Process glycosylation. Medical search. Frequent questions

Predicted to be involved in protein O-linked glycosylation via serine. (nih.gov)

A cooperative and competitive interaction between multiple enzymes, cell lines, and cell culture conditions causes processing of the oligosaccharide structure during which some of the already attached moieties like mannose are trimmed to yield a fiveâ residue core (Man3GlcNAc2), to which N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc), fucose, galactose, and N-acetylneuraminic acid (sialic acid or Neu5Ac) residues get added in a probabilistic fashion. (chromatographyonline.com)
O-linked glycosylation is the attachment of a sugar molecule to the oxygen atom of serine (Ser) or threonine (Thr) residues in a protein. (wikipedia.org)
IgA1 molecules bearing abnormal glycosylation have been found in serum, tonsillar lymphocytes, and elute from mesangial deposits, and they are characterized by decreased O-linked N -acetylgalactosamine residues with or without alteration in the terminal sialylation of the O-linked sugars. (medscape.com)
methylation at certain residues of histones can regulate gene expression [ 4 ], and glycosylation is responsible for targeting substrates and changing protein half-life [ 2 ]. (hindawi.com)
To what extent differences in substrate specificity of HPATs may contribute to the selection of certain Hyp residues for glycosylation remains to be seen. (elifesciences.org)
IL-11 contains no cysteine residues or potential glycosylation sites. (rndsystems.com)

Glycosylation refers to a sequence of events that take place in the Golgi body and the endoplasmic reticulum of the cells of the expression system (predominantly mammalian) that lead to post-translational addition and processing of carbohydrate or glycan moieties to the protein backbone (usually serine- or threonineâ linked glycosylation for O-linked glycans and asparagineâ linked glycosylation for N-linked glycans) (6). (chromatographyonline.com)
Glycans (monosaccharides and oligosaccharides) and their conjugates (glycoproteins, glycolipids, and proteoglycans) are structurally diverse biomolecules that are involved in many biological processes of health and disease. (go.jp)
This approach is highly useful for examining the potential functional role(s) of glycans and glycoconjugates in cells or tissues, and in biological processes of health and disease. (go.jp)
The best understood subclass is N -glycosylation, in which the glycans are linked to the N δ 2 atom of an Asn side chain. (iucr.org)
Protein glycosylation, the enzymatic process that attaches glycans or sugar molecules to proteins, plays a crucial role in cancer development processes, such as cell-cell adhesion, cell growth, ligand-receptor binding, and tumor metastasis. (cancer.gov)
Protein glycosylation, or the attachment of sugar moieties (glycans) to proteins, is important for protein stability, activity, and immunogenicity. (biorxiv.org)

ALG6 -congenital disorder of glycosylation ( ALG6 -CDG, also known as congenital disorder of glycosylation type Ic) is an inherited condition that affects many parts of the body. (medlineplus.gov)
The prevalence of ALG6 -CDG is unknown, but it is thought to be the second most common type of congenital disorder of glycosylation. (medlineplus.gov)
Damen G, de Klerk H, Huijmans J, den Hollander J, Sinaasappel M. Gastrointestinal and other clinical manifestations in 17 children with congenital disorders of glycosylation type Ia, Ib, and Ic. (medlineplus.gov)
Clinical and biochemical characteristics of congenital disorder of glycosylation type Ic, the first recognized endoplasmic reticulum defect in N-glycan synthesis. (medlineplus.gov)
Hypoglycosylation is the hallmark of a group of rare genetic diseases called congenital disorders of glycosylation (CDG). (nih.gov)
In this review, we highlight normal and deficient N-glycosylation of platelet-derived molecules and discuss the involvement of platelets in the congenital disorders of N-glycosylation. (nih.gov)
GGC's Research Division actively studies a group of inherited diseases called the Congenital Disorders of Glycosylation or CDG. (ggc.org)
Until now, the most promising therapeutic use for mannose was to treat congenital disorders of glycosylation, diseases that can cause a wide range of severe symptoms throughout the body. (morungexpress.com)
Leukocyte adhesion deficiency II may be classified as one of the congenital disorders of glycosylation (CDG), a rapidly expanding group of metabolic syndromes with a wide symptomatology and severity. (medscape.com)

N-linked glycosylation is the most prevalent posttranslational modification of plasma membrane and secretory proteins and participates in many important biological roles such as protein folding, intracellular targeting, immune response, cell adhesion, and protease resistance. (jneurosci.org)
The glycosylation of cells reflects the biological species, tissue, and physiological state of the organism. (muni.cz)

