• These links may take the form of covalent bonds or ionic bonds and the polymers can be either synthetic polymers or natural polymers (such as proteins). (wikipedia.org)
  • When "crosslinking" is used in the biological field, it refers to the use of a probe to link proteins together to check for protein-protein interactions, as well as other creative cross-linking methodologies. (wikipedia.org)
  • Fixatives that contain formaldehyde cross-link biomolecules and modify nucleic acids and proteins. (qiagen.com)
  • In addition, because formaldehyde efficiently crosslinks protein to DNA as well as protein to protein, this method can, in principle, detect proteins that bind DNA directly as well as those that bind DNA indirectly through other factors. (sigmaaldrich.com)
  • Furthermore, we show by SDS-PAGE immunoblot analysis of extracted adhesive proteins that the major adhesive antigen retains solubility in the presence of these reagents, after release from spores, which suggests that cross-linking had been inhibited. (uhi.ac.uk)
  • Because these three processes can be performed in a single Filtration Tube, recovery of conjugated proteins is always high, nearly 100% of protein can be recovered from the tube, and reproducibility is high as well. (dojindo.com)
  • Through this simple centrifuge process, small proteins can be removed, leaving only conjugated proteins to be recovered by pippetting with a buffer solution. (dojindo.com)
  • CLIP is an antibody-based technique used to study RNA-protein interactions related to RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP) but differs from RIP in the use of UV radiation to cross-link RNA-binding proteins to the RNA that they are bound to. (abcam.com)
  • Optional 4-thiouridine pre-incubation and UV-A crosslinking could be used for certain proteins. (abcam.com)
  • 4-thiouridine enhances crosslinking of some proteins. (abcam.com)
  • Following studies with recombinant proteins, the probe was shown to crosslink to 2-OG oxygenases in human crude cell extracts, including to proteins at endogenous levels. (ox.ac.uk)
  • The modification of proteins through crosslinking techniques provides analysis and insight into complex protein interactions as well as interaction domains. (aatbio.com)
  • Crosslinking techniques are also an important pre-requisite to affinity purification of proteins and critical to immunological research. (aatbio.com)
  • To select the best crosslinking method for an experiment, it is imperative to understand the functional and compositional structure of proteins that make them favorable targets for modification. (aatbio.com)
  • Activated NHS ester reagents react with primary amines on target proteins forming stable amide bonds. (aatbio.com)
  • Available online 25 January 2010 peaks have been linked to a dipolar flip-flop polarization transfer from 1H nuclei to rapidly relaxing amide 14N nuclei in rotationally immobilized proteins. (lu.se)
  • The system consists of a fixation reagent (PAXgene Tissue FIX), a stabilization reagent (PAXgene Tissue STABILIZER), prefilled containers for tissue collection, storage, and transportation, and kits for purification of RNA, DNA, or total RNA, including miRNA. (qiagen.com)
  • Very high cross-link densities can cause materials to become very rigid or glassy, such as phenol-formaldehyde materials. (wikipedia.org)
  • In these processes, the zein was treated with formaldehyde both before and after fiber formation. (usda.gov)
  • Developing routes to produce formaldehyde treated zein fibers where the chemical processing takes place before fiber production demonstrates that post-chemical treatments are not necessary. (usda.gov)
  • In order to develop zein fibers with improved physical properties and solvent resistance, formaldehyde was used as the cross-linking reagent before spinning. (usda.gov)
  • The formaldehyde cross-linked zein fabrics had double the tensile strength of control fibers. (usda.gov)
  • In some cases, formaldehyde is used as a cross-linking agent in order to lengthen the fibres and to increase the fabric's crease resistance. (mavolu.com)
  • If this is the case then the production process is of course neither environmentally-friendly nor safe for garment workers, considering that formaldehyde has been classified as a probable human carcinogen. (mavolu.com)
