• Like many other insects, one of the main predators to the orange-spotted ladybird are birds. (wikipedia.org)
  • Most coccinellid species are carnivorous predators, preying on insects such as aphids and scale insects . (wikipedia.org)
  • Syrphid are beneficial predators of small soft-bodied pests like aphids, thrips, and scale insects. (usu.edu)
  • Big-eyed bugs are generalist predators that consume a wide variety of small prey including insect eggs, mites, aphids, and small caterpillars. (usu.edu)
  • Predatory insects in the family Anthocoridae and Miridae are effective biological controls against pests occurring in pear when the predators are present. (usda.gov)
  • These natural predators, such as ladybugs, lacewings, and parasitic wasps, offer an eco-friendly solution for controlling pests that commonly infest these crops. (sbwire.com)
  • Beneficial insects, such as parasitoids, predators, and pathogens, offer a natural and eco-friendly solution to pest management, reducing the reliance on chemical pesticides. (sbwire.com)
  • Control of pests by disrupting their ecological status, as through the use of organisms that are natural predators, parasites, or pathogens. (dictionary.com)
  • When predators prey on each other, it's called "intraguild predation," and its benefits are both nutritional and competitive. (uwm.edu)
  • Lady beetles (which do a dynamite job of aphid control), and praying mantises (generalized predators like the DB) may be purchased by farmers and gardeners, but a method for producing DBs commercially has not been developed yet (maybe because they dabble in cannibalism). (uwm.edu)
  • The flowers provide alternative food for the predators when prey populations are low and the chemicals, called herbivore-induced plant volatiles, attract predators because they mimic the scents created when pest insects damage crops, signaling to predators that a meal is nearby. (purdue.edu)
  • Unless you alter those environments to keep the predators there, this may not be a cost-effective method for controlling crop pests. (purdue.edu)
  • A catalogue of the parasites and predators of insect pests. (nhm.ac.uk)
  • Meanwhile, S. purpurea also had an odor that was high in fatty acid chemicals known to attract parasitoid wasps and possibly other insect predators. (popsci.com)
  • Lady beetles as predators of insects other than Hemiptera. (bugguide.net)
  • Spiders are important predators that play an important role in controlling the populations of many insect pests. (pestkeen.com)
  • They are the natural predators of most of the notorious insects that live in our houses. (pestkeen.com)
  • Due to their abundance in nature, they are the most important insect predators. (pestkeen.com)
  • Instead of resorting to conventional pesticide treatments which may have negative impacts on the environment and non-target species, biological control offers an alternative solution by introducing predators or parasites that specifically prey upon these pests. (aares.info)
  • The mass-rearing possibilities of these predators on alternative food sources, such as astigmatid mites (i.e., house and stored mites) and pollen, must be evaluated not only by the cost of rearing settings but on the basis of their efficiency maintenance in killing prey. (bvsalud.org)
  • Aphids are prey to many predatory insects, spiders, and parasitoids. (usu.edu)
  • Nymphs and adults feed on the same prey, especially soft-bodied insects like aphids and caterpillars. (usu.edu)
  • By introducing beneficial insects into the fields, farmers can effectively combat pests like aphids, caterpillars, and whiteflies. (sbwire.com)
  • These beneficial allies prey upon harmful pests, such as aphids, caterpillars, and mealybugs, preventing their populations from reaching damaging levels. (sbwire.com)
  • Examples of biocontrol include the use of ladybugs to prey on aphids and scale insects and the treatment of turf with spores of the bacterium Bacillus popilliae , which cause milky disease in Japanese beetle larvae. (dictionary.com)
  • Examples include convergent lady beetles, green lacewings and prey mantis to help suppress soft bodied insect pests such as scale crawlers, aphids and leafhoppers. (bartlett.com)
  • Aphids are small, soft-bodied insects that use their piercing-sucking mouthparts to feed on the sap of living plants. (ufl.edu)
  • Many species (particularly those well-adapted for consuming aphids) appear opportunistic in their use of non-hemipteran prey. (bugguide.net)
  • Effective biological control for aphids! (planetnatural.com)
  • Naturally occurring fungus diseases of aphids may help to control it. (uiuc.edu)
  • Since these aphids migrate readily, chemical control operations must be a community endeavor. (uiuc.edu)
  • For instance, imagine a farmer struggling with infestations of crop-damaging insects such as aphids. (aares.info)
  • Since they prey on agricultural pests, most coccinellids are considered beneficial insects . (wikipedia.org)
