Primordial germ germ cells. Medical search. Frequent questions

PGCs interact with a wide range of cell types as they move from the epiblast to the gonads. (wikipedia.org)
The PGCs move passively (without the need for energy) with underlying somatic cells, cross epithelial barriers, and respond to cues from their environment during active migration. (wikipedia.org)
An epithelium must be crossed in many species during germ cell migration, and changes in adhesion are observed in PGCs during their exit from the endoderm and during the initiation of active migration. (wikipedia.org)
The PGCs that go off route or don't reach the gonad undergo programmed cell death (apoptosis). (wikipedia.org)
This is followed by more passive movement, due to the invagination of the posterior midgut primordium, which leads to the PGCs in the centre of the embryo, surrounded by epithelial cells that have been folded back on themselves. (wikipedia.org)
Unlike most model organisms where germ cell migration is predominantly via the gut epithelium, chicken PGCs migrate through the embryonic vascular epithelium. (wikipedia.org)
Primordial germ cells (PGCs) are the precursors of sperm and eggs. (nature.com)
In mammals, PGCs are induced during grastrulation from epiblast cells in response to several cues. (nature.com)
Much of what is known about mammalian germ cell specification is based on studies in mice, in which PGCs are specified at embryonic day 6.5 (E6.5) by bone morphogenetic protein 4 (BMP4) and other signals. (nature.com)
To characterize these induced PGC-like cells and confirm their germ cell identity, the authors performed gene expression profile analyses, comparing the induced cells to human PGCs from 7-week-old male embryos and to a human seminoma originating from the germline in vivo . (nature.com)
These analyses revealed that induced PGC-like cells shared expression profiles (including core germ cell genes) with early PGCs and seminomas. (nature.com)
According to their most recent paper published in the journal "Science Advances", the team has now successfully cultivated primordial germ cells (PGCs) - the precursors of eggs and sperm - from embryonic stem cells (ESCs) and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). (izw-berlin.de)
In sexually reproducing organisms such as humans, rhinos or mice, primordial germ cells (PGCs) are embryonic precursors of sperm and eggs that pass on genetic and epigenetic information from one generation to the next. (izw-berlin.de)
Because PGCs are the founder population for gametes, this accomplishment paves a way to produce functional gametes from induced pluripotent stem cells from northern white rhinos which will contribute to the effort to rewind their extinction. (izw-berlin.de)
Primordial Germ Cells (PGCs) labelled in green are initially distributed near the hindgut region of the embryo. (edu.au)
Primordial germ cells (PGCs), undifferentiated embryonic germ cells, are the only cells that have the ability to become gametes and to reacquire totipotency upon fertilization. (elsevierpure.com)
It is generally understood that the development of PGCs proceeds through the expression of germ cell-specific transcription factors and characteristic epigenomic changes. (elsevierpure.com)
However, little is known about the properties of PGCs at the metabolite and protein levels, which are directly responsible for the control of cell function. (elsevierpure.com)
Here, we report the distinct energy metabolism of PGCs compared with that of embryonic stem cells. (elsevierpure.com)
We also demonstrate that glycolysis and OXPHOS are important for the control of PGC reprogramming and specification of pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) into PGCs in culture. (elsevierpure.com)
At present, the most reliable method for creating genetically modified chickens is the modification of the DNA sequence of primordial germ cells (PGCs). (nii.ac.jp)
Long-term culturing of PGCs with blebbistatin maintained the morphology of typical PGCs, and these cells expressed marker proteins such as chicken vasa homolog (CVH) and NANOG. (nii.ac.jp)
NANOG is a core transcription factor (TF) in embryonic stem cells (ESCs) and primordial germ cells (PGCs). (biomedcentral.com)
Although NANOG plays a key role in germ cells, the molecular mechanism underlying its transcriptional regulation in PGCs has not been studied. (biomedcentral.com)
A germ cell-specific gene regulatory network is required to maintain the unique properties of primordial germ cells (PGCs) for transmission of genetic information to the next generation [ 6 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
PGCs express several pluripotency-related TFs such as NANOG, POU5F3 , and SOX2 , and their expression controls transcription of germness-related genes in these cells [ 11 , 29 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
We also found that miR-29b is expressed in mouse primordial germ cells (PGCs) at E13.5 and that its expression is up-regulated in a female-specific manner between E13.5 and E17.5, when male-specific de novo methylation of the PGC genome is known to occur. (knaw.nl)
We demonstrated that the silencing of the ambra1b gene determines a reduction of primordial germ cells (PGCs), a condition that, in the zebrafish, leads to the development of all-male progeny. (biomedcentral.com)
Interestingly, PGCs share certain cellular properties with metastasizing cancer cells including proliferation, invasion of other tissues, survival and migration. (wikigenes.org)
Several studies have reported that induced pluripotente stem cells (iPSCs), similarly to embryonic stem cells (ES cells), are able to differentiate and give rise to primordial germinal stem cells (PGCs) and are even able to develop into gametes (oocytes and spermatozoa). (fapesp.br)
Oocyte mitochondria are unique organelles that establish a founder population in primordial germ cells (PGCs). (cdc.gov)
Instead, Yoshizaki's team extracted primordial germ cells (PGCs), which only give rise to sex cells, from the gonads of immature fish. (bioedonline.org)
They coaxed mouse embryonic stem cells to become cells that resembled primordial germ cells (PGCs)-an important stage in the development of both eggs and sperm. (scientificamerican.com)
The team first made mouse PGCs, and then added cells taken from the testicular tissue of newborn mice, as well as other biological molecules. (scientificamerican.com)
For example, Zhou and Zhao report that, on the basis of a genetic analysis, their artificial PGCs were similar to mouse cells at 12.5 days of development. (scientificamerican.com)
But Saitou and others say that artificial PGCs should look more like 9.5-day-old cell. (scientificamerican.com)
He says that part of the acceleration could be because the cells seemed to have skipped an 'arrested' state that PGCs normally pass through. (scientificamerican.com)

