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Nontuberculous mycobacteriaInfectionBacteriaLepraeMarinumParatuberculosisAbscessusSpecies of mycobacteriaGenusUlcerans diseaseAvium-intracellulareSubspMycobacterialComplexAbstractAntigenSmegmatisGenome sequencePathogensSmearAcid-fast baInhibit2016StrainsFortuitumMacrophagesInfectiousBacilliPulmonary tuberculosisBuruliCausativeInfectionsRepeatedly positiveTransmissionPatientsDetectionSamplesInteractionsFindingsDiseaseCulturesDiseasesTissuesExposureTubercleConsistsDiagnostic

Nontuberculous mycobacteria5

• Mycobacterial species other than Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Mycobacterium leprae are classified as atypical mycobacteria, nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM), or environmental mycobacteria. (medscape.com)
• Nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) are aerobic, generally free-living organisms that do not form spores. (medscape.com)
• Nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) refer to all mycobacteria, excluding Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex and Mycobacterium leprae . (degruyter.com)
• In contrast, the MAC consists of several nontuberculous mycobacterial species, known as nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM). (medicalnewstoday.com)
• It can also induce granulomatous infection in humans called "fish tank disease" [ 2 ] and, as other nontuberculous mycobacteria, is responsible for opportunistic infections in immune-deficient patients [ 4 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

Infection10

• We hypothesised that the presence of active CTSB in the cytosol is crucial for NLRP3-inflammasome assembly and, consequently, for mature IL-1β generation after mycobacterial infection in vitro . (frontiersin.org)
• Elevated levels of CTSB was observed in the lungs of mice and rabbits following infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) H37Rv as well as in plasma from acute tuberculosis patients. (frontiersin.org)
• The pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-1β is thought to play a major role in host protection against Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) infection ( 1 - 8 ). (frontiersin.org)
• In temperate southeastern Australia over the past two decades there has been a marked progressive increase in human cases of Buruli ulcer, an infection of subcutaneous tissue caused by Mycobacterium ulcerans . (biorxiv.org)
• Here, we report the case of a 22-year-old woman with renal and lymph node Mycobacterium xenopi infection. (degruyter.com)
• Prolonged Outbreak of Mycobacterium chimaera Infection After Open-Chest Heart Surgery. (eurosurveillance.org)
• The most common mycobacterial species isolated from patients with diagnosed AIDS is Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC), although in some groups in which tuberculous infection is highly prevalent, disease caused by M. tuberculosis is more common (10-12). (cdc.gov)
• Mycobacterium tuberculosis bacilli enter the host by droplet inhalation, after which the localized infection escalates within the lungs and then disseminates to the regional lymph nodes. (medscape.com)
• If M chelonae, Mycobacterium abscessus or any rapidly growing mycobacteria (RGM)infection is discovered, additional testing for underlying disease may be needed. (medscape.com)
• Similarly, interferon-gamma release assays (IGRA) may help identify a true Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. (medscape.com)

Bacteria5

• Mycobacterium gastri is a species of the phylum Actinomycetota (Gram-positive bacteria with high guanine and cytosine content, one of the dominant phyla of all bacteria), belonging to the genus Mycobacterium. (wikipedia.org)
• Mycobacteria are a large group of aerobic bacteria that produce filamentous pellicles similar to molds when grown in liquid media. (medscape.com)
• Seven lineages of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB), the bacteria that causes "Tuberculosis" (TB), have been identified till date [ 1 ]. (hindawi.com)
• Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) and Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) are two distinct types of bacteria that can cause infections in the lungs and other parts of the body. (medicalnewstoday.com)
• The tests look for the presence of AFB bacteria in your sputum. (medlineplus.gov)

Leprae2

• To verify the presence of M. leprae in the periodontium, saliva and skin slit smears of leprosy patients. (bvsalud.org)
• There was no correlation between periodontal disease and the presence of M. leprae . (bvsalud.org)

Marinum2

• Causative agents of mycobacteriosis among aquatic animals are members of the genera Mycobacterium, such as M. marinum , M. fortuitum , M. chelonei , and others, including newly described species isolated from striped bass from the Chesapeake Bay watershed. (vin.com)
• Mycobacterium marinum is a waterborne pathogen of fish and other ectotherms, closely related to Mycobacterium tuberculosis . (biomedcentral.com)

