• The granular dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC) is an evolutionary specialization of primates that is centrally involved in cognition. (kcl.ac.uk)
  • Bunge, 2004 ) have attributed a role for the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) (particularly the left DLPFC) in the application and maintenance of rules, rather than in their initial learning. (jneurosci.org)
  • Yet, high-anxious individuals fail to recruit FPl during emotional action control, relying instead on dorsolateral and medial prefrontal areas. (nature.com)
  • For performance of the same movements during the motor + imagery condition, additional brain regions were significantly engaged including the left inferior parietal lobule and right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. (medicaljournals.se)
  • 2022 ) More prominent non-linear mixed selectivity in the dorsolateral prefrontal than posterior parietal cortex. (neurotree.org)
  • Neurons in the primate dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC) generate persistent firing in the absence of sensory stimulation, the foundation of mental representation. (nyu.edu)
  • Activity in homeostatic (hypothalamus), reward (amygdala, putamen and insula), frontal (anterior cingulate cortex, dorsolateral prefrontal cortex), and visual regions (calcarine and lateral occipital cortex). (medscape.com)
  • The above molecular differences are also illustrated by expression of the neuropsychiatric risk gene FOXP2 , which is human-specific in microglia and primate-specific in layer 4 granular neurons. (kcl.ac.uk)
  • The goal is to investigate prefrontal pathways that interface with both excitatory and inhibitory neurons in cortical and subcortical structures that may provide the basis for the selection of relevant information and suppression of irrelevant information in behavior. (bu.edu)
  • In the present study we analyzed synaptic spine density on the dendrites of layer IIIC cortico-cortical and layer V cortico-subcortical projecting pyramidal neurons in a large sample of human prefrontal cortices in subjects ranging in age from newborn to 91 y. (dericbownds.net)
  • MIT researchers used an object recognition task (e.g., recognizing that there is a "bird" and not an "elephant" in the shown image) in studying the role of feedback from the primate ventrolateral prefrontal cortex (vlPFC) to the inferior temporal (IT) cortex via a network of neurons. (medicalxpress.com)
  • Led by Kohitij Kar, a postdoc at the McGovern Institute for Brain Research and Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, the study looked at an area called the ventrolateral prefrontal cortex (vlPFC), which sends feedback signals to the inferior temporal (IT) cortex via a network of neurons. (medicalxpress.com)
  • Alzheimer C, Schwindt PC, Crill WE (1993) Modal gating of Na+ channels as a mechanism of persistent Na+ current in pyramidal neurons from rat and cat sensorimotor cortex. (yale.edu)
  • Berger B, Febvret A, Greengard P, Goldman-Rakic PS (1990) DARPP-32, a phosphoprotein enriched in dopaminoceptive neurons bearing dopamine D1 receptors: distribution in the cerebral cortex of the newborn and adult rhesus monkey. (yale.edu)
  • Brody CD, Hernandez A, Lemus L, Romo R (1999) Interactions between single prefrontal neurons during parametric working memory. (yale.edu)
  • The main structural feature of the cerebral cortex is the arrangement of cortical neurons and glial cells in layers that run parallel to the surface of the brain. (springer.com)
  • For example, it has been shown that single neurons in the prefrontal and posterior parietal neocortices for humans 17 , 18 and primates 19 spontaneously respond to specific numerosity. (biorxiv.org)
  • This includes discoveries relating to the role of the prefrontal cortex in behaviour, understanding learning and memory, modelling Parkinson's disease, and the role of the amygdala in conditioned reinforcement. (wikipedia.org)
  • Additionally, those with increased BMI have increased amygdala and left prefrontal cortex volume. (neurosciencenews.com)
  • Although the origin of this failure is unclear, one candidate system involves control of emotional actions, coordinated through lateral frontopolar cortex (FPl) via amygdala and sensorimotor connections. (nature.com)
