• The concept of the regulation of the internal environment was described by French physiologist Claude Bernard in 1849, and the word homeostasis was coined by Walter Bradford Cannon in 1926. (wikipedia.org)
  • The hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis plays a crucial and integrative role in the mammalian endocrine regulation to maintain homeostasis. (intechopen.com)
  • The goal of this minireview is to provide an update on the regulation of bile acid (BA) homeostasis by the nuclear receptor Farnesoid X receptor (FXR) and the effects on this regulation by exposure to environmental or therapeutic agents. (aspetjournals.org)
  • We also discuss the limitations in consideration of brain temperature within the frameworks of physiological regulation and homeostasis. (nih.gov)
  • Homeostasis is the property of an open system, especially living organisms, to regulate its internal environment to maintain a stable, constant condition, by means of multiple dynamic equilibrium adjustments, controlled by interrelated regulation mechanisms. (dadamo.com)
  • These cells provide several important physiological functions during homeostasis (Figure 1 ). (hindawi.com)
  • The body has a normal tendency toward homeostasis, a state of equilibrium across physiological systems. (vitacost.com)
  • A very high number of different types of blood cells must be generated daily through a process called haematopoiesis in order to meet the physiological requirements of the organism. (lu.se)
  • Anatomic Variation , available until 2013 in the H category - Disciplines and Occupations, H01 subcategory - Anatomy (H01.158.100.045), in 2014 it was moved to the G category - Phenomena and Processes , subcategory, G07 subcategory - Physiological Phenomena. (bvsalud.org)
  • The term cybernetics is applied to technological control systems such as thermostats, which function as homeostatic mechanisms but are often defined much more broadly than the biological term of homeostasis. (wikipedia.org)
  • However, the effects and the mechanisms by which environmental chemicals interact with FXR to affect BA homeostasis are only emerging. (aspetjournals.org)
  • My lab is interested in uncovering these fundamental mechanisms governing Golgi homeostasis using a multifaceted approach combining genetics, flow-cytometry, imaging, in vitro reconstitution, and proteomics. (cornell.edu)
  • When exposed, it produces counter-regulatory mechanisms and processes that attempt to keep the body in balance. (medscape.com)
  • A primary goal of our research is to both exploit and develop tools to understand mitochondrial homeostasis in health and disease. (helsinki.fi)
  • Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of calcium ions within the Golgi apparatus of a cell or between the Golgi and its surroundings. (yeastgenome.org)
  • Vitamin D is essential for active intestinal calcium absorption and plays a central role in maintaining calcium homeostasis and skeletal integrity. (cdc.gov)
  • Serum PTH concentration is a very sensitive indicator of calcium homeostasis and vitamin D deficiency. (cdc.gov)
  • Calcium homeostasis is a complex process involving the following 4 key components: serum calcium, serum phosphate, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D-3, and parathyroid hormone (PTH). (medscape.com)
  • A schematic diagram of calcium homeostasis can be seen below. (medscape.com)
  • Schematic diagram of calcium homeostasis. (medscape.com)
  • RÉSUMÉ Le présent essai clinique randomisé, en double aveugle, contrôlé contre placebo, a évalué l'effet de la supplémentation en zinc sur les taux de zinc et de calcium sériques chez des femmes ostéoporotiques ménopausées. (who.int)
  • Les mesures anthropométriques, l'apport alimentaire en zinc et en calcium, les taux de zinc et de calcium sériques ont été évalués au début de l'étude puis à 60 jours. (who.int)
  • Les concentrations moyennes initiales en zinc sérique étaient nettement inférieures aux valeurs normales, mais les taux de calcium sérique moyens étaient normaux. (who.int)
  • Vitamin D is a lipophilic hormone playing a key role in bone metabolism and calcium homeostasis, [ 1 ] and it is also involved in many other pathological processes [ 2 ] commonly linked with obesity. (medscape.com)
  • Wang Z, Qu YJ, Cui M. Modulation of stem cell fate in intestinal homeostasis, injury and repair. (wjgnet.com)
  • BAs are critical molecules for life, and disruption of BA homeostasis has been closely linked to hepatic, intestinal, and systemic diseases, including cholestasis, fatty liver diseases, and hepatic and colon tumors. (aspetjournals.org)
