Process protein biosynthesis. Medical search. Frequent questions

Two tightly regulated biochemical processes, metallation of porphyrin at the last stage of heme biosynthesis and the generation of iron-sulphur clusters (ISC), take place inside the mitochondrial matrix and utilise around 80% of the iron acquired by organisms. (lu.se)
Ferrochelatase catalyses iron insertion into protoporphyrin IX at the terminal step of heme biosynthesis, while IscU assists in the formation of iron-sulphur clusters. (lu.se)
Lead's high affinity for sulfhydryl groups makes it particularly toxic to multiple enzyme systems including heme biosynthesis. (cdc.gov)

If a stop signal is missing, protein formation cannot be completed and the ribosome s mode of operation is blocked. (phys.org)
With the help of cryo-electron microscopy a unique glimpse of a central key step of the interaction between ribosome, tmRNA, a special protein (SmbP) and the elongation factor G could be attained, explained David Ramrath, doctoral candidate at the Institute for Medical Physics and Biophysics at Charité and primary author of the study. (phys.org)
EF1A belongs to the GTP-binding family of proteins and is able to deliver the aa-tRNA to the A-site of the ribosome because of its GTPase activity. (unina.it)
The signal recognition particle (SRP), a ribonucleoprotein that binds to the polypeptide exit site on the ribosome, and the membrane bound SRP receptor (SR) function together to selectively attach a ribosome synthesizing a protein with an RER signal sequences to the Sec61 complex. (umassmed.edu)
Dual recognition of the ribosome and the signal recognition particle by the SRP receptor during protein targeting to the endoplasmic reticulum. (umassmed.edu)
Termination of protein biosynthesis and release of the nascent polypeptide chain are signaled by the presence of an in-frame stop codon at the aminoacyl site of the ribosome. (thermofisher.com)

As shown for the Macrophage Inflammatory Protein 1α, de novo RNA synthesis correlates with the number of CpG dinucleotides, whereas RNA splicing, stability, nuclear export and translation are not affected by the sequence modification. (nih.gov)
some compounds in this group may also inhibit carotenoid biosynthesis (fluometuron) or synthesis of anthocyanin, RNA, and proteins (propanil), as well as effects on the plasmalemma (propanil) (Devine et al. (weedscience.org)
Benzofuranes (WSSA Group 16), chlorocarbonic acids (Group 26), phosphorodithioates (Group 8), and thiocarbamates (Group 8) are examples of herbicides that are known inhibitors of several plant processes including: 1) biosynthesis of fatty acids and lipids which may account for reported reductions in cuticular wax deposition, 2) biosynthesis of proteins, isoprenoids (including gibberellins), and flavonoids (including anthocyanins), and 3) gibberellin synthesis inhibition which may result from the inhibition of kaurene synthesis. (weedscience.org)
EPSP inhibition leads to depletion of the aromatic amino acids tryptophan, tyrosine, and phenylalanine, all needed for protein synthesis or for biosynthetic pathways leading to growth. (weedscience.com)
Lee 1980) suggests that factors other than protein synthesis inhibition may be involved. (weedscience.com)
L-isomer is one and the only form of Serine that is involved in the process of protein synthesis in humans. (vedantu.com)
Also, they actively participate in protein synthesis. (vedantu.com)
However, mammalian protein synthesis involves only L-Stereoisomers. (vedantu.com)
Growth was measured by total protein synthesis. (cdc.gov)

This kinase is a catalytic subunit of the protein kinase complex that is important for cell cycle G1 phase progression and G1/S transition. (cancerindex.org)
This kinase, as well as CDK4, has been shown to phosphorylate, and thus regulate the activity of, tumor suppressor protein Rb. (cancerindex.org)
The levels of phosphorylated AMP-activated protein kinase (P-AMPK), well known for its role in cellular energy sensing and regulation, and ATP show reciprocal changes. (jneurosci.org)
Furthermore, the changes in ATP exhibit reciprocity with the phosphorylated state of the cellular energy sensor, phosphorylated AMP-activated protein kinase (P-AMPK), thus supporting the induction of anabolic processes during sleep. (jneurosci.org)
As this interaction establishes a new link between the mitogenic cascade and protein biosynthesis, in vitro kinase assays were performed in presence of B- and C-RAF kinase and recombinant EF1A1/2 to investigate this important interaction. (unina.it)

