• Brain and spinal cord form the central nervous system or CNS. (medicinenet.com)
  • What are the brain and spinal cord tumors in adults? (medicinenet.com)
  • Brain and spinal cord tumors refer to the masses of uncontrolled cell growth within the skull or the bony spinal column. (medicinenet.com)
  • There are over 120 types of brain and spinal cord tumors. (medicinenet.com)
  • Adult brain and spinal cord tumors often form in different areas, grow from different cell types, and may have a different outlook and management plan than those in children. (medicinenet.com)
  • Benign tumors in the brain and spinal cord are also dangerous since they can grow, exert pressure on, and damage normal brain tissue. (medicinenet.com)
  • CM may develop when part of the skull is smaller than normal or misshapen, which can put pressure on the cerebellum, brain stem, and spinal cord and block the flow of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) -- the clear liquid that surrounds and cushions the brain and spinal cord. (nih.gov)
  • CM is often caused by problems in the development of the brain and spinal cord that occur during fetal development. (nih.gov)
  • CSF is the fluid that bathes your child's brain and spinal cord. (childrenshospital.org)
  • Normal voiding is essentially a spinal reflex modulated by the central nervous system (brain and spinal cord), which coordinates function of the bladder and urethra. (medscape.com)
  • Craniosacral therapy (CST) -The application of very mild pressure to the body's craniosacral system, which is comprised of the membranes and cerebrospinal fluid that surround and protect the brain and spinal cord. (familyspinecenter.com)
  • Inflammation of the membrane that covers the brain and spinal cord. (alberta.ca)
  • A meningioma is a tumor that grows in the protective lining of the brain and spinal cord, called the meninges. (upmc.com)
  • Neuropathy is the term used to describe a problem with the nerves, usually the "peripheral nerves" as opposed to the central nervous system (e.g., the brain and spinal cord). (kayalortho.com)
  • Spinal stenosis symptoms often become worse over time, but this may happen slowly. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Symptoms of LM may be seen concurrently with symptoms from other manifestations of cancer that has spread to the CNS, such as solid tissue metastases and epidural spinal cord compression. (medscape.com)
  • In lumbar stenosis, the spinal nerve roots in the lower back are compressed which can lead to symptoms of sciatica (tingling, weakness, or numbness that radiates from the low back and into the buttocks and legs). (wikipedia.org)
  • Cervical canal stenosis may lead to myelopathy, a serious condition causing symptoms including major body weakness and paralysis. (wikipedia.org)
  • Such severe spinal stenosis symptoms are virtually absent in lumbar stenosis, however, as the spinal cord terminates at the top end of the adult lumbar spine, with only nerve roots (cauda equina) continuing further down. (wikipedia.org)
  • Although the doctor may find arthritis in the spine, the symptoms of DS are typically the same as symptoms of spinal stenosis. (bmc.org)
  • Forward bending or sitting often relieves the symptoms because it opens up space in the spinal canal. (bmc.org)
  • What Are Tethered Spinal Cord Symptoms in Children? (gillettechildrens.org)
  • Initial tethered spinal cord symptoms in children may be visible on the lower back. (gillettechildrens.org)
  • If your child has tethered spinal cord symptoms, seeking a diagnosis and treatment can help to avoid the possibility of lasting nerve damage. (gillettechildrens.org)
  • Your child's symptoms and test results will be examined closely by a neurosurgeon before determining if tethered spinal cord release surgery is necessary. (gillettechildrens.org)
  • Although tethered spinal cord surgery prevents symptoms from getting worse, it is important to keep in mind that it may not be able to reverse the damage that's already been done. (gillettechildrens.org)
  • Treating spinal stenosis focuses on eliminating symptoms of the condition as well as strengthening the bones and spinal column. (earthclinic.com)
  • In regards to spinal stenosis, these compounds reduce inflammation and relieve symptoms of arthritis and osteoporosis. (earthclinic.com)
  • Surgery for spinal stenosis may be considered if you have severe symptoms that interfere with your daily life and do not improve with other therapy. (mountsinai.org)
  • The types and severity of symptoms depend on the extent to which the tissue and nerves are compressed and on the buildup of CSF pressure. (nih.gov)
