or Lck fused to a photoactivatable mCherry (PA-mCherry) were deposited on non-activating (poly-l-lysine) or activating (antibodies against CD3 and CD28) cover glasses and imaged between 10 and 40?min after initial surface contact on a confocal microscope at 37?C. Restricted areas of the plasma membrane were briefly illuminated with 405?nm light. (fabretp.org)
During the initial upstroke of action potential in a normal cardiac cell, a rapid net influx of positive ions (Na + and Ca ++ ) occurs, which results in the depolarization of the cell membrane. (medscape.com)

The polarity of the epidermis is, for example, reflected in controlled changes in cell shape that accompany differentiation, oriented cell division, and the planar orientation of hair follicles and cilia. (uni-koeln.de)
Recent advances in live imaging and genetics of mammalian division, movement and cell differentiation leading to development which integrate observations of biochemical tissue formation [14 ]. (lu.se)
The wider question that we want to understand is how molecules of a cell govern such essential and complex functions like cell division, cell polarity, determination of cell shape, and cell differentiation. (lu.se)
Thus, these organisms are of a huge industrial and medical importance, and an improved understanding of their biology, growth habits, regulatory mechanisms, and cell differentiation will greatly facilitate the exploration of streptomycetes in various industrial and biotechnological applications. (lu.se)

Note how microtubules can grow into the polarized region but rapidly shrink back, creating a microtubule-depleted zone within the plant cell. (stanford.edu)
Through a series of rigorous experiments, the researchers concluded that the polarity complex was pushing away the microtubules that would otherwise enable the construction of the wall. (stanford.edu)
The polarity complex was like, 'If any of you microtubules try to encroach on my region, I'm going to force you away. (stanford.edu)
In line with my previous observations I found that microtubules are stabilized along the shaft of the growing axons while dynamic microtubules enrich at the tip of the growing process, suggesting that a well- balanced shift of microtubule dynamics towards more stable microtubules is necessary to induce axon formation. (uni-muenchen.de)
I therefore deduce that microtubules are actively involved in the process of axon formation and that local microtubule stabilization in one neuronal process is a physiological signal specifying neuronal polarization. (uni-muenchen.de)

Cdc42 also affects other aspects of cell polarity, including microtubule dynamics, centrosome positioning, and Golgi reorientation. (rupress.org)

Compared to the endothelium, the molecular mechanisms involved in the interaction of infiltrated or tissue-resident immune cells with parenchymal barriers have not been so extensively studied. (hindawi.com)
Written and edited by experts in the field, this collection from Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Biology reviews our understanding of the molecular mechanisms involved in establishing and maintaining cell polarity, as well as their relevance for human disorders. (cshlpress.com)
The proposed research is aimed at investigating the molecular basis for cell motility and the associated polarization of the cell. (europa.eu)
After positions at the Max Planck Institute for Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics in Dresden, Germany, University College London and the Francis Crick Institute in the UK, Andy Oates recently joined École Polytechnique Fédéral de Lausanne (EPFL) in Switzerland where he is the head of the Timing, Oscillation, Patterns Laboratory. (ens-lyon.fr)
In a landmark study, biologists at Florida State University have uncovered a specific genetic and molecular mechanism that causes cell polarity-the asymmetric shape or composition critical to a cell's proper functioning. (fsu.edu)
In 2008 Roberto's lab published a paper about contact inhibition of locomotion, showing that this process is required for neural crest directionality, and hinting at the molecular mechanism behind it. (biologists.com)
For a researcher armed with the powerful tools of genetics and molecular biology, the simple bacterial cells provide great experimental systems for investigating fundamental functions of a living cell. (lu.se)

PCC 6803 exhibits a cell polarity in response to unidirectional illumination and that micro-optic properties of cyanobacterial cells are the basis of their directional light sensing. (nih.gov)
The plant hormone auxin and its directional intercellular transport play a major role in these processes because they provide positional information and link cell polarity With tissue patterning. (boku.ac.at)

Plant and animal stem cells both rely on the cytoskeleton to divide properly, but a new Stanford study finds that they use them in opposite ways - while animal cells pull on the cytoskeleton, plant cells push it away. (stanford.edu)
Animal stem cells use the cytoskeleton - a transient network of structural tubules - to physically pull the correct materials from the parent cell into each daughter cell during the split. (stanford.edu)
Plants also have stem cells that need to distribute different materials to each of their daughters, but earlier studies seem to have ruled out an "animal-style" cytoskeleton to accomplish this task. (stanford.edu)
In a new study published July 6 in Science , researchers at Stanford University found that plant cells also use the cytoskeleton. (stanford.edu)
Instead of pulling on the cytoskeleton, like animal stem cells, the plant cells they studied actually pushed it away. (stanford.edu)

