AnatomyOrganismsDiseasesChemicals and DrugsAnalytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment
PodocytesKidney GlomerulusPuromycin AminonucleosideGlomerulosclerosis, Focal SegmentalNephrosisBowman CapsuleGlomerular Basement MembraneAIDS-Associated NephropathyProteinuriaGlomerular Filtration BarrierWT1 ProteinsNephrotic SyndromeKidneyMembrane ProteinsDiabetic NephropathiesGlomerulonephritisCyclin IGlomerulonephritis, MembranousCells, CulturedNephrosis, LipoidDenys-Drash SyndromeSialoglycoproteinsAlbuminuriaMesangial CellsKidney DiseasesMice, TransgenicCell Line, TransformedGlomerular MesangiumMicrofilament ProteinsZonula Occludens-1 ProteinActininMicroscopy, ImmunoelectronActinsTRPC Cation ChannelsEpithelial CellsRNA, MessengerGlomerulonephritis, IGA
Endothelial cellsMitochondriaExtracellularCytoskeletalProximalCytoplasmSerum proteinsTubularKidneysPhospholipidsIntracellularRenalMolecularTranscription factorGeneTissuesReceptorsRevealsLatentRegulatoryMtDNAKinaseMusclesHighlyDiseaseCellsKidney tissueDiseasesCalciumInteractionsMiceExpressionResultFoundDomainsFunctionHumanPlasmaHeartLossValuesDATABrainMouse
Endothelial cells3
  • Other reports also show that DN is highly associated with accelerated aging in various types of cells such as tubular cells, podocytes, mesangial cells, and endothelial cells [ 21 - 23 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • ADAMTS13 belongs to the zinc metalloproteases, and is mainly expressed in liver stellate cells and endothelial cells, but was also found in other cell types, such as platelets, podocytes in the kidney and several brain cells. (wikipedia.org)
  • Podocalyxin (PODX) is a highly glycosylated and sialylated transmembrane protein, and a CD34 ortholog normally expressed on hematopoietc stem cells, hemangioblasts, vascular endothelial cells, podocytes, and a subset of neural progenitors [4]. (globaltechbiz.com)
Mitochondria1
  • Mitochondrial fission is predominantly controlled by the activity of Drp1, and the frequency of mitochondrial fission determines the quality as well as morphology of mitochondria. (en-journal.org)
Extracellular6
  • The TSP1 repeats mediate extracellular matrix protein-protein interactions. (wikipedia.org)
  • High-confidence identification of ~2,000 proteins, including cytoplasmic, nuclear, plasma membrane, extracellular and unknown/unclassified proteins, was obtained by separating tryptic peptides of renal cortical proteins into 60 fractions by SCX prior to LC-MS/MS. The identified proteins represented the renal cortical proteome with no discernible bias due to protein physicochemical properties, subcellular distribution, biological processes, or molecular function. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Comparison of this renal cortical proteome with published human urinary proteomes demonstrated enrichment of renal extracellular, plasma membrane, and lysosomal proteins in the urine, with a lack of intracellular proteins. (biomedcentral.com)
  • They predominantly target phospholipids in the extracellular space, although they also act intracellularly. (ijbs.com)
  • This occurs through the downregulation of methylmalonyl coenzyme A epimerase (MCEE), mediated by an extracellular signal-regulated kinase 2-driven transcription factor Sp1/early growth response protein 1 transcriptional switch driven by metastatic signalling at its promoter level. (biomed.news)
  • The bottom panel shows the alignment of extracellular domains of SGLT1 protein of human to mouse sequence (yellow highlight). (bicellscientific.com)
Cytoskeletal2
  • Endothelin also directly acts on podocytes, where it can promote slit diaphragm and cytoskeletal disruption, podocyte loss, and proteinuria-actions that characterize FSGS. (medtelligence.net)
  • Comparison of the most abundant proteins based on normalized spectral abundance factor (NSAF) in this dataset versus a published glomerular proteome indicated enrichment of mitochondrial proteins in the former and cytoskeletal proteins in the latter. (biomedcentral.com)
Proximal3
  • This result was supported by western blot analysis, which demonstrated that LOXL2 protein expression is present in cultured human podocytes and HK?2 human proximal tubular cells. (omicsdi.org)