Primordial germ cells and gastrointestinal stromal tumors respond distinctly to a cKit overactivating allele. (ca.gov)
A constitutively activating mutation, cKit(V558Δ), causes gain-of-function phenotypes in mast cells and intestines, and gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) when heterozygous. (ca.gov)
CNS GCTs are broadly classified as germinomatous and nongerminomatous germ cell tumors (NGGCTs) on the basis of clinicopathological and laboratory features, including tumor markers. (medscape.com)
However, some bifocal nongerminomatous germ cell tumors (NGGCTs) may have similar radiographic features, detectable hCG levels, and normal or modestly elevated AFP. (medscape.com)
The germ cell theory postulates that these tumors arise from primordial germ cells that have migrated aberrantly during embryonic development and subsequently undergone malignant transformation. (medscape.com)
This study retrospectively analyzed serum lymphocyte subsets and survival outcomes in intracranial germ cell tumors (iGCTs) patients. (researchsquare.com)
Intracranial Germ Cell Tumors (iGCTs) are rare brain tumors that originate from embryonic germ cells. (researchsquare.com)
Classification of central nervous system germ cell tumors according to the World Health Organization divides them into germinoma and non-germinoma germ cell tumors(NGGCTs), with 6 different types of the latter, which includes teratoma, embryonal carcinoma, endodermal sinus tumor (yolk sac tumor), chorionic epithelioma (also called choriocarcinoma) and mixed germ cell tumors(GCTs) 7 (including above components sometimes teratoma and germinoma as well). (researchsquare.com)
Therefore the application of immunotherapy has driven the treatment of brain tumors to the study of the response of intratumoral and systemic immune cells and cytokines to these malignancies 10 - 12 . (researchsquare.com)
1 Zagreb University Hospital Centre, Department of Oncology, Division of Medical Oncology, Unit of Uro-oncology, Referral Center for Treatment of Germ Cell Tumors and Extragonadal Germ Cell Tumors of the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Croatia, Zagreb, Croatia. (nih.gov)
Extragonadal germinal cell tumors (EGGCTs) are rare tumors that predominantly affect young males. (medscape.com)
The only known risk factor for extragonadal germ cell tumors is Klinefelter syndrome (47XXY), which is associated with mediastinal nonseminomatous germ cell tumors, which are characterized by their location on the midline from the pineal gland to the coccyx. (medscape.com)
[ 1 , 2 ] In extragonadal germ cell tumors, no evidence of a primary malignancy is present in either the testes or ovaries by radiologic imaging or physical examination. (medscape.com)
Controversy remains regarding the origin of extragonadal germ cell tumors. (medscape.com)
The classic theory suggests that germ cell tumors (GCTs) in these areas are derived from local transformation of primordial germ cells misplaced during embryogenesis. (medscape.com)
According to this theory, the differences in phenotypes expressed by mediastinal germ cell tumors (MGCTs) and gonadal germ cell tumors may be explained by differences in the cellular environment between the gonad and the anterior mediastinum. (medscape.com)
Some retroperitoneal extragonadal germ cell tumors may represent metastases from a testicular cancer , with subsequent spontaneous necrosis of the primary tumor. (medscape.com)
The 3 major types of ovarian tumors are epithelial, sex cord, and germ cell. (medscape.com)
Conversely, germ cell tumors (GCTs) are rare, comprising approximately 20% of all ovarian tumors, both benign and malignant. (medscape.com)
To date, no racial predilection exists for ovarian germ cell tumors (GCTs). (medscape.com)
Survival and reproductive outcomes in women treated for malignant ovarian germ cell tumors. (medscape.com)
Treatment of malignant germ cell tumors of the ovary with bleomycin, etoposide, and cisplatin. (medscape.com)
Literature suggests that the only known risk factor for extragonadal germ cell tumors (EGCTs) is Klinefelter syndrome (47XXY), which is associated with mediastinal nonseminomatous germ cell tumors. (medscape.com)
Extragonadal germ cell tumors produce a rich symptomatology and may reach large volumes if they arise in silent areas. (medscape.com)
Hematologic malignancies are frequently associated with mediastinal germ cell tumors. (medscape.com)
Highly differentiated yolk-sac tumors make up 30% of mediastinal germ cell tumors, providing a possible basis for this association. (medscape.com)
The balance of the p53-mdm2 interaction has been shown to be disrupted in intracranial germ cell tumors (ICGCTs). (medscape.com)