In molecular biology, biosynthesis is a multi-step, enzyme-catalyzed process where substrates are converted into more complex products in living organisms. (wikipedia.org)
Temperature has a direct effect on fundamental biological systems, including enzyme activity and correct folding of proteins. (springer.com)
Imidazolinones, pyrimidinylthiobenzoates, sulfonylaminocarbonyltriazolinones, sulfonylureas, and triazolopyrimidines are herbicides that inhibit acetolactate synthase (ALS), also called acetohydroxyacid synthase (AHAS), a key enzyme in the biosynthesis of the branched-chain amino acids isoleucine, leucine, and valine (LaRossa and Schloss 1984). (weedscience.com)
Serine protease, which is found in the digestive system, breaks down the proteins that help an enzyme catalyze in its chemical reaction. (vedantu.com)
A serine protease is defined as an enzyme that sunders the peptide bonds in proteins. (vedantu.com)
Dr. Silvaggi Lab is working on many proteins (like ADC family, RitR) and exploring the mechanisms based on their structure and enzyme kinetics. (uwm.edu)
My work spans two important areas of biochemistry: enzyme catalysis and regulation of gene expression by DNA-binding proteins. (uwm.edu)
beta-1,4-Gatactosyltransferase 7 (beta 4GalT7) is an essential enzyme in the biosynthesis of glycosaminoglycan (GAG) chains of proteoglycans (PGs). (lu.se)
A separate coupling enzyme has not been found, and, since this is an oxidative process, it is believed to be mediated by the same thyroperoxidase by stimulation of free radical formation from iodotyrosine. (medscape.com)
An enzyme called deiodinase removes iodide from the inactive monoiodothyronine and diiodothyronine molecules in the thyroid, which restores most of the iodide used in the biosynthesis of T4 and T3. (medscape.com)

Serine is an amino acid that contributes to the biosynthesis of proteins, playing a key role in various metabolic processes. (versus.com)
The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the CMGC family of serine/threonine protein kinases. (cancerindex.org)
Serine is described as a non-essential amino acid that can be used in the biosynthesis of proteins. (vedantu.com)
Serine was first obtained in 1865 from the silk protein, which is a specific rich source, by Emil Cramer. (vedantu.com)
The side chain of Serine as a residue of proteins can undergo O-linked glycosylation. (vedantu.com)
The biosynthesis of GAG chains is initiated by xylosylation of a serine residue of the core protein, followed by galactosylation by beta 4GalT7. (lu.se)

We show that this reproductive blockage is the result of a dramatic impairment of JH biosynthesis, due to the CA-specific reduction in the expression of two key JH biosynthetic enzymes, 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A synthase-1 (BgHMG-S1 ) and HMG-reductase (BgHMG-R ). Our findings provide insights into the regulatory mechanisms underlying the specific changes in the CA gland necessary for the proper transition to adulthood. (nature.com)
Magnesium is an important mineral for bone development and helps the proper functioning of various metabolic processes, like activating the enzymes that help in energy production. (versus.com)
The ring contraction process that occurs during cobalamin (vitamin B12) biosynthesis is mediated via the action of two enzymes, CobG and CobJ. (edu.au)
A combination of de novo transcriptome assembly and DGE analysis was shown to be a powerful method for identifying genes encoding enzymes potentially involved in the biosynthesis of important secondary metabolites in a non-model plant. (biomedcentral.com)
Both the structure of the PGs and the GAG chains, and the expression of the enzymes involved in their biosynthesis and degradation, vary between normal cells and tumor cells. (lu.se)