There are two types of glycosylation: N-linked (the glycan is attached to an asparagine) and O-linked (the glycan is attached to a serine or threonine). (neb.com)

The steps in the synthesis of the lipid-linked sugar precursor for N-linked glycosylation- a process that occurs on both sides of the endoplasmic reticulum. (ggc.org)
Following cleavage of the signal peptide upon entry into the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), the peptide precursors are processed in the cis-Golgi by the subtilase SBT6.1. (elifesciences.org)

Glycosylation is the process by which sugar molecules (monosaccharides) and complex chains of sugar molecules (oligosaccharides) are added to proteins and fats. (medlineplus.gov)
This abnormal glycosylation impairs the normal clearance from the bloodstream of the circulating IgA molecules, as well as predisposing their deposition within the kidneys. (medscape.com)
Glycosylation processes can be chemically regulated by inhibition of glycosyltransferases or glycosidases with natural and synthetic molecules. (go.jp)
Knowledge of the three-dimensional structures of the carbo-hydrate molecules is indispensable for a full understanding of the molecular processes in which carbohydrates are involved, such as protein glycosylation or protein-carbohydrate interactions. (iucr.org)
Glycan molecules modulate many other processes important for cell and tissue differentiation, metabolic and gene regulation, protein activity, protein clearance, transport and more (3). (neb.com)
These results demonstrate that Caspr regulates the intracellular processing and transport of contactin to the cell surface, thereby affecting its ability to interact with other cell adhesion molecules. (rupress.org)
MW) chemicals interact with host cells and molecules and In our daily life, we are confronted with a plethora of natural influence biologic processes such as signal transduction. (cdc.gov)

Their team is investigating how abnormal glycosylation causes the tissue-specific symptoms of this and other related CDG. (ggc.org)

This review highlights recent developments in chemical regulation of glycosylation processes with specific targets including: inhibition of (1) N -glycosylation, (2) O -glycosylation, (3) O -linked GlcNAc glycosylation, (4) proteoglycan biosynthesis, (5) glycolipid biosynthesis, and (6) terminal glycosylation. (go.jp)

This gene provides instructions for making an enzyme that is involved in a process called glycosylation. (medlineplus.gov)
Without a properly functioning enzyme, glycosylation cannot proceed normally, and oligosaccharides are incomplete. (medlineplus.gov)
It is formed by a process involving the enzyme carnosine-synthetase which bonds the amino acids alinine and histidine. (natmedtalk.com)
Specifically, by using lipid nanodiscs as cellular membrane mimics, we obtained yields of up to 440 µg/mL for the single-subunit OST enzyme, 'Protein glycosylation B' (PglB) from Campylobacter jejuni , as well as for three additional PglB homologs from Campylobacter coli, Campylobacter lari , and Desulfovibrio gigas . (biorxiv.org)

Both studies suggest that defects in rhodopsin glycosylation are associated with impairment of protein folding or stability. (jneurosci.org)
These diseases are due to defects in glycan synthesis, processing, and attachment to proteins and lipids, thereby modifying signaling functions and metabolic pathways. (nih.gov)
Defects in N-glycosylation and O-glycosylation constitute the largest CDG groups. (nih.gov)
These rare diseases are caused by defects in enzymes and proteins responsible for adding sugars onto proteins and lipids, a process known as glycosylation. (ggc.org)
GGC researchers are working to identify the transcriptome and protein changes that are most sensitive to global defects in glycosylation. (ggc.org)

It is therefore suggested that a component of protein glycosylation is dependent upon glucose autoxidation and subsequent covalent attachment of ketoaldehydes. (portlandpress.com)

Glycosylation is classified by the way the carbohydrate chain is linked to the protein. (iucr.org)
A protein glycosylation process in which a carbohydrate or carbohydrate derivative unit is added to a protein via the N4 atom of peptidyl-asparagine, the omega-N of arginine, or the N1' atom peptidyl-tryptophan. (ntu.edu.sg)

O-glycosylation is a post-translational modification that occurs after the protein has been synthesised. (wikipedia.org)
O-glycosylation occurs in all domains of life, including eukaryotes, archaea and a number of pathogenic bacteria including Burkholderia cenocepacia, Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Acinetobacter baumannii. (wikipedia.org)
This process occurs mainly in muscles and brain. (natmedtalk.com)