  • Many beetles are beneficial insects, either predatory on other insects or eating plants considered weeds. (usu.edu)
  • Biological control generally refers to the use of "beneficial" organisms to manage the populations of pest organisms. (mortonarb.org)
  • How might plant scent/smell play a role in attracting beneficial insects? (mortonarb.org)
  • Some lawn insecticides will control fleas and ticks (read the label and be sure to follow directions) or nontoxic biological controls in the form of beneficial nematodes are now available to rid your lawn of fleas. (garden.org)
  • The market for beneficial insects is experiencing substantial growth due to the increasing demand for chemical-free farming and organic farming, which has led to a surge in beneficial insects. (sbwire.com)
  • These beneficial insects prey upon the pests, reducing their populations and preventing damage to the plants. (sbwire.com)
  • Utilizing beneficial insects for crop protection in fruits and vegetables offers numerous benefits, including reduced reliance on chemical pesticides, minimized environmental impact, and the preservation of beneficial organisms and pollinators. (sbwire.com)
  • Beneficial insects have gained a substantial presence in the field of crop protection, revolutionizing agricultural production. (sbwire.com)
  • The use of beneficial insects not only improves yields and crop quality but also promotes the long-term sustainability of agricultural systems. (sbwire.com)
  • This region is experiencing a significant surge in demand for beneficial insects, reflecting a growing recognition of their role in sustainable agriculture. (sbwire.com)
  • The Asia-Pacific region, with its diverse agricultural landscape, is witnessing a shift towards sustainable practices, and the demand for beneficial insects is poised to continue rising as more farmers recognize their immense potential in achieving better production and ecological harmony. (sbwire.com)
  • Naturally occurring biological controls can be augmented with the release of specific beneficial organisms. (bartlett.com)
  • Trichogramma wasps are another beneficial used to help control caterpillars and leaf beetle larvae. (bartlett.com)
  • By embracing organic practices, you contribute to healthier ecosystems by preserving soil quality, conserving water resources, and protecting beneficial insects such as bees and butterflies. (theiglu.com)
  • M. pygmaeus has been used as a beneficial insect to control many tomato pests since the early 1990s [2]. (ctifl.fr)
  • Of course, they consume some beneficial insects along the way, and they also scarf their competition. (uwm.edu)
  • The study sought to determine the best way to retain the beneficial insects in the high tunnels, reducing their dispersal to neighboring habitats. (purdue.edu)
  • The takeaway message from Ingwell is that using beneficial insects can work in some scenarios, but getting the right balance is tricky. (purdue.edu)
  • Here we'll give you the means to manage insects, including habitat control, use of beneficial insects and animals, and mechanical means. (equisearch.com)
  • Shop our large selection of beneficial insects, including aphid parasites , at Planet Natural. (planetnatural.com)
  • Many insects and bugs that might appear unsightly on the lawns could help maintain an ecological balance and beneficial. (houseilove.com)
  • Although it may be hard to believe, garden insects can be beneficial for gardens and lawns in numerous ways. (houseilove.com)
  • Milkweed plants do have a role to play in pest control as they are the habitat for several beneficial insects, one of them being the monarch butterfly. (pestcontroloptions.com)
  • As a result, spiders are a beneficial biological control agent in the agricultural ecosystem and can successfully control pest populations in the field. (pestkeen.com)
  • Thus, they were considered beneficial insects all around the world. (pestkeen.com)
  • In applying chemical control measures, however, always evaluate the populations of beneficial insects. (uiuc.edu)
  • The effects of globalization have led to the spread of invasive alien insect species, whose dispersion is continuously increasing and are usually characterized by a negative impact on the new environment and biodiversity. (unitn.it)
  • The biological control of an invasive species could involve strategies other than the use of natural enemies. (unitn.it)
  • Many species lay their eggs near colonies of prey, providing their larvae with a food source. (wikipedia.org)
  • Several species have been introduced outside their range as biological control agents, with varying degrees of success. (wikipedia.org)
  • Biological control is the use of a pey species to control pests and parasites i.e. to use Encarsia formosa the Chalcid wasp to control Whitefly. (answers.com)
  • This species will fly from plant to plant to find prey. (umich.edu)
  • Locally, the distribution of many scale insect species differs between urban street trees and nearby forest trees (Hanks and Denno 1993a, Speight et al. (researchgate.net)