  • Research involves investigation of bidirectional pathways between prefrontal cortices and structures associated with sensory, cognitive, mnemonic and emotional processes in the cortex, the thalamus, and the amygdala. (bu.edu)
  • ANN-IT responses also explained a significant fraction of the image-level behavioral predictivity associated with neural activity in the human amygdala - strongly suggesting that the previously reported facial emotion intensity encodes in the human amygdala could be primarily driven by projections from the IT cortex. (biorxiv.org)
  • Here we demonstrate that the basic neuronal building block of the cerebral cortex, the pyramidal cell, is characterized by marked differences in structure among primate species. (anthropogeny.org)
  • Development and evolution of cerebral and cerebellar cortex. (wustl.edu)
  • It is generally accepted that synaptic pruning in the cerebral cortex, including prefrontal areas, occurs at puberty and is completed during early adolescence [Huttenlocher PR, et al. (dericbownds.net)
  • Berger B, Gaspar P, Verney C (1991) Dopaminergic innervation of the cerebral cortex: unexpected differences between rodents and primates. (yale.edu)
  • Berger B, Trottier S, Verney C, Gaspar P, Alvarez C (1988) Regional and laminar distribution of the dopamine and serotonin innervation in the macaque cerebral cortex: a radioautographic study. (yale.edu)
  • We also represent the topological distribution of cortical types in simplified flat maps of the cerebral cortex of monotremes, rats, and primates. (springer.com)
  • 2019 )]. According to the original enunciation of the Hypothesis on the Dual Origin of the Neocortex, the tangential expansion of the cerebral cortex is traced to two ancestral anlagen in the allocortex: the ancestral olfactory cortex and the ancestral hippocampal cortex, which form a continuous ring at the limit of each brain hemisphere. (springer.com)
  • 6. Björklund, A., Divac, I., Lindvall, O.: Regional distribution of catecholamines in monkey cerebral cortex, evidence for a dopaminergic innervation of the primate prefrontal cortex. (lu.se)
  • Previous studies of global brain hypoxia ischemia have primarily focused on injury to the cerebral cortex and to the hippocampus. (cdc.gov)
  • Recent lesion-based research studies have defined the roles of two different parts of the primate PFC - the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) and the ventral lateral frontal cortex (VLFC) - and their subdivisions in evaluating each of these factors and in mediating credit assignment during reward-based decision-making. (nature.com)
  • how long does our pre-frontal cortex stay young? (dericbownds.net)
  • We discovered a network of subcortical and cortical areas, predominately in the anterior lateral frontal and medial frontal cortex, that was specifically activated by social interaction observation. (elifesciences.org)
  • In Old World macaque monkeys, Sliwa and Freiwald, 2017 recently identified areas in parietal and frontal cortex that were exclusively activated by the observation of social interactions of other macaques using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). (elifesciences.org)
  • Direct support for the involvement of the frontal cortex in OR comes from studies in which lesions of the frontal cortex impaired, while lesions of the hippocampus did not impair, performance in the task (Diamond et al. (springer.com)
  • Les études de connectivité par traçage chez les primates non humains ont révélé une multitude de connexions corticales entre l'insula et les lobes frontal (cortex orbitofrontal, cortex préfrontal, régions cingulaires, aire motrice supplémentaire), pariétal (cortex somatosensoriel primaire et secondaire) et temporal (pôle temporal, cortex auditif, cortex prorhinal et entorhinal). (umontreal.ca)
  • NEW ORLEANS - New insights into the wiring and firing of the "social brain" in humans and primates reveals the brain areas important in altruistic motives and behavior, and the brain regions that respond to the pain of discrimination. (sfn.org)
  • There is a growing body of work on how facial identity is encoded in the primate brain, especially in the Fusiform Face Areas (FFA) in humans 5 , 6 and in the topographically specific "face patch" systems of the inferior temporal (IT) cortex of the rhesus macaques 7 - 9 . (biorxiv.org)