  • It will extend to the identification and characterization of HIF-2α target genes, with a specific emphasis on their role in modulating the fundamental processes associated with intestinal stemness and tissue renewal. (lu.se)
  • This approach will provide a comprehensive understanding of the potential implications of HIF-2α in intestinal homeostasis. (lu.se)
  • The metabolic processes of all organisms can only take place in very specific physical and chemical environments. (wikipedia.org)
  • Thus even in homeostasis, body temperature, blood pressure, heart rate and most metabolic indicators are not always at a constant level, but vary predictably over time. (dadamo.com)
  • Following their biosynthesis, the (pre)prohormones are processed by tissue-specific prohormone convertases during maturation in the Golgi apparatus. (nature.com)
  • however, the mechanistic basis of how most Golgi proteins are selected for recycling, or how these processes are regulated are poorly understood. (cornell.edu)
  • The combined results of our experiments will elucidate how multiple recycling pathways sustain normal Golgi function, and how this homeostasis is disrupted in human disease. (cornell.edu)
  • The polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) are lipid derivatives of omega-3 (docosahexaenoic acid, DHA, and eicosapentaenoic acid, EPA) or of omega-6 (arachidonic acid, ARA) are synthesized from membrane phospholipids and used as a precursor for endocannabinoids (ECs) mediate significant effects in the fine-tuning adjustment of body homeostasis. (wikipedia.org)
  • In addition, FXR is critical in regulating lipid metabolism and reducing inflammation, processes critical in the development of cholestasis and fatty liver diseases. (aspetjournals.org)
  • Lipid metabolism dysfunction following symbiont elimination is linked to altered Kennedy pathway homeostasis. (bvsalud.org)
  • A more tissue-centric view of these processes, claiming that the tissues define phenotype and function of resident and infiltrating immune cells to meet tissues needs during homeostasis and disease, seems provocative [ 4 , 5 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • Autophagy is an important cell biological mechanism in maintaining the homeostasis of tissues and cells, resisting the process of EMT. (ijbs.com)
  • This process is essential for normal growth and homeostasis of tissues. (medscape.com)
  • Translation of mRNA into proteins is a central process in gene expression. (europa.eu)
  • Our results reveal a function of HSF proteins in regulating mtROS homeostasis that is independent of the unfolded protein response. (lu.se)
  • They are involved in the process of translation, where genetic information from the DNA is used to synthesize proteins. (proprofs.com)
  • Ribosomes can be found in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells and play a crucial role in maintaining proper cellular functioning by ensuring the production of proteins needed for various cellular processes. (proprofs.com)
  • EMC3 was essential for the processing and routing of surfactant proteins, SP-B and SP-C, and the biogenesis of the phospholipid transport protein ABCA3. (nih.gov)
  • The self-renewal capacity, the balance of proliferation and differentiation are tightly controlled in the process of epithelial repair and regeneration. (wjgnet.com)
  • Zn homeostasis is tightly regulated by Zn transporters that coordinate biological processes through Zn mobilization. (cdc.gov)
  • Diabetes develops when there is a disruption of energy homeostasis and the form of the disease depends on how the imbalance occurs. (stratech.co.uk)
  • This creates a situation of "metastability", in which homeostatic conditions are maintained within fixed limits, but once these limits are exceeded, the system can shift wildly to a wholly new (and possibly less desirable) situation of homeostasis. (dadamo.com)
  • A tissue-centric view assumes that changing tissue microenvironments shape the phenotypes of their resident and infiltrating mononuclear phagocytes to fulfill the tissue's need to maintain or regain homeostasis. (hindawi.com)
  • Thus, organ- and disease phase-specific microenvironments determine macrophage and dendritic cell heterogeneity in a temporal and spatial manner, which assures their support to maintain and regain homeostasis in whatever condition. (hindawi.com)
  • We examine tissue needs to maintain homeostasis and how to regain homeostasis upon tissue injury. (hindawi.com)
  • Explain 5 examples of how increasing or decreasing surface area aids the body to maintain homeostasis. (wizedu.com)
  • Supporting homeostasis is essential for health, but stress can hinder some aspects of our body's ability to maintain homeostasis. (vitacost.com)
