Enhanced in situ reductive dechlorination (ERD) is the process of modifying chemical, physical, and biological conditions in the aquifer to stimulate the microbial degradation of contaminants under anaerobic conditions to harmless end products (e.g., carbon dioxide [CO 2 ] or ethene). (frtr.gov)
In those cases, bioaugmentation can be used in combination with biostimulation to achieve the necessary conditions to overcome stall and promote complete reductive dechlorination (NAVFAC, 2013). (frtr.gov)
Direct Anaerobic Reductive Dechlorination is a biological process where microbes receive energy and grow through sequential reductive dechlorination. (frtr.gov)
Anaerobic reductive dechlorination can also be referred to as halorespiration or dehalorespiration. (frtr.gov)
Gregg Drilling Safely Injects ERD-CH4™ Liquid Antimethanogenic ISCR Technology By Robert Meyer - Project Manager at Gregg Drilling & Testing Inc. Last week we completed another successful In-Situ Enhanced Reductive Dechlorination project at a registered historic landmark of early semiconductor development in the South Bay Area for an Environmental Engineering firm. (provectusenvironmental.com)
Reaction13
NADPH + H+}}} (Reduction) An oxidation reaction as NADPH's energy is used elsewhere: NADP + + 2 H + + 2 e − ⟵ NADPH + H + {\displaystyle {\ce {NADP+ + 2H+ + 2e- (wikipedia.org)
The use of photosensitive C 70 for the catalytic oxidation of benzylamines to the corresponding imines enables faster reaction rates, lower catalyst loadings, and clean reactions with simple workup without chromatography, compared to C 60 or other commonly used photosensitizers such as tetraphenylporphyrin (TPP). (organic-chemistry.org)
In contrast, the reaction of acetone with a cAAC-supported diboracumulene yielded a unique 1,2,3-oxadiborole, which according to DFT calculations also proceeds via an unsymmetrical diborene, followed by intramolecular hydride migration and a second C-H activation of the enolate ligand. (uni-wuerzburg.de)
The catalytic step that initiates formation of the ferric oxy-hydroxide mineral core in the central cavity of H-type ferritin involves rapid oxidation of ferrous ion by molecular oxygen (ferroxidase reaction) at a binuclear site (ferroxidase site) found in each of the 24 subunits. (unl.pt)
By rapidly mixing apo M ferritin from frog, Fe(2+), and O(2) and allowing the reaction to proceed for 70 ms when F(peroxo) has reached its maximum accumulation, followed by spraying the reaction mixture into the H(2)O(2) assay solution, we were able to quantitatively determine the amount of H(2)O(2) produced during the decay of F(peroxo). (unl.pt)
Horecker says, however, that this is not the case and instead that pentose phosphate is divided into smaller fragments by a cleaving enzyme after it has been formed by the oxidation reaction written here, and that the fragments are then condensed again into glucose phosphate, so that the oxidation always only takes place with formations of six carbons. (lindau-nobel.org)
I should add that the enzyme reactions written here also run from right to left in vitro using pure enzymes, if one starts with pentose phosphate and dihydronicotinamide, so there can be no doubt that the reduction of the carbonic acid during photosynthesis is caused by the reverse reaction of the respiration processes written here. (lindau-nobel.org)
It is therefore a reduction of carbonic acid by photosynthesis, not just as a net outcome, but rather within the mechanism as well, the reverse reaction of a respiration process, a known respiration process. (lindau-nobel.org)
Key stereoselective transformations involve an asymmetric Krische allylation, an aldol reaction under 1,5- anti stereocontrol, and a Tishchenko-Evans reduction accompanied by a peculiar ester transposition, allowing to install key stereogenic centers of the natural products. (beilstein-journals.org)
Excitonic energy transfer (EnT) is the mechanism by which natural photosynthetic systems funnel energy from hundreds of antenna pigments to a single reaction center, which allows multielectron redox reactions to proceed with high efficiencies in low-flux natural light. (osti.gov)
This paper describes the use of electrostatically assembled CdSe quantum dot (QD) aggregates as artificial light harvesting-reaction center units for the photocatalytic reduction of H + to H 2 , where excitons are funneled through EnT from sensitizer QDs (sQDs) to catalyst QDs (cQDs). (osti.gov)