  • The goal of treatment is to monitor and reduce the pressure in the head and to provide supportive care (treatment of symptoms) to the child. (childrenshospital.org)
  • People with spinal stenosis may experience different symptoms depending on where the narrowing occurs. (lifespan.org)
  • Many people with spinal stenosis notice their symptoms worsen when they stand or walk. (healthline.com)
  • The types of symptoms and their severity are dependent on the area of the spinal cord affected. (encyclopedia.com)
  • Symptom criteria include the evolution of symptoms peaking over four hours to 21 days, with symptoms clearly traceable to spinal cord dysfunction, and including muscle weakness or paralysis and sensory defects such as numbness occurring on both sides of the body. (encyclopedia.com)
  • When the spinal discs bulge or rupture, creating pressure on the nerves and resulting in painful symptoms. (sciatica.com)
  • While it's possible for spinal stenosis to occur without producing any symptoms, it commonly leads to pain, cramping, weakness or numbness, or in severe cases, bladder or bowel problems. (pva.org)
  • This type of tumor may not cause problems, but if it grows, it may put pressure on parts of the spine, causing symptoms such as pain, loss of sensation or motor function, and partial paralysis. (upmc.com)
  • Symptoms of meningiomas are caused by pressure from the growing tumor on the surrounding tissue. (upmc.com)
  • This disorder puts a tremendous amount of pressure on nerves in the spine area, particularly in the lower back, and shows itself through symptoms such as numbness, pain, muscle weakness, and tingling in the back. (tebmedtourism.com)
  • Canal stenosis can put pressure on the nerves and cause other symptoms. (tebmedtourism.com)
  • some people with spinal stenosis may have no symptoms, others may experience pain, itching, numbness, and muscle weakness. (tebmedtourism.com)
  • No one looking at these symptoms would consider that spinal stenosis might be able to cause ME/CFS and fibromyalgia. (biobans.com)
  • Improvement of severe myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome symptoms following surgical treatment of cervical spinal stenosis. (biobans.com)
  • 10500 ='Chest pain and related symptoms' 10501 ='Chest pain' 10502 ='Chest discomfort, pressure, tightness' 10503 ='Burning sensation in the chest' 10550 ='Pain, specified site not referable to. (cdc.gov)
  • Spinal canal is too small at birth Structural deformities of the vertebrae may cause narrowing of the spinal canal. (wikipedia.org)
  • Your spinal cord is a bundle of nerves that runs through a tunnel formed by your vertebrae. (sarahbush.org)
  • The human spine is formed by 24 spinal bones, called vertebrae . (eorthopod.com)
  • Vertebrae are stacked on top of one another to form the spinal column. (eorthopod.com)
  • The narrowing can occur at the center of your spine, in the canals branching off your spine and/or between the vertebrae, the bones of the spine. (icd9data.com)
  • The cushion that sits between the spinal vertebrae extends outside its usual position. (healthline.com)
  • This can result in the nerve root becoming compressed as it exits the spinal cord and vertebrae. (healthline.com)
  • Spinal stenosis is commonly associated with the degeneration of the discs between the vertebrae. (healthline.com)
  • Age-related deterioration or loss of cushioning to the cervical spinal discs that support and cushion the vertebrae. (sciatica.com)
  • The main goal of the spinal fusion (also known as an arthrodesis ) is to stop movement of one or more vertebrae. (eorthopod.com)
  • Then the small muscles along the sides of the low back are lifted off the vertebrae, exposing the back of the spinal column. (eorthopod.com)
  • The nerve roots are checked to see if they move freely in the spinal canal and as they leave the spine through the small holes between the vertebrae, the neural foramina. (eorthopod.com)
  • The spinal column contains 33 hollow, ring-shaped bones, called vertebrae, which are separated and cushioned by 23 discs made of spongy cartilage. (stanford.edu)
  • The fourth, bottom section of the spinal column includes the sacrum and coccyx (commonly called the tailbone), both of which are made up of several fused vertebrae. (stanford.edu)
  • The vertebrae bear most of the body's weight and thus are under a lot of pressure. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Spinal injuries may affect the bones of the spine, the spinal cord, or the roots of the spinal nerves (short branches of the spinal nerves), which pass through the spaces between the vertebrae. (msdmanuals.com)
