Codeine is one of the naturally occurring phenanthrene alkaloids of opium derived from the opium poppy, it is classified pharmacologically as a narcotic analgesic. (nih.gov)
Higher levels of alkaloids were measured during the handling of dry material, as illustrated by the concentration, 23,564 ug/m3, in a short-term sample collected during the hand scooping of dry codeine powder. (cdc.gov)
Under the federal drug scheduling system, opium is a Schedule II drug that serves as raw material for the production of a wide variety of opioid drugs , including morphine, codeine, hydromorphone, oxycodone, hydrocodone, and the illegal substance heroin. (betteraddictioncare.com)
The first type, which is represented by morphine and codeine, acts upon the nervous system and provides analgesic (pain-relieving), narcotic, and potentially addicting effects. (betteraddictioncare.com)
Papaver2
Approved For Release 2001/09/04: CIA-RDP80-01601 R001000040003-7 Approved For Release 2001/09/04: CIA-RDP80-01601 R001000040003-7 The Production, Consumption of Opium and Its Derivatives Sources and Uses of Opium and Opiates Opium is produced from several varieties of the poppy plant, Papaver somniferum. (cia.gov)
During a follow-up survey conducted in December 1988, 32 current employees in the narcotic production area participated in a study of immunologic parameters including opiate skin tests, measurement of serum immunoglobulins and specific IgG and IgE to morphine, assessment of lymphocyte subtypes, and mitogen stimulation assays. (cdc.gov)
Narcotic3
The chief active chemical principle of opium is the alkaloid morphine, the sole source of the drug's simultaneously analgesic, narcotic, and addictive properties. (cia.gov)
The term "Narcotic Drugs" is generally applied to opium and cocaine and their derivatives. (nih.gov)
Experts, however, limit Narcotic Drugs to opium and its derivatives. (nih.gov)
Papaverine1
The second type of alkaloids is often represented by papaverine and noscapine, and this of group chemicals are responsible for relaxes involuntary muscles. (betteraddictioncare.com)
Habitual2
The habitual use of opium for nonmedicinal purposes also reflects long- standing customs in many parts of the world. (cia.gov)
Habitual use of opium can lead to dependence, which renders the person's neurons unable to function normally without the drug, and addiction, which causes the person to seek and use the drug in a compulsive or uncontrollable manner. (betteraddictioncare.com)
Analgesic1
Morphine is a potent opiate analgesic medication and is considered to be the prototypical opioid. (absoluteastronomy.com)
Addicts1
Therapeutically, Buprenorphine is used as a substitution treatment for opioid addicts.Substitution treatment is a form of medical care offered to opiate addicts (primarily heroin addicts) based on a similar or identical substance to the drug normally used. (hematologyanalyzerreagent.com)
Addiction1
At one time, patent: medicines' containing opium were frequent cause of addiction. (nih.gov)
Derivatives2
In modern medicine the use of raw opium has been long superseded by its easily distilled derivatives (opiates) in which the morphine content is isolated. (cia.gov)
Cocaine and Hashish are not strictly classified with opium and its derivatives as habit-forming drugs. (nih.gov)
Eaten1
Opium, in prepared state, is generally smoked or eaten. (nih.gov)
Juice2
Opium is the coagulated juice of the poppy plant and is cultivated in Bast India, China, Persia and Asiatic Turkey. (nih.gov)
Taking its name after the Greek word opion , meaning "poppy juice," opium is extracted from the unripe seed pods of the opium poppy plant. (betteraddictioncare.com)
Naloxone -a substance that blocks heroin from producing a high. (drugabuse.com)
Opium is regarded as a dangerous substance with a high potential for abuse despite its medical benefits. (betteraddictioncare.com)
Powder3
Furthermore, the mean concentration of alkaloids during the short-term dry powder handling operations (mean time = 22 minutes) was 4,823 ug/m3, whereas the mean concentration of alkaloids during the short-term damp powder operations (mean = 19 minutes) was 210 ug/m3. (cdc.gov)
Heroin is a synthetic sender of morphine-morphine-diacetylate ae is generally taken a*% a powder or by injection or snuffed. (nih.gov)
According to the Drug Enforcement Administration, opium can come in solid, liquid, or powder form. (betteraddictioncare.com)
Plant1
citation needed] Plant secondary metabolites are classified by their chemical structure and can be divided into four major classes: terpenes, phenylpropanoids (i.e. phenolics), polyketides, and alkaloids. (wikipedia.org)
Found2
This effect on the body is due to the richness of alkaloids including sioinidosides that can be found in ashwagandha root which makes it serve as a mild sedative for natural anxiety relief. (vitanetonline.com)
Given the present scale of opium-based drug abuse Approved For Release 2001/09/04: CIA-RDP80-01601 R001000040003-7 Approved For Release 2001/09/04: CIA-RDP80-01601 R001000040003-7 it is unlikely to be lastingly suppressed without greater international cooperation in treatment and enforcement programs as well as in attempts to control production directly. (cia.gov)
Time1
By the time the Convention was adopted, the controls over opium -- once it came into the possession of the state export organizations and the pharmaceutical firms -- had proved on the whole to be quite effective. (cia.gov)
State1
In order to reduce leakage from the farm, the Single Convention calls for the establishment of state opium monopolies which are to designate areas for legal poppy cultivation and license individual farmers to grow the crop. (cia.gov)
Drug2
Opium contains up to 12% morphine, an alkaloid, which is frequently processed chemically to produce heroin for the illegal drug trade. (absoluteastronomy.com)
The side effects of using opium vary depending on several factors, such as the person's size, weight, and health condition, how often the drug is used, whether or not opium is taken with other substances, and the amount and strength of the drug. (betteraddictioncare.com)
Group1
Alkaloids are a diverse group of nitrogen-containing basic compounds. (wikipedia.org)
It is worth noting that the United States imports all its opium and poppy straw used for pharmaceutical products from legitimate sources in countries where it is regulated. (betteraddictioncare.com)
Major1
Second, it traces the history of the major changes in the opium market in the postwar period. (cia.gov)
Body1
Short-acting barbiturates are extensively metabolized in the body, while the long-acting ones are secreted primarily unchanged. (hematologyanalyzerreagent.com)