• The pituitary gland is located just below (anterior pituitary) or in (posterior pituitary) the brain. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Summary: Astrocytoma, or pituicytoma, of the posterior pituitary is a relatively rare entity consisting of poorly characterized glial tumor cells. (ajnr.org)
  • We report two cases of posterior pituitary astrocytomas in middle-aged women presenting as focal lesions of the neurohypophysis. (ajnr.org)
  • A review of the literature reveals only a few reports of this tumor, and there has been scanty discussion of the imaging findings of posterior pituitary astrocytomas compared with lesions of the anterior pituitary gland. (ajnr.org)
  • The neurohypophysis, or posterior pituitary, is an inferior extension of the hypothalamus, which descends to lie in close proximity to the anterior pituitary. (ajnr.org)
  • Although the anterior lobe completely loses its connections with the primitive nasopharynx, the posterior lobe maintains its relationship with the hypothalamus throughout life. (ajnr.org)
  • On the basis of these facts, it is understandable that the hypophyseal stalk or posterior pituitary can be a host to all the neoplastic processes that originate from the glial cell series. (ajnr.org)
  • On MR imaging, a posterior pituitary mass, isointense on T1-weighted images (T1WI) and hyperintense on T2-weighted images (T2WI), was identified, without significant involvement of the stalk. (ajnr.org)
  • This histology was interpreted as consistent with a posterior pituitary astrocytoma. (ajnr.org)
  • The anterior and posterior lobes constitute 2 distinct parts of the pituitary gland and have distinct embryologic backgrounds. (ajnr.org)
  • The posterior pituitary, being part of the neurohypophysis, harbors specialized glial cells named "pituicytes. (ajnr.org)
  • The hormones are stored in neurosecretory vesicles (Herring bodies) before being released by the posterior pituitary into the bloodstream. (sabkuchonline.pk)
  • Two hormones stored by posterior pituitary and are secreted by hypothalamus. (sabkuchonline.pk)
  • She also identified which toe relates to the anterior part of the pituitary gland and which relates to the posterior pituitary - which, in fact, differed from what she had been taught when training in the late 1980s. (expectancy.co.uk)
  • The pituitary gland or hypophysis consists of three lobes: anterior, intermediate, and posterior. (sibhost.ru)
  • It's located in the posterior pituitary gland and is highly involved in various physiological processes. (steptohealth.com)
  • The adrenal glands are located at the posterior part of the abdomen. (anatomy.app)
  • The posterior pituitary is controlled by the nervous system. (medscape.com)
  • A Folliculostellate (FS) cell is a type of non-endocrine cell found in the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland. (wikipedia.org)
  • It is a part of the anterior lobe of the human pituitary gland. (knowyourbody.net)
  • The hormones of the anterior lobe exert largely immunostimulatory effects. (sibhost.ru)
  • A rare genetic pituitary disease characterized by variable deficiency of all hormones produced in the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland. (orpha.net)
  • To the anterior side of the right adrenal gland are the inferior vena cava and right lobe of the liver , while posteriorly lies the right crus of the diaphragm. (anatomy.app)
  • Decades of research on this receptor has demonstrated its importance to the modulation of social recognition memory, social forms of aggression, and modulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, particularly under conditions of acute stress. (frontiersin.org)
  • Prolactin promotes mammary gland development and milk production and influences the secretion of estrogen/progesterone. (sabkuchonline.pk)
  • Mammary gland. (steptohealth.com)
  • Chloride works with sodium, potassium, and bicarbonate to control many of your body's processes. (thelabaccess.com)
  • Human Pituitary Glands Human pituitary glands generate hormones that are necessary for the body's metabolic process. (kr94gf.info)
  • The pituitary gland produces the largest number of different hormones and, therefore, has the widest range of effects on the body's functions. (medscape.com)
  • RZT can be used to treat many of the physiological discomforts in pregnancy and is particularly effective in facilitating the onset and progress of labour through stimulation of two pressure points on the big toes which refer to the pituitary gland reflex zones and can therefore initiate oxytocin release to encourage contractions. (expectancy.co.uk)