Paratuberculosis4

• Naser SA, Sagramsingh SR, Naser AS, Thanigachalam S. Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis causes Crohn's disease in some inflammatory bowel disease patients. (wjgnet.com)
• One theory in particular is that Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (MAP) is intimately linked to the etiology of CD. (wjgnet.com)
• Does Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis cause Crohn's disease? (bmj.com)
• 1- 4 Interest in a possible infectious origin of this disorder was renewed in 1989 when Chiodini et al cultured apparently identical Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (MAP) from three patients with Crohn's disease. (bmj.com)

Abscessus1

• [ 6 ] Person-to-person spread is extremely uncommon, although in 2012 the first known outbreak of respiratory Mycobacterium abscessus subsp massiliense disease occurring in a population of patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) was reported. (medscape.com)

Species of mycobacteria2

• The type of disease depends on the species of mycobacteria, the route and degree of exposure, and the immune status of the host. (medscape.com)
• There are 32 species of mycobacteria that are pathogenic to humans, including M. tuberculosis. (wcponline.com)

Genus3

• The family Mycobacteriaceae consists of a single genus, Mycobacterium , which are thin, slightly curved-to-straight, non-spore-forming, nonmotile acid-fast bacilli. (medscape.com)
• Belonging to the same genus, Mycobacteria, they also share some features. (medicalnewstoday.com)
• Apart from the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC), the genus Mycobacterium includes over 120 species of non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM). (who.int)

Ulcerans disease1

• Chronic skin ulcers consistent with Mycobacterium ulcerans disease ( Figure 1 ) were first described in The Mengo Hospital Notes (Kampala, Uganda) in 1897 by the British physician Albert Cook. (dovepress.com)

Avium-intracellulare2

• Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare complex infections are becoming an increasing concern in veterinary medicine because they affect livestock, wildlife, and companion animals. (frontiersin.org)
• Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare complex (MAC) infections are becoming an increasing concern in veterinary medicine because they occur in a wide range of animals, including domestic animals ( 1 ), ruminant and non-ruminant wildlife ( 2 ), and companion animals ( 3 , 4 ). (frontiersin.org)

Subsp2

• Elucidating Transmission Patterns of Endemic Mycobacterium avium subsp. (mdpi.com)
• Novel Amphiphilic Cyclobutene and Cyclobutane cis -C 18 Fatty Acid Derivatives Inhibit Mycobacterium avium subsp. (mdpi.com)

Mycobacterial1

• Mycobacterial species isolated from sputum and grown in culture were examined to distinguish between NTM and the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC). (who.int)

Complex6

• In August 2013, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) permitted marketing of the Xpert MTB/RIF assay (Cepheid, Sunnyvale, California) to detect DNA of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC) and genetic mutations associated with resistance to rifampin (RMP) in unprocessed sputum and concentrated sputum sediments ( 1 ). (cdc.gov)
• [ 8 ] and that Mycobacterium avium and Mycobacterium intracellulare (known together as M avium complex [MAC]) infections are the main driver of this increase. (medscape.com)
• Of the 120 isolates analysed, 118 (98.3%) were identified as M. tuberculosis complex and 2 (1.7%) were identified as mycobacteria other than M. tuberculosis. (who.int)
• The results showed that those 2 isolates were multi-drug resistant and the DNA sequencing analysis showed that the alignment of nucleic acid of DNA in isolates of mycobacteria other than M. tuberculosis was different from that of M. tuberculosis complex. (who.int)
• The objective of our study was to describe the CT features of "hot tub lung" caused by exposure to Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) organisms in contaminated water. (nih.gov)
• The following is a review of an opportunistic pathogen of primary concern-Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC). (wcponline.com)

Abstract1

• ABSTRACT This study was done to characterize at the species level Mycobacterium spp. (who.int)

Antigen3

• Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTb) has long been a likely contender as the inciting antigen in sarcoidosis, although Koch's postulates have never been fulfilled. (bmj.com)
• Each ELISA is distinct using a specific kit meant for diagnosing a presence or absence of an antigen or antibody in a sample. (ndtv.com)
• The 38 kDa protein is a serious antigen of mycobacterium tuberculosis and has been broadly utilized in TB serodiagnosis, on account of its extremely sensitivity and specificity. (tbdb.org)

