• Lignocellulosic biomass present on our earth, consisting of cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin is considered to be as ?Waste? (omicsonline.org)
  • As a natural and renewable biopolymer, lignin is next only to cellulose in natural abundance, since it is an integral part of the plant cell wall. (ncsu.edu)
  • The main components of wood, lignin, hemicellulose and cellulose are heterogeneously distributed in the cell walls. (rgzm.de)
  • Together with lignin, they strengthen the cellulose skeleton. (rgzm.de)
  • In wood, the cellulose fibrils would correspond to fibres embedded in a solid matrix of lignin and hemicellulose. (rgzm.de)
  • The extent to which wood is degraded can therefore also be read from the altered quantity ratio of the main components forming the cell wall: lignin, hemicellulose and cellulose. (rgzm.de)
  • With over 80% of organic carbon being present in the form of cellulose, lignin and starch it is unsurprising that numerous groups have attempted to use these as feedstock chemicals and materials. (soci.org)
  • Wood based biomass contains mostly hemicellulose, cellulose and lignin. (scirp.org)
  • At present, this is the only known anaerobic microbe capable of solubilising all plant components - including cellulose, glucose, and lignin, which is extremely difficult to break down - at the same time and at similar rates. (rsc.org)
  • Hemicellulose is the second most abundant polysaccharide constituent of lignocellulosic biomass, which is present in almost all terrestrial plant cell walls and also found as the major chemical "impurity" in technical lignins (Vuorinen & Alén, 1999). (boku.ac.at)
  • The most common technical lignins include lignosulphonates (isolated from sulfite pulping), kraft lignins (isolated from kraft pulping black liquor), organosolv lignins (isolated from organosolv pulping), soda lignins (isolated from soda pulping) and lignin residue after enzymatic treatment of biomass. (wikipedia.org)
  • Native high-S lignin as well as several organosolv lignins extracted from this poplar biomass were investigated as feedstocks. (rsc.org)
  • This sequence of two catalytic reactions demonstrates that the production of epoxides from lignin-derived DMPPO is a realistic strategy for making renewable polymer building blocks from biomass. (rsc.org)
  • Lignin is currently a widely available second generation biomass waste stream, found in for example the paper pulp industry and cellulosic ethanol plants. (sae.org)
  • Lignin is a major component of lignocellulosic biomass [ 1 ] and has the potential to be a valuable starting material for producing biofuels or high value bioproducts [ 2 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The conversion methods for producing bioethanol from cellulosic biomass resources like distillers' waste grain include a pretreatment procedure, such as drying, size reduction, and removal of lignin and other unwanted components such as protein, water and fibre. (rte.ie)
  • For using lignin as a source for platform chemicals, different studies with the overall target to find a process which delivers platform chemicals out of every applied biomass that accrue as waste, like bark or Kraft lignin from pulping, need to be performed. (scirp.org)
  • Lignin is a recalcitrant aromatic polymer that is a potential feedstock for renewable fuel and chemical production. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Such compounds have the advantage to be stable in blends with fossil diesel fuel, to have a boiling point close to the diesel fuel range, and have the potential to be produced in a renewable way from lignin, which has a similar hexagonal hydrocarbon basis, albeit in polymer form. (sae.org)
  • Lignin is renewable, readily available and relatively inexpensive. (justia.com)
  • BorrePlex OA is a modified organic acid derived from lignin, a nature-based and renewable raw material that contains carbon and sugars. (millerchemical.com)
  • On the other hand, lignin is a promising renewable resource available in large quantities, which could be used chemically. (scirp.org)
  • Herbs and woody plants are potential renewable biofuel feedstocks, but their chemical complexity and high lignin content make them extremely difficult to degrade. (rsc.org)
  • There are certain groups of lignin degrading fungi which are capable of synthesizing non-specific enzymes like laccase, lignin peroxidase and manganese peroxidase ( Khammuang and Sarnthima, 2009 ). (scialert.net)
  • The amount of lignin is determined using gravimetry and spectrophotometry. (wikipedia.org)
  • The amount of lignin derived coke comprises a sufficient quantity to change at least a selected property of the graphite article. (justia.com)
  • He was a plant molecular biologist, studying tree biology and the genes responsible for lignin in plant cell walls. (ubc.ca)
  • Soil fungi were evaluated regarding their ability to degrade lignin-related compounds by producing the ligninolytic enzymes. (scielo.br)
