Recombinant proteins and plasmids encoding hepatitis C virus (HCV) proteins, the components of candidate vaccines, induce a weak immune response and require the use of adjuvants. (bvsalud.org)
NS5B3
citation needed] The proteins of this virus are arranged along the genome in the following order: N terminal-core-envelope (E1)-E2-p7-nonstructural protein 2 (NS2)-NS3-NS4A-NS4B-NS5A-NS5B-C terminal. (wikipedia.org)
The mature nonstructural proteins (NS2 to NS5B) generation relies on the activity of viral proteinases. (wikipedia.org)
The aim of the work was to study the adjuvant action of an aqueous solution of fullerene C60 during immunization of mice with HCV recombinant protein NS5B (rNS5B) that is an RNA-dependent RNA polymerase, or with NS5B-encoding pcNS5B plasmid. (bvsalud.org)
Cellular3
The large pre-protein is later cleaved by cellular and viral proteases into the 10 smaller proteins that allow viral replication within the host cell, or assemble into the mature viral particles. (wikipedia.org)
Based on the available data and research through clinical development, a vaccine antigen based on the E1E2 glycoprotein complex appears to be the best choice, but robust induction of humoral and cellular responses leading to virus neutralisation has not yet been achieved. (bvsalud.org)
Further research is needed to enhance the ability of dnC60 to boost the cellular immune response to the components of the candidate vaccine. (bvsalud.org)
Viral4
This is why on publicly available databases, such as the European Bioinformatics Institute, the viral proteome only consists of 2 proteins. (wikipedia.org)
citation needed] At the 5′ and 3′ ends of the RNA are the untranslated regions (UTR), that are not translated into proteins but are important to translation and replication of the viral RNA. (wikipedia.org)
NS1 (p7) protein is dispensable for viral genome replication but plays a critical role in virus morphogenesis. (wikipedia.org)
The recent failure of a T-cell vaccine based on the use of viral vectors expressing the HCV non-structural protein sequences to prevent chronic hepatitis C in drug users has pointed out that the induction of neutralizing antibodies (NAbs) will be essential in future vaccine candidates. (bvsalud.org)
Subunit2
E1 serves as the fusogenic subunit and E2 acts as the receptor binding protein. (wikipedia.org)
However, subunit vaccines often have limited immunogenicity, as seen for HCV, and thus multiple formats must be examined in order to elicit a robust anti-HCV immune response. (bvsalud.org)
Both envelope proteins (E1 and E2) are highly glycosylated and important in cell entry. (wikipedia.org)
CONCLUSIONS: Dispersed fullerene dnC60 is a promising adjuvant for increasing the immunostimulating activity of weakly immunogenic proteins including surface and other HCV proteins, important for a protective response. (bvsalud.org)
Nanoparticle vaccines are gaining prominence in the field due to their ability to facilitate a controlled multivalent presentation and trafficking to lymph nodes, where they can interact with both arms of the immune system. (bvsalud.org)
Envelope proteins4
Both envelope proteins (E1 and E2) are highly glycosylated and important in cell entry. (wikipedia.org)
The thus replicated HCV genomic RNA is packaged by the Core protein and envelope proteins (E1 protein and E2 protein), which are structural proteins, so that new viral particles are formed. (justia.com)
HCV envelope proteins are considered to play a key role in the binding of HCV to cell surfaces. (justia.com)
Thus, research has been conducted for preparation of antibodies against envelope proteins in blood serum samples of HCV patients. (justia.com)
Antibody4
An object of the present invention is to provide an antibody inhibiting infection with hepatitis C virus (HCV). (justia.com)
The present invention provides an anti-hepatitis C virus antibody that recognizes a whole or a part of the conformation of a hepatitis C virus particle as an epitope and binds thereto, so as to be able to inhibit the binding of hepatitis C virus to the surface of a host cell and to inhibit HCV infection, a humanized antibody thereof, and an inhibitory agent for infection with hepatitis C virus. (justia.com)
The present invention relates to an antibody having activity of inhibiting hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection and use thereof. (justia.com)
The detection of antibody to non-structural protein (NSP) of Foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) is the reliable diagnostic method for differentiating infected from vaccinated animals (DIVA). (bvsalud.org)
Antibodies2
For this purpose, the detection of antibodies to non-structural 3ABC protein is suitable for identification of virus activity in the animals exposed to FMDV infection. (bvsalud.org)
This protein can be used as a suitable diagnostic antigen to detect antibodies following FMDV infection. (bvsalud.org)
Genome4
citation needed] The proteins of this virus are arranged along the genome in the following order: N terminal-core-envelope (E1)-E2-p7-nonstructural protein 2 (NS2)-NS3-NS4A-NS4B-NS5A-NS5B-C terminal. (wikipedia.org)
NS1 (p7) protein is dispensable for viral genome replication but plays a critical role in virus morphogenesis. (wikipedia.org)
The HCV genome encodes a precursor protein that is converted into 10 types of virus protein (i.e. (justia.com)
The genome terminal regions were maintained in a form able to sustain viral replication, while the internal region was clipped to include only the left-side genetic set, containing the coding sequence for the functional NS1 protein. (bvsalud.org)
Proteases1
The large pre-protein is later cleaved by cellular and viral proteases into the 10 smaller proteins that allow viral replication within the host cell, or assemble into the mature viral particles. (wikipedia.org)
Receptor3
It prevents CD81 from latching onto its respective receptor on the virus. (wikipedia.org)
E1 serves as the fusogenic subunit and E2 acts as the receptor binding protein. (wikipedia.org)
First, HCV binds to a specific protein (virus receptor) on the cell surface and is incorporated by endocytosis into the host cell. (justia.com)
Infection1
This is mainly because the rate of chronicity of hepatitis due to HCV infection is as high as 70% to 80% and there are no effective antiviral agents other than interferons at present. (justia.com)
Replication1
Following transfection in UT7/EpoS1 cells, this minigenome still proved competent for replication, transcription and production of NS1 protein. (bvsalud.org)
The virus is taken up by dendritic cells, which, after antigen processing, presents it to T cells, leading to immune activation and release of a cascade of cytokines that are believed to mediate the systemic effects of plasma leakage and circulatory insufficiency. (who.int)
However, at present, the number of HCV carriers including so-called virus carriers who have not yet developed hepatitis symptoms is deduced to be over 2,000,000 in Japan, and is over 170,000,000 in the world. (justia.com)
After each virus protein has been generated by processing, the HCV genomic RNA is replicated by RNA polymerase, which is one of the generated virus proteins. (justia.com)
Active2
This single open reading frame is translated to produce a single protein product, which is then further processed to produce smaller active proteins. (wikipedia.org)
In conclusion, we presented SUMO fusion for the enhanced expression in E. coli and purification of active recombinant 3ABC protein using non-denaturing conditions without refolding steps. (bvsalud.org)
Highly1
domain 3 (residues 175-191) is highly hydrophobic and acts as a signal sequence for E1 envelope protein. (wikipedia.org)
Disease1
Other coinfections or disease may be present. (medscape.com)
Development1
This leads to immune enhancement leading to the development of dengue shock syndrome (DSS). (who.int)