  • In order to produce soy fibre in a non-toxic way, the cross-linking should instead be carried out with reagents that do not contain any formaldehyde. (mavolu.com)
  • Approximately 60*10^6 cells were cross-linked in formaldehyde (1% final concentration, 10 min at room temperature (RT)), and then quenched with glycine (5 min at RT). (nih.gov)
  • SimpleChIP ® Rat GAPDH Promoter Primers were tested on DNA isolated from cross-linked cells using the SimpleChIP ® Enzymatic Chromatin IP Kit (Magnetic Beads) #9003. (cellsignal.com)
  • EZ-Zyme™ Chromatin Prep Kit Contains proprietary reagents optimized for the enzymatic shearing of chromatin from mammalian cells at higher resolution than sonication for use in chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assays. (sigmaaldrich.com)
  • The EZ-Zyme kit contains reagents optimized for generating enzymatically processed chromatin from mammalian cells for use in chromatin immunoprecipitation. (sigmaaldrich.com)
  • The ChIP-IT ® FFPE Chromatin Preparation Kits contain specially formulated reagents and protocol guidelines to extract high quality chromatin from histological slides or tissue sections. (activemotif.com)
  • The ChIP-IT ® FFPE II Kit contains all the necessary reagents and protocols to enable enrichment from the limited amounts of chromatin obtained from FFPE samples. (activemotif.com)
  • 20g/100ml, soluble in ethanol, melting point 110-114 ° C, made use of as triggering reagent for carboxyl group in amide synthesis, also made use of for triggering phosphate group, protein and also nucleic acid cross-linking as well as immunoconjugate made. (zhishangchemical.com)
  • EDC.HCL is a white crystalline compound, which can be made use of as a protein and nucleic acid cross-linking representative, and also a water-soluble carbodiimide-type condensing representative that can realize rapid polypeptide condensation reaction. (zhishangchemical.com)
  • It has been made use of in peptide synthesis, cross-linking of protein and nucleic acid and also prep work of immunoconjugates. (zhishangchemical.com)
  • Fixation is comparable to formalin fixation, but without the destructive nucleic acid crosslinking and degradation. (qiagen.com)
  • Such crosslinks lead to nucleic acid degradation during tissue fixation, storage, and processing. (qiagen.com)
  • Diagnostic electron microscopy has two advantages over enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and nucleic acid amplification tests. (cdc.gov)
  • We herein report on the development of a nucleic acid platform designed to provide fast and portable detection, and demonstrated the utility by detecting MTB DNA from mechanically processed TB patient sputum samples. (cdc.gov)
  • Most protein labeling reagents have similar reactive sites, such as succinimidyl ester (NHS) for amino groups and maleimide or bromoacetamide for sulfhydryl groups. (dojindo.com)
  • The most common reactive site used is the NH 2 group from lysine residue because of the simple process of labeling an NH 2 terminal under physiological conditions. (dojindo.com)
  • However, activity loss due to blockage of active sites by labeling is rare in the case of antibody labeling with NH 2 -reactive reagent. (dojindo.com)
  • Biogelx™-INK prints without the need for temperature or pH adjustment, UV curing, or addition of reactive cross-linking reagents, all of which can be detrimental to the health of cells. (3dbiotechnologiessolutions.com)
  • In chemistry and biology a cross-link is a bond or a short sequence of bonds that links one polymer chain to another. (wikipedia.org)
  • In polymer chemistry "cross-linking" usually refers to the use of cross-links to promote a change in the polymers' physical properties. (wikipedia.org)
  • not verified in body] Although the term is used to refer to the "linking of polymer chains" for both sciences, the extent of crosslinking and specificities of the crosslinking agents vary greatly. (wikipedia.org)
  • Crosslinking generally involves covalent bonds that join two polymer chains. (wikipedia.org)
  • When polymer chains are crosslinked, the material becomes more rigid. (wikipedia.org)
  • The mechanical properties of a polymer depends strongly on the cross-link density. (wikipedia.org)
  • Low cross-link densities increase the viscosities of polymer melts. (wikipedia.org)
  • Lignin is a highly crosslinked polymer that comprises the main structural material of higher plants. (wikipedia.org)