  • Because the endocrine glands secrete hormones, and the hormones are messengers for actions within the body, if the gland is not functioning properly, hormonal imbalance occurs and the ability to reproduce may be impaired. (nairaland.com)
  • The endocrine system consists of endocrine glands that produce and secrete hormones into the blood stream to reach and act on target cells of specific organs. (medscape.com)
  • The pituitary gland is a central regulator of critical physiological processes such as metabolism, reproduction, growth and the stress response. (kcl.ac.uk)
  • Pituitary Gland: An endocrine gland, about the size of a pea, that sits in a small, bony cavity at the base of the brain whose secretions control the other endocrine glands and influence growth, metabolism, and maturation. (sabkuchonline.pk)
  • Among these changes is at the level of the endocrine system, which includes changes in the level of hormones and changes in the level of some metabolism processes. (eibik.com)
  • GH helps to trigger fat metabolism for energy use in the muscle growth process. (infinitelabs.com)
  • It has been shown to have numerous effects on the body, from its effect on fat and carbohydrate metabolism to its role in the aging process. (optimizerxcorp.com)
  • HGH is vital in helping prevent the aging process, has a positive action on the enhancement of metabolism and increase of the glucose transport. (roidsmall.to)
  • The adrenal glands regulate metabolism, immune system, blood pressure, and even response to stress by synthesizing and secreting steroid hormones in the bloodstream. (anatomy.app)
  • The endocrine system-the other communication system in the body-is made up of endocrine glands that produce hormones, chemical substances released into the bloodstream to guide processes such as metabolism, growth, and sexual development. (medscape.com)
  • The endocrine-FS cell gap junctions, alongside the FS-FS gap junctions form a cell network that allows information about the physiological environment to be transferred around the pituitary to coordinate its secretory function. (wikipedia.org)
  • The anterior pituitary, often called the "master gland," responds to chemical messages from the bloodstream to produce numerous hormones that trigger the action of other endocrine glands. (medscape.com)
  • The imaging study performed before this admission demonstrated a bulky pituitary mass, as well as a bulky stalk with suprasellar extension and attenuated nonhomogenous enhancement. (ajnr.org)
  • They are modified glial cells of empendymal cell lineage located in the neurohypophysis and pituitary stalk. (ajnr.org)
  • It is functionally connected to the hypothalamus by the median eminence via a small tube called the Pituitary Stalk. (sabkuchonline.pk)
  • It wraps the stalk of the pituitary gland within a sheath that is extremely vascularized. (knowyourbody.net)
  • When the estrogen level is high enough, the anterior pituitary gland releases a surge of LH, which triggers ovulation and causes the follicle to rupture and release the egg. (hospitalninojesus.com)
  • Ovulation is the process by which a mature ovarian follicle ruptures and discharges an ovum (oocyte). (jackwestin.com)
  • A spike in the amount of FSH and LH released from the pituitary gland triggers ovulation. (jackwestin.com)
  • For information on therapeutic regulation of gene expression, see therapeutic gene modulation.Regulation of gene expression includes the processes that cells and viruses use to regulate the way that the information in genes is turned into gene products. (absoluteastronomy.com)
  • The 2 suprarenal glands are located above the kidneys. (medscape.com)
  • Whenever anyone talks about weight-loss, the function of hormonal agents is critical in this regard as they assist to increase the fat-burning process. (highgrade-labs.com)
  • The middle potency (30X) works more in the intermediate level functions of our bodies, such as our glands and organs. (theamericanchiropractor.com)
  • The peritoneum covers the glands from the anterior side, making them retroperitoneal organs. (anatomy.app)
  • The gap junctions that exist between adjacent FS cells are used to propagate calcium-mediated signals throughout the pituitary to coordinate the function of excitable endocrine cells distributed throughout the gland. (wikipedia.org)
  • Bromocriptine (Parlodel) - A medication that reduces prolactin levels and treats pituitary tumors. (nordicalagos.org)
  • Prolactin serves as a key player in many life-critical processes, including immune system and reproduction. (uky.edu)