  • With 15 species in the genus in North America, these insects display a range of characteristics that make them an intriguing subject. (whatsthatbug.com)
  • Life history traits of P. mucronatus when held with no food or either of two prey species ( O. vitiosa and Tenebrio molitor (L.) larvae) are also reported. (bioone.org)
  • The potential use of this species as a biological control agent of arthropods and its interference with weed biological control are discussed. (bioone.org)
  • In the process they have identified quite a few such roundworm species that could be used to biologically control agricultural pests. (sun.ac.za)
  • Because of the biosecurity risks involved, it is always better to use local species in pest control,' highlights Prof Antoinette Malan, project leader of the Nematode Laboratory in the Department of Conservation Ecology and Entomology. (sun.ac.za)
  • If the predator species is not monophagous when tested in the no-choice situation, it is useful to assess prey preference through the choice experiments with more than one prey species present. (scialert.net)
  • A Purdue University entomologist suggests that high-tunnel fruit and vegetable growers carefully consider species and tunnel construction when using natural enemies to control pest insect species. (purdue.edu)
  • A small study published this month in the journal PLOS One found evidence that different species of Sarracenia , a genus of North American pitcher plant, produces scents that are directed at certain groups of prey. (popsci.com)
  • Local manipulation practices can improve biological control by increasing the abundance and fitness of natural enemy species. (slu.se)
  • The family Forficulidae encompasses the majority of earwig species and serves as a taxonomical reference point for understanding their broader relationships within the insect world. (insecta-inspecta.com)
  • Earwigs belong to a diverse group of insects, and there are numerous species across various genera. (insecta-inspecta.com)
  • Food requirements for insects vary from species to species, but include decaying organic material such as manure or plant material, protein such as blood and nectar or a sugar source. (equisearch.com)
  • Significant differences were observed in the developmental time of larvae, body length, and body weight of pupae and adults of C. attenuata in response to species and preservation status of prey but not in response to instar and prey number of C. plumosus. (ibook.pub)
  • Does Identity of Species in a Predator Assemblage Influence the Relationship Between Predator Species Richness and Prey Mortality? (uvm.edu)
  • Some species of spiders will also feed on very small animals such as birds, frogs, lizards, and centipedes , in addition to insects. (pestkeen.com)
  • Moreover, biological control contributes to preserving ecosystem balance by allowing native species to thrive and maintain their ecological roles. (aares.info)
  • However, it's important to note that successful implementation of biological control requires careful consideration of various factors such as target pest species, biocontrol agent selection, compatibility with other management strategies, and monitoring protocols. (aares.info)
  • Use fly parasites, insect-eating birds and bats. (equisearch.com)
  • Cryptolaemus montrouzieri is a coccinellid predator of mealybug and soft scale insect parasites of A. cunninghamii , and has several characteristics that make it a good biocontrol for use in plantations. (wikipedia.org)
  • Biologists are testing chemical control agents and searching the beetle's native range for biological controls such as parasites that prey on the beetles' larva. (adirondackalmanack.com)
  • As with other parasites that infect both mammalian and insect hosts, the life cycle of T cruzi is complex (see image below). (medscape.com)
  • For example, the release of certain predatory insects will aid in the management of their prey, pest insects. (mortonarb.org)
  • In research published in the journal Biological Control , Ingwell tested augmentative biological control, which employs predatory insects that prey on crop pests. (purdue.edu)
  • Ingwell used small-opening, 0.18-mm 2 screens on a subset of tunnels to test a variety of predatory insects, including lady beetles, minute pirate bugs, spined soldier bugs, and green lacewings on tomatoes and cucumbers. (purdue.edu)
  • In another set of tunnels, flowers and chemicals meant to attract predatory insects were used. (purdue.edu)
  • Adult P. mucronatus were observed preying on larvae of the Australian weevil Oxyops vitiosa (Pascoe), a biological control agent of Melaleuca quinquenervia (Cav. (bioone.org)
  • The hypothesis for this study is that different flowering plants growing in the vicinity of cabbage fields have considerable potential to enhance lacewings as biological control agents of insect pests, because adult lacewings can use these flowers as pollen and nectar sources and locate suitable oviposition sites in adjacent crops, where their larvae prey on immature stages of the most important cabbage pests (Figure 1). (slu.se)