  • The preparation of phases may occur by cross-linking of a polymer initiated by a chemical agent 5 5 Figge, H. (scielo.br)
  • Polymer immobilization on the support surface is typically performed by a chemical process 11 11 Qin, Q. (scielo.br)
  • The mechanisms of these treatments on the polymer immobilization process is not yet well understood, although the resulting material typically has a thin polymer layer chemically bonded to some of the active sites of the chromatographic support, which results in good separations and high stability. (scielo.br)
  • Another possibility for preparation of the polymer-coated stationary phases with pre-synthesized polymers has been by the self-immobilization process. (scielo.br)
  • Is the interior of the, the glycolipid-engorged macrophages by affinity enzyme hypoxanthine-guanine macromolecular synthesis because of the following points need raising with the design of a segments are linked to the skin. (thehasse.org)
  • Apart from amino acids, we can surely cover most of coupling reagents, crosslinking reagents, linkers for solid phase synthesis as well as protecting reagents.Some of the reagents. (apnoke.com)
  • During tissue fixation, storage, and processing, cross-links lead to degradation of nucleic acids. (qiagen.com)
  • The fixation and stabilization method preserves tissue morphology and the integrity of nucleic acids without destructive cross-linking and degradation found in formalin-fixed tissues. (qiagen.com)
  • PAXgene Tissue Containers are dual-chamber containers prefilled with 2 reagents. (qiagen.com)
  • PAXgene Tissue reagents in prefilled containers and PAXgene Tissue Kits provide a complete preanalytical solution for collection, fixation, and stabilization of tissue, and purification of high-quality nucleic acids for molecular research analysis. (qiagen.com)
  • Knockout cells or tissue, as well as non-cross-linked cells, are good negative controls, while knockdown cells are not recommended. (abcam.com)
  • They also may be produced through manipulation of lesions or processing of tissue or secretions in the hospital or laboratory. (cdc.gov)
  • The crosslinked sample is placed into a good solvent at a specific temperature, and either the change in mass or the change in volume is measured. (wikipedia.org)
  • Based on the degree of swelling, the Flory Interaction Parameter (which relates the solvent interaction with the sample), and the density of the solvent, the theoretical degree of crosslinking can be calculated according to Flory's Network Theory. (wikipedia.org)
  • Through ring-opening aminolysis and ring-opening polymerization, solvent- and toxic reagent-free, atom-economical and energy efficient systems could be realized. (kth.se)
  • By carrying out the chemical reactions before spinning, the overall safety of an industrial process is improved. (usda.gov)
  • It then starts to undergo "curing reactions," becoming progressively less soluble with time in anionic detergents, less sensitive to proteolysis, and less viscoelastic, which suggests that extensive cross-linking occurs. (uhi.ac.uk)
  • Nucleophilic reactions of non-ionic guar gum (GG) polysaccharide were adopted in this study due to the simplicity, accessibility and diversity of chemical reaction conditions and reagents. (abo.fi)
  • Chemical activation is a series of crosslinking or polycondensation reactions between chemical reagents and coconut shell carbonized materials so that the carbonized materials have a rich microporous structure. (cementplantequipment.com)
  • at the same time developing protein and peptide-based tools that will allow us to manipulate cellular processes on a molecular level. (stanford.edu)
  • A.P.Noke is also one of the main peptide reagent providers around the world. (apnoke.com)
  • Complex protein structures are comprised of small amino acid building blocks linked together to form polypeptide chains. (aatbio.com)
  • Food processing industry: denatured starch can be used as thickener, stabilizer and colloid stabilizer for making cakes, biscuits, frozen foods, etc. (monitorcan.com)
  • In any mycobacteriology laboratory, cross-contamination, mislabeling errors, specimen mix-ups, and use of nonsterile reagents can cause the inadvertent transfer of bacilli from one specimen or culture to another specimen or culture. (cdc.gov)