  • Complex systems, such as a human body, must have homeostasis to maintain stability and to survive. (dadamo.com)
  • The body, when exposed to any type of substance attempts to maintain homeostasis. (medscape.com)
  • However, studies from the biological sciences indicate that much of the brain's processes are in place to maintain allostasis, both of the brain itself and of the organism as a whole. (lu.se)
  • Energy homeostasis is a well-regulated process that depends on the coordination between feeding behavior and energy expenditure. (stratech.co.uk)
  • However, it is currently unclear how the plant shapes its leaf microbiota and what role the plant immune system plays in this process. (nature.com)
  • Our results show that the NADPH oxidase RBOHD is essential for microbiota homeostasis and emphasizes the importance of the plant immune system in controlling the leaf microbiota. (nature.com)
  • The control of energy homeostasis in humans has received much attention in recent years due to alterations caused by the onset of conditions such as obesity and diabetes. (stratech.co.uk)
  • AEA) and 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG) via a retrograde signaling process in which these compounds are synthesized by and released from postsynaptic neurons, and travel back to the presynaptic terminal to bind to the CB1 receptor for modulation of neurotransmitter release to obtain homeostasis. (wikipedia.org)
  • We reinterpret neural processing explaining basic learning situations up to simple anticipatory behavior. (preprints.org)
  • Since most processes governing neural activity are temperature-dependent, we consider how naturally occurring temperature fluctuations could affect neural activity and neural functions. (nih.gov)
  • Since high temperature could irreversibly damage neural cells and worsen various pathological processes, we consider the situations associated with pathological brain hyperthermia and evaluate its role in acute perturbations of brain functions, neurotoxicity, and neurodegeneration. (nih.gov)
  • In simulations of cognitive processes, whether at the neural level, or the level of larger brain systems, the constant and ample supply of energy is implicitly assumed. (lu.se)
  • Mononuclear phagocytes contributions to tissue pathologies relate to their central roles in orchestrating all stages of host defense and wound healing, which often become maladaptive processes, especially in sterile and/or diffuse tissue injuries. (hindawi.com)
  • Our work aims to investigate whether the processes that regulate the tRNA availability in the cell are specific and how they can affect protein translation and directly impact cell fitness. (europa.eu)
  • The iron storage protein bacterioferritin (BfrB) is central to bacterial iron homeostasis. (rcsb.org)
  • Collectively, these findings furnish proof of concept for the usefulness of small molecule probes designed to dysregulate bacterial iron homeostasis by targeting a protein-protein interaction pivotal for iron storage in the bacterial cell. (rcsb.org)
  • In this pathological process, retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) loses epithelial characteristics through an epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), transforms into mesenchymal phenotype, increasing cells migration ability, invasiveness, resistance to apoptosis, and production of extracellular matrix, turning RPE into fibroblast-like cells [ 7 ]. (ijbs.com)
  • Explain your understanding of the purpose and process of primary homeostasis following an incision. (wizedu.com)
  • However, there is still a huge gap in understanding how these chemicals contribute to the dysregulation of BA homeostasis and how this dysregulation may promote NASH development. (aspetjournals.org)
  • The key to understanding the relationship between diabetes and these other areas begins with the role of energy homeostasis in diabetes. (stratech.co.uk)
  • Understanding the role of energy homeostasis in diabetes is essential to understanding the disease. (stratech.co.uk)
  • An alternative approach, the Energy Homeostasis Principle (EHP), initiates a similar explanatory effort, but starting from single neuron phenomena and building up to the whole organism's behavior and understanding. (preprints.org)
  • Because this activity can be misinterpreted as human readership, data may be re-processed periodically to reflect an improved understanding of robotic activity. (jci.org)
  • ii) Which processes (synthesis, transport and degradation) are actively involved in tRNA dynamics and are they specific for individual tRNAs? (europa.eu)
  • The ability to keep a stable internal environment within the cell or a body is called Homeostasis. (wizedu.com)