  • To determine prey preferences of Chrysopidae larvae in the most important insect cabbage pests by PCR-based techniques for detecting prey remains in the gut of the larvae. (slu.se)
  • Most biological characteristics except for developmental time of pupae, length of female pupae, survival rate from the 5th day to pupation, and adult emergence improved for tiger-fly larvae fed on live B. impatiens larvae in the first four days and live C. plumosus larvae from the fifth day to pupation compared to those fed on live C. plumosus larvae in all larval stages. (ibook.pub)
  • The survival rate of larvae in the first 4 days and percentage of pupation improved with decreased alternative prey instar and increased alternative prey number. (ibook.pub)
  • The use of insecticides targeting larvae and adult mosquitoes remains the mainstay of vector control programmes. (who.int)
  • Integrating these natural pest control agents into agricultural practices promotes sustainable farming, enhances crop quality, and contributes to the long-term health and productivity of the crops. (sbwire.com)
  • Biological and Cultural Tactics for the Control of Wireworms in Root Crops. (uvm.edu)
  • They are the most effective biological pest control in and around homes, yards, gardens, and crops. (pestkeen.com)
  • In South American rice fields and fields of various North American crops, large numbers of spiders have been observed feeding on insects. (pestkeen.com)
  • Therefore, introducing their natural enemies to control the phytophagous populations is an effective and sustainable management strategy for invasive insects. (unitn.it)
  • Healthy predatory populations keep aphid populations low, which can reduce or eliminate the need for chemical controls. (usu.edu)
  • Biological control is a component of an Integrated Pest Management (IPM) strategy that uses living organisms to suppress pest populations. (bartlett.com)
  • Among the many insects it consumes are our smaller native mantids, and it may be playing a role, in some regions, in the declining populations of the Carolina mantis. (dyckarboretum.org)
  • Highly host-specific parasitic wasps can be used for biological control as part of an Integrated Pest Management program to reduce populations of fruit flies. (usda.gov)
  • Unlike conventional methods that often require repeated applications or continuous monitoring, biological control agents establish themselves within ecosystems and persistently regulate pest populations over time. (aares.info)
  • Key factors in these control strategies are that phytoseiids must be able to find their main target prey and to maintain high populations and efficacy. (bvsalud.org)
  • [16] [17] Being beetles, they have hardened, non-overlapping forewings , known as elytrons , which cover up the more fragile hindwings when the insects are not in flight. (wikipedia.org)
  • For certain widespread insect and weed problems, beetles are intentionally released to biological control. (usu.edu)
  • The North American parasitic wasps of the genus Tetrastichus-a contribution to biological control of insect pests. (dictionary.com)
  • Is the Subject Area "Insect vectors" applicable to this article? (plos.org)
  • The infective forms of T cruzi are contained in the feces of the insect vectors and gain entry into its mammalian hosts through contamination. (medscape.com)
  • Epimastigotes are an extracellular and noninfective form of the parasite found in the midgut of insect vectors, where they multiply by binary fission. (medscape.com)
  • 2, 3, 4, 5] Although T cruzi is a diploid organism in which some genetic exchange may occur in insect vectors,[6] its genetic and phenotypic diversity is thought to result from the clonal multiplication of the epimastigote and amastigote forms. (medscape.com)
  • A biological fly control system using tiny insects that prey on the flies in their larval state, aims to stop the cycle of fly infestation before it begins. (holistichorse.com)
  • True fruit flies can be particularly damaging and are often difficult to control. (usda.gov)
  • An assassin bug and a predatory stink bug, both native to North America, have been observed to prey on the spotted lantern bug. (texasinvasives.org)
  • Sarracenia pitcher plants eat insects to supplement their diets in the bogs and in poor soil environments they grow in throughout North America. (popsci.com)
  • The investigation of the interaction between the prey and its natural enemy is also an important milestone that should be evaluated in assessing the efficacy of the parasitoids. (unitn.it)
  • This exotic parasitoid wasp is the most promising agent for biological control of BMSB and is uniquely evolved to lay its eggs inside of BMSB eggs. (usu.edu)
  • We found extraordinary complexity and otherwise concealed interactions illustrating the importance of a molecular approach to understand complex parasitoid-host interactions prior to the establishment of a biological control program. (usda.gov)