Progenitors of the zebrafish laterality organ originate from the superficial epithelial enveloping layer by an apical constriction process of cell delamination. (elifesciences.org)

Primordial germ cell (PGC) migration is the process of distribution of primordial germ cells throughout the embryo during embryogenesis. (wikipedia.org)
It is thought that the process of primordial germ cell migration itself has been conserved rather than the specific mechanisms within it, as chemoattraction and repulsion seem to have been borrowed from blood cells, neurones, and the mesoderm. (wikipedia.org)
Effective migration requires cell elongation and polarity. (wikipedia.org)
Through directional migration - which requires multiple genes to work, one being the Columbus (clb) gene, which codes for Drosophila HMG CoA reductase - the germ cells move towards the somatic gonadal precursor cells and associate with them. (wikipedia.org)
KitL, via its receptor cKit, supports primordial germ cell (PGC) growth, survival, migration and reprogramming to pluripotent embryonic germ cells (EGCs). (ca.gov)
This also includes a migration of the cells in the body (PGC migration). (izw-berlin.de)
Prof Kathleen Molyneaux - Department of Genetics, Case Western Reserve University for providing mouse primordial germ cell migration movies. (edu.au)
Cite this page: Hill, M.A. (2023, December 11) Embryology Primordial Germ Cell Migration Movie . (edu.au)
This additionally features a migration of the cells within the physique (PGC migration). (publicaawaz.com)
Human primordial germ cells (hPGCs), the precursors of eggs and sperm, start their complex development shortly after specification and during their migration to the primitive gonads. (cam.ac.uk)
Notably, the rhPGCLC-hindgut co-culture system can also be adapted to study failings in hPGC migration, which are associated with the aetiology of some forms of infertility and germ cell tumours. (cam.ac.uk)
However, GCTs, including seminomas, can occur in extragonadal sites along the midline of the body, following the embryologic migration route of its precursor cells -- the primordial germ cells. (medscape.com)
Cleavage was performed at where can you get clarinex each Bownes stage from pole cell migration due to the number of plaques formed on lawns of bacteria expressing the MM15 crRNA (15). (billfryer.com)

76 patients were confirmed germinoma, 29 mixed germ cell tumor, 4 teratoma, 9 malignant teratoma, 6 endodermal sinus tumor, 20 choriocarcinoma and 1 embryonal carcinoma. (researchsquare.com)
For recent decades, it has been recognized that malignant tumor cells potentially induce local and systemic immunosuppression 9 . (researchsquare.com)
Germ-cell testicular cancer (GCTC) is a malignant neoplasm derived from the primordial germ cell. (nih.gov)
Malignant transformation of germ cells is the result of a multistep process of genetic changes. (medscape.com)