  • A promising nonhuman primate model for investigating the neural basis of social interaction observation is the common marmoset ( Callithrix jacchus ), a small New World primate that shares a rich social repertoire with humans. (elifesciences.org)
  • Research has found that the "neo-cerebellum" - part of the cerebellum that expanded in primates and humans in particular - communicates with the prefrontal cortex, and that could affect everything from language to thought generation. (berkeley.edu)
  • Sanides developed this hypothesis based on his observations of the cortex of humans, non-human primates, cats, and rats and on the works of Raymon Dart ( 1934 ) on the cortex of reptiles and Andrew A. Abbie ( 1940 , 1942 ) on the cortex of marsupials and monotremes [see Table 2 in García-Cabezas et al. (springer.com)
  • Studies in primates and humans have shown that eating patterns vary across the menstrual cycle, reaching a peak at the midluteal phase compared with the follicular phase. (medscape.com)
  • 2015 ) Phenylephrine enhances glutamate release in the medial prefrontal cortex through interaction with N-type Ca2+ channels and release machinery. (neurotree.org)
  • 2014 ) Reduction of glutamate release probability and the number of releasable vesicles are required for suppression of glutamatergic transmission by β1-adrenoceptors in the medial prefrontal cortex. (neurotree.org)
  • Moreover, comparison of the complexity of neuron structure with the size of the cortical area/region in which the cells are located revealed that trends in the granular prefrontal cortex (gPFC) were dramatically different to those in visual cortex. (anthropogeny.org)
  • Although the content of working memory (WM) can be decoded from the spatial patterns of brain activity in early visual cortex, how populations encode WM representations remains unclear. (mit.edu)
  • Using this approach, we could successfully reconstruct the locations of memory-guided saccade goals based on the pattern of activity in visual cortex during a memory delay. (mit.edu)
  • By comparing the spatiotemporal population dynamics, we find that the representations in visual cortex are stable but can also evolve from a representation of a remembered visual stimulus to a prospective goal. (mit.edu)
  • Indeed, we find that trial-by-trial fluctuations in delay period activity in frontal and parietal cortex correlate with the precision with which our model reconstructed the maintained saccade goal based on the pattern of activity in visual cortex. (mit.edu)
  • Therefore, the population dynamics in visual cortex encode WM representations, and these representations can be sculpted by top-down signals from frontal and parietal cortex. (mit.edu)
  • The present study makes clear the integral role of the recurrent connections between the vlPFC and the primate ventral visual cortex during rapid object recognition. (medicalxpress.com)
  • Activity in homeostatic, reward, and decision-making regions as well as in afferent (visual) cortex was assessed. (medscape.com)
  • For the motor condition, the anticipated motor network was activated and included left sensorimotor cortex and right cerebellum. (medicaljournals.se)
  • We generated a comprehensive survey of the dlPFC cellular repertoire and its shared and divergent features in anthropoid primates. (kcl.ac.uk)
  • Here, we examined glutamate receptor influences underlying persistent firing in primate dlPFC during a spatial working memory task. (nyu.edu)
  • In this study, we adapted a rule attainment task, the Brixton Spatial Anticipation Test ( Burgess and Shallice, 1996 ), to a functional imaging context with the goal of testing the contribution of different prefrontal cortex (PFC) and temporo-parietal regions to rule acquisition and rule following. (jneurosci.org)
  • Moreover, because the representation of the antisaccade goal cannot be the result of bottom-up visual stimulation, it must be evoked by top-down signals presumably originating from frontal and/or parietal cortex. (mit.edu)
  • A recent meta-analysis of imaging studies in nondisabled adults (16) identified several motor planning and movement execution regions on both sides of the brain that were consistently active during imagery including premotor, prefrontal, and parietal cortices, basal ganglia, thalamus, and cerebellum. (medicaljournals.se)