  • In Ann Arbor, parked cars on elm-shaded streets last year were receiving an unusual amount of honey-dew drippings from aphid-infested elms, their lady-bug enemies having been destroyed by spray put on to control Dutch elm-disease. (aadl.org)
  • The resulting wasp then emerges from the rear of the dead aphid to seek out other prey. (planetnatural.com)
  • To illustrate this point, consider the case study of an Australian farmer who successfully implemented biological control strategies to combat a devastating aphid infestation in his apple orchard. (aares.info)
  • Praying mantises or mantids have compound eyes in freely moving heads on a pronounced neck and are the only insect that can "look over their shoulder. (dyckarboretum.org)
  • This precise classification places them within the same order as cockroaches and mantids, highlighting their evolutionary relationship with these insects. (insecta-inspecta.com)
  • Carnivorous plants come in a variety of shapes and colors-and it's often their looks that help them attract their prey. (popsci.com)
  • Since carnivorous plants cannot move to hunt for their prey like a lion or a shark, smells can help them not only find food, but communicate with other plants. (popsci.com)
  • Further studies could help explain how carnivorous plants that are pollinated by insects can attract some for pollination and other for food. (popsci.com)
  • The pest kill rate (km) is the average daily lifetime killing of the pest by the natural enemy under consideration and can represent a useful indicator for phytoseiids efficacy to rank them as BCAs on the basis of their effective killing/predation on target prey. (bvsalud.org)
  • T cruzi can also be transmitted when mammalian hosts ingest infected insects, and this mechanism of transmission may play a major role in maintaining the sylvatic cycle. (medscape.com)
  • The people at Organic Control, a supplier of the tiny creatures, say, "the gnat-sized insects don't bother humans or animals as they are nocturnal, do not bite or sting and are rarely even seen, but when used as directed they can dramatically reduce the fly population. (holistichorse.com)
  • Horses (and humans) have to deal with all sorts of insects. (equisearch.com)
  • Many of the chemicals used for pest control are toxic and harmful to humans and the environment. (houseilove.com)
  • Infected insects take blood meals from humans and their domestic animals and deposit parasite-laden feces. (medscape.com)
  • Only the sounds of the forest's regular residents, the squirrels, tree frogs, insects and birds break the silence. (aadl.org)
  • Parent birds make many trips each day bringing insects and grubs and other tidbits to the nestlings. (aadl.org)
  • With these techniques we can get very direct information on what the world looks like to any kind of animal, from flatworms to birds of prey. (lu.se)
  • Laura Ingwell, a postdoctoral researcher in the Department of Entomology, studies pest-control methods in protected agricultural systems. (purdue.edu)
  • It is crucial to work closely with experts in the field of entomology and ecological management to ensure effective integration of biological control into farming systems. (aares.info)
  • Nematodes are be sprayed onto the lawn, where they'll prey on fleas and other insect pests. (garden.org)
  • For her MSc project, Ms Nxitywa tackled the issue of how to formulate and optimise the long-term storage and use of parasitic nematodes that prey on insects. (sun.ac.za)
  • Vector control strategies include chemical, biological and environmental management that mainly target larval breeding sites. (who.int)
  • Kadocsa stated that Brachygaster minutus and Evania appendigaster were not important in the biological control of cockroaches. (dictionary.com)
  • The epimastigote form of Trypanosoma cruzi is the multiplying stage of the parasite that grows in the gut of the insect vector and also in cell-free culture medium as shown here. (medscape.com)
  • These non-prey foods are used by coccinellids to increase survival when prey is scarce, reduce mortality during diapause, fuel migration, and enhance reproductive capacity. (bugguide.net)
  • Coccinella transversoguttata lives in open areas, such as old fields, agricultural fields, meadows, and marshes, where it feeds on pest insects. (umich.edu)
  • Biological control, a method aimed at managing agricultural pests using natural enemies, has gained significant attention in Australian agriculture. (aares.info)
  • Biological control plays a crucial role in enhancing pest control efforts within the agricultural sector. (aares.info)
  • Thrips are small, winged insects with rasping-sucking mouthparts. (ufl.edu)
  • 2022). In this study, we conducted a coordinated management strategies utilizing the phytoseiid mite A. swirskki , the predatory bug Eocanthecona furcellata and the entomopathogenic fungi Beauveria bassiana , to control the major pest insects of tobacco planting areas in Southwestern China, including Bemisia tabaci , Thrips tabaci , Spodoptera litura and Helicoverpa assulta . (mapress.com)