  • Collecting the appropriate specimen at the right time and transporting it to the laboratory under proper conditions are critical pre-analytic components of the testing process. (medscape.com)
  • Aside from self-polymerization, hydrolysis of NHS esters and amide bonds is another undesirable drawback associated with NHS ester crosslinking. (aatbio.com)
  • Protein labeling reagents are used for various assays that are coupled with antigen-antibody reaction. (dojindo.com)
  • This reproducibility, along with strict in-process control and QC analysis guarantees batch to batch consistency to provide a versatile and reproducible platform for the development of 3D cell culture models for development of drug discovery assays, development of ATMPs and many other 3D cell culture applications. (3dbiotechnologiessolutions.com)
  • In previous investigations of wound healing in dental pulp, we found that organic dentin matrix components (DMCs) were degraded by matrix metalloproteinase-20, and DMC degradation products containing protein S100A7 (S100A7) and protein S100A8 (S100A8) promoted the pulpal wound-healing process. (nagoya-u.ac.jp)
  • The crosslink density can then be calculated. (wikipedia.org)
  • The networks were reprocessable from one to three cycles after damage, and a profile of properties (thermal, mechanical, viscoelastic and dynamic) was achieved by varying the crosslink density and the structure of the monomers used. (kth.se)
  • 2. In the majority of cases, a crosslink is a covalent structure but the term is also used to describe sites of weaker chemical interactions, portions of crystallites, and even physical interactions and entanglements. (wikipedia.org)
  • Chemical covalent cross-links are stable mechanically and thermally. (wikipedia.org)
  • In contrast to chemical cross-links, physical cross-links are formed by weaker interactions. (wikipedia.org)
  • Since cross-links can not be removed completely, the resulting chemical modifications can cause inhibition in sensitive downstream applications such as quantitative PCR or RT-PCR. (qiagen.com)
  • At the same time, by adding chemical reagents or high temperature and high pressure treatment, the starch molecules can be broken and cross-linked to form a more stable structure, thus improving the physical properties of starch such as thermal expansion and contraction, rheological properties, viscosity, and improving its applicability and processability. (monitorcan.com)
  • whether it is chemical activation or physical activation, the production process of coconut shell activated carbon is very mature. (cementplantequipment.com)
  • However, the use of a large amount of chemical reagents increases the production cost and has a strong corrosion effect on the equipment, especially in the later stage, a large amount of water is required for washing. (cementplantequipment.com)
  • Reagents are substances used for the detection or determination of another substance by chemical or microscopical means, especially analysis. (bvsalud.org)
  • Typically our reagents are coated onto a substrate which permits quality to be maintained over a large number of redox cycles. (justia.com)
  • Dojindo offers the following protein labeling reagents and kits for protein research and proteomics. (dojindo.com)
  • Reagent kits are prepared in advance for all enzymatic steps (New England Biolabs). (nih.gov)
  • In addition, enzymatic shearing is compatible with non-crosslinked ChIP (native ChIP), which allows analysis of histone modifications not only on cultured cells, but also on freshly dissected and frozen tissues. (sigmaaldrich.com)
  • We use this platform to detect MTB and identify drug-resistance strains from mechanically processed sputum samples within 2.5 hours. (cdc.gov)
  • Being a soft base according to the hard and soft acid and base (HSAB) theory, xanthate groups on guar gum-xanthate (GG-X) allowed GG-X to coordinate more strongly to a wide range of soft metal ions, which have great potential in heavy metal removal, wastewater treatment, cross-linked hydrogel preparation, etc. (abo.fi)
  • In the presence of Ca2+ ions, these nanofibers cross-link to form the hydrogel. (3dbiotechnologiessolutions.com)
  • For the remainder of the library construction process (DNA end-repair, A-base addition, adaptor ligation and enrichment) a general SPRI cleanup involves addition of buffer containing 20% PEG and 2.5 M NaCl to the DNA reaction products (without moving them from their original well position). (nih.gov)