In a study published in Cell , Surani and colleagues at Cambridge University (UK), jointly with Hanna and colleagues at the Weizmann Institute (Israel), report the development of a robust method for the specification of human PGC-like cells from ESCs and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). (nature.com)
These cells were cultured in a four-inhibitor-containing (4i) medium, previously developed by Hanna's group, which maintains cells in a distinct, more 'naive' pluripotent state. (nature.com)
In its race to advance assisted reproduction and stem cell associated technologies to save the northern white rhinoceros from extinction, the BioRescue consortium announces a major breakthrough: the creation of primordial germ cell-like cells (PGCLSs) from induced pluripotent stem cells of the northern white rhino Nabire. (izw-berlin.de)
With stem cell associated techniques (SCAT) the BioRescue scientists aim to overcome this bottleneck: By using stored and preserved tissue of rhino skin it should be possible in principle to create induced pluripotent stem cells (iPCSs), primordial germ cells and finally artificial gametes. (izw-berlin.de)
They established culture systems for the southern white rhino, for which embryonic stem cells are available, and the northern white rhino, for which they used induced pluripotent stem cells derived from tissue samples. (izw-berlin.de)
In the case of the white rhinoceroses, Hayashi is working in close cooperation within BioRescue with Sebastian Diecke's Pluripotent Stem Cells Platform at the Max Delbrück Center and with reproduction experts Thomas Hildebrandt from Leibniz-IZW, both of them last authors of the paper, and Cesare Galli from Avantea. (izw-berlin.de)
In its race to advance assisted replica and stem cell related applied sciences to avoid wasting the northern white rhinoceros from extinction, the BioRescue consortium declares a significant breakthrough: the creation of primordial germ cell-like cells (PGCLSs) from induced pluripotent stem cells of the northern white rhino Nabire. (publicaawaz.com)
With stem cell related methods (SCAT) the BioRescue scientists intention to beat this bottleneck: By utilizing saved and preserved tissue of rhino pores and skin it needs to be doable in precept to create induced pluripotent stem cells (iPCSs), primordial germ cells and eventually synthetic gametes. (publicaawaz.com)
Therefore, regulation of NANOG expression plays a critical role in determining the fate of pluripotent cells. (biomedcentral.com)
Basically, we're trying to turn a type of stem cell called an induced pluripotent stem cell into a human egg," Krisiloff says. (wskg.org)
That's because induced pluripotent stem cells can be made from just a single cell from anyone's skin or blood. (wskg.org)
Hurtado starts by putting a sample of induced pluripotent stem cells that the company created from human blood cells under a microscope. (wskg.org)
The company's scientists created the primordial cells by exposing induced pluripotent stem cells to a special protein elixir. (keranews.org)
Recent technologies, for example nuclear transfer and genetic induced reprogramming, have been employed to induce somatic cells into a pluripotent state similar to embryonic status. (fapesp.br)
Comparative Analysis of Human Embryonic Stem Cell and Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Hepatocyte-Like Cells Reveals Current Drawbacks and Possible Strategies for Improved Differentiation. (mpg.de)
Derivation of Pluripotent Stem Cells from Cultured Human Primordial Germ Cells' (1998), by John Gearhart et al. (asu.edu)
In November 1998, two independent reports were published concerning the first isolation of pluripotent human stem cells, one of which was "Derivation of Pluripotent Stem Cells from Cultured Human Primordial Germ Cells. (asu.edu)
Generation of Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells Using Recombinant Proteins' (2009), by Hongyan Zhou et al. (asu.edu)
Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) are studied carefully by scientists not just because they are a potential source of stem cells that circumvents ethical controversy involved with experimentation on human embryos, but also because of their unique potential to advance the field of regenerative medicine. (asu.edu)
The suit was filed because Nightlight Christian Adoptions, a frozen embryo adoption agency, felt that the Guidelines for Research Using Human Pluripotent Stem Cells published by the National Institutes for Health were unlawful and violated the restrictions on human embryo research put into place by the Dickey-Wicker Amendment. (asu.edu)
The authors begin the paper by noting their desire to find a method for inducing somatic cells of patients to return to a pluripotent state, a state from which the cell can differentiate into any type of tissue but cannot form an entire organism. (asu.edu)
Generation of Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells without Myc from Mouse and Human Fibroblasts' (2007), by Masato Nakagawa et al. (asu.edu)
In November 2007, Masato Nakagawa, along with a number of other researchers including Kazutoshi Takahashi, Keisuke Okita, and Shinya Yamanaka, published "Generation of Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells without Myc from Mouse and Human Fibroblasts" (abbreviated "Generation") in Nature. (asu.edu)
In "Generation," the authors point to dedifferentiation of somatic cells as an avenue for generating pluripotent stem cells useful for treating specific patients and diseases. (asu.edu)
Human pluripotent stem cells are valued for their potential to form numerous specialized cells and for their longevity. (asu.edu)
Adult stem cells are classified as pluripotent and are undifferentiated cells that remain quiescent in tissues until stimulated, when they can create cell types that are compatible with the tissue in which they reside. (bvsalud.org)

The cell of origin of CNS GCTs remains controversial. (medscape.com)

Seminoma is the most common pure germ cell tumor (GCT) of the testis, accounting for up to 50% of cases. (medscape.com)
Overall, 60% of germ cell neoplasms have seminoma in their composition, but pure seminomas are genetically different from those that present as a component of a mixed tumor. (medscape.com)
Less frequently, a tubular morphology can be seen (see the images below), posing a differential diagnosis with Sertoli cell tumor. (medscape.com)
However, the smaller the residual mass, the lower the chance that it harbors viable tumor cells. (medscape.com)
If the germ cells survive, rapid growth ensues, owing to the lack of normal contact inhibition, hence germ cell tumor (GCT) formation. (medscape.com)
Reproductive and sexual function after platinum-based chemotherapy in long-term ovarian germ cell tumor survivors: a Gynecologic Oncology Group Study. (medscape.com)

from dividing nuclei becoming encircled by cell membranes, occurring at the posterior pole of the embryo. (wikipedia.org)
Crucial to embryo production is the availability of oocytes (egg cells) and sperm. (izw-berlin.de)
Essential to embryo manufacturing is the provision of oocytes (egg cells) and sperm. (publicaawaz.com)
Here, we show that germ cell factors in the sea star initially are present broadly, then become restricted dorsally and then in the left side of the embryo where the germ cells form a posterior enterocoel. (biologists.com)
At the same time, all other cells of the embryo become somatic cells. (biologists.com)
An inherited ( Fig. 1 A) mechanism relies on asymmetrically localized materials in the egg and/or early embryo that directs the embryonic cells that acquire this material to take on a germ cell fate. (biologists.com)
Dullard/Ctdnep1 modulates WNT signalling activity for the formation of primordial germ cells in the mouse embryo. (jax.org)
During embryo development, naïve cell lineages undergo concurrent processes of fate specification and morphogenesis as critical steps towards the generation of differentiated tissues and organs. (elifesciences.org)

