• Additionally, exacerbated type I IFN responses triggered by mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), failures in mitophagy, ER-mitochondria communication and mtROS production promote neurodegeneration. (frontiersin.org)
  • Fresh mitochondria isolated from homeoplasmic 143B osteosarcoma cybrids containing mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) derived from health individuals (Mito) or mtDNA with the A8344G mutation (Mito 8344 ) were conjugated with cell-penetrating peptide Pep-1 (P-Mito) or not conjugated prior to cell co-culture. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Furthermore, although there were no differences in energy metabolism after transplantation of normal mitochondria, metabolism was switched to the energetic and glycolytic phenotypes when the mitochondria were replaced with dysfunctional mitochondria, namely, Mito 8344 and P-Mito 8344 , due to dramatically induced glycolysis and reduced mitochondrial respiration, respectively. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Reduction of class I histone deacetylases ameliorates ER‐mitochondria cross‐talk in Alzheimer's disease. (cairn.edu)
  • Specific Changes in Morphology and Dynamics of Plant Mitochondria under Abiotic Stress. (cairn.edu)
  • 2 These observations link two key aspects of mitochondrial health, preventing and removing damaged mitochondria ( mitophagy ) and creating new mitochondria ( mitogenesis ). (totalhealthmagazine.com)
  • In addition to less ATP production and higher levels of reactive oxygen species, mitochondria in the brains of individuals with Alzheimer's disease show mitochondrial abnormalities that include altered shape, decreased density, and impaired respiration. (bmglabtech.com)
  • Altered mitochondrial dynamics, including excessive fission and fusion of mitochondria, also contribute to mitochondrial dysfunction in Alzheimer's disease. (bmglabtech.com)
  • Glutamate excitotoxicity leads to fragmented mitochondria in neurodegenerative diseases, mediated by nitric oxide and S-nitrosylation of dynamin-related protein 1, a mitochondrial outer membrane fission protein. (omicsdi.org)
  • While OPA1 has been characterized for its role in mitochondrial cristae structure and organelle fusion, possible effects of OPA1 on mitochondrial function have not been determined.Mitochondria from six ADOA patients bearing OPA1 mutations and ten ADOA patients with unidentified gene mutations were studied for respiratory capacity and electron transport complex function. (omicsdi.org)
  • [5] The eukaryote Monocercomonoides is known to have completely lost its mitochondria, [6] and the multicellular organism Henneguya salminicola is known to have retained mitochondrion-related organelles in association with a complete loss of their mitochondrial genome. (wikipedia.org)
  • Nonetheless their association with mitochondrial dysfunction highlights this organelle as an important player during CNS homeostasis and disease. (frontiersin.org)
  • In this issue, we generally review the mechanisms of cellular senescence in diabetic nephropathy, which involve telomere attrition, DNA damage, epigenetic alterations, mitochondrial dysfunction, loss of Klotho, Wnt/ β -catenin signaling activation, persistent inflammation, and accumulation of uremic toxins. (hindawi.com)
  • Cancer cells are generally subjected to high levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) compared to normal cells because ROS generation is augmented by mtDNA mutations and mitochondrial dysfunction [ 6 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Find out how microplate readers advance research into mitochondrial dysfunction and different neurodegenerative diseases. (bmglabtech.com)
  • In this blog, we look at the relationship between mitochondrial dysfunction and neurodegenerative disease. (bmglabtech.com)
  • We also discuss how microplate readers can be used in neuroscience research to reveal the impact mitochondrial dysfunction has on health. (bmglabtech.com)
  • Many factors can contribute to mitochondrial dysfunction including genetic mutations, aging, environmental factors, nutritional deficiencies, and metabolic disorders. (bmglabtech.com)
  • Several lines of evidence suggest the involvement of mitochondrial dysfunction in Alzheimer's disease. (bmglabtech.com)
  • Evidence also points to multiple genes being linked to mitochondrial dysfunction in Alzheimer's disease. (bmglabtech.com)
  • This can impair processes like mitochondrial transport and the clearance of proteins leading to bioenergetic deficits and neuronal dysfunction. (bmglabtech.com)