  • By integrating these biological control agents into crop protection strategies, farmers can reduce their reliance on synthetic pesticides, minimize chemical residues, and preserve the ecological balance of their fields. (sbwire.com)
  • the control of pests by interference with their ecological status, as by introducing a natural enemy or a pathogen into the environment. (dictionary.com)
  • As countries in the region prioritize food security and seek to reduce the environmental impact of conventional farming practices, the adoption of biological control measures has gained momentum. (sbwire.com)
  • Chemical controls are only one weapon in the arsenal of IPM practices, and they should be used only after a number of other tactics have been tried. (ufl.edu)
  • Culturally controlling pests means choosing gardening practices that make your plants less vulnerable to pests. (ufl.edu)
  • In this paper we describe dengue vector surveillance and control practices in the Western Pacific Region and provide a perspective for future dengue control. (who.int)
  • This is followed by regular scouting and monitoring to see if an insect or mite is actually present and causing damage. (ufl.edu)
  • NYSDEC recently enacted regulations prohibiting the movement of firewood more than 50 miles from its source to prevent or slow the spread of destructive forest insects and pathogens. (adirondackalmanack.com)
  • These insects along with pathogens, and environmental stresses may adversely affect the health of ash trees. (adirondackalmanack.com)
  • [ 1 ] T cruzi mostly is found in blood-sucking triatomine insects (kissing bugs) and small mammals in a sylvatic cycle that is enzootic from the southern and southwestern United States to central Argentina and Chile. (medscape.com)
  • If newly-hatched nymphs don't find enough insects to eat shortly after leaving the nest, they start cannibalizing their own siblings. (dyckarboretum.org)
  • In addition to periodical pest control services, which can make the place pest-free, you must take some measures as part of regular lawn upkeep that reduces pest infestation possibilities. (houseilove.com)
  • In the absence of a vaccine, vector control is the mainstay for dengue prevention and control. (who.int)
  • In this paper we describe vector surveillance and vector control in the Western Pacific countries and areas. (who.int)
  • Vector surveillance and control strategies used by countries and areas of the Western Pacific Region vary. (who.int)
  • Existing vector control tools have several limitations in terms of cost, delivery and long-term sustainability. (who.int)
  • These include Release of Insects Carrying a Dominant Lethal system and Wolbachia , an endosymbiotic bacterium, to inhibit dengue virus in the vector. (who.int)
  • Any vector control strategy should be selected based on evidence and appropriateness for the entomological and epidemiological setting and carried out in both inter-epidemic and epidemic periods. (who.int)
  • Given the lack of a dengue vaccine, control of dengue depends on vector control. (who.int)
  • Vector control is best achieved through management of breeding sites. (who.int)
  • The primary goal of vector control activities is to reduce vector population density to levels that are believed to correlate with a lower dengue transmission risk. (who.int)
  • Vector control methods and strategies differ across countries and areas in the Western Pacific Region ( Table 2 ). (who.int)
  • The risk assessment of a natural enemy involves a series of targeted analyses to evaluate the effects of its introduction in order to minimize potential risks and maximize the benefits of biological control. (unitn.it)
  • In recent years, there has been growing interest in exploring the potential benefits of biological control methods for enhancing pest management strategies in Australian agriculture. (aares.info)
  • We can discourage many insects by understanding their needs and habitat. (equisearch.com)
  • The first line of defense against all insects is to eliminate their habitat by setting up a good manure and mud management system on your horse property. (equisearch.com)
  • Indeed, in the absence of prey, N. tenuis causes damage that is highly detrimental to the tomato crop, which is not the case for M. pygmaeus . (ctifl.fr)
  • While some cutworms may indeed feed on milkweed, it has been observed that they are more attracted to the foliage of other crop plants in the spring Pest insects of annual crop plants in Canada . (pestcontroloptions.com)
  • Direct effects of temperature on scale insect survival and fitness have natural consequences for their geographic distributions at local and landscape extents (Table 1). (researchgate.net)
  • The effect of lizards on the biological control of scale insects in Bermuda. (dictionary.com)
  • Studies on the control of the plum scale Eulecanium sp. (nhm.ac.uk)