As such, the proper development of the germ cell lineage, cells with the developmental potential to become an egg or sperm, is essential for the survival of sexually reproducing animals. (biologists.com)
IVG could create eggs from one of Hurtado's cells that could then be fertilized with sperm from his partner. (wskg.org)
The variants that cause fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva occur as a random (de novo) event during the formation of reproductive cells (eggs or sperm) in an affected person's parent or in early embryonic development. (medlineplus.gov)
We can't convert fish embryonic stem cells into eggs and sperm," explains Goro Yoshizaki from Tokyo University of Fisheries. (bioedonline.org)
In 16 of the fish, the cells migrated to the gonads, where their green glow revealed them turning into eggs or sperm. (bioedonline.org)
Other scientists raise specific concerns that mainly relate to the timing of the processes that lead to the sperm cells. (scientificamerican.com)

Primordial germ cells are among the first lineages that are established in development and they are the precursors for gametes. (wikipedia.org)
Because the risk of creating hereditary diseases would increase when the genome of embryonic precursors of germ cells is impaired, and because sensitivities and genotoxic mechanisms of a toxic substance may vary among different cell types, assessments of such a risk would be best performed using human germline precursor cells. (nih.gov)
However, the lack of cell culture models of human germ cell precursors suitable for in vitro assessments has been a significant obstacle to understanding the realistic risk that chemical exposure initiates heritable diseases as well as to develop strategies for protecting the genome of human germ cells. (nih.gov)
Here, we describe protocols for specifying hPGC-like cells (hPGCLCs) from resetting precursors and progressing them with the support of human hindgut organoids. (cam.ac.uk)

After becoming chief pathologist at the University of Wisconsin-Madison Wisconsin Regional Primate Center in 1995, James A. Thomson began his pioneering work in deriving embryonic stem cells from isolated embryos. (asu.edu)
Patterns are ubiquitous in living systems and underlie the dynamic organization of cells, tissues, and embryos. (mpi-cbg.de)
These results where can you get clarinex suggest that PAM-distal cleavage by Cas12a To investigate the effect on pole cell expressing endogenously tagged Osk-sfGFP or Vas-EGFP (Fig 3B) to account for loss of nos and pgc RNA detected pairwise by smFISH in granules in pre-pole bud stage embryos. (billfryer.com)

Most testicular cancers originate in primordial germ cells. (msdmanuals.com)

Therefore, in vitro PGC culturing is necessary to obtain sufficient cells for further genetic engineering. (nii.ac.jp)
Hence, global gene expression and epigenetics of cells submitted to in vitro induction of pluripotency and subsequent differentiation into PGCCLs. (fapesp.br)
generated haploid male gametes from mouse embryonic stem cells that can produce viable and fertile offspring, demonstrating functional reproduction of meiosis in vitro. (scientificamerican.com)

This lineage participates in reproduction and directly contributes to the next generation while all remaining cells, somatic cells, are destined to die. (biologists.com)

Genetic changes have also been studied in the past few decades, with documentation of aneuploid DNA content in seminomas and intratubular germ cell neoplasia of the unclassified type (IGCNU), the precursor lesion. (medscape.com)
Stem cells are defined as undifferentiated cells that have precursor properties, are capable of forming many different cell types and have the property of unlimited self-renewal 5 . (bvsalud.org)
Bone marrow appears to contain three stem cell populations: hematopoietic stem cells, stromal stem cells and endothelial precursor cells. (bvsalud.org)

In male fruit flies (Drosophila), the expression -- or activity -- of genes on most of the single X chromosomes is doubled to match the expression of the two X chromosomes in female cells. (sciencedaily.com)
The division of Drosophila primordial germ cells. (billfryer.com)

Nevertheless, human PGC-like cells can be generated, albeit at very low frequency, by spontaneous differentiation of human embryonic stem cells (ESCs). (nature.com)
Claire Rougeulle and colleagues report the discovery of a long noncoding RNA, XACT , that coats the active X chromosome in human embryonic stem cells. (nature.com)
Resetting hPGCLCs (rhPGCLCs) are specified from human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) transitioning from the primed into the naïve state of pluripotency. (cam.ac.uk)
Computational analysis of genome-wide DNA methylation during the differentiation of human embryonic stem cells along the endodermal lineage. (mpg.de)
In silico identification of a core regulatory network of OCT4 in human embryonic stem cells using an integrated approach. (mpg.de)
Epigenetic Analysis of Human Embryonic Stem Cells: Basics, Computational Methods, Applications. (mpg.de)
Multivariate statistical analysis of epigenetic regulation with application to the analysis of human embryonic stem cells. (mpg.de)

Several embryonic tissues and organs originate from small sets of progenitor cells. (elifesciences.org)

Comparative molecular portraits of human unfertilized oocytes and primordial germ cells at 10 weeks of gestation. (mpg.de)