  • 3 When the reaction occurs in living organisms, these adducts can generate cross-links between key molecules, leading to their structural modifications and functional impairments. (rsc.org)
  • Hydrolysis competes with the primary amine reaction as the pH of the system increases resulting in less efficient crosslinking of protein targets. (aatbio.com)
  • At nucleolar rRNA genes, Pol I synthesizes precursor rRNAs (pre-rRNAs) that are processed into mature 28S, 18S and 5.8S rRNA molecules as they migrate to the granular component at the nucleolar periphery. (nature.com)
  • Outside nucleoli, Pol III synthesizes 5S rRNA molecules that are targeted to nucleoli for processing. (nature.com)
  • In the process of production, potato starch will lose part of its natural crystallinity and increase its solubility and stability in water after being washed, broken, dehydrated and dried. (monitorcan.com)
  • Our research is driven by the philosophy that in order to control physiological processes it is necessary to understand the molecular mechanisms that drive these processes. (stanford.edu)
  • We report a small-molecule probe for 2-OG oxygenases that employs a hydroxyquinoline template coupled to a photoactivable crosslinking group and an affinity-purification tag. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Intermediate cross-link densities transform gummy polymers into materials that have elastomeric properties and potentially high strengths. (wikipedia.org)
  • This work presents a proof of concept for a green cyclodextrin derivatisation method that uses low-boiling epoxide reagents in a high-energy ball mill (HEBM). (beilstein-journals.org)
  • Dimerization, mediated by FLNa Ig repeat 24, accounts for rigid high-angle FLNa/F-actin branching resistant to bending by thermal forces, and high avidity F-actin binding and cross-linking. (rupress.org)
  • This latter method is less expensive as does not require the use of specific high-cost reagents. (scielo.br)
  • Interest in RNA-protein interactions is booming as we begin to appreciate the role of RNA, not just in well-established processes such as transcription, splicing, and translation, but also in newer fields such as RNA interference and gene regulation by non-coding RNAs. (abcam.com)
  • Cross-linking catalyst for the dynamic vulcanisation of elastomeric compounds, thermoplastics and phenolic resins. (williamblythe.com)
  • Other examples of materials which form physically cross-linked gels include gelatin, collagen, agarose, and agar agar. (wikipedia.org)
  • Here, we describe the process of fabricating Col-HA gels with varying Col/HA ratios, which can be used to suitably mimic the tumor microenvironment. (bvsalud.org)
  • So as long as the auxiliaries and additional agents used during the production process are environmentally friendly, soy fibre can indeed be considered a more sustainable option than synthetic fibres or conventional cotton, which are both relying heavily on the use of natural resources such as water and oil. (mavolu.com)
  • and cross-linking agents confer this coherence on intracellular F-actin ( Matsudaira, 1994 ). (rupress.org)
  • A variety of redox mediating agents employing bipyridinium reagents and such reagents in conjunction with dispersed noble metals, such as platinium, are disclosed as coatings for substrates and electrodes. (justia.com)
  • We have discovered a variety of redox mediating agents employing bipyridinium reagents and such reagents in conjunction with a dispersed noble metal. (justia.com)
  • A class of polymers known as thermoplastic elastomers rely on physical cross-links in their microstructure to achieve stability, and are widely used in non-tire applications, such as snowmobile tracks, and catheters for medical use. (wikipedia.org)
  • In one implementation, unpolymerized or partially polymerized resin is treated with a crosslinking reagent. (wikipedia.org)
  • We show that nontoxic concentrations of the thiol-capping reagent (Ellman's reagent) or thiol-reducing agent (dithiothreitol) effectively inhibit the time-dependent development of adhesive spore strength after attachment to a surface. (uhi.ac.uk)
  • Epichlorohydrin-crosslinked CD-polymers (CDPs) have also been effectively prepared in the ball mill. (beilstein-journals.org)