Ions are transported perpendicularly through channels in the neuron's outer membrane as a chain reaction that proceeds from dendrites, through the soma, and ultimately to the axons which integrate more distant regions of the body and brain to form a nervous system. (thephilosophyforum.com)
The mass of CrVI decreases at a rate mirroring the increase in Cr111 mass, which is twice the rate at which Reaction 17.28 proceeds. (chempedia.info)
Catalysis1
This nucleophilic catalysis proceeds via iminium activation with outstanding yields in the absence of acids and metals under simple conditions. (organic-chemistry.org)
Bioremediation1
X2 Tackles Remedial Effort Using Advanced Oxidation Technologies By Brendan Gerber - Operations Manager at X2 Environmental Contracting, Inc. X2 Environmental Contracting, Inc. recently completed another successful In-Situ Chemical Oxidation (ISCO) / Enhanced Bioremediation project to treat BTEX contamination at an active gas station site in Alabama. (provectusenvironmental.com)
Condensation1
They originate as products of photosynthesis , an endothermic reductive condensation of carbon dioxide requiring light energy and the pigment chlorophyll. (feinni.best)
Aldehydes3
The use of low loadings of a silver NHC catalysts enables a mild, selective oxidation of alcohols to aldehydes or carboxylic acids in the presence of BnMe 3 NOH or KOH under dry air in excellent yield. (organic-chemistry.org)
An apparent distinction between the AA5_1 and AA5_2 subfamilies is that while AA5_1 enzymes catalyze the oxidation of aldehydes to carboxylic acids [ 1 ], AA5_2 members oxidize primary alcohols to the corresponding aldehyde (and, in some instances, also oxidize the aldehyde to the acid, albeit much more slowly) [ 4 , 22 ]. (cazypedia.org)
Consequently, the oxidation of aldehydes by AA5 CROs has been suggested to proceed through the hydrated, gem -diol species [ 18 ]. (cazypedia.org)
Aerobic2
A modular aerobic oxidation of amines to imines has been achieved using an ortho -naphthoquinone ( o -NQ) catalyst. (organic-chemistry.org)
Despite low oxygen availability, sulfide oxidation was primarily attributed to aerobic chemolithoautotrophic Halothiobacillaceae . (biomedcentral.com)
Sulfide3
We detected Mars-relevant metabolisms including hydrogenotrophic sulfate reduction, sulfur reduction, and sulfide oxidation, which indicate the potential for microbial life in analogous S-rich brines on past and present Mars. (biomedcentral.com)
Gases such as 02 and H2 can fix oxidation state , H2S can set the activity of dissolved sulfide, and C02 (as we demonstrate in this section ) can buffer pH. (chempedia.info)
Canfield (2001) reviewed previous work on oxidation of dissolved sulfide and concluded that little isotopic fractionation occurs in this process. (chempedia.info)
Ferric1
This finding agrees with other studies of the reductive dissolution of ferric oxides in which dissolution rates frequently are not detectable at pH 7 (26, 27). (chempedia.info)
Amines3
In combination with polymer-supported cyanoborohydride (PSCBH), a one-pot oxidation-imine formation-reduction sequence enables alcohols to be converted directly into both secondary and tertiary amines. (organic-chemistry.org)
The oxidation of secondary amines to imines or ketimines is facilitated with the help of Ag 2 CO 3 as cocatalyst. (organic-chemistry.org)
A monobenzylation of aromatic amines with benzylic alcohols in good yields proceeds under MW conditions in the presence of SmI 2 as a catalyst with the generation of water as the sole byproduct. (organic-chemistry.org)
Enzymes1
Through this sensible mechanism, organisms manage to complete the oxidation of the six carbon atoms in glucose with two enzymes, while without the regeneration of glucose, six times two = twelve oxidation enzymes would have been necessary. (lindau-nobel.org)
Cleavage1
The physiological effects of ROS include amino acid chain cleavage, DNA degradation and lipid oxidation, among others. (unl.pt)
Photosynthesis2
We shall first examine a process that is the opposite of photosynthesis, a process of respiration, indeed the oxidation of glucose phosphate to pentose phosphate by means of nicotinamide in the equation written here. (lindau-nobel.org)
Now you will ask what these very specialised facts about glucose oxidation have to do at all with photosynthesis. (lindau-nobel.org)
Sulfate reduction3
Sulfate reduction was dominated by hydrogen-oxidizing chemolithoautotrophic Desulfovibrionaceae sp. (biomedcentral.com)
