Electric StimulationElectric Stimulation TherapyCochlear ImplantsChiropteraCochlear NerveVisual ProsthesisAcoustic StimulationAuditory PathwaysElectric OrganCochlear ImplantationAuditory CortexDeafnessInferior ColliculiPitch PerceptionAuditory ThresholdHearingElectrodes, ImplantedPsychoacousticsNeuronal PlasticityCochleaAction PotentialsSpeech PerceptionTime FactorsElectrodesCatsElectromagnetic FieldsElectrophysiologyRabbitsNeuronsGymnotiformesElectric InjuriesStimulation, ChemicalDeep Brain StimulationPhysical StimulationTranscranial Magnetic StimulationElectric WiringElectric ConductivityCells, CulturedElectroporationElectric Power SuppliesTorpedoKineticsElectric ImpedanceCalciumBurns, ElectricRats, Sprague-DawleySignal TransductionTranscutaneous Electric Nerve StimulationElectrochemotherapyMembrane PotentialsElectrophorusElectrochemistryCell LineTreatment OutcomeMuscle ContractionDose-Response Relationship, DrugPhotic StimulationCell MembranePhosphorylationEvoked PotentialsAnimal CommunicationModels, BiologicalEnzyme ActivationVagus NerveRNA, MessengerMolecular Sequence DataAfferent PathwaysRats, WistarMicroelectrodesEquipment DesignEvoked Potentials, MotorElectromyographyGuinea PigsMagneticsSynaptic TransmissionDogsBiophysicsBirefringenceMice, Inbred C57BLSurgical Procedures, OperativeAnalysis of VarianceMusclesCyclic AMPMotor CortexLymphocyte ActivationComputer SimulationNorepinephrineAtropineReflexNeurons, AfferentAcetylcholineElectroshockCattleMuscle, SkeletalBrainIsoproterenolRats, Inbred StrainsEvoked Potentials, SomatosensoryElectromagnetic PhenomenaNeural Inhibition