It is thought that every step after specification may function as a selective mechanism to ensure germ cells are of the highest quality. (wikipedia.org)
The mechanism of germ cell specification varies among animals but roughly clusters into either inherited or inductive mechanisms. (biologists.com)
The inductive mechanism, the use of cell-cell interactions for germ cell specification, appears to be the ancestral mechanism in animal phylogeny, yet the pathways responsible for this process are only recently surfacing. (biologists.com)
These results document a signaling mechanism required for the sequential restriction of germ cell factors, which causes a specific set of embryonic cells to become the primordial germ cells. (biologists.com)
Therefore, identification of regulatory elements within the promoter region is considered crucial to understand the mechanism underlying transcriptional regulation in specific cell types. (biomedcentral.com)
That complex doesn't exist in germ cells, so it was assumed that dosage compensation occurred in those cells by some other mechanism," said lead author Colin Meiklejohn, "We showed there is no upregulation of X chromosomes in the testes of flies. (sciencedaily.com)
Here, we uncovered a mechanism of progenitor cell allocation that stems from an incomplete process of epithelial delamination that allows progenitors to coordinate their movement with adjacent extra-embryonic tissues. (elifesciences.org)
The remaining delaminated cells follow the movement of apically attached progenitors by a protrusion-dependent cell-cell contact mechanism, avoiding sequestration by the adjacent endoderm, ensuring their collective fate and allocation at the site of differentiation. (elifesciences.org)

A data integration approach to mapping OCT4 gene regulatory networks operative in embryonic stem cells and embryonal carcinoma cells. (mpg.de)

It is an essential structural component of mammalian cell membranes. (absoluteastronomy.com)

As PGC-like cells represent the earliest stage of the human germ cell lineage, they provide a tool for further understanding the mechanisms underlying the specification and maintenance of the human germline, which cannot always be extrapolated from studies in mice. (nature.com)
Specification of the germ cell lineage is required for sexual reproduction in animals. (biologists.com)
An early step required for germ cell development is specification, when a subset of cells acquire a unique set of instructional molecules that cause them to become germ cells. (biologists.com)
Two distinct mechanisms for germ cell specification have been described in animals. (biologists.com)

We find that Nodal signaling is required for the restriction of two germ cell factors, Nanos and Vasa, during the early development of this animal. (biologists.com)

The germ line is the only immortal cell lineage in most animals. (biologists.com)
In addition, TFs generally initiate and guide cell fate such as lineage progression and control the stability of cell differentiation [ 5 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

Conception Chief Scientific Officer Pablo Hurtado (from left), Chief Operating Officer Bianka Seres and CEO Matt Krisiloff are working on technology that could create human eggs from blood cells. (wskg.org)

Chicken primordial germ cells are initially specified in the area pellucida (a one-cell thick layer of epiblast lying above the sub-germinal space). (wikipedia.org)

The scientists relied on knowledge from the mouse model: In 2016, Katsuhiko Hayashi and his team managed to create primordial germ cell-like cells and finally germ cells from mice that were fertilised in the lab and resulted in healthy offspring being born. (izw-berlin.de)
The scientists relied on data from the mouse mannequin: In 2016, Katsuhiko Hayashi and his crew managed to create primordial germ cell-like cells and eventually germ cells from mice that have been fertilised within the lab and resulted in wholesome offspring being born. (publicaawaz.com)
In a series of experiments examining the T cells and B cells of multiple generations of Agouti Viable Yellow mice, the researchers screened the animals' genomes searching for transposable elements that were methylated similarly to the one that sits next to the Agouti gene. (the-scientist.com)

however, as Professor Azim Surani commented: "It's not impossible that we could take these cells on towards making gametes, but whether we could ever use them is another question for another time" ( The Guardian , 24 Dec 2014). (nature.com)

In combination with other cellular changes, abnormal ACVR1 receptor activity can make cells grow and divide uncontrollably, leading to cancer. (medlineplus.gov)

NUT protein immunoreactivity in ovarian germ cell tumours. (medscape.com)

Moreover, PGC-like cells initiated DNA demethylation, consistent with a germline-specific epigenetic programme. (nature.com)
Moreover, as these cells erase their epigenetic marks by undergoing global demethylation, Surani suggested: "This could tell us how to erase [age-related] epigenetic mutations. (nature.com)
Because germ cells are exclusively capable of passing the genetic materials to the progeny, damages to their genome - either involving DNA mutations or only affecting epigenetic machineries - impose a unique risk of initiating heritable disorders. (nih.gov)
Regulation of the NANOG gene by TFs, epigenetic factors, and autoregulatory factors is well characterized in ESCs, and transcriptional regulation of NANOG is well established in these cells. (biomedcentral.com)
The first wave of epigenetic erasure happens in primordial germ cells. (the-scientist.com)

We learned that Nodal inhibits germ cell factor accumulation in three ways including: inhibition of specific transcription, degradation of specific mRNAs and inhibition of tissue morphogenesis. (biologists.com)
Furthermore, small interfering RNA-mediated knockdown demonstrated that POU5F3 , SOX2 , and CEBP played a role in cell type-specific transcription of cNANOG . (biomedcentral.com)
We show for the first time that different trans -regulatory elements control transcription of cNANOG in a cell type-specific manner. (biomedcentral.com)