  • In biology, homeostasis (British also homoeostasis) (/hɒmɪə(ʊ)ˈsteɪsɪs/) is the state of steady internal, physical, chemical, and social conditions maintained by living systems. (wikipedia.org)
  • Homeostasis is one of the fundamental characteristics of living things. (dadamo.com)
  • Here we discuss the latter concept, for example, why different organs host different types of mononuclear phagocytes during homeostasis. (hindawi.com)
  • This process is vital to its newly-discovered role in slowing cognitive decline. (extremetech.com)
  • The role of symbiotic bacteria during this process is understudied but likely essential. (bvsalud.org)
  • These genes were selected based on their role in asthmatic inflammatory processes and History previously reported associations with asthma phenotypes. (cdc.gov)
  • Homeostasis is an almost exclusively biological term, referring to the concepts described by Bernard and Cannon, concerning the constancy of the internal environment in which the cells of the body live and survive. (wikipedia.org)
  • Explain what this process is and show examples of processes in the body which show homeostasis. (wizedu.com)
  • Maintaining bile acid (BA) homeostasis is important and regulated by BA activated receptors and signaling pathways. (aspetjournals.org)
  • The project will identify key genes, pathways, and biological processes that are differentially regulated in response to hypoxia. (lu.se)
  • In this minireview, our focus is to provide evidence from reports that determine the effects of environmental or therapeutic exposure on altering homeostasis and functions of BAs and FXR. (aspetjournals.org)
  • A classification that sufficiently covers their phenotypic heterogeneity and plasticity during homeostasis and disease does not yet exist because cell culture-based phenotypes often do not match those found in vivo . (hindawi.com)
  • The plasticity of mononuclear phagocytes becomes obvious during dynamic or complex disease processes. (hindawi.com)
  • Since no experimental work has been done to systematically characterize the amounts of individual tRNAs at different conditions, the techniques developed during this project will provide other researchers with the tools needed to investigate the influence of tRNA abundance in multiple cellular processes. (europa.eu)
  • The conditions vary with each organism, and with whether the chemical processes take place inside the cell or in the interstitial fluid bathing the cells. (wikipedia.org)
  • Bone cells called osteoclasts begin the process of remodeling by dissolving or resorbing bone. (oregonstate.edu)
  • Most importantly, the very structure of organisms is dependent on the continuous metabolism of nutrients into ATP, and its use in maintaining homeostasis. (lu.se)
  • Furthermore, we discuss how published data supports the view that changing tissue environments induce the well-known different phenotypes of mononuclear phagocytes, a process that not only enforces each of the different environments but also explains the contribution of these cells to the different tissue pathologies. (hindawi.com)
  • Part I: Energy Homeostasis reviews the principles behind the development of diabetes and emerging biomarkers being used in today's research. (stratech.co.uk)
  • By constructing an EMT model of retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells in vitro, we found that autophagy was activated in the EMT process of RPE cells. (ijbs.com)
  • Intervention in the caries process can occur at any stage, either naturally or by the insertion of some procedure or treatment. (researchgate.net)
  • Adrenal Energy Formula combines four stress-modulating extracts - holy basil, cordyceps, bacopa and ashwagandha - each scientifically validated to support homeostasis, even on the most stressful days. (vitacost.com)
  • Responsible for energy homeostasis, PPAR-alpha regulates how fats are metabolized. (extremetech.com)
  • This means that energy is at the centre of all biological processes, including cognition. (lu.se)
  • However, this information is rarely used in controlling the details of cognitive processing to minimize energy consumption. (lu.se)
  • In this work, we make use of some of this circuitry and explicitly connect it to the processing requirements of different cognitive subsystems and show first how a cognitive model can learn the relation between cognitive 'effort', the quality of the computations and energy consumption, and second how an adaptive inhibitory mechanism can learn to only use the amount of energy minimally needed for a particular task. (lu.se)
  • In this catabolic process, matrix metalloproteases and cytokines also cause degradation of cartilage. (medscape.com)