  • The viability of lignin degradation depends on the availability of optimal lignin-modifying enzymes [ 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 ] that can efficiently degrade lignin biopolymers into simpler aromatics. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Most often, this term is used to describe the characterization of technical lignins by means of chemical or thermo-chemical analysis. (wikipedia.org)
  • Technical lignins are lignins isolated from various biomasses during various kinds of technical processes such as wood pulping. (wikipedia.org)
  • Lignin-carbohydrate complexes (LCC) were isolated from poplar wood after ball-milling for 48 h and 72 h. (ncsu.edu)
  • However, no process for the production of aromatics from lignin in technical scale has been established until now. (scirp.org)
  • Development of suitable enzymatic assays for characterization of putative lignin active enzymes is an important step towards improving our understanding of the catalytic activities of relevant enzymes. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Project presentation "Enzymatic Depolymerization of Lignin" from Manfred Klug. (lu.se)
  • The term "lignin characterization" (or "lignin analysis") refers to a group of activities within lignin research aiming at describing the characteristics of a lignin by determination of its most important properties. (wikipedia.org)
  • Expressive degradations was observed by C18 reversed-phase HPLC, indicating the biodegradation potential of these fungi, showing more advantages than obligate anaerobes to decontaminate the environment when present naturally. (scielo.br)
  • Expressive degradations was observed by C 18 reversed-phase HPLC, indicating the biodegradation potential of these fungi, showing more advantages than obligate anaerobes to decontaminate the environment when present naturally. (scielo.br)
  • The ability of P. chrysosporium to compete with indigenous fungi present in fresh wood chips was notorious under controlled laboratory experiments. (degruyter.com)
  • These processes proceed much more slowly than degradation by fungi, which are even able to decompose lignin, but can only thrive in aerobic environments. (rgzm.de)
  • In addition, lignin is much more resistant to chemical or biological degradation than polysaccharides. (rgzm.de)
  • Under the table "Original data" are the percentage the total sample quantity, whereby the missing difference to 100% is acid-soluble lignin, degradation products (which were not detected by chromatography) or extractives which were not determined separately. (rgzm.de)
  • Hence, the focus of this work is to clarify the chemical degradation mechanism under hydrothermal conditions, to liquefy lignin delivering high functional molecules and to increase the yield and selectivity of the cleavage towards bifunctional molecules like catechol. (scirp.org)
  • The chemical degradation mechanism under hydrothermal conditions to liquefy lignin delivering high functional molecules is investigated in this work. (scirp.org)
  • For the chemical use of lignin to gain platform chemicals, a depolymerization step is necessary. (scirp.org)
  • Kena Li presented her midterm seminar entitled Base-catalyzed depolymerization of Kraft lignin for low-molecular-mass compound production on June 20, 2019. (lu.se)
  • This work focused on providing a molecular understanding of the way the polymeric properties of kraft lignin and its derivatives are affected by various thermal treatments. (ncsu.edu)
  • This information was then correlated with the polymeric properties of the materials (glass transition temperature ( T g), molecular weight characteristics, and thermal stability) for a series of selectively and progressively derivatized softwood kraft lignin samples. (ncsu.edu)
  • Softwood kraft lignin was highly susceptible to thermally induced reactions that caused its molecular characteristics to be severely altered with the concomitant formation of irreversible cross-linking. (ncsu.edu)
  • However, by fully methylating the phenolic OH groups from within the structure of softwood kraft lignin, the thermal stability of these materials was dramatically enhanced and their T g reduced. (ncsu.edu)
  • 2011). It is these ether linkages that are most susceptible to cleavage by technical kraft processes, which impart a large amount of phenolic hydroxyl groups within the structure of kraft lignins (Gierer 1980). (ncsu.edu)
  • citation needed] The main hydroxyl groups in lignin are aliphatic (R-OH), phenolic (Ph-OH) and carboxylic acid (R-COOH) hydroxyl groups. (wikipedia.org)
  • Here, we extend this approach to develop a reliable and rapid assay to study lignin-modifying enzymes. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Two β-aryl ether bond containing model lignin dimer substrates, designed to be suitable for studying the activities of lignin-modifying enzymes (LMEs) by nanostructure-initiator mass spectrometry (NIMS), were successful synthesized. (biomedcentral.com)
  • A new assay procedure has been developed for studying lignin-modifying enzymes by nanostructure-initiator mass spectrometry. (biomedcentral.com)