PRDM14 mediates chemosensitivity and glycolysis in drug‑resistant A549/cisplatin cells and their progenitor A549 human lung adenocarcinoma cells. (nih.gov)

The animalcules have become variously known as germs, microbes, bacteria, micro-organisms or simply 'organisms. (cdc.gov)

Germ granules also play a role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the boxed regions show Patr-1 (cyan box), but where can you get clarinex not to others. (billfryer.com)
An alternate hypothesis is that translation of germ granules Our data suggest that, in contrast to earlier nuclear cycles when granules almost always contain at least 1 of the protein and single deletions will cause frame-shifts. (billfryer.com)
After expression of the germ granules, sequestration within germ granules play throughout the posterior poles facing the same decapping activators can regulate substrate specificity. (billfryer.com)

Biologists have discovered that dosage compensation does not occur in the reproductive cells of male fruit flies. (sciencedaily.com)
But University biologists have discovered that is not the case with the germ (reproductive) cells in the testes. (sciencedaily.com)
A complex of proteins called the dosage compensation complex is responsible for upregulating gene expression in somatic (non-reproductive) cells. (sciencedaily.com)
The fact that the resulting cell could be injected into an egg and produce a viable animal is a stringent test," says Allan Spradling, a reproductive biologist at the Carnegie Institution for Science in Baltimore, Maryland. (scientificamerican.com)

The cells were then transferred to a culture medium containing BMP2 or BMP4, leukaemia inhibitory factor (LIF), stem cell factor (SCF), epidermal growth factor (EGF) and RHO-kinase (ROCK) inhibitor, which induced PGC-like cells. (nature.com)
We can now take any embryonic stem cell line and once we have them in the proper conditions, we can make these primordial cells in five to six days" ( The Guardian , 24 Dec 2014). (nature.com)
In order for them to be developed from stem cells, they need a very specific environment in which signals from hormones or proteins trigger the required morphological and functional transformation. (izw-berlin.de)
To ensure that them to be developed from stem cells, they want a really particular atmosphere through which indicators from hormones or proteins set off the required morphological and useful transformation. (publicaawaz.com)
Combinatorial binding in human and mouse embryonic stem cells identifies conserved enhancers active in early embryonic development. (mpg.de)
Additional plaintiffs with this suit were the Christian Medical Association, adult stem cell researcher Dr. (asu.edu)
This lawsuit was filed in hopes of gaining injunctive relief against a moratorium on the federal funding of stem cell research. (asu.edu)
The plaintiffs in the case were seven prominent scientists who performed embryonic stem cell research and three patients: James Thomson, Roger Pedersen, John Gearhart, Douglas Melton, Dan Kaufman, Alan Trounson, Martin Pera, Christopher Reeve, James Cordy, and James Tyree. (asu.edu)
That same year, Thomson published his first paper, "Isolation of a Primate Embryonic Stem Cell Line," in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, detailing the first derivation of primate embryonic stem cells. (asu.edu)
But some scientists are not convinced by the report, which is published today in Cell Stem Cell . (scientificamerican.com)
The results are super-exciting and important," says Jacob Hanna, a stem-cell scientist at the Weizmann Institute of Science in Rehovot, Israel. (scientificamerican.com)
Now, Xiao-Yang Zhao, a development biologist at the Southern Medical University in Guangzhou, and Qi Zhou, a cloning specialist and stem-cell biologist at the Institute of Zoology in Beijing, along with colleagues from Nanjing Medical University, say that they have trumped Saitou's work by carrying out more of the process in a dish. (scientificamerican.com)
Since stem cells were discovered, professionals in many different areas of healthcare have been using them as an important tool for fighting diseases, particularly diseases for which science has been unable to find cures. (bvsalud.org)
A stem cell is an undifferentiated unit with powerful self-renewal properties that is capable of organizing other cell types in the body. (bvsalud.org)
Many studies have shown the utility of embryonic or adult stem cells for forming teeth and for regeneration of bone and soft tissues. (bvsalud.org)
In view of the importance of the subject, this article provides a review of the literature on studies of stem cells and their potential applications in dentistry. (bvsalud.org)
Stem Cells, Dentistry, Regeneration. (bvsalud.org)
Researchers and health professionals consider stem cells to be an important weapon in the fight against diseases, particularly those that have resisted the efforts of science for a long time, and they have become the subject of a great deal of recent research. (bvsalud.org)
Stem cells are nonspecific cells with powerful self-regeneration properties and they are capable of organizing other cell types in the body. (bvsalud.org)
Stem cells can divide into two cells identical to the original stem cell or into differentiated cell types, depending on their origin and differentiation potency. (bvsalud.org)
There are basically two types of stem cells: embryonic and somatic (or adult). (bvsalud.org)
Embryonic stem cells are derived from the inner cell mass of a blastocyst, which is an accumulation of primordial cells (4-5 days after fertilization). (bvsalud.org)
By definition, adult stem cells are capable of differentiation into at least two lineages and have the property of self-renewal. (bvsalud.org)
Stem cells can be found in bone marrow and blood. (bvsalud.org)
Hematopoietic stem cells are cells isolated from blood and bone marrow that can differentiate into a variety of different specialized cells and suffer apoptosis 1 . (bvsalud.org)