Smegmatis1

• Here we report the first structure of a full-length CoaBC, from the model organism Mycobacterium smegmatis , describe how it is organised as a dodecamer and regulated by CoA thioesters. (nature.com)

Genome sequence1

• the complete genome sequence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis continues to provide an invaluable resource to understand tuberculosis (TB), the leading cause of global infectious disease mortality. (jci.org)

Pathogens2

• Coenzyme A (CoA) is a fundamental co-factor for all life, involved in numerous metabolic pathways and cellular processes, and its biosynthetic pathway has raised substantial interest as a drug target against multiple pathogens including Mycobacterium tuberculosis . (nature.com)
• The most commonly encountered mycobacterium pathogens, however, are species of MAC. (wcponline.com)

Smear2

• As NTM cannot be distinguished from M. tuberculosis through smear microscopy, the presence of NTM can lead to a false-positive diagnosis of tuberculosis. (who.int)
• Primary testing methodology is sputum smear for acid-fast bacilli (AFB) and culture for mycobacteria. (medscape.com)

Acid-fast ba1

• All tissue specimens should be stained for acid-fast bacilli and cultured for mycobacteria. (cdc.gov)

Inhibit1

• Substances that inhibit the growth of Mycobacterium tuberculosis could potentially be used as antibiotics. (ejbiotechnology.info)

20161

• 2016 . Two cases of leprosy in siblings caused by Mycobacterium lepromatosis and review of the literature . (ajtmh.org)

Strains2

• The presence of two distinct strains of Mah has been assumed. (frontiersin.org)
• There is no cross-reactivity with non-tuberculous mycobacteria, and TB and rifampicin resistance were correctly detected in the presence of non-tuberculous DNA or mixed susceptible and resistant strains. (bvsalud.org)

Fortuitum1

• [ 2 ] Mycobacterium fortuitum has been reported as a commensal on human skin. (medscape.com)

Macrophages1

• The uptake of mycobacteria by professional phagocytes, such as macrophages, is dependent upon the early recognition of the pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) by specific pathogen recognition receptors (PRRs) that are crucial in initiating and driving the host immune response. (biomedcentral.com)

Infectious3

• Tuberculosis (TB) is a deadly infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis that typically affects the lungs (pulmonary TB) but may also occur in other organs (extrapulmonary TB), such as the central nervous system, lymphatic system, circulatory system, genitourinary system, bones, joints, and the skin. (hindawi.com)
• Buruli ulcer (BU) is a chronic, necrotizing infectious skin disease caused by Mycobacterium ulcerans . (biomedcentral.com)
• Tuberculosis (TB) an infectious illness brought on by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), infects the lungs' alveolar surfaces by the aerosol droplets. (tbdb.org)

Bacilli3

• The presence of dormant tubercle bacilli in animal tissues is best demonstrated in a well-known Cornell model [ 6 ]. (hindawi.com)
• This photomicrograph of a Ziehl-Neelsen-stained specimen, revealed the presence of magenta stained, rod-shaped, acid-fast, Mycobacterium tuberculosis bacilli. (cdc.gov)
• Mycobacterium tuberculosis bacilli enter the host by droplet inhalation. (medscape.com)

Pulmonary tuberculosis1

• To determine the proportion of non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) in samples of pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) cases from Papua New Guinea who were diagnosed using acid-fast microscopy. (who.int)

Buruli1

• Buruli ulcer (BU) is a neglected tropical skin disease caused by Mycobacterium ulcerans . (dovepress.com)

Causative1

• Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tuberculosis) is the causative agent of tuberculosis (TB) , a global health concern and leading cause of death. (medicalnewstoday.com)

Infections2

• Invasive infections with Mycobacterium chimaera were reported in patients with previous open chest surgery and exposure to contaminated heater-cooler units (HCUs). (eurosurveillance.org)
• Healthcare-associated prosthetic heart valve, aortic vascular graft, and disseminated Mycobacterium chimaera infections subsequent to open heart surgery. (eurosurveillance.org)

Repeatedly positive2

• We collected clinical information on 17 patients seen at a New York City hospital who had repeatedly positive cultures for Mycobacterium tuberculosis. (nih.gov)
• However, in the presence of chronic persistent pulmonary symptoms or repeatedly positive culture results, additional testing may be necessary. (medscape.com)