  • The current guideline of the European Society of Endocrinology defines aggressive pituitary adenomas as radiologically invasive tumours with an unusually rapid growth rate and frequent relapses despite the optimal use of standard therapies. (bvsalud.org)
  • Secondary adrenal insufficiency is due to pituitary insufficiency. (labtestsguide.com)
  • Each adrenal gland have two main parts - adrenal cortex and medulla, each producing different hormones. (anatomy.app)
  • As the molecular pathology of pituitary cell development and the process of tumorigenesis in this organ continues to advance, it is recommended that pituitary neuroendocrine tumors(PitNETs)be classified based on three lineage-specific transcription factors(PIT1, Tpit, and SF1). (bvsalud.org)
  • To maintain homeostasis, internal thermoregulatory processes are activated to correct the core temperature. (lemonade-ed.com)
  • Vila-Porcile named these non-endocrine cells "folliculo-stellate" cells in 1972 due to their stellate (star) shape, and their location lining the lumen of small follicules in the anterior pituitary. (wikipedia.org)
  • They have long cytoplasmic processes which interlock to form a mesh, within which the endocrine cells reside. (wikipedia.org)
  • mRNA levels of FS cells has been investigated via laser capture microdissection and RT-PCR, so progress is being made in terms of understanding the expression and function of these non-endocrine cells of the pituitary. (wikipedia.org)
  • Resistance exercise stimulates the release of GH from the anterior pituitary gland, with released levels being very dependent on exercise intensity. (infinitelabs.com)
  • Unlike the majority of cells in the anterior pituitary, they are non-endocrine and agranular. (wikipedia.org)
  • Although rare, craniopharyngiomas constitute up to 80% of tumours in the hypothalamic-pituitary region in childhood. (bvsalud.org)
  • Despite being benign, the close proximity of these tumours to the visual pathways, hypothalamus, and pituitary gland means that both treatment of the tumour and the tumour itself can cause pronounced long-term neuroendocrine morbidity against a background of high overall survival. (bvsalud.org)
  • Anterior pituitary tumours, once considered benign neoplasms, may rarely have aggressive behaviour and can even metastasize. (bvsalud.org)
  • Given the complexity of the central Avp system, as well as the many behaviors Avp is known to affect, this review will focus on the role of Avp signaling via the Avpr1b in the modulation of behaviors such as social memory and aggression as well as the importance of this system to the functioning of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. (frontiersin.org)
  • Through neurotransmission and the Hypothalamus - Pituitary - Adrenal (HPA) axis any stress including infection affects immune functions. (sibhost.ru)
  • A wide range of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-1β, IL-6 TNF-α can activate the HPA axis, and drive immune inflammation, whereas high levels of glucocorticoids lead to the suppression of the immune system and inflammatory processes promoting the production of anti-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-10, TGF-β IL-35. (sibhost.ru)
  • The anterior pituitary, as well as the pars intermedia and pars tuberalis, originates from the primitive stomodeum, which ascends cranially to the sell turcica. (ajnr.org)
  • Adrenal Androgens - Male hormones produced by the adrenal gland that are sometimes elevated in women with PCOS, causing fertility problems. (nordicalagos.org)
  • The release of an oocyte involves structures, including the primordial follicles, and the processes of oogenesis and follicle maturation. (pharmacy180.com)
  • How does the secretory coil portion of the eccrine gland produce primary sweat? (lemonade-ed.com)
  • Each adrenal gland consists of two parts: outer part known as the adrenal cortex , and inner part - adrenal medulla . (anatomy.app)
  • They also differ in their embryonic development, so the adrenal cortex and medulla can actually be considered as two separate endocrine glands. (anatomy.app)
  • The adrenal cortex is the outer part of the adrenal gland, and it is also the largest part. (anatomy.app)
  • It also regulates reproductive processes. (nairaland.com)
  • Hypothalamus: A region of the forebrain located below the thalamus, forming the basal portion of the diencephalon, that regulates body temperature, some metabolic processes, and governs the autonomic nervous system. (sabkuchonline.pk)
  • The pineal gland is a pea-sized gland that apparently responds to exposure to light and regulates activity levels over the course of the day. (medscape.com)