Some important biological macromolecules include: proteins, which are composed of amino acid monomers joined via peptide bonds, and DNA molecules, which are composed of nucleotides joined via phosphodiester bonds. (wikipedia.org)
The tRNA transfers the correct amino acids to the respective gene sequence on the mRNA during protein biosynthesis. (phys.org)
Plant death results from events occurring in response to ALS inhibition and low branched-chain amino acid production, but the actual sequence of phytotoxic processes is unclear. (weedscience.com)
Most mutations change single protein building blocks (amino acids) in the AMH protein. (medlineplus.gov)

They produce proteins based on existing genetic codes stored on special nucleic acid molecules. (phys.org)
At the center of this repair process, called Trans-Translation, is an additional nucleic acid molecule (tmRNA) that unites characteristics of mRNA and another nucleic acid molecule, the transferRNA (tRNA). (phys.org)
Fe 2+ may also be toxic to organisms, since it can promote the generation of highly reactive oxygen species that are capable of causing severe damage to proteins and nucleic acids. (lu.se)

This process often consists of metabolic pathways. (wikipedia.org)
What pathways are this gene/protein implicaed in? (cancerindex.org)
Disruption of the particular genes in proline biosynthesis pathways clarified the essential role of the anabolic ProB-ProA-ProI system over the osmoadaptive ProH-ProA-ProJ system for cellular protection in response to butanol exposure. (biomedcentral.com)
In yeast cells, protein translocation across the endoplasmic reticulum can occur by cotranslational or posttranslational pathways. (umassmed.edu)

This model represents one of several families of proteins related to bacterial flagellar biosynthesis proteins and involved in bacterial type III protein secretion systems. (nih.gov)
The bacterial machinery for protein biosynthesis differs from that of many host organisms and, 1. (forextrading-madeeasy.com)

Biosynthesis occurs due to a series of chemical reactions. (wikipedia.org)
However, plant death occurs by other processes in most cases. (weedscience.org)
Asparagine-linked glycosylation of proteins occurs within the lumen of the RER. (umassmed.edu)
Biologic uptake: the process by which the transfer of substances from the environment to plants, animals, and humans occurs. (cdc.gov)

We report here that SRE1, a gene encoding a GATA-type protein, bound to promoter sequences of genes involved in siderophore biosynthesis. (nih.gov)

What does this gene/protein do? (cancerindex.org)
GO Annotations consist of four mandatory components: a gene product, a term from one of the three Gene Ontology (GO) controlled vocabularies ( Molecular Function , Biological Process , and Cellular Component ), a reference, and an evidence code. (yeastgenome.org)
Click "Gene Ontology Details" to view all GO information and evidence for this locus as well as biological processes it shares with other genes. (yeastgenome.org)
Additionally, gene expression of AtVPS34 was increased upon infection by Pst DC3000 ( avrRpt2 ), and SA upregulated AtVPS34 gene expression in this process. (frontiersin.org)
The AMH gene provides instructions for making a protein that is involved in male sex differentiation. (medlineplus.gov)
Still other mutations delete regions of DNA from the AMH gene, which changes the instructions for the protein. (medlineplus.gov)
Mutations of the anti-mullerian hormone gene in patients with persistent mullerian duct syndrome: biosynthesis, secretion, and processing of the abnormal proteins and analysis using a three-dimensional model. (medlineplus.gov)
Molecular modifications to increase gene dosage for proline biosynthesis as well as for glutamate acquisition enhanced butanol tolerance of B. subtilis 168 up to 1.8% (vol/vol) under the conditions tested. (biomedcentral.com)
In response to low temperature, many biochemical and physiological processes change in plants through regulation of cold responsive (COR) gene expression as well as through posttranslational protein modifications. (biomedcentral.com)