and was identified in phyla not typically associated with sulfate reduction in novel lineages of Spirochaetota and Bacteroidota . (biomedcentral.com)
Fqo can be hypothesized to be operative during sulfate reduction with CO. The Fqo complex receives electrons from the reduced coenzyme F 420 (F 420 H 2 ), generated from the oxidative acetyl-CoA pathway, and transfers electrons to the membrane-bound respiratory chain by the reduction of menaquinone [ 16 - 18 ]. (hindawi.com)
Mechanism2
It can also be said of this mechanism that the pentose phosphate formed through oxidation is not arabinose phosphate as one should have expected, but instead is ribulose phosphate, the phosphate of a ketopentose, one which has been very rarely found in nature until now. (lindau-nobel.org)
Nonclassic reactions catalyzed by some cytochromes P450, which do not use oxygen, and thus deviate from the main P450 mechanism, include direct reductive processes driven by the heme iron (conversion of nitric oxide to nitrous oxide by CYP55, reductive dehalogenation, reduction of azo compounds and quinines, etc. (schoolbag.info)
Anion reduction2
The (chloro)hydroboryl anion reduction intermediate was successfully isolated using a crown ether. (uni-wuerzburg.de)
This review aims to describe the structural characteristics of superoxide reductases (SORs) and mechanistic aspects of biological superoxide anion reduction. (unl.pt)
Pathway2
The CdhAB-2 combines with acetyl-CoA synthase (ACS) [ 10 ] and operates in the acetyl-CoA pathway for complete oxidation of lactate to CO 2 [ 12 , 13 ]. (hindawi.com)
oxidation of thiocyanate ion to cyanate and elemental sulfur Malfunctioning of copper homeostasis leads to a number of disease states (8, 9). (docslib.org)
Acid1
An intermolecular reductive Schiff base formation from nitroarenes and benzaldehydes to yield diarylimines is carried out in the presence of iron powder and dilute acid. (organic-chemistry.org)
Reactions2
Reductive or oxidizing components in the measuring solution also lead to undesired side reactions and therefore to errors in measurement. (ysi.com)
Multiple CODHs are often present in carboxidotrophs potentially facilitating separate, CO oxidation and CO 2 -assimilation reactions [ 8 ]. (hindawi.com)
Process2
Isolated chloroplasts placed under light conditions but in the absence of CO2, reduce and then oxidize artificial electron acceptors, allowing the process to proceed. (wikipedia.org)
This process tolerates various functional groups and often proceeds quantitatively with no need for purification. (organic-chemistry.org)
Concentration2
Figure 2.5: UV-Vis spectra of the [OsCl6] reduction by thiourea as a function of HCl -4 concentration. (studyres.com)
Osmium] = 1.871 × 10 M Figure 2.7: 24 2- 29 2- UV-Vis spectra depicting the reduction of [OsCl6] by thiourea as a function of HCl concentration at an ionic strength of 6 M. The solid arrows indicate the direction of increasing [HCl]. (studyres.com)
Activity2
The existence of these three components is important for maximal reductive and phosphorylative activity. (wikipedia.org)
For example, the oxidation or reduction of antimony (Sb), which depends on hydrogen ion activity, can be used as a measurement of pH. (ysi.com)
Energy1
Multiple membrane-bound heterodisulfide reductase (DsrMK) could promote both energy-conserving and non-energy-conserving menaquinol oxidation. (hindawi.com)
Direct1
Over the last two decades our direct push drilling methods have not only won many awards, but have also cemented our position as one of the most reliable methods of in situ remediation methods like reduction and oxidation to date. (cool-ox.com)
Chemical1
Some measurement solutions also contain chemical bonds which destroy the color indicators through oxidation or reduction and produce incorrect results. (ysi.com)
Results1
No experiments have been completed to determine isotopic shifts induced by Se(-II) oxidation, but results from the S isotope literature suggest they should be small. (chempedia.info)
Formation1
Biocatalytic copper centers are generally involved in the activation via initial formation of (NCS)2Cu, comprises multiple stages, and and reduction of dioxygen, with only few exceptions known. (docslib.org)
Addition1
The association of phosphorylation and the reduction of an electron acceptor such as ferricyanide increase similarly with the addition of phosphate, magnesium (Mg), and ADP. (wikipedia.org)