  • When vertebrae move, they can compress the spinal cord or its blood supply and damage spinal nerve roots. (msdmanuals.com)
  • However, after hours or days, muscle spasms may subside, enabling the vertebrae to move freely, which can damage the spinal cord. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Spinal cord tumors may lead to weakness, numbness, lack of coordination in the arms and/or legs (usually on both sides of the body), and bladder or bowel problems. (medicinenet.com)
  • The condition often results in the "pinching" of the spinal cord and nerve roots, resulting in pain, weakness, numbness and cramping. (earthclinic.com)
  • Spinal stenosis is generally a painful condition that involves cramping, weakness and numbness in the back, legs, neck, shoulder and arms. (earthclinic.com)
  • If the spinal cord is compressed, this may lead to numbness in the hands and feet, difficulty with walking or hand function, or trouble with balance and coordination. (lifespan.org)
  • This relieves pain, tingling, numbness or weakening caused by pressure on the spinal cord or nerve roots. (nortonhealthcare.com)
  • The nerve root extends down the leg, and any type of pinching or pressure on the nerve in the lower spine can cause pain, numbness, tingling, or weakness to radiate along the path of the nerve down the leg. (spine-health.com)
  • If other measures don't work, your doctor may suggest surgical spinal decompression for bulging or ruptured disks, bony growths, or other spinal problems. (webmd.com)
  • A surgeon removes a small portion of bone -- a section of bony arch or the entire bony arch -- to increase the size of the spinal canal and relieve pressure. (webmd.com)
  • The result is compression of the nerve roots or spinal cord by bony spurs or soft tissues, such as discs. (healthline.com)
  • When the bony openings where the nerves exit the spinal canal become narrowed, causing pressure on the nerves. (sciatica.com)
  • The lamina forms the back portion of the bony ring covering the spinal canal. (eorthopod.com)
  • Laminectomy, which is sometimes also called lumbar decompression, opens the bony tunnels through which the spinal cord and nerves pass. (nortonhealthcare.com)
  • Spinal ligaments can thicken (ligamenta flava) Bone spurs develop on the bone and into the spinal canal or foraminal openings Intervertebral discs may bulge or herniate into the canal or foraminal openings Degenerative disc disease causes narrowing of the spaces. (wikipedia.org)
  • The natural history of lumbar spinal stenosis due to degenerative spondylosis is relatively benign. (singhealth.com.sg)
  • This degenerative disorder may cause the loss of normal spinal structure and function. (healthline.com)
  • As we age, the human body experiences some degenerative processes, and the tissues in the spine may become thicker and bones larger, which puts pressure on the nerves. (tebmedtourism.com)
  • Can Spinal Tumors Affect the Brain? (medicinenet.com)
  • cancer health center / cancer a-z list / can spinal tumors affect the brain? (medicinenet.com)
  • These tumors arise within the skull or the spinal canal (the column that encloses the spinal cord). (medicinenet.com)
  • Spinal tumors can affect the brain in several ways. (medicinenet.com)
  • Spinal meningioma are tumors that most commonly appear in the mid-back (thoracic) region. (upmc.com)
  • Meningiomas account for approximately 25 percent of spinal canal tumors. (upmc.com)
  • UPMC neurosurgeons may also treat meningiomas with stereotactic spine radiosurgery , which is a minimally invasive technique that uses highly focused beams of radiation to target spinal tumors. (upmc.com)
  • In addition to age and arthritis, other conditions such as birth defects, spinal curvature or scoliosis and bone tumors can also cause canal stenosis . (tebmedtourism.com)
  • But if these extra lumps of bone that protrude from the spine or joints begin to impinge on the nerves or tendons, place pressure on ligaments, or rub against bones it can cause pain and stiffness. (tutorialspoint.com)
  • The spinal column is supported and held together by a network of muscles, tendons, and ligaments. (stanford.edu)
  • Magnetic resonance imaging (to assess injury to soft tissue, spinal cord, or ligaments) and/or computed tomography (to assess injury to bone) is the best way to identify the injury. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Transverse myelitis is an inflammation of the full width of the spinal cord that disrupts communication to the muscles, resulting in pain , weakness, and muscle paralysis. (encyclopedia.com)
  • Surgery may include removing a bulging disk , removing part of the vertebra bone , or widening the canal and openings where your spinal nerves are located . (medlineplus.gov)