Cold Spring Harbor, NY -- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press (CSHLP) announced the release of The Digital Cell: Cell Biology as a Data Science, available on its website in hardcover format. (cshlpress.com)
On completion of the course, the students shall be able to · reflect on societal opportunities and consequences arising from developmental biology research and knowledge, and discuss these with individuals in the same education cycle · reflect on current scientific challenges and ethical issues in developmental and stem cell biology research and how this influences society in general. (lu.se)
The whole course is based on five week-long modules on selected subjects related to issues concerning developmental biology and stem cells. (lu.se)
1994-1996 at Centro de Investigaciones Biologicas in Madrid where I worked on bacterial cell division, and 1996-1998 at the John Innes Centre, Norwich, UK, working on Streptomyces developmental biology. (lu.se)
The main focus of my research is on cell and developmental biology of bacteria. (lu.se)

AGEs-Induced IL-6 Synthesis Precedes RAGE Up-Regulation in HEK 293 Cells: An Alternative Inflammatory Mechanism? (mdpi.com)
The internalization mechanism has been suggested to involve a cooperative process initiated by the self-aggregation of RRPs adsorbed onto the plasma membrane1. (lu.se)

Cdc42-dependent actin polymerization can drive cell shape change, formation of filopodia, or organelle motility. (rupress.org)
The fact that molecules facilitating the motility of zebrafish PGCs are evolutionary conserved and the finding that the cells are directed by chemokines, molecules that control a wide range of cell trafficking events in vertebrates, make this in vivo study of particular importance. (europa.eu)
The ability of cadherins to recruit the cadherin complex or the actin complex is very similar, but there is a difference in their ability to polarise the activity of small GTPases, polarising the motility of the cells. (biologists.com)

By manipulating specific regulators of neuronal polarity, SAD kinases and GSK-3beta, I analyzed a possible relation between a polarization of microtubule stability and neuronal polarity. (uni-muenchen.de)

This gene, which encodes a member of the serine/threonine kinase family, regulates cell polarity and functions as a tumor suppressor. (cancerindex.org)

A growing body of evidence has identified that epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) plays pivotal parts in cancer cell metastatic dissemination via endowing them with a more migrate and invasive trait [ 4 ]. (aging-us.com)
We wanted to understand better the nature of mesenchymal cell-cell interactions. (biologists.com)
Are mesenchymal cell-cell interactions like contact inhibition intrinsically different because cells are unable to form a junction, or is there something in the junction itself that changes the behaviour of the cells? (biologists.com)

To describe how defects in the regulation of these process contribute to the metastatic behaviour of cancer cells. (bath.ac.uk)
2. Explain how defects in the normal regulation these process might contribute to metastatic behaviour. (bath.ac.uk)

In blue are the primary cilia ("antennae") leaving the cells via their apical poles. (pasteur.fr)

Although a number of polarity regulators involved in this process have been identified, our understanding of the intracellular mechanisms underlying neuronal polarization still remains fragmentary. (uni-muenchen.de)
In summary, my data allow the following conclusions: 1) Microtubule stability correlates with the identity of a neuronal process. (uni-muenchen.de)

Aging is an inevitable process influenced by genetics, lifestyles, and environments. (frontiersin.org)

The finding that gastrulation-induced forces are required for asymmetric localization of an important and evolutionarily conserved spindle orientation factor, Pins, will be of broad interest to cell and developmental biologists. (elifesciences.org)

During gastrulation the absence of AJs results in widespread cell dissociation and depolarization. (rupress.org)

Most animal cells are polarized, with structurally and functionally distinct regions. (cshlpress.com)
Neurons are highly polarized cells with two structurally and functionally distinct compartments, axons and dendrites. (uni-muenchen.de)

Cellular polarization is fundamental for various biological processes. (elifesciences.org)
However, the general dynamic processes that occur during polarization are not well understood. (elifesciences.org)
Polarization is a fundamental cellular property that plays a vital role in various biological processes in multi-cellular as well as single-cell organisms. (elifesciences.org)
Cell polarization involving the Par-complex in situ is linked to various other processes. (elifesciences.org)
Because of such association between Par-dependent polarization and other processes, the Par-complex exhibits different behavioral characteristics in an individual context, making it difficult to determine general features of the dynamic process taking place during cell polarization by the Par-complex. (elifesciences.org)
To understand the general and dynamic characteristics of the cell polarization process induced by the Par-complex, we attempted to reconstruct Par-complex-dependent cell polarization system in a cell-autonomous manner using non-polar cells. (elifesciences.org)

Indeed, loss of epithelial cell polarity is associated with tumor development and metastasis. (rupress.org)
The anti-cancer impact of propofol on cervical cancer cells growth in vivo was determined by means of xenograft tumor model and lung metastasis model. (aging-us.com)
Prior studies have suggested that propofol (2, 6-diisopropylphenol), one of the most extensively used intravenous anesthetic agents during cancer surgical excision, influences the biological behaviors of cancer cell, including growth, invasiveness, and metastasis [ 10 , 11 ]. (aging-us.com)

Disrupting Pins polarity via overexpression of a myristoylated version of Pins caused randomized division angles. (elifesciences.org)