  • Furthermore, ACE-2 is highly expressed in renal proximal tubules, where SARS-CoV-2 particles were detected postmortem in podocytes of COVID-19 patients, suggesting that the kidneys could also be one of the targets of SARS-CoV-2 ( 6 , 7 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • In the kidney, SGLT1 is predominantly localized to the S3 segment of the proximal tubule. (bicellscientific.com)
Cytoplasm1
  • Glomerular LOXL2 was localized to the cytoplasm of podocytes, as determined by double immunofluorescence microscopy using a podocyte marker (synaptopodin). (omicsdi.org)
Serum proteins2
  • Given the limitations of serum creatinine as a biomarker of kidney function, different urinary and serum proteins, molecules, and, most recently, microRNAs have been rigorously investigated over the past decade as possible biomarkers for kidney disease. (medscape.com)
  • Approximately 40% of total calcium is bound to serum proteins, and 80% to 90% of this calcium is bound to albumin. (abdominalkey.com)
Tubular3
  • LOXL2 protein expression was detected in glomerular capillary loops and tubular epithelial cells in human and mouse kidneys. (omicsdi.org)
  • This reflects the non-invasive nature of the sample collection, its availability, and the observation that proteins found in urine under pathophysiological conditions will reflect altered glomerular and tubular pathology induced by renal disease [ 17 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Oxidative stress was markedly attenuated by iPS-MSCs both in AN mice and in protein-overloaded tubular cells. (oncotarget.com)
Kidneys2
  • RCAN is most highly expressed in brain and striated muscles, but expression has been reported in many other tissues, as well, including the heart and kidneys. (molcells.org)
  • The WT1 protein is a transcription factor predominantly expressed in the embryonic kidneys and gonads. (medscape.com)
Phospholipids1
  • It interacts with membrane phospholipids and protein components of the secretory machinery within the cells. (wikipedia.org)
Intracellular1
  • RCAN1 is upregulated by stress factors, such as protein aggregates, elevated intracellular calcium, oxidative stress, and glucocorticoid, prevents excess and dangerous over-activation of calcineurin. (molcells.org)
Renal7
  • The PDGF family consists of four isoforms (PDGF-A, -B, -C, and -D) and two receptor chains (PDGFR-α and -β), which are constitutively or inducibly expressed in most renal cells. (omicsdi.org)
  • The present study demonstrated that LOXL2 is expressed in compartments of renal tissue, where it appears to contribute to the progression of tubulointerstitial fibrosis. (omicsdi.org)
  • Proteomic methodologies increasingly have been applied to the kidney to map the renal cortical proteome and to identify global changes in renal proteins induced by diseases such as diabetes. (biomedcentral.com)
  • While progress has been made in establishing a renal cortical proteome using 1-D or 2-DE and mass spectrometry, the number of proteins definitively identified by mass spectrometry has remained surprisingly small. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Low coverage of the renal cortical proteome as well as our interest in diabetes-induced changes in proteins found in the renal cortex prompted us to perform an in-depth proteomic analysis of mouse renal cortical tissue. (biomedcentral.com)
  • As a result of extracting all proteins from the renal cortex, we identified an exceptionally wide range of renal proteins in terms of pI, MW, hydrophobicity, abundance, and subcellular location. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Given the importance of the kidney in normal and disease states, numerous proteomic methodologies increasingly have been applied to the kidney, and novel combinations of research tools are now available to identify global changes in renal protein expression patterns induced by diseases such as diabetes. (biomedcentral.com)
Molecular1
  • Molecular fingerprint of the podocyte reveals novel gene and protein regulatory networks. (restauranteojardim.pt)
Transcription factor1