In this study we analyzed the Golgi and glycosylation in cultured skin fibroblasts in three patients with PLA2G6-associated neurodegeneration (PLAN). (bmj.com)
Although each patient had different mutations, all had altered Golgi morphology and protein O-linked glycosylation that were rescued by overexpression of wild type PLA2G6. (bmj.com)
The Golgi and glycosylation are essential for correct processing and distribution of proteins. (bmj.com)
Disruption of the Golgi and glycosylation may, therefore, cause the pathogenesis of PLAN and perhaps other neurodegenerative disorders. (bmj.com)
SBT6.1-mediated cleavage within the variable domain allows for continued passage of the partially processed precursors through the secretory pathway, and for subsequent post-translational modifications including tyrosine sulfation and proline hydroxylation within, and proteolytic maturation after exit from the Golgi. (elifesciences.org)
As the first in a series of glycosylation steps, L -arabinose is transferred to the 4-hydroxyl by Golgi-resident Hydroxyproline O -arabinosyltransferase (HPAT). (elifesciences.org)

The process is performed by enzymes known as GalNAc transferases (GALNTs), of which there are 20 different types. (wikipedia.org)
In the course of this process glucose interacts with amino groups of proteins without the participation of enzymes. (news-medical.net)
The identification of precursor processing proteases lags behind the other PTM enzymes. (elifesciences.org)
These limitations include a lack of available tools for biochemical characterization of enzymes involved in glycosylation. (biorxiv.org)
Importantly, all of these enzymes catalyzed N -glycosylation reactions in vitro with no purification or processing needed. (biorxiv.org)

Because of the many functions they have, changes in O-glycosylation are important in many diseases including cancer, diabetes and Alzheimer's. (wikipedia.org)
and malfunctions in glycosylation are associated with rare, but often life-threatening, human diseases. (morungexpress.com)

These diverse structures are controlled by complex glycosylation processes in cells, which are mediated by various glycosyltransferases and glycosidases. (go.jp)

Protein posttranslational modifications (PTMs) play key roles in a variety of protein activities and cellular processes. (hindawi.com)
Protein glycosylation fulfils a variety of roles. (iucr.org)
Saccharides are essential for life, and in addition to their traditional roles as structural and energy storage components, they play crucial roles in many recognition events, signaling, and communication processes. (muni.cz)
However, understanding the roles and regulations of site-specific glycosylation events remains a significant challenge due to several technological limitations. (biorxiv.org)
Significant Roles of Notch O -Glycosylation in Cancer. (bvsalud.org)

Glycosylation defines the adhesive properties of proteins and cells. (neb.com)
Lectin arrays are widely used tools for analyzing glycosylation in proteins and cells. (muni.cz)

Expression of T17M was more toxic than T4K to transgenic photoreceptors, further suggesting that glycosylation at N15 plays a more important physiological role than glycosylation at N2. (jneurosci.org)
A sugar that is crucial to many physiological processes in humans, but lethal to honeybees, can help inhibit the growth of cancer cells, according to a study. (morungexpress.com)

Among abnormalities of the IgA immune system reported so far in IgA nephropathy, aberrant O-linked glycosylation in the hinge region of IgA1 is the most consistent finding. (medscape.com)
Importantly, changes in glycosylation patterns were observed in various tumors, and the aberrant glycosylation is often associated with malignancy potential, tumor immune surveillance, and patients´ prognosis. (muni.cz)

The concept of 'autoxidative glycosylation' is briefly discussed in relation to oxidative stress in diabetes mellitus. (portlandpress.com)
When the sugar latches onto protein on the outside of a cell, the sugar stays in the blood and gunks up the proteins in our body, making glycosylation the source of many aging-related problems such as heart disease, diabetes and nerve damage. (oprah.com)
A team of scientists from the Ural Federal University (UrFU) and the Institute of Immunology and Physiology (IIP, Ural Department of the Russian Academy of Sciences) modeled type 1 diabetes in an experiment to study recovery processes in the pancreas. (news-medical.net)
Another notable tissue damage mechanism associated with diabetes is nonenzymatic glycosylation (glycation) of proteins. (news-medical.net)

Glycan analysis in cell culture-based influenza vaccine production: Influence of host cell line and virus strain on the glycosylation pattern of viral hemagglutinin. (mpg.de)
N-Glycan Analysis by CGE-LIF - Profiling Influenza A Virus Hemagglutinin N-Glycosylation during Vaccine Production. (mpg.de)

This instalment reviews the various process parameters and raw material attributes that affect glycosylation, as well as the different analytical tools that are used for characterization, with greater emphasis on the chromatographic methods of analysis. (chromatographyonline.com)
Towards High Throughput Characterization of Glycosylation-Patterns Using a Capillary-DNA-Sequencer. (mpg.de)
Characterization of the Influenza A Virus Hemagglutinin Glycosylation Pattern with Respect to Vaccine Production - Utilizing Capillary Gel Electrophoresis with Laser Induced Fluorescence Detection. (mpg.de)