  • Because a pars fracture causes the front (vertebra) and back (lamina) parts of the spinal bone to disconnect, only the front part slips forward. (bmc.org)
  • Laminectomy , one procedure that is used by the Spine Team, actually creates space by removing the back part of the vertebra that covers your spinal canal. (alortho.com)
  • In a vertebra, the lamina covers the back part of the spinal canal. (nortonhealthcare.com)
  • In the US case, a mature, gravid female worm was found within a mass in the cervical spinal canal of a young child in Arizona ( 6 ). (cdc.gov)
  • Diseases such as arthritis and scoliosis can cause spinal stenosis, too. (icd9data.com)
  • Our specialists are internationally recognized leaders in clinical research of spinal disease, injury and deformity, and have served in senior positions in the Scoliosis Research Society, the most prestigious organization for scoliosis surgeons around the world. (nortonhealthcare.com)
  • MRI of the spinal cord can show nerve-root thickening, cord enlargement, intraparenchymal and subarachnoid nodules, or epidural compression. (medscape.com)
  • The compression causes swelling, which exerts pressure on the nerves. (familyspinecenter.com)
  • True spinal sciatica is caused by compression or irritation of particular nerve roots in the lower back. (sciatica-pain.org)
  • Spinal Stenosis is a common condition characterized by a narrowing of the spinal canal, causing compression on the nerve roots and spinal cord. (pva.org)
  • Inversion therapy happens to be one of the best known alternative treatments for spinal compression. (losethebackpain.com)
  • Compression can happen within the spine canal, within the nerve root canals or even the intervertebral foramen. (bestblogsbrazil.com)
  • Given its connection to osteoarthritis, spinal stenosis is more commonly found in patients over the age of 50. (lifespan.org)
  • Wear and tear changes in the spine due to osteoarthritis can commonly cause narrowing the space within the spine and eventually causing canal stenosis. (tebmedtourism.com)
  • Also, aging can lead to conditions such as osteoarthritis (rheumatoid arthritis) and rheumatoid arthritis, both of which cause inflammation and can cause canal stenosis . (tebmedtourism.com)
  • Bone spurs in the spinal canal can result from osteoarthritis in the spine. (nortonhealthcare.com)
  • The openings for the nerve roots leaving the spinal column become narrow, placing pressure on the nerve. (mountsinai.org)
  • Growth in the spinal canal can block the flow of the cerebrospinal fluid or CSF. (medicinenet.com)
  • As opposed to epidural anesthesia, in which medications are instilled outside the dura mater, the goal of spinal anesthesia is to instill the desired medications into the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). (medscape.com)
  • Diagnosis involves meeting specific symptom criteria, as well as demonstrating spinal cord involvement with MRI scanning and examination of cerebrospinal fluid. (encyclopedia.com)
  • A tethered spinal cord occurs when the spinal cord is pulled down and is stuck or attached to the base of the spine's surrounding tissue. (gillettechildrens.org)
  • Type II is usually accompanied by a myelomeningocele -a form of spina bifida that occurs when the spinal canal and backbone do not close before birth (see below). (nih.gov)
  • There are also some simple exercises that can help relieve stress on the spinal joints. (earthclinic.com)
  • Nonsurgical spinal decompression is a type of motorized traction that may help relieve back pain . (webmd.com)
  • This may increase pressure on the neural structures. (singhealth.com.sg)
  • In some cases, the surgeon may enlarge the neural foramina the tunnels where the nerve roots leave the spinal cord. (eorthopod.com)
  • The ventricular system is embryologically derived from the neural canal, forming early in the development of the neural tube. (medscape.com)
  • The neural canal dilates within the prosencephalon, leading to the formation of the lateral ventricles and third ventricle. (medscape.com)
  • The dilation of the neural canal within the rhombencephalon forms the fourth ventricle. (medscape.com)
  • The presence of a spinal cord tumor or another condition that is exerting pressure on the spinal cord, vitamin B12 deficiency, or a history of radiation therapy to or cyclophosphamide injection into the spinal cord excludes the possibility of a diagnosis of transverse myelitis. (encyclopedia.com)
  • For patients experiencing neck pain in Scottsdale, Phoenix or Glendale, AZ and beyond, DISC offers cutting-edge spinal care diagnosis and treatment. (sciatica.com)