  • This is the first time that NIMS technology was applied to study the activities of lignin-modifying enzymes. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The utilization of new and emerging fungal enzymes in industrial production will present new occupational exposures. (cdc.gov)
  • These plant materials contain large amounts of lignin (fibrous material) and decompose slowly. (mylongview.com)
  • Grass clippings are approximately 80-85% water with only small amounts of lignin and decompose much quicker. (mylongview.com)
  • Guillermina Hernandez-Raquet , from INSA Toulouse/INRAE presented her research about "Unveiling the potential of termite gut microbiome for lignin bioconversion" during a seminar at Kemicentrium on September 29, 2023. (lu.se)
  • The researchers have previously used Pseudomonas putida to valorize chemical mixtures from lignin-the hardy parts of cell walls in plants that are difficult to break down. (globenewswire.com)
  • while the use of histochemical techniques on the leaf blade showed evidence of the presence of phenolic compounds, tannins, triterpenes and steroids, lipophilic compounds, starch, lignin and calcium oxalate crystals. (bvsalud.org)
  • Lignin, an industrial byproduct of wood-free papermaking, is one of the most abundant organic based polymers on earth. (justia.com)
  • Lignin is a complex polyphenolic macromolecule and a mechanism of support in vegetable tissues, protecting them against the microorganisms. (scielo.br)
  • Lignin, an aromatic macromolecule, may play an important role in that exchange, as it is the only bio based source of aromatic compounds. (scirp.org)
  • Hemicelluloses usually accompany isolated lignins, no matter whether from a laboratory preparation or an industrial process. (boku.ac.at)
  • Peeling delignification has been proposed as an additional delignification route by peeling of hemicelluloses which have lignin fragments covalently bound to them. (degruyter.com)
  • Thermochemical processes employ heat, usually with little or no oxygen present, to produce ethanol and chemicals. (msu.edu)
  • In fact less than 2% of available lignin is used in the manufacturing of industrial materials or chemicals. (justia.com)
  • On the one hand, this fact makes lignin a challenge for its conversion to produce chemicals and special treatments are necessary and need to be understood well. (scirp.org)
  • Therefore, lignin provides a large potential source for the production of chemicals. (scirp.org)
  • Catechol has a high potential as a platform chemical because of two present hydroxy groups and can be used as a precursor to fine chemicals such as perfumes and pharmaceuticals or as a building block in the organic synthesis. (scirp.org)
  • Several aromatic compounds such as biphenyl, phenols, anysols, diaryl-ethers present in the lignin structure contribute to their irregular and recalcitrant nature. (scielo.br)
  • At present, dyes are mainly aromatic compounds and heterocyclic structures with polar and color-display groups. (hindawi.com)
  • Rhodococcus opacus PD630 is a promising strain for the biological upgrading of lignin due to its ability to tolerate and utilize lignin-derived aromatic compounds. (biomedcentral.com)
  • citation needed] The dry matter content of lignins is the residue after drying at specified conditions. (wikipedia.org)
  • The method includes mixing a first amount of coke precursor material derived from a carbon residue having a carbon content of at least 70 percent with a second amount of coke precursor material derived from lignin, thereby forming a precursor mixture. (justia.com)
  • The filtered hydrolysis residue was weighed and can be used as a measure of the lignin contained in the sample. (rgzm.de)
  • This dynamic measurement will allow estimating the interfacial pressure and kinetics of lignin binding to the interface, which is crucial for efficient oil-herding. (aiche.org)
  • The kinetics are first order in residual lignin content [hexenuronic acid (HexA) corrected], and follow a Langmuir-type behavior for adsorption of oxygen on the active aromatic lignin sites. (degruyter.com)
  • Lignin is one such naturally derived biopolymer where its microbial decomposition in the environment transforms it into non-toxic low-molecular weight sub units. (aiche.org)
  • However, the polyol has been found to be amorphous and highly functionalized, and attempts to utilize lignin as a feedstock for carbon products have had little success. (justia.com)
  • Currently, most of the directly useable lignin accrues at the paper industry as a byproduct in an amount of about fifty million tons per year. (scirp.org)
  • however, significant roadblocks exist due to our lack of detailed understanding of how lignin is enzymatically depolymerized and of the range of possible lignin fragments that can be produced. (biomedcentral.com)
  • However, most N and P in soils are not readily available for uptake by mycelia since they are mostly present in organic molecules such as amino acids, proteins, chitin etc. or they are enclosed in, bound to or embedded in intact cell walls, lignin, etc. (lu.se)