  • While the literature on individuals recovering from stroke is less robust, similar brain regions have been reported as playing a role in motor imagery after stroke, specifically bilateral premotor, prefrontal, and parietal cortices (17-20). (medicaljournals.se)
  • Tracing studies on non-human primates reveal a wide array of cortical connections in the frontal (orbitofrontal and prefrontal cortices, cingulate areas, and supplementary motor area), parietal (primary and secondary somatosensory cortices) and temporal (temporal pole, auditory, prorhinal and entorhinal cortices) lobes. (umontreal.ca)
  • 2021 ) Drifts in Prefrontal and Parietal Neuronal Activity Influence Working Memory Judgments. (neurotree.org)
  • Li S, Qi X, Constantinidis C. ( 2019 ) Neuronal activity in Prefrontal and Posterior Parietal Cortex Mediating Working Memory Judgments Journal of Vision . (neurotree.org)
  • A. Easton, A. Parker, D. Gaffan, Memory Encoding and Retrieval: The Nature of the Interactions between the Primate Frontal Lobe and Posterior Cortex. (routledge.com)
  • Brain imaging revealed that the rear (posterior) part of the lateral prefrontal cortex processes an individual's current situation, while the front (anterior) prepares for future situations. (elifesciences.org)
  • there are dramatic differences in the functional capabilities of gPFC circuitry in different species, which are central to the different cognitive styles of primates. (anthropogeny.org)
  • Brozoski TJ, Brown RM, Rosvold HE, Goldman PS (1979) Cognitive deficit caused by regional depletion of dopamine in prefrontal cortex of rhesus monkey. (yale.edu)
  • Connections between the cerebellum and the prefrontal cortex could enable the cerebellum to contribute to cognitive function. (berkeley.edu)
  • Moreover, frontopolar cortex (FPC) was active throughout the rule acquisition and rule following phases before a rule became familiar. (jneurosci.org)
  • Frontopolar cortex (FPC) has also been proposed to contribute to rule learning. (jneurosci.org)
  • Tetanic stimuli to layer I-II afferents in rat prefrontal cortex induced long-term depression (LTD) of layer I-II to layer V pyramidal neuron glutamatergic synapses when tetani were coupled to bath application of dopamine. (jneurosci.org)
  • Reply to Barton and Montgomery: A case for preferential prefrontal cortical expansion. (wustl.edu)
  • This study demonstrates the importance of prefrontal cortical circuits in automatically boosting object recognition performance in a very particular way," DiCarlo says. (medicalxpress.com)
  • Object retrieval is a prefrontal cortical-mediated task, which is likely to capture attention and response inhibition. (springer.com)
  • The progressive expansion of cortical gradients of laminar elaboration observed from marsupials and monotremes to primates led Friedrich Sanides to propose the Hypothesis on the Dual Origin of the Neocortex (Sanides 1962 , 1970 ). (springer.com)
  • Wallis, J. D. Cross-species studies of orbitofrontal cortex and value-based decision-making. (nature.com)
  • As of October 2002, Cambridge University had three project licences, issued by the Home Office under the Animals (Scientific Procedures) Act 1986, permitting the controlled use of one New World non-human primate species, the common marmoset, Callithrix jacchus. (wikipedia.org)
  • Accordingly, sensitivity to numbers has been documented in a wide variety of vertebrate species from primates and other mammals 5 , 6 to birds 7 , 8 , amphibians 9 , 10 and fish 11 , 12 (for reviews see 13 - 15 ). (biorxiv.org)
  • We observed that if you use pharmacological agents to partially inactivate the vlPFC, then both the monkeys' behavior and IT cortex activity deteriorates, but more so for certain specific images. (medicalxpress.com)
  • Here, I have used brain-tissue mapped artificial neural network (ANN) models of primate vision to probe candidate neural and behavior markers of atypical facial emotion recognition in IwA at an image-by-image level. (biorxiv.org)
  • This behavioral mismatch was most remarkable when the ANN behavior was decoded from units that correspond to the primate inferior temporal (IT) cortex. (biorxiv.org)
  • Circuitry of primate prefrontal cortex and regulation of behavior by representational memory. (bvsalud.org)
  • The findings enrich existing models of the neural circuitry involved in visual perception and help to further unravel the computational code for solving object recognition in the primate brain. (medicalxpress.com)