  • They further link to the activation of protein kinase C- (PKC-) induced generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) [ 6 , 7 ], which further mediates the activation of downstream transcription factor nuclear factor kappa-light-chain enhancer of activated B cells (NF- κ B). Thus, the main treatments of DN refer to modulate glycemic and blood pressure through insulin and RAS inhibitors. (hindawi.com)
Gene2
  • Exons 1-6 of the WT1 gene encode the regulatory domain, which regulates expression of target genes, and exons 7-10 encode the 4 zinc fingers of the DNA-binding region of the WT1 protein. (medscape.com)
  • Here, we review mechanisms of mitochondrial gene expression with a focus on the recent findings in the field of mammalian mtDNA transcription and disease phenotypes caused by defects in proteins involved in this process. (biomed.news)
Tissues2
  • TFF3 is widely expressed in multiple tissues including kidney tissue. (omicsdi.org)
  • ACE-2 and TMPRSS-2, surface cell proteins expressed by various tissues, are targeted by SARS-CoV-2. (frontiersin.org)
Receptors2
  • Wnt signals are transduced via specific cell surface receptors to activate a series of biochemical AN3365 reactions involving a large protein complex consisting of -catenin and glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3), resulting in stabilization of soluble -cat and therefore an increase in the soluble pool of -cat [12]. (globaltechbiz.com)
  • Endothelin and its receptors are very highly expressed in the kidney. (medtelligence.net)
Reveals1
  • The structural diversity of sPLA 2 -BPs reveals sPLA 2 s as very promiscuous proteins, and we offer some structural explanations for this nature that makes these proteins evolutionarily highly advantageous. (ijbs.com)
Latent2
  • is certainly less very clear and the entire magnitude from the antibody (Ab) response represents an unreliable biomarker [8], Ab continuous (Fc) area features change with disease expresses, resolving active and latent tuberculosis [5]. (newyorkcityhightech.com)
  • This was assayed for its ability to activate latent collagenase and was expressed as units, where 1 unit represents the percentage activation of the enzyme h −1 (mg of protein in the supernatant) −1 . (portlandpress.com)
Regulatory1
  • Several regulatory proteins such as dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp1) are required to maintain mitochondrial morphology via a balance between continuous fusion and fission. (en-journal.org)
MtDNA1
  • The mammalian genome comprises nuclear DNA (nDNA) derived from both parents and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) that is maternally inherited and encodes essential proteins required for oxidative phosphorylation. (regenerativemedicine.net)
Kinase1
  • Although the senescent cells remain viable, they show typical changes with enlarged and flattened cell bodies, apoptosis resistance, increased activity of senescence-associated β -galactosidase (SA- β -gal), and upregulation of cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) inhibitors including p16 INK4A , ARF proteins, and p21 [ 13 - 16 ]. (hindawi.com)
Muscles3
  • 1. Capillary density is greater in skeletal muscles comprised of predominantly oxidative (type I) fibres than in those comprised of mainly glycolytic (type II) fibres. (portlandpress.com)
  • 2. Eleven untrained adult male Wistar rats were killed and the predominantly oxidative (type I) muscles, soleus and heart, the predominantly glycolytic (type II) muscle, extensor digitorum longus, and the mixed-fibre muscle, gastrocnemius, were removed. (portlandpress.com)
  • 4. These findings suggest that endothelial-cell-stimulating angiogenic activity in muscle is either inversely or not related to the local capillary density, which may be at or near a maximum in physiologically contracting, predominantly oxidative muscles. (portlandpress.com)
Highly2
Disease3
  • Additionally they are involved in the ADAMTS13 protein secretion Disease causing mutations in ADAMTS13, which can be found in all ADAMTS13 protease domains. (wikipedia.org)
  • More than 110,000 people die from this disease each year, predominantly in areas of sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia with limited access to safe water and sanitation. (cdc.gov)