  • Note that petroleum ether extracts may also contain elemental sulphur, S8, if present in the lignin sample. (wikipedia.org)
  • If the dried extracts contain a yellowish precipitate, this indicates that sulphur is present. (wikipedia.org)
  • Absorption of sulphur dioxide from the air and its reaction with the metals present in the paper. (surreycc.gov.uk)
  • Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) showed that the bio-carriers were composed of lignin moieties and polysaccharide units. (ncsu.edu)
  • In order to understand better some of the reasons for differences between forage plant species in digestibility, different parts of nine plant species in either milled or chopped (1 cm lengths) form were examined for in vitro digestibility and in milled form for neutral detergent fibre and lignin. (cambridge.org)
  • The forage at the early harvest was, on average, 1-4% units more digestible in vitro than that at the later harvest and generally slightly lower in lignin and neutral detergent fibre content. (cambridge.org)
  • the leaf blade midribs of Z. mays were less digestible and higher in neutral detergent fibre than the stems and similar to the stems in lignin content. (cambridge.org)
  • The leaflets of T. repens had an appreciably lower neutral detergent fibre content than the stolons and petioles and a rather lower lignin content in dry matter and yet were, if anything, less digestible than the stolons and petioles. (cambridge.org)
  • In both D. intortum and B. napus , the leaflets or leaf blades were much lower than the stems in neutral detergent fibre and lignin and yet they were no more digestible than the stems when milled. (cambridge.org)
  • Other smaller fractions, such as protein and fibre, are also present. (rte.ie)
  • The lignin content can be defined as the sum of the amount of acid-insoluble matter and acid-soluble matter, absorbing at 205 nm, after sulphuric acid hydrolysis during specified conditions, as determined by gravimetry and spectrophotometry, in milligrams per gram. (wikipedia.org)
  • Because the dissolved oxygen and alkali concentrations in the reactor are constant, the rate of lignin removal may be determined from the dissolved lignin content in the outflow stream measured by UV absorption. (degruyter.com)
  • The first order in residual lignin content implies that the active lignin sites are uniformly distributed and have the same reactivity. (degruyter.com)
  • If the polysaccharides degrade, the lignin content increases as a percentage of the remaining amount. (rgzm.de)
  • The statistical multivariate analysis demonstrated a strong and positive correlation between K(oc) and the lignin content as well as negative correlations between K(oc) and the phenolic groups and %dichloromethane extractives contents. (nih.gov)
  • Previous measurements also show a lignin content of about 32% 1 . (scirp.org)
  • The present disclosure presents a method for determining the bark content in woodchips and an arrangement implementing the method. (sumobrain.com)
  • The present study of C. bejolghota bark will be useful in laying down standardization and pharmacopoeia parameters and information obtained can be used as markers in the identification. (niscair.res.in)
  • It is proposed that the active site is the 3 carbon of the aromatic ring, where oxygen reacts to form a hydroperoxide, with a p K a of almost 2 units higher than that of phenolic lignin. (degruyter.com)
  • The disclosure relates to the field of carbon products and methods of making carbon products and more specifically to the field of making graphite products in which lignin is a precursor for the making of the graphite products. (justia.com)
  • It is a source of plant nutrients due to the calcium and sulfur present in the carbon formulation. (millerchemical.com)
  • Hardwood lignins, however, are composed of a mixture of predominantly G and S units with a small amount of H units (Fengel and Wegener 1984). (ncsu.edu)
  • Lignins can be characterized by determination of their purity, molecular structure and thermal properties. (wikipedia.org)
  • In such a determination, the lignin sample is dissolved using a mixture of DMF and pyridine (in excess for a quantitative reaction), in the presence of an internal standard (IS) and a relaxation reagent (RR), and then phosphitylated using a mixture of a derivatisation regent (DR) and deuterated chloroform. (wikipedia.org)
  • We describe in this study the use of a genetically modified high-S poplar lignin to produce 4-propyl-2,6-dimethoxyphenol (DMPP), which is converted to the tri-functional compound propylpyrogallol (DMPPO) by a reaction catalysed by N 2 O 5 in the green solvent water. (rsc.org)
  • Notably, direct reductive catalytic fractionation (RCF) of the high-S poplar wood over Pd-Zn/C catalyst with Pd : Zn ratio 1 : 10 at 225 °C under 35 bar H 2 in methanol gave the highest yield of biophenol monomers from the lignin present, the major product being DMPP. (rsc.org)
  • Prof. Dr. Christoph Wittmann from University of Saarland, Germany, was invited to give a seminar entitled "A field of dreams: lignin valorization using metabolically engineered microbes" on April 21, 2023. (lu.se)