  • The main goal of this study was to test how the back-and-forth information processing of this circuitry-that is, this recurrent neural network -is essential to rapid object identification in primates. (medicalxpress.com)
  • Constantinidis C, Franowicz MN, Goldman-Rakic PS (1999) Multiple electrode analysis of local circuitry in the primate prefrontal cortex during spatial working memory. (yale.edu)
  • A new neuroimaging study found those who achieved greater success at losing weight showed increased activation in regions of the lateral prefrontal cortex, an area of the brain associated with self control. (neurosciencenews.com)
  • The second experiment used resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to investigate FC changes after sonication of the prefrontal cortex to demonstrate that tFUS modulates brain function in networks related to emotional processing and mood. (frontiersin.org)
  • C. Ranganath, R.T. Knight, Prefrontal Cortex and Episodic Memory: Integrating Findings from Neuropsychology and Functional Brain Imaging. (routledge.com)
  • A. Parker, A. Easton, D. Gaffan, Memory Encoding in the Primate Brain: The Role of the Basal Forebrain. (routledge.com)
  • MIT researchers have identified a brain pathway critical in enabling primates to effortlessly identify objects in their field of vision. (medicalxpress.com)
  • Therefore, we need brain-mapped computational models that can predict at an image-by-image level how primates represent facial emotions across different parts of their brain and how such representations are linked to their performance in facial emotion judgment tasks (like the one used in 4 ). (biorxiv.org)
  • Bergson C, Mrzljak L, Smiley JF, Pappy M, Levenson R, Goldman-Rakic PS (1995) Regional, cellular, and subcellular variations in the distribution of D1 and D5 dopamine receptors in primate brain. (yale.edu)
  • Fiore describes how to ignite the new brain's leadership capabilities to organize the multi-levels of one's brain-the reptilian, the mammalian, and the primate. (emotionalpro.com)
  • He shows you how to access the "new human brain," located in the prefrontal cortex, to maximize efficiency and enjoy a sense of confidence and ease. (emotionalpro.com)
  • Immunoblot analyses with anti-active mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAP-Ks) revealed that D1 receptors, D2 receptors, group I mGluRs, and group II mGluRs all contribute to MAP-K activation in prefrontal cortex, and that combined activation of dopamine receptors and mGluRs synergistically or additively activate MAP-Ks. (jneurosci.org)
  • Durstewitz D, Seamans JK, Sejnowski TJ (2000) Dopamine-mediated stabilization of delay-period activity in a network model of prefrontal cortex. (yale.edu)
  • Cepeda C, Radisavljevic Z, Peacock W, Levine MS, Buchwald NA (1992) Differential modulation by dopamine of responses evoked by excitatory amino acids in human cortex. (yale.edu)
  • The full study, entitled "Fast recurrent processing via ventrolateral prefrontal cortex is needed by the primate ventral stream for robust core visual object recognition," will run in print Jan. 6, 2021. (medicalxpress.com)
  • Value, search, persistence and model updating in anterior cingulate cortex. (nature.com)
  • By contrast, rule following was associated with activation in temporal, motor, and medial/anterior prefrontal cortex. (jneurosci.org)
  • In 2019, Kar, DiCarlo, and colleagues identified that primates must use some recurrent circuits during rapid object recognition . (medicalxpress.com)
  • Based on the 2019 study, it remained unclear, though, exactly which recurrent circuits were responsible for the delayed information boost in the IT cortex. (medicalxpress.com)
  • Meyer, H. C. & Bucci, D. J. Imbalanced activity in the orbitofrontal cortex and nucleus accumbens impairs behavioral inhibition. (nature.com)
  • In this way, the cerebellum is "dumb," he said, as it lacks knowledge of higher order information from the cortex. (berkeley.edu)
  • They also asked patients with prefrontal damage to perform the task, and those participants were unable to correct the automatic drift - showing that prefrontal impairment disrupts the cortex's strategic function from overriding the automated sensor-motor function of the cerebellum. (berkeley.edu)
  • M.G. Baxter, Memory and the Medial Temporal Lobe: Differentiating the Contribution of the Primate Rhinal Cortex. (routledge.com)