Transmission4

• Is International Travel an Emerging Issue on Transmission of Beijing Lineage Mycobacterium tuberculosis? (hindawi.com)
• Mycobacterium tuberculosis belonging to Beijing sublineage (BL) is associated with high tuberculosis (TB) transmission, multidrug resistance, and adverse treatment outcomes. (hindawi.com)
• Sommerstein R , Rüegg C , Kohler P , Bloemberg G , Kuster SP , Sax H . Transmission of Mycobacterium chimaera from heater-cooler units during cardiac surgery despite an ultraclean air ventilation system. (eurosurveillance.org)
• Early diagnosis and effective treatment of TB among HIV-infected patients are critical for curing TB, minimizing the negative effects of TB on the course of HIV, and interrupting the transmission of Mycobacterium tuberculosis to other persons in the community. (cdc.gov)

Patients5

• The presence of MAP in food for human consumption and in affected tissues of patients with CD has been detected. (scielo.cl)
• In the remaining four patients, all of whom had advanced HIV disease, the clinical and microbiologic evidence was consistent with the presence of active tuberculosis caused by a new strain of M. tuberculosis. (nih.gov)
• Patients with DLCO of less than 60% predicted and oxygen desaturation of less than 90% on the 6-minute walk test have a high likelihood of pulmonary hypertension and should undergo further evaluation for the presence of this disorder. (medscape.com)
• 2 In the Democratic Republic of the Congo (then the Belgian Congo), chronic ulcers caused by mycobacteria were reported in 170 patients in the 1940s and 1950s. (dovepress.com)
• An early-morning sputum sam- encoding the B-subunit of RNA of droplet particles aerosolized from ple was collected from 170 patients polymerase ( rpoB DNA, 342-360 persons infected with Mycobacterium into wide-mouthed plastic contain- base pairs) was the target region for tuberculosis or by consumption of milk ers. (who.int)

Detection2

• Analysis package to complete detection and visualization of genotypes of HPV and presence of mycobacteria in samples. (ahdiagnostics.dk)
• In addition, PCR was performed for the detection of mycobacteria. (cdc.gov)

Samples2

• Aseptically collected samples of spleen are used for quantitative cultures with both a nonselective media and media selective for Mycobacterium sp. (vin.com)
• ELISA assay confirmed the immunological specificity of the obtained protein within the presence of MTB-infected human serum samples. (tbdb.org)

Interactions2

• Among the PRRs, Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) and complement receptor 3 (CR3) have been demonstrated to play key roles in macrophage- Mycobacterium interactions [ 6 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
• A major hallmark of mycobacteria is the very thick and highly impermeable cell envelope, which plays a critical role in innate resistance to many antimicrobial agents and in directing host-pathogen interactions [ 10 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

Findings1

• The benefits of adjuvant corticosteroids remain in doubt: their use in adults is controversial, though they may be indicated in the presence of increased ICP, altered consciousness, focal neurological findings, spinal block, and tuberculous encephalopathy. (medscape.com)

Disease1

• In addition, these authors reported weak associations with perianal involvement and a shorter duration of disease but no correlation with patient sex, age at diagnosis, stricturing versus penetrating phenotype, or presence of granulomas. (bmj.com)

Cultures1

• Mycobacteria were also identified from cultures on Middlebrooks and R2A. (cdc.gov)

Diseases1

• MTB and MAC are diseases caused by mycobacteria but differ in several ways. (medicalnewstoday.com)

Tissues1

• BACKGROUND Although some studies have reported the presence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTb) DNA in tissues affected by sarcoidosis, the data are conflicting. (bmj.com)

Exposure1

• Scientists at the University of Notre Dame studying the presence of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in consumer products and textiles have expanded their search for potential sources of PFAS exposure - developing an effective method of testing for PFAS. (nd.edu)

Tubercle1

• It is caused by a bacterial microorganism, the tubercle bacillus or Mycobacterium tuberculosis . (encyclopedia.com)

Consists1

• In contrast, the MAC consists of several related bacterial species, including Mycobacterium avium ( M. avium ) and Mycobacterium intracellulare ( M.intracellulare ), which are widespread in the environment. (medicalnewstoday.com)

Diagnostic1

• The mere presence of IgM antibodies is not diagnostic of TB. (ndtv.com)