DGII/III, but not DGI, underwent a proteolytic processing step, losing 10 kD of carbohydrate-free peptide, during transport to the cell surface suggesting a possible regulatory mechanism in desmosome assembly. (rupress.org)
Due to the inherent diversity in the underlying mechanisms, protein-based thermosensors affect different cellular processes such as transcription, translation, protein stability, signal transduction as well as proteolytic processes. (springer.com)

Lipids and proteins are attacked and oxidized, resulting in loss of chlorophyll and carotenoids and in leaky membranes which allow cells and cell organelles to dry and disintegrate rapidly. (weedscience.org)

PTI involves distinct well-characterized physiological mechanisms, such as stomata closure to limit pathogen entry, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, the biosynthesis of antimicrobial metabolites and proteins such as pathogenesis-related (PR) proteins, defense hormones such as salicylic acid (SA), jasmonic acid (JA). (frontiersin.org)

Although one typically thinks of carbohydrates as associated with cell growth and viability, glycosylation also has an integral role in many processes leading to cell death. (nature.com)

Mammalian cells produce PGs, which are involved in biological processes such as cell growth and differentiation. (lu.se)

Genes required for degradation of and growth on the carbon source pectin were down-regulated, whereas transcripts involved in redox processes were up-regulated. (frontiersin.org)
The degradation process begins when the magnesium alloy stent is implanted in the body and comes into contact with body fluid. (bvsalud.org)

In particular EF1A2 is overexpressed in several tumor cells and participates in drug resistence processes. (unina.it)
Such compounds will be valuable tools for the exploration of GAG and PG biosynthesis and a starting point for development of anti-tumor agents. (lu.se)

Ada Yonath is known for her pioneering work in ribosomal crystallography, which focuses on protein biosynthesis. (chemistryviews.org)
She determined the high-resolution structures of ribosomal subunits, discovered the symmetrical region that navigates the polypeptide polymerization process, and visualized the ribosomal tunnel. (chemistryviews.org)

Plasma membrane lipid-protein interactions affect signaling processes in sterol-biosynthesis mutants in Arabidopsis thaliana. (mpg.de)
Multi-pass membrane protein. (cusabio.com)
A major goal of our lab is to elucidate the mechanism of protein translocation across the rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER) membrane. (umassmed.edu)
The Sec61 heterotrimer forms an evolutionarily conserved channel for translocation of secreted proteins and integration of membrane proteins. (umassmed.edu)
The oligosaccharyltransferase is a hetero-octameric integral membrane protein in higher eukaryotes. (umassmed.edu)
Understanding integration of a-helical membrane proteins: the next steps. (umassmed.edu)
They have been defined as monotropic integral membrane proteins located primarily in the endoplasmic reticulum (COX-1) and the perinuclear envelope (COX-2). (medscape.com)

Glycans, either alone or complexed with glycan-binding proteins, can deliver intracellular signals or control extracellular processes that promote initiation, execution and resolution of cell death programs. (nature.com)

Download DNA or protein sequence, view genomic context and coordinates. (yeastgenome.org)
Basic sequence-derived (length, molecular weight, isoelectric point) and experimentally-determined (median abundance, median absolute deviation) protein information. (yeastgenome.org)
Click "Protein Details" for further information about the protein such as half-life, abundance, domains, domains shared with other proteins, protein sequence retrieval for various strains, physico-chemical properties, protein modification sites, and external identifiers for the protein. (yeastgenome.org)
Although plant death apparently results from events occurring in response to EPSP synthase inhibition, the actual sequence of phytotoxic processes is unclear. (weedscience.com)
Sre1 had sequence similarity to the fungal negative regulators of siderophore biosynthesis. (nih.gov)

Free tyrosine can be iodinated but is not incorporated into proteins since tRNA does not recognize iodinated tyrosine. (medscape.com)