  • Experimental approaches include the use of neural tracers to label pathways, combined with histochemical, immunocytochemical and molecular procedures to characterize the postsynaptic site of prefrontal pathways. (bu.edu)
  • Study reports inhibiting the activity of the lateral prefrontal cortex can help knock out emotional spillover. (neurosciencenews.com)
  • These results suggest that tFUS can be used to modulate mood and emotional regulation networks in the prefrontal cortex. (frontiersin.org)
  • The current experiments investigated whether tFUS could modulate mood in healthy participants by sonicating a region in the prefrontal cortex implicated in emotional regulation, thereby uncovering a target for future therapeutic interventions (Experiment 1). (frontiersin.org)
  • Several decades of patient, functional imaging and neurophysiological studies have supported a model in which the lateral prefrontal cortex (PFC) acts to suppress unwanted saccades by inhibiting activity in the oculomotor system. (nih.gov)
  • Finally, studying how these interactions are altered in disorders such as schizophrenia, where the lateral prefrontal cortex shows abnormal activity, might pave the way for more effective treatments. (elifesciences.org)
  • In sum, these results identify primate IT activity as a candidate neural marker and demonstrate how ANN models of vision can be used to generate neural circuit-level hypotheses and guide future human and non-human primate studies in autism. (biorxiv.org)
  • 2020 ) Interplay between persistent activity and activity-silent dynamics in the prefrontal cortex underlies serial biases in working memory. (neurotree.org)
  • Of particular interest is whether the lateral prefrontal cortex has a hierarchical organization wherein a region coordinates the roles of other regions, much like the chief executive of a company. (elifesciences.org)
  • Dr. Barbas's research centers on the organization of the prefrontal cortex and its role in central executive functions in primates. (bu.edu)
  • Cambridge University primate experiments came to public attention in 2002 after the publication that year of material from a ten-month undercover investigation in 1998 by the British Union for the Abolition of Vivisection (BUAV). (wikipedia.org)
  • Part Two: Non-human Primate Studies. (routledge.com)
  • 10 minutes after i.p injection) binding and activation of hM 3 D q and hM 4 D i in mice and non-human primates. (tocris.com)
  • When I first looked at the title "Extraordinary neoteny of synaptic spines in the human prefrontal cortex", I excitedly thought "Great, I'm going to learn that my 69 year old prefrontal cortex is still crafting and pruning synapses. (dericbownds.net)
  • Individual variability in delay of gratification (DG) is associated with a number of important outcomes in both non-human and human primates. (datadryad.org)
  • As these networks share anatomical and functional characteristics, it suggests that the social interaction network may play a key role in these two human networks and be a conserved feature across primates ( Sliwa and Freiwald, 2017 ). (elifesciences.org)
  • However, recent human tractography studies have not observed connections between the insula and the cingulate cortices, although these structures are thought to be functionally intimately connected. (umontreal.ca)
  • Despite the recent interest in the neuroanatomy of inductive reasoning processes, the regional specificity within prefrontal cortex (PFC) for the different mechanisms involved in induction tasks remains to be determined. (jneurosci.org)
  • However, the involvement of the lateral prefrontal cortex in such a wide range of processes makes it difficult to study. (elifesciences.org)
  • We show that areas in the outer rings of the neocortex have comparable laminar elaboration in rats and primates, while most 6-layer eulaminate areas in the innermost rings of primate neocortex lack homologous counterparts in rats. (springer.com)
  • In primate brains, temporally blocking the vlPFC (green shaded area) disrupts the recurrent neural network comprising vlPFC and IT, inducing specific deficits and implicating its role in rapid object identification. (medicalxpress.com)
  • E.C. Warburton, M.W. Brown, A Role for Extraperirhinal Cortices in Recognition Memory? (routledge.com)