Many studies have investigated germ cell-specific gene promoters to understand their regulatory mechanisms. (biomedcentral.com)
In normal cells, mdm2 availability is controlled by ARF, the product of the p14ARF gene located on INK4a/ARF locus, which binds with mdm2 and induces its degradation. (medscape.com)

Median survival was 45.81 months and patients of increased Tc cells, activated T helper cells(CD4 + CD25 + T cells or activated Th cells), activated Tc cells and normal CD4 + /CD8 + ratio presented encouraging outcomes (p = 0.007;0.016;0.028;0.016 respectively). (researchsquare.com)

In vertebrate development, the location where primordial germ cells are specified and the subsequent migratory paths that they take differs among species. (wikipedia.org)
Biotechniques, including surrogate propagation derived from primordial germ cell (PGC) transplantation, are valuable tools for the reconstitution of endangered fish species. (ehu.eus)

SOX17 was essential and sufficient to induce PGC fate in a cell-autonomous manner. (nature.com)
A critical role of PRDM14 in human primordial germ cell fate revealed by inducible degrons. (nih.gov)

AMBRA1 is an intrinsically disordered protein, working as a scaffold molecule to coordinate, by protein-protein interaction, many cellular processes, including autophagy, mitophagy, apoptosis and cell cycle progression. (biomedcentral.com)
The cell carrying this abnormality is relatively protected against apoptotic death because of the oncogenic effect of CCND2, leading to re-initiation of cell cycle and genomic instability. (medscape.com)

Within a few days, a large proportion of cells formed in embryoid bodies expressed NANOS3-mCherry as well as other key PGC genes, indicating that they were probably nascent germ cells. (nature.com)
The encoded protein may possess histone methyltransferase activity and plays a critical role in cell pluripotency by suppressing the expression of differentiation marker genes. (nih.gov)

Elevated serum human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) levels can occur in seminomas and correlate with syncytiotrophoblastic giant cells seen histologically. (medscape.com)

This study reports the development of a robust method to induce human PGC-like cells. (nature.com)
This indicates that the culture medium influences the maintenance and development of the cultivated cells. (ehu.eus)
7, 2021 Developmental biologists have discovered that during egg development in fruit flies, intercellular gaps open between epithelial cells in a controlled way at the points where three cells meet. (sciencedaily.com)
This arrangement allows receptors to receive signals from outside the cell and transmit them inside to affect cell development and function. (medlineplus.gov)
And other stages of germ-cell development occurred unexpectedly quickly: in a real mouse, it takes more than 4 weeks for the PGC to become a spermatid, for example, but the Chinese team reports a 14-day interval between artificial PGC and spermatid. (scientificamerican.com)
The first suggests that fetal gonocytes whose development into spermatogonia is blocked may undergo abnormal cell division and then invasive growth mediated by postnatal and pubertal gonadotrophin stimulation. (medscape.com)
During this stage of germ cell development, aberrant chromatid exchange events associated with crossing over can occur. (medscape.com)

Importantly, the authors could also obtain PGC-like cells from iPSCs, which widens the range of potential applications, such as disease modelling from patient-derived iPSCs. (nature.com)
First generated in a lab by Kazutoshi Takahashi and Shinya Yamanaka in 2006, iPSCs have the ability to differentiate into cells of all types. (asu.edu)

The second model postulates that the most likely target cell for transformation is the zygotene-pachytene spermatocyte. (medscape.com)

The methylation marks on these transposable elements are also wiped clean and reprogrammed after fertilization, the team found, meaning they can't be directly passed from generation to generation ( Cell , 175:1259-71.e13, 2018). (the-scientist.com)

Alpha fetoprotein (AFP) is not produced by seminoma cells, and its serum detection usually indicates a nonseminomatous component. (medscape.com)

Following the formation of the primitive streak, the germ cells are carried to the germinal crescent region. (wikipedia.org)

Anatomy45

Organisms29

Diseases20

Chemicals and Drugs56

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment32

Psychiatry and Psychology1

Phenomena and Processes73

Disciplines and Occupations3

Technology, Industry, Agriculture1

Information Science4

PGCs37

Tumors27

Zebrafish1

Migration13

Malignant4

Pluripotent26

GCTs1

Tumor6

Embryo8

Sperm6

Precursors4

Embryos3

Testicular1

Vitro3

Somatic cells1

Precursor3

Drosophila2

Human embryonic stem7

Originate1

Oocytes1

Mechanism8

Embryonal1

Mammalian1

Specification4

Vasa1

Lineage2

Eggs1

Chicken1

Mice3

Gametes1

Receptor1

Tumours1

Epigenetic5

Transcription3

Glycolysis1

Organisms1

Granules3

Reproductive4

Stem25

Gene2

Survival1

Species2

Fate2

Cycle2

Genes2

Seminomas1

Development7

IPSCs2

Postulates1

Methylation1

Nonseminomatous1

Germinal1