  • Diagnosis and appropriate correction of intrauterine anomalies are considered et d'Application en Chirurgie essential in order to increase chances of conception. (who.int)
  • Over 40% of children with spina bifida will undergo surgery to untether their spinal cord in their lifetime. (gillettechildrens.org)
  • In order to treat a tethered spinal cord, tethered spinal cord release surgery is often used. (gillettechildrens.org)
  • If you are questioning how long tethered spinal cord surgery takes, it is a rather short procedure. (gillettechildrens.org)
  • Note that the spinal cord does have the ability to re-tether after surgery, so for this reason, follow-up care after surgery is important. (gillettechildrens.org)
  • If the pain is persistent and does not respond to these conservative measures, surgery is considered to relieve the pressure on the nerves. (mountsinai.org)
  • Also known to some as decompression surgery, laminectomy enlarges your spinal canal to relieve the pressure on the spinal cord or nerves. (alortho.com)
  • To know how effective it really is, researchers need to compare spinal decompression with other alternatives to surgery. (webmd.com)
  • Are There Different Types of Spinal Decompression Surgery? (webmd.com)
  • What Are the Risks of Spinal Decompression Surgery? (webmd.com)
  • It can be difficult to determine who will benefit from spinal decompression surgery. (webmd.com)
  • Cleveland Clinic: "Spinal Decompression Surgery. (webmd.com)
  • Subarachnoid (spinal) block is a safe and effective alternative to general anesthesia when the surgical site is located on the lower extremities, perineum (eg, surgery on the genitalia or anus), or lower body wall (eg, inguinal herniorrhaphy ). (medscape.com)
  • To make more space in the spinal cords, in severe cases, the doctor may recommend surgery. (tebmedtourism.com)
  • CMs are classified by how severe they are and which parts of the brain protrude into the spinal canal. (nih.gov)
  • Spinal Decompression Therapy: Is It Right for You? (webmd.com)
  • Some people turn to spinal decompression therapy -- either surgical or nonsurgical. (webmd.com)
  • What Is Nonsurgical Spinal Decompression? (webmd.com)
  • Spinal decompression works by gently stretching the spine. (webmd.com)
  • More research is needed to establish the safety and effectiveness of nonsurgical spinal decompression. (webmd.com)
  • How Is Nonsurgical Spinal Decompression Done? (webmd.com)
  • You are fully clothed during spinal decompression therapy. (webmd.com)
  • Who Should not Have Nonsurgical Spinal Decompression? (webmd.com)
  • Ask your doctor whether or not you are a good candidate for nonsurgical spinal decompression. (webmd.com)
  • Surgical spinal decompression is another option for treating certain types of back pain . (webmd.com)
  • It occurs when the lower part of your cerebellum (called the cerebellar tonsils) pushes into the opening between the skull and spinal cord (foramen magnum). (nih.gov)
  • It occurs when the cartilage surrounding a disc pushes against the spinal cord or nerve roots. (healthline.com)
  • A Chiari Malformation is where the lower part of the brain pushes down into the top of spinal canal. (sheffieldchildrens.nhs.uk)
  • The annulus fibrosus is a fibrocartilageous ring that surrounds the nucleus pulposus, which keeps the nucleus pulposus in tact when forces are applied to the spinal column. (mountsinai.org)
  • A spinal disc consists of two main parts: the jelly-like nucleus pulposus in the disc's center and the outer-most layers, collectively called the annulus fibrosus. (spine-health.com)
  • Disc degeneration or trauma can cause the nucleus to herniate through the weakened layers of the outer disc and leak out of the annulus fibrosus into the spinal canal. (spine-health.com)
  • In the case of a lumbar herniated disc , the weak spot in the annulus fibrosus is directly underneath the spinal nerve root, so a herniation in this area can put direct pressure on the nerve. (spine-health.com)
  • Operations on the nervous system included injection of agent into spinal canal, performed 2.9 million times, including injections for pain relief. (cdc.gov)
  • The addition of a mask for certain spinal injections grew from recent evidence of an associated risk for developing meningitis caused by respiratory flora. (cdc.gov)
  • Because of the technical challenges of readily identifying the epidural space and the toxicity associated with the large doses of local anesthetics needed for epidural anesthesia, spinal anesthesia was the dominant form of neuraxial anesthesia well into the 20th century. (medscape.com)