  • In Parkinson's disease, a strong link between mitochondrial dysfunction and disease-associated genes has been documented. (bmglabtech.com)
  • We identified interactions between genes involved in mitochondrial dysfunction ( POLG2 ), cholesterol metabolism ( SOAT2 ), lipid metabolism ( CYP11B2 ), cell adhesion ( EZR ), cell proliferation ( MAP2K5), and insulin resistance ( IGF1R ). (biomedcentral.com)
  • Based on our work to date, we are also interested in understanding myocardial mitochondrial and vascular dysfunction as these have the potential to serve as novel therapeutic targets. (stanford.edu)
  • Mitochondrial dynamics are diverse in different cell types, and their function is determined by a delicate shift in the balance of morphological fusion and fission in cells to adapt to physiological stress. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Opa1(enu/+) mice show a slow progressive loss of RGCs, activation of astroglia and microglia, and pronounced mitochondrial fission in optic nerve heads as found by electron tomography. (omicsdi.org)
  • Our results conclusively demonstrate that not only glutamate excitotoxicity and/or oxidative stress alters mitochondrial fission/fusion, but that an imbalance in mitochondrial fission/fusion in turn leads to NMDA receptor upregulation and oxidative stress. (omicsdi.org)
  • OPA1 is a fission-fusion protein involved in mitochondrial inner membrane remodelling. (omicsdi.org)
  • Increased mitochondrial fission and volume density by blocking glutamate excitotoxicity protect glaucomatous optic nerve head astrocytes. (omicsdi.org)
  • One major function of molecular chaperones is to prevent the aggregation of misfolded proteins, thus many chaperone proteins are classified as heat shock proteins, as the tendency for protein aggregation is increased by heat stress. (wikipedia.org)
  • Crowding may also increase the effectiveness of the chaperone proteins such as GroEL, which could counteract this reduction in folding efficiency. (wikipedia.org)
  • Such proteins violate Anfinsen's dogma, requiring protein dynamics to fold correctly. (wikipedia.org)
  • Mitochondrial transplantation also consistently decreased Drp-1, which resulted in an enhancement of the tubular mitochondrial network, but a distinct machinery through the increase of parkin and mitochondrial fusion proteins was observed in the Mito and P-Mito groups, respectively. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Mitochondrial maintenance crucially depends on the quality control of proteins by various chaperones, proteases and repair enzymes. (uni-frankfurt.de)
  • These dedicated proteins are generally known as histone chaperones and effectively control histone supply and chromatin dynamics [ 8 ]. (aging-us.com)
  • The co-chaperone Hep1 is required to prevent the aggregation of mitochondrial Hsp70 proteins. (cipsm.de)
  • MitoTEMPO is a new cell permeable mitochondrial antioxidant with the functions of eliminating mitochondrial superoxide and preserving mitochondrial membrane potential [ 14 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • B[a]P caused enhanced metabolism of each dye assessed despite reductions in mitochondrial membrane potential and was reversed by 6-aminonicotinamide (6AN)-a glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase inhibitor. (cdc.gov)
  • however, it has recently been discovered that organisms with mutations that prolong life also postpone age-related diseases5 indicating that the mechanisms of aging and chronic disease development are intertwined and that therapies that promote longevity could be used to prevent chronic diseases and vice versa. (provivapharma.com)
  • In addition, mutations in mitochondrial DNA have been associated with an increased risk of the disease. (bmglabtech.com)
  • Autosomal dominant optic atrophy (ADOA), a form of progressive bilateral blindness due to loss of retinal ganglion cells and optic nerve deterioration, arises predominantly from mutations in the nuclear gene for the mitochondrial GTPase, OPA1. (omicsdi.org)
  • Results suggest that the nuclear DNA mutations that give rise to ADOA in our patient population do not alter mitochondrial electron transport.We conclude that the pathophysiology of ADOA likely stems from the role of OPA1 in mitochondrial structure or fusion and not from OPA1 support of oxidative phosphorylation. (omicsdi.org)
  • We have analyzed the interaction of Hep1 with mitochondrial Hsp70 (Ssc1) and the determinants in Ssc1 which make it prone to aggregation. (cipsm.de)
  • What Promotes Mitochondrial Biogenesis? (totalhealthmagazine.com)