  • Of these, fluorescent, biotin, and enzyme labeling reagents are used most frequently for antibody labeling. (dojindo.com)
  • The reduction process may cause activity loss of an antibody because of possible cleavage between a heavy chain and a light chain. (dojindo.com)
  • Complement C5 plays a crucial role in many disease processes, and this new antibody offers the option to mimic blocking of terminal complement pathway. (biolynx.ca)
  • SDS-PAGE analysis clearly showed cross-linking has occurred. (usda.gov)
  • Preliminary analysis based on the responses from 82 States Parties in all WHO regions that were received by the submission deadline shows that National IHR Focal Points continue to establish cross-sectoral links (100%) and that, in addition to the health sector, the food safety (91%) and agriculture, fisheries and animal health (82%) sectors are the most frequently cited collaborators. (who.int)
  • Our detailed protocol and tips for carrying out UV cross-linking and immunoprecipitation (CLIP). (abcam.com)
  • In certain situations, it may be acceptable for patients to collect their own nasal or mid-turbinate swab or saliva (1-5 mL), as long as they are given a clear, step-by-step protocol of the process. (medscape.com)
  • A composition that incorporates a cross-linking agent and a plasticizer was selected, providing the films with water resistance, elasticity, softness, and flexibility. (crimsonpublishers.com)
  • Among them AAT Bioquest's Buccutite™ crosslinking technology offer the most efficient method to conjugate antibodies with macromolecules such as enzyme tags. (stratech.co.uk)
  • We conclude that efficient DNA crosslink repair requires FANCD2 deubiquitination, whereas FANCD2 monoubiquitination is not dependent on USP1 autocleavage. (ox.ac.uk)
  • To combat this, Buccutite™ crosslinking technology was developed to provide a robust and efficient alternative for protein conjugations. (aatbio.com)
  • In the plasma membrane PTPRJ forms dimers detectable by treatment with the cross-linking reagent BS(3) (bis[sulfosuccinimidyl]suberate). (unina.it)
  • These wastewaters can only meet the environmental protection discharge requirements after complex treatment processes. (cementplantequipment.com)
  • or by a physical process such as thermal treatment, 7 7 Silva, C. G. A. (scielo.br)
  • Films of this nature can be used for diagnosing pathological (and other) processes accompanied by changes in the pH of biological fluids. (crimsonpublishers.com)
  • The reasons for that included the rise of petroleum , which - due to its low processing cost - became one of the main raw materials used for synthetic textile production. (mavolu.com)
  • Furthermore, a class of non-hydrolysable, soluble and insoluble CD polymers (CDP) can be prepared by crosslinking CDs with epichlorohydrin or 1,2:3,4-diepoxybutane. (beilstein-journals.org)
  • 120ul SPRI AMPure XP beads (Agencourt) were added to the reverse-crosslinked samples, pipette-mixed 15 times and incubated for 2 minutes. (nih.gov)
  • Although vital pulp therapy should be performed by promoting the wound-healing capacity of dental pulp, existing pulp-capping materials were not developed with a focus on the pulpal repair process. (nagoya-u.ac.jp)
  • In order to carry out this process in the lab, a small scale fiber production system was used. (usda.gov)
  • Critical aspects in this endeavor are the use of renewable monomers to decrease the environmental footprint, implementing green syntheses and production processes and the design for increased recyclability as an end-of-life option to diverge from the generation of plastic waste. (kth.se)
  • The activation method in the following production process is physical activation. (cementplantequipment.com)
  • In vulcanization, sulfur is the cross-linking agent. (wikipedia.org)
  • A 3% aqueous solution of PVA was mixed with a crosslinking agent, either glutaraldehyde or glyoxal, and a plasticizer, either glycerin or PEG-400. (crimsonpublishers.com)
  • It comes as a by-product of coconut meat and coconut milk processing and is often considered agricultural waste. (cementplantequipment.com)
  • Please allow up to three business days for your product to be processed. (cellsignal.com)
  • Of these, 74.8% (n = 33 500) were referred and 33.1% (n = 14 821) were linked to PrEP providers, and 25.3% (n = 11 356) were prescribed PrEP. (cdc.gov)