It is also involved in other metabolic processes and in the protein biosynthesis. (mn-net.com)
The importance of sleep and suggestions about its physiological role have been better documented as a negative, by what happens without sleep, since prolonged sleep deprivation (SD) or sleep restriction adversely influences metabolic processes ( Knutson, 2007 ), general emotional and physical health ( Haack and Mullington, 2005 ), and neurocognitive behavior ( Lim and Dinges, 2008 ). (jneurosci.org)

Scope includes mutations and abnormal protein expression. (cancerindex.org)

Study of biological processes at the suborganismal level including cell chemistry, metabolism, reproduction, genetics, and complex tissue physiology. (mnsu.edu)
. pilosum and a de novo assembled transcriptome, which can be used to characterize genes related to diverse biological processes. (biomedcentral.com)

In biosynthesis, simple compounds are modified, converted into other compounds, or joined to form macromolecules. (wikipedia.org)
The prerequisite elements for biosynthesis include: precursor compounds, chemical energy (e.g. (wikipedia.org)

In the last years, these isoforms were found to be involved in several different processes like senescence, apoptosis and transformation. (unina.it)

Specifically, we are investigating the biosynthesis, translocation, processing and folding of proteins in the rough endoplasmic reticulum. (umassmed.edu)
Protein translocation across the rough endoplasmic reticulum. (umassmed.edu)

The second part is focused on a new family of two-component response regulator proteins that lack the catalytic aspartate residue that mimics the phosphorylation mechanism of typical 2-component response regulators. (uwm.edu)
The transcription of COX-1 yields a 2.7-kilobase (kb) messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) that encodes a 576-residue, 65-kd protein. (medscape.com)

Protein-based thermosensors are a very diverse group including transcriptional regulators, sensor kinases, chaperones or proteases (reviewed in Klinkert and Narberhaus 2009 ). (springer.com)

These thermosensors are part of a regulatory network, such as the production of heat shock proteins mediated by sigma factor 32 (RpoH) in Escherichia coli or the transcriptional repressor of heat-shock genes HrcA in Bacillus subtilis (Hecker et al. (springer.com)

Interestingly, the genomes of insects, plants and vertebrates encode two STT3 proteins. (umassmed.edu)

Studies on the characterization, biosynthesis and isolation of starch and protein from quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd. (usask.ca)

Despite the importance of the precise fluctuations of JH levels during insect development, the molecular mechanisms underlying the regulation of JH biosynthesis remain poorly understood. (nature.com)
In this study, the temperature-induced regulation of this native RNA-thermometer for heterologous rhamnolipid production was evaluated and its potential application for process control is discussed. (springer.com)

The elongation factor 1A has a crucial role in protein biosynthesis. (unina.it)

I like crystallography, which is an important tool to determine protein structures. (uwm.edu)

Our results suggest that cold temperature significantly affects genes related to protein translation and cellular metabolism in this chilling sensitive species. (biomedcentral.com)

The two genes were down-regulated and encoded for a fatty acid desaturase (fad) and a pfaD/polyketide biosynthesis protein. (exeter.ac.uk)

On a molecular level, proposed mechanisms for toxicity involve fundamental biochemical processes. (cdc.gov)

The active site subunit of the OST is the STT3 protein. (umassmed.edu)

These so-called aspartate-less receiver domain (ALR) proteins are not regulated by phosphorylation, but by other factors such as binding of a ligand. (uwm.edu)

We are using biophysical tools to determine the regulatory mechanisms of proteins with redox-sensitive ALR domains. (uwm.edu)

JH biosynthesis involves a series of enzymatic reactions that are conventionally organized into two modules. (nature.com)

Recently, several chromatin-related proteins have been shown to regulate ESC pluripotency and/or differentiation, yet the role of the major heterochromatin proteins in pluripotency is unknown. (biomedcentral.com)
While parts of them may be similar to the proteins reportedly involved in solvent stress response in other Gram-positive bacteria, significant role of proline in the proline-glutamate-arginine metabolism was substantiated. (biomedcentral.com)
Herein, we review the role of glycans and glycan-binding proteins as essential components of the cell death machinery during physiologic and pathologic settings. (nature.com)