  • Many of the mechanisms that activate mitochondrial biogenesis in the face of hormesis have been elucidated. (totalhealthmagazine.com)
  • [10] Mitochondrial biogenesis is in turn temporally coordinated with these cellular processes. (wikipedia.org)
  • OPA1 localizes to mitochondrial cristae in the inner membrane where electron transport chain complexes are enriched. (omicsdi.org)
  • They carry out aerobic respiration, a process that involves the breakdown of glucose and other fuel molecules to produce ATP through a series of interconnected reactions, including the citric acid cycle and the mitochondrial electron transport chain. (bmglabtech.com)
  • 6/9) a clear defect in mitochondrial ATP synthesis and reduced respiration rates were observed in patients with poor vision. (omicsdi.org)
  • Optic atrophy gene 1 (OPA1) is an inner membrane protein important for mitochondrial fusion. (omicsdi.org)
  • Markers of Parkinson (PD) and Alzheimer (AD) diseases are able to induce innate immune pathways induced by alterations in mitochondrial Ca 2+ homeostasis leading to neuroinflammation. (frontiersin.org)
  • Here, we focus essentially on the histone variant H3.3 and the associated complexes that selectively regulate its homeostasis and dynamics. (aging-us.com)
  • Indeed, vacuolin-1 or desipramine treatment prevented the enhancement of CME but not of fluid phase endocytosis upon USMB, suggesting that lysosome exocytosis and acid sphingomyelinase, respectively, are required for the regulation of CME but not fluid phase endocytosis upon USMB treatment. (plos.org)
  • This study reveals the antitumour potential of mitochondrial transplantation in breast cancer via distinct regulation of mitochondrial function. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The time effects of acidic pH e stress were determined with respect to tumor cell proliferation, phenotypic regulation, autophagic control, metabolic plasticity, mitochondrial network dynamics, and metastatic potentials. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Here, we discuss the importance of these mitochondrial dynamics during neuroinflammation, and how they correlate either with the amelioration or worsening of CNS disease. (frontiersin.org)
  • Disturbances in mitochondrial dynamics may influence many cellular and molecular pathways, as calcium-dependent immune activation, transcription factors phosphorylation, cytokine secretion, organelle transference and even cell death. (frontiersin.org)
  • Moreover, mitochondrial dynamics have been shown to be involved in the mitigation of tumour cell escape from immune-mediated cellular destruction conducted by the tumour microenvironment [ 4 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • To learn about basic mitochondrial and cellular biology, understand mechanisms of disease, and develop drugs, cell culture is indispensable. (brocku.ca)
  • Here, we summarize the current knowledge on H3.3 biology and discuss the implications of its aberrant dynamics in the establishment of cellular states that may lead to human pathology. (aging-us.com)
  • These results demonstrate differential sensitivity of standard cytotoxicity assessments on the PPP, thus (1) decoupling 'mitochondrial activity' as an interpretation of cellular formazan and Alamar Blue metabolism, and (2) demonstrating the implicit requirement for investigators to sufficiently verify interaction of these methods in routine cytotoxicity and proliferation characterization. (cdc.gov)
  • Yeast NDI1 reconfigures neuronal metabolism and prevents the unfolded protein response in mitochondrial complex I deficiency. (cairn.edu)
  • There is a strong urgency to find new alternative strategies to prevent progressive neuronal loss. (mdpi.com)
  • To test our hypothesis that E-64d confers neuroprotective effects by regulating autophagy and mitochondrial pathway activity, we simulated neuronal excitotoxicity in vitro using an immortalized hippocampal neuron cell line (HT22). (omicsdi.org)
  • Complete Mitochondrial Genome Sequence, Characteristics, and Phylogenetic Analysis of Oenanthe javanica. (cairn.edu)
  • Incorporation of histone variants confers variability to the chromatin and expands the repertoire of epigenetic marks in a functional alphabet that controls genome plasticity and dynamics [ 4 ]. (aging-us.com)
  • These data suggest that OPA1 deficiency impairs OXPHOS efficiency, but compensation through increases in the distal complexes of the respiratory chain may preserve mitochondrial ATP production in patients who maintain normal vision. (omicsdi.org)
  • My research in cell physiology focuses on mitochondrial biology in the context of health, aging, and disease. (brocku.ca)