  • Analysis of the pulp lignin contents and final pulp yields demonstrated that the addition of AQ improved delignification selectivity. (degruyter.com)
  • The data suggest that a decline in tissue concentrations of lignin, xylan, and mineral constituents, as CO2 concentration increases from 270 ppm to higher levels, affects the combustion process. (usda.gov)
  • We suspect that as tissue concentrations of lignin and inorganics decline, char formation decreases thereby allowing more complete combustion. (usda.gov)
  • Changes in combustion parameters of B. tectorum induced by different CO2 concentrations and elevation ecotype may be a strong consideration to understanding fire behaviors of the past, present, and future. (usda.gov)
  • A precursor having at least five percent of lignin based coke and d002 spacing of more than 3.36 angstroms and less 3.44 for making graphite. (justia.com)
  • A monolithic graphite article having a volume of at least 1 cubic centimeter ("cc") formed from a precursor including at least five percent by weight of lignin based coke and d 002 spacing of more than 3.36 angstroms and less than 3.44. (justia.com)
  • Two approaches were integrated to reach this objective: (1) statistical multivariate analysis to obtain correlations between the sorption capacity, measured as K(oc), and the sorbent properties (i.e. polarity, acidic functional groups, %dichloromethane extractives, %ethanol and water extractives, %suberin, %lignin and %holocellulose) and (2) modeling calculations to obtain information on interaction at the molecular level. (nih.gov)
  • Here, we will quantify the affinity of lignin nanoparticles to oil-water interface using the adsorption isotherms. (aiche.org)
  • The adsorption dynamics will be presented in terms of time-dependent dynamic interfacial tension measurements as function of lignin concentration and salinity. (aiche.org)
  • A electrocoagulation (EC)/peanut shell (PS) adsorption coupling technique was studied for the removal of malachite green (MG) in our present work. (iwaponline.com)
  • Finally, data are presented showing that radicals may provide an essential contribution to delignification by their removal of non-lignin and non-HexA oxidizable structures contributing to the kappa number. (degruyter.com)
  • These pellets impart not a heavy, acrid, smoky taste, but one which derives from guaiacol, the flavor molecules which get released when you burn the lignin present in all wood. (woodcraft.com)
  • The aim of the present work is to go further by investigating the sorption mechanism of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (exemplified by phenanthrene) on cork and the availability of the chemical components (i.e. lignin, suberin, holocellulose and extractives) to retain phenanthrene. (nih.gov)
  • Here, we will introduce lignin nanoparticle dispersions as a new class of eco-friendly alternative for oil-spill remediation. (aiche.org)
  • In the present work, we have functionalized isosorbide 5-methacrylate with various aromatic lignin-inspired esters to yield a series of isosorbide-2-aryl carboxylate-5-methacrylate monomers (ArIMAs) as single regioisomers. (lu.se)
  • Wood-based alternative materials present an improvement in this sense. (industryintel.com)
  • Lignin and other wood-derived by-products are burned to produce heat and electricity. (msu.edu)
  • The present invention relates to the field of pest control and wood protection and wood pest control, and more specifically to bio-based formulations, comprising pesticide products in the form of plant extracts, which are stable and have. (sumobrain.com)
  • The present invention relates to a bonding resin useful for example in the manufacture of laminates, mineral wool insulation and wood products such as plywood, oriented strandboard (OSB), laminated veneer lumber (LVL), medium density fib. (sumobrain.com)
  • The present invention relates to a wood joint comprising two parts: a first part which is a mortise and a second part which is a tenon. (sumobrain.com)
  • Marie Gorwa Grauslund and Christian Hulteberg each presented LU research results on lignin valorization at the Innovation Summit on Wood-Based Materials in Malmö on November 6, 2018. (lu.se)
  • The fundamental principles presented here will lay a foundation for fabricating next generation of eco-friendly oil-herders using lignin materials and other biocompatible amphiphiles. (aiche.org)
  • The accumulated data is aimed at providing the foundations for a rational design of single component, lignin-based thermoplastic materials with reproducible polymeric properties when thermally processed in a number of manufacturing cycles. (ncsu.edu)
  • Krithika Ravi successfully defended her PhD thesis entitled "Towards bacterial valorization of low molecular weight lignin" on November 28, 2019. (lu.se)
  • We also encourage people working with all techniques (IRMS-, NMR- or spectroscopy-based) to present advances in methods, as well as researchers focusing on improving oxygen and hydrogen isotope-based models to discuss their approaches. (copernicus.org)