Binding of the AMH protein to its receptor induces self-destruction (apoptosis) of the Müllerian duct cells. (medlineplus.gov)
Several years later, Kerr and co-workers 2 defined the morphological changes in cells undergoing this process, also known as apoptosis. (nature.com)

At that time, glycobiology, which is the study of carbohydrates and their recognition by motif-specific carbohydrate-binding proteins or lectins, lagged far behind the studies that defined the structural and cellular biology of cell death. (nature.com)
Sirtuins are the family of NAD-dependent protein deacetylases that are present in various cellular components. (vedantu.com)

Conversely, the transcription of COX-2 yields a 4.5-kb mRNA that encodes a 70-kd protein with roughly 70-75% homology to the COX-1 protein. (medscape.com)

The biosynthesis can also be initiated by exogenously added beta-D-xylopyranosides with hydrophobic aglycons, which thus can act as acceptor substrates for beta 4GalT7. (lu.se)

Here we identify Heterochromatin Protein 1β (HP1β) as an essential protein for proper differentiation, and, unexpectedly, for the maintenance of pluripotency in ESCs. (biomedcentral.com)

Biochemical experiments have revealed that the two SST3 proteins (STT3A and STT3B) assemble with a shared set of non-catalytic subunits into two separate OST complexes with different kinetic properties. (umassmed.edu)

Other mutations result in a premature stop signal that leads to an abnormally short protein. (medlineplus.gov)

Proteins are essential for a healthy, balanced diet. (versus.com)
The thyroid is the only tissue that can oxidize iodide to a higher valence state that is essential for iodide organification and thyroid hormone biosynthesis. (medscape.com)

Structure and assembly of desmosome junctions: biosynthesis, processing, and transport of the major protein and glycoprotein components in cultured epithelial cells. (rupress.org)
Extracts of metabolically labeled cultured epithelial cells have been analyzed by immunoprecipitation followed by SDS-PAGE, using antisera to the major high molecular mass proteins and glycoproteins (greater than 100 kD) from desmosomes of bovine muzzle epidermis. (rupress.org)
Ribosomes are "protein factories" in the cells of all living things. (phys.org)
During development of male fetuses, the AMH protein is produced and released (secreted) by cells of the testes. (medlineplus.gov)
The secreted protein attaches (binds) to its receptor, which is found on the surface of Müllerian duct cells. (medlineplus.gov)
The mutated AMH protein cannot be released from the cells of the testes or cannot bind to the receptor on the Müllerian duct cells. (medlineplus.gov)

The two major glycoprotein families (DGI and DGII/III) were both found to be synthesized with co-translational addition of 2-4 high mannose cores later processed into complex type chains. (rupress.org)
The PGs consist of a core protein, with one or several GAG chains attached. (lu.se)

Anatomy16

Organisms10

Chemicals and Drugs149

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment23

Phenomena and Processes56

Disciplines and Occupations1

Technology, Industry, Agriculture2

Information Science5

Health Care1

Heme biosynthesis3

Ribosome6

Synthesis9

Kinase5

Enzyme10

Serine6

Enzymes5

Amino4

Nucleic3

Pathways4

Bacterial2

Occurs4

Genes involved1

Gene9

Proteolytic2

Lipids1

Metabolites1

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Mammalian1

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Tumor2

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Membrane7

Intracellular1

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Expression1

Biological processes2

Compounds2

Isoforms1

Endoplasmic reticulum2

Residue2

Regulators1

Escherichia1

Encode1

Isolation1

Regulation2

Elongation factor1

Crystallography1

Species1

Fatty1

Biochemical processes1

Subunit1

Phosphorylation1

Mechanisms1

Involves1

Role3

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Transcription1

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Mutations1

Essential2

Cells6

Chains2