  • To counter high ROS levels, cells have antioxidant mechanisms that reduce the excess ROS in the cell and keep the 'redox' (from reduction and oxidation) balance of the cell. (elifesciences.org)
  • Many of the mitochondrial phenomena we investigate exert effects on these processes and thus manifest as changes in mitochondrial network morphology. (brocku.ca)
  • Measuring mitochondrial network morphology in mitochondrial disease. (brocku.ca)
  • Other chaperones work as holdases: they bind folding intermediates to prevent their aggregation, for example DnaJ or Hsp33. (wikipedia.org)
  • RNF146 is a cytoplasmic protein that also prevents tankyrase protein aggregation at a centrosomal location. (omicsdi.org)
  • In addition, the ACR-induced reproductive toxicity is associated with a dramatic reduction in testosterone level due to disruption of the Leydig cells steroidogenic pathway [ 10 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In addition, E-64d treatment regulated mitochondrial pathway activity and inhibited chaperone-mediated autophagy in HT22 cells. (omicsdi.org)
  • Therefore, antioxidant administration may be an effective way to prevent and ameliorate NAFLD. (hindawi.com)
  • Various approaches have been applied to study the structure, dynamics and functioning of chaperones. (wikipedia.org)
  • Herein, effects of mitochondrial transplantation via different approaches in breast cancer were investigated. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Mitochondrial-targeted therapeutic approaches for manipulating cardiolipin. (brocku.ca)
  • Rather, PDAC cells use a distinct and lengthy process of reversible adaptive plasticity centered on the early fast and later slow mitochondrial network dynamics and metabolic adjustment. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The data show that the protective effects of therapeutic hypothermia, which mainly result from the modulation of inflammatory glial dynamics, are limited. (en-journal.org)
  • Identification of genetic variants that enable this response may provide novel therapeutic insights into OXPHOS compensation for preventing vision loss in optic neuropathies. (omicsdi.org)
  • Here, the role of GCC in regulating normal enterocyte dynamics along the crypt-villus axis and the corruption of those mechanisms in tumorigenesis were explored. (jefferson.edu)
  • While most of the involved components have been studied in some detail, little is known on the biological role of the CLPXP protease complex located in the mitochondrial matrix. (uni-frankfurt.de)
  • In: Mitochondrial Protection for Health and Aging. (brocku.ca)
  • Mitochondrial dynamics in health and disease. (brocku.ca)
  • To facilitate this we developed the Mitochondrial Network Analysis (MiNA) toolset as a simple set of macros making use of existing ImageJ plug-ins that allows a semi-automated analysis of mitochondrial networks in cultured mammalian cells. (brocku.ca)
  • Crypt expansion reflected hyperplasia of the proliferating compartment with reciprocal increases in rapidly cycling progenitor cells and reductions in differentiated cells of the secretory lineage, including Paneth and goblet, but not enteroendocrine, cells. (jefferson.edu)
  • We all know how important proper mitochondrial function is-they are called 'cell dynamics' for no reason. (nmn-bio.com)
  • To determine whether the degree of vision loss is associated with the level of mitochondrial impairment, we examined mitochondrial function in lymphoblast cell lines obtained from six large Australian OPA1-linked ADOA pedigrees. (omicsdi.org)
  • The reduction in EEG microstate duration correlated with loss of cognitive function. (medscape.com)
  • Filtered SNPs were specifically analyzed for interactions that are highly associated with BMI using QMDR (Quantitative Multifactor Dimensionality Reduction). (biomedcentral.com)
  • Cognitive impairment was associated with a reduction or loss of EEG reactivity. (medscape.com)
  • Mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation compensation may preserve vision in patients with OPA1-linked autosomal dominant optic atrophy. (omicsdi.org)
  • The primary findings were a significant increase in the number of ultrashort EEG microstates and a reduction in the average duration of EEG microstates in cognitively impaired and demented patients. (medscape.com)
  • Cory Stephanson at the University of Minnesota, discovered that NADH, and Mitochondrial ATP production doubled when Flanagan Silica Hydride was added to living human and ovarian cell cultures. (phisciences.com)