Proline hydroxylation is a prerequisite for subsequent glycosylation. (elifesciences.org)

Together, the human disease and animal models suggest that glycosylation plays a crucial role in the structure and/or function of rhodopsin. (jneurosci.org)

The extent of inhibition of the metal-catalysed pathway correlated with the extent of inhibition of glycosylation-associated chromo- and fluorophore development. (portlandpress.com)

Proteolytic processing is required for all post-translationally modified signaling peptides to release the peptide entity from its precursor. (elifesciences.org)
The human IL-11 cDNA encodes a 199 amino acid residue precursor polypeptide with a 21 amino acid residue hydrophobic signal that is processed proteolytically to generate the 178 amino acid residue mature protein. (rndsystems.com)
Currently, 18 subtypes have been reported: 12 are type I (dysfunctional lipid-linked oligosaccharide precursor synthesis), and 6 are type II (dysfunctional trimming/processing of the protein-bound oligosaccharide), including leukocyte adhesion deficiency II (CDG-IIc). (medscape.com)

While leveraging honeybee syndrome could be a promising supplemental cancer treatment, the researchers caution that because the effect is dependent on vital metabolic processes, more research is needed to determine which types of cancer would be most vulnerable to mannose. (morungexpress.com)

In this regard, while glycosylation is a major post-translational modification (PTM) that alters the structure of most human proteins, relatively little is known about the functional diversity imparted by this modification. (buffalo.edu)
Glycosylation alters the physico-chemical properties of the natural product, including solubility, stability and bioavailability. (dtu.dk)

PTMs are involved in many protein activities and cellular processes, such as protein folding, stability, conformation, and some significant regulatory mechanisms [ 1 ]. (hindawi.com)

Several mutations in the N terminus of the G-protein-coupled receptor rhodopsin disrupt NXS/T consensus sequences for N-linked glycosylation (located at N2 and N15) and cause sector retinitis pigmentosa in which the inferior retina preferentially degenerates. (jneurosci.org)
Although mutations T4K and T4N caused RD, N2S and T4V did not, demonstrating that glycosylation at N2 was not required for photoreceptor viability. (jneurosci.org)
In contrast, similar mutations eliminating glycosylation at N15 (N15S and T17M) caused rod death. (jneurosci.org)
Mutations affecting glycosylation of the heptahelical G-protein-coupled receptor rhodopsin are associated with retinitis pigmentosa (RP), a disease characterized by progressive degeneration of photoreceptors. (jneurosci.org)

Here we examined the role of rhodopsin glycosylation in biosynthesis, trafficking, and retinal degeneration (RD) using transgenic Xenopus laevis expressing glycosylation-defective human rhodopsin mutants. (jneurosci.org)
Thus, glycosylation was not crucial for rhodopsin biosynthesis or trafficking. (jneurosci.org)

With the development of high-throughput sequencing technology, gene mutation detection has become another important resource to investigate regulatory mechanisms and cellular processes. (hindawi.com)
In my laboratory, we have developed numerous experimental tools to examine glycosylation at the molecular, cellular and animal levels. (buffalo.edu)
Understanding glycomechanics using mathematical modeling: a review of current approaches to simulate cellular glycosylation reaction networks. (buffalo.edu)

Alternatively, adding a GalNAc sugar will create the A-antigen for blood group A. O-GalNAc sugars are important in a variety of processes, including leukocyte circulation during an immune response, fertilisation, and protection against invading microbes. (wikipedia.org)
The end goal is to apply systems level understanding of glycosylation processes in order to uncover new pathways and small molecule inhibitors that can control leukocyte migration during inflammation. (buffalo.edu)

Glycosylation of monoclonal antibody (mAb) therapeutics is widely recognized by the regulators and the industry as a critical quality attribute (CQA). (chromatographyonline.com)

Characterisation of Glycosylation Patterns Utilizing a DNA-Sequenzer and Mass Spectrometry. (mpg.de)
Characterisation of Glycosylation Patterns Utilizing a DNA-Sequenzer and a MALDI-TOF Mass Spectrometer. (mpg.de)
Elucidation of the Influenza A Virus Glycosylation Patterns with Respect to Vaccine Production Down to the Lower Zeptomolar Range. (mpg.de)

Further studies suggest that rhodopsin requires glycosylation for incorporation into ROS membranes. (jneurosci.org)

It's been known for more than a century that mannose is lethal to honeybees because they can't process it like humans do -- it's known as 'honeybee syndrome',' Freeze said. (morungexpress.com)