Endocytic recycling plays a fundamental role in T cell activation7,10C14, fine-tuning levels of T cell receptor (TCR) and effectors available for signaling, spatially organizing the immunological synapse15, 16 and directly contributing to signaling17C19. (fabretp.org)
The model organisms that we use, Gram-positive bacteria of the genus Streptomyces , provide unique possibilities to study some of these fundamental functions, and show several intriguing parallels to the corresponding processes in eukaryotic cells. (lu.se)

One of our projects aims at investigating bacterial cell division as an antibiotic target. (lu.se)

Every time a stem cell divides, one daughter cell remains a stem cell while the other takes off on its own developmental journey. (stanford.edu)
This research could lead to applications where stem cell behavior could be tuned, for example, to alter plant architecture, or to help plants adjust to a changing climate," said Muroyama. (stanford.edu)
The evolution of pluripotent stem cell-derived retinal organoids (ROs) has brought remarkable opportunities for developmental studies while also presenting new therapeutic avenues for retinal diseases. (springeropen.com)
and stem cell regeneration. (lu.se)

Individual oscillating cells are synchronized with their neighbors, forming a coherent wave pattern of gene expression. (ens-lyon.fr)

The existing tools for spectral image processing, however, are insufficient for processing the large data sets afforded by this technological advancement, and are unsuitable for processing images acquired with rapidly internalized fluorescent probes. (nih.gov)

Asymmetric cell divisions, in which cellular components, such as existing adherens junctions, are distributed unequally to daughter cells can result in one daughter cell leaving the epithelium. (elifesciences.org)

Here, we aimed at identifying a β-catenin-independent Wnt target gene signature in order to understand the functional significance of non-canonical signaling in colon cancer cells. (nature.com)

In recognition of groundbreaking work to-date by the FSU scientists-and to further the understanding of the mechanisms involved in cell-cell communication leading to oocyte polarity-the National Institutes of Health have awarded Deng a highly competitive 'R01' (Research Project Grant) for health-related research and development. (fsu.edu)

Acts upstream of with a negative effect on epithelial cell apoptotic process. (nih.gov)

Conditional Loss of the Exocyst Component Exoc5 in Retinal Pigment Epithelium (RPE) Results in RPE Dysfunction, Photoreceptor Cell Degeneration, and Decreased Visual Function. (nih.gov)

Polarity complexes help dividing leaf stem cells orient themselves. (stanford.edu)

The aging process can be divided into two categories: physiological and pathological aging. (frontiersin.org)
Since these two types are practically difficult to distinguish, aging can be referred to as a biological-psychological process during the final stages of individual growth and development, which is the inevitable result of a combination of many pathological, physiological, and psychological processes. (frontiersin.org)

During the inflammatory response, immune cells egress from the circulation and follow a chemotactic and haptotactic gradient within the tissue, interacting with matrix components in the stroma and with parenchymal cells, which guide them towards the sites of inflammation. (hindawi.com)
Leukocyte recruitment into the inflamed parenchyma requires successive interactions with cellular and stromal barriers that establish mechanical, chemotactic and haptotactic gradients to guide immune cells towards the inflammatory focus. (hindawi.com)
Regarding Type 1 diabetes(T1D), animal/islet-cell studies found that GABA promotes insulin secretion, inhibits α-cell glucagon and dampens immune inflammation, while GAD immunization may also preserve β-cells. (nature.com)

These poles constitute distinct, specialized domains that enable the transport of compounds from the cell interior to the external environment and vice versa. (pasteur.fr)
In this talk, we show that the spider Parasteatoda tepidariorum model system offers a cell-based field where the stripe-forming processes exhibit distinct dynamic waves, oscillatory/non-oscillatory traveling waves and bi-/tri-splitting waves, among the presumptive head, thoracic, and opisthosomal (abdominal) regions of the field undergoing axis formation and growth. (cam.ac.uk)

Anatomy39

Organisms15

Diseases3

Chemicals and Drugs71

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment12

Phenomena and Processes38

Disciplines and Occupations1

Information Science4

Planar polarity3

Loss of polarity4

Proteins21

Establishment5

Epithelial cells9

Proliferation6

Homeostasis3

Basolateral6

Anterior-posterior polarity2

Pathways2

Drosophila10

Morphogenesis4

Genes4

Cellular processes2

Cues2

Adhesion3

Normal polarity2

Migration16

Protein9

Tissues4

Membrane12

Differentiation4

Microtubules5

Microtubule dynamics1

Molecular7

Directional2

Cytoskeleton5

Biology5

Mechanism2

Motility3

Kinases1

Regulates cell1

Mesenchymal3

Regulation2

Cilia1

Neuronal2

Genetics1

Localization1

Gastrulation1

Structurally and functionally distinct2

Polarization6

Metastasis3

Overexpression1

Fundamental2

Bacterial1

Stem cell4

Gene expression1

Fluorescent1

Asymmetric cell divisions1

Functional1

Mechanisms involved1

Upstream1

Epithelium1

Complexes1

Physiological2

Immune3

Distinct2