  • Alternatively, spinal and epidural anesthesia can be used jointly, taking advantage of the qualities of both techniques: the rapid, dense sensorimotor blockade of a spinal anesthetic and the opportunity to redose the patient with an epidural catheter anesthetic. (medscape.com)
  • New additions to the recommendations for Standard Precautions are Respiratory Hygiene/Cough Etiquette and safe injection practices, including the use of a mask when performing certain high-risk, prolonged procedures involving spinal canal punctures (e.g., myelography, epidural anesthesia). (cdc.gov)
  • During total disk replacement (TDR), the inner portion of a damaged spinal disk is replaced with an artificial disk to restore normal movement of the backbone. (mountsinai.org)
  • CM is associated with and can cause other neurological conditions, including hydrocephalus (an excessive buildup of CSF in the brain), spina bifida (the incomplete closing of the backbone and membranes around the spinal cord), syringomyelia (a CSF-filled cyst known as a syrinx in the spinal cord), and tethered cord syndrome (in which the spinal cord movement is restricted by the tissue around the bottom of the spine). (nih.gov)
  • Your spine, or backbone, protects your spinal cord and allows you to stand and bend. (icd9data.com)
  • Lily will continue to receive long term care from various teams at Sheffield Children's, including the combined Spinal Clinic, Ophthalmology, Neurology, Neurosurgery, Urology, Orthopaedics and the hydrocephalus nurses. (sheffieldchildrens.nhs.uk)
  • He has been a prominent figure in the industry for your entire neurosurgery and spinal disorder treatment needs. (bestblogsbrazil.com)
  • At the Norman Prince Spine Institute at Newport Hospital , we take a collaborative approach to patient care that provides both nonsurgical and surgical options for a range of spinal disorders, including spinal stenosis. (lifespan.org)
  • What are your options of handling your neurological and spinal disorders by a qualified and competent doctor? (bestblogsbrazil.com)
  • This pressure may cause pain and permanent damage to the spinal tissue and nerves if left untreated. (gillettechildrens.org)
  • From that opening, the filum terminale, or the band of tissue at the base of the spinal cord, is cut to release the spinal cord so that it can move freely. (gillettechildrens.org)
  • Spinal x-rays can detect a meningioma, and CT scans and MRI scans are usually used to provide more detail about the tumor size, location, and effects on the surrounding tissue. (upmc.com)
  • These nerves project downward from the end of the spinal cord and into the legs, buttocks, thighs, perineum or saddle area (which includes the scrotum, testes, and penis in males), and rectal sphincter. (justia.com)
  • If a disc or cushion of the spine bulges out, the bundle of spinal nerves are pinched from the extra growth. (backpaindetails.com)
  • The spinal column forms a protective tunnel or canal for the spinal cord, the bundle of nerve fibers that transmit the impulses, or "signals," to and from the brain that give us the ability to feel and enable us to move. (stanford.edu)
  • A spinal cord injury is damage to the bundle of cells and nerves that carry incoming and outgoing messages between the brain and the rest of the body. (msdmanuals.com)
  • All of these activities and the like can put pressure on the herniated area, causing sharp bouts of pain or even long-lasting injuries. (myzeo.com)
  • But if this is the only way you feel you can get a level of relĀ”ef from your back pain, this may be an indication that your body weight is putting immense pressure on a slipped disc. (myzeo.com)
  • Pressure on an irritated or damaged nerve can produce pain that radiates along the nerve. (eorthopod.com)
  • Pain or pressure if your lower back commonly results from an injury. (healthline.com)
  • [ 5 ] Patients with chronic low back pain may decline spinal anesthesia out of concerns for increased low back pain. (medscape.com)
  • Tired of being pressured into having risky surgeries to treat sciatica or back pain? (losethebackpain.com)
  • During some spinal surgeries, the surgeon will remove some bone to create more room for your spinal nerves or spinal column. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Your doctor may suggest one or more types of back surgeries to relieve the pressure in your spine. (webmd.com)
  • When a space occupying lesion (something that doesn't belong in a space, i.e. splinter, bullet or tumor) or in the form of a herniated disc (by definition always from trauma), goes beyond the borders of the disc/vertebrate into the spinal canal, it can touch and/or push the spinal cord. (chiropractormaitland.com)