We directly sequenced the genomes of 154 H3N2 clinical specimens collected throughout the epidemic to better understand the evolution of H3N2 strains and to inform the H3N2 vaccine selection process. (eurosurveillance.org)

Even with the additional complexities brought on by antibody humanization and glycosylation, we generate needed data efficiently and effectively, helping companies reach their commercial goals. (element.com)
One strategy to tackle this challenge is to efficiently integrate individual unit operations into a fully continuous lab scale process and develop lab scale model system to generate the necessary data base for the required depth of process understanding. (boku.ac.at)

Among the different CQAs (generally only a few for microbial products and more for mammalian products), a glycosylation profile of a product is well-recognized as a CQA that requires stringent monitoring and control. (chromatographyonline.com)
We show here that the biogenesis of CLEL6 and CLEL9 peptides in Arabidopsis thaliana requires a series of processing events in consecutive compartments of the secretory pathway. (elifesciences.org)
Important to realize is, that in contrast to conventional fed batch operations ICB requires continuous monitoring and control and, therefore, process intervention. (boku.ac.at)

But glycosylation, unfortunately, is a process deep inside your body that has dramatic effects on your cells. (oprah.com)
Scientists are interested in finding a chemical compound that would activate regeneration processes in cells damaged by free radicals. (news-medical.net)
Plays also an essential role in vascularization of the gastrointestinal tract, probably by regulating vascular branching and/or remodelling processes in endothelial cells. (lu.se)

Therefore, replacing the current chemical synthesis routes with bio-based processes including cell factories and chemo-enzymatic approaches will constitute a significant step towards a greener society. (dtu.dk)

Regulatory authorities mandate manufacturers to make efforts to minimize these heterogeneities during process and formulation development, so as to ensure that the safety of patients is not jeopardized and that the drug efficacy stays intact. (chromatographyonline.com)
Patients with CDG have multisystem complications reflecting the central importance of glycosylation to the development and maintenance of most major organ systems in the human body. (ggc.org)
Development of a lectin-affinity chromatography step for the downstream processing of influenza virus vaccines. (mpg.de)
With the release and the embracement of recent QbD/PAT guidelines as "best practice" for process development by regulatory authorities a new trend in the biopharmaceutical industry towards integrated continuous bioprocessing (ICB) was introduced [1]. (boku.ac.at)

A (semi-) continuous downstream process based on traditional technology (chromatography) will be developed and integrated. (boku.ac.at)

Drift variants contained HA substitutions and alterations in the potential N-linked glycosylation sites of HA. (eurosurveillance.org)
They hold tremendous potential for our understanding of cancer biology as other similar RNA modifications have already been shown to influence cancer-related processes, such as cancer-cell migration, invasion and drug resistance. (nature.com)

Once thought to be very rare, more and more CDG types that affect the different glycosylation pathways in the cell are being identified each year. (ggc.org)
The Division is taking advantage of novel zebrafish models to unravel the complex nature of CDG and identify the key proteins and pathways involved in the disease process. (ggc.org)

Glycosylation of Influenza A Virus Hemagglutinin. (mpg.de)
Impact of process conditions on influenza A virus HA N-glycosylation and immunogenicity. (mpg.de)
Implementation of analytical methods during upstream processing for an influenza A virus production process. (mpg.de)
Impact of viral adaption on the N-glycosylation pattern of Influenza A hemagglutinin. (mpg.de)

Thyroglobulin is a 660kDa dimeric pre-protein with multiple glycosylation sites. (novusbio.com)

For example, it has been demonstrated that by shifting of process parameters such as temperature the behaviour of the cell culture can be controlled [3]-[5]. (boku.ac.at)
The fabricated lectin arrays will be used to map the glycosylation changes at different stages of cell differentiation and under different physiopathological conditions. (muni.cz)
Furthermore, we demonstrate the ability of cell-free synthesized OSTs to glycosylate multiple target proteins with varying N -glycosylation acceptor sequons. (biorxiv.org)

All packages will be performed in close collaboration with other members of the A4B consortium which thrive to establish faster (e.g. fast LC-MS) and more efficient separation tools which can be integrated as a real-time feedback loop and release for the upstream or downstream production process. (boku.ac.at)

Anatomy8

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Protein O-linked glycosylation via serine1

Residues6

Glycans6

Congenital9

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Serine1

Endoplasmic reticulum2

Molecules7

Abnormal glycosylation1

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Enzyme4

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Attachment1

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Plays a crucial role1

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Alters2

Stability1

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