  • All of the disease-causing ACTN4 mutations identified to date are located within the actin-binding domain of the encoded protein, increasing its binding affinity to F-actin and leading to abnormal actin rich cellular aggregates. (biomedcentral.com)
Cells3
  • In most cells, -cat is predominantly located at the plasma membrane in a AN3365 complex with cadherins and -catenin, which is resistant to mild detergent such as Triton X-100 and Nonidet P-40. (globaltechbiz.com)
  • The membrane-bound form of CXCL16 binds and internalizes oxidative low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL) and promotes adhesion of cells expressing its cognate receptor, CXCR6 [ 6 , 7 ] . (medsci.org)
  • They filter bacteria and small foreign proteins out of the blood, and dispose of worn out red blood cells. (lookformedical.com)
Kidney tissue1
  • Lysyl oxidase?like 2 is expressed in kidney tissue and is associated with the progression of tubulointerstitial fibrosis. (omicsdi.org)
Diseases1
  • These are 2 diseases that affect young adults predominantly, and with them bring a significant lifetime risk of kidney failure. (medtelligence.net)
Calcium6
  • Total serum calcium is divisible into protein-bound and ultrafiltrable (diffusible) calcium ( Fig. 6-1 ). (abdominalkey.com)
  • Variations in serum protein alter proportionately the concentration of the protein-bound and total serum calcium. (abdominalkey.com)
  • An increase in serum albumin concentration of 1 g/dL increases protein-bound calcium by 0.8 mg/dL, whereas an increase of 1 g/dL of globulin increases protein-bound calcium by 0.16 mg/dL. (abdominalkey.com)
  • Marked changes in serum sodium concentration also affect the protein binding of calcium. (abdominalkey.com)
  • Hyponatremia increases, whereas hypernatremia decreases protein-bound calcium. (abdominalkey.com)
  • Changes in pH also affect protein-bound calcium, and an increase or decrease of 0.1 pH increases or decreases protein-bound calcium by 0.12 mg/dL. (abdominalkey.com)
Interactions2
  • The CUB domains take part in protein-protein interactions with VWF domains, which become exposed under shear stress, and are also involved in the binding and cleavage of VWF. (wikipedia.org)
  • We reveal the potential to exploit interactions of sPLA 2 s with other proteins in medical terms, for the development of original diagnostic and therapeutic procedures. (ijbs.com)
Mice1
  • In addition, the mRNA and protein expression levels of LOXL2 were higher in a mouse model of tubulointerstitial fibrosis compared with in control mice. (omicsdi.org)
Expression2
  • CXCL16/CXCR6 pathway-related protein expression, P2X7R protein expression and the expression of monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1), tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and CD68 were detected by immunohistochemical and immunofluorescence staining. (medsci.org)
  • Further analysis showed that protein expression of CXCL16, CXCR6, disintegrin and metalloproteinase-10 (ADAM10) in the radial arteries of the inflamed group was significantly increased. (medsci.org)
Result1
  • result predominantly in impaired ADAMTS13 secretion with or without decreased ADAMTS13 protease activity. (wikipedia.org)
Found1
  • Finally, the further GIX sPLA 2 s are found in venom of marine snails, and GXIA and GXIB sPLA 2 s are plant proteins. (ijbs.com)
Domains2
  • The ADAMTS13 protease consists of 1427 amino acids and has several protein domains: The signal peptide is thought to have a role in the secretion, folding and stability of the ADAMTS13 protein. (wikipedia.org)
  • Fc domains were isolated with protein G beads (Millipore) at room temperature for 1 hour. (newyorkcityhightech.com)
Function1
  • These results further our understanding of the biologic mechanisms of kidney function by identifying loci that potentially influence nephrogenesis, podocyte function, angiogenesis, solute transport and metabolic functions of the kidney. (bioseek.eu)
Human3
  • The standard vascular markers used in pathologic differential diagnosis of vascular conditions include von Willebrand factor (vWF), factor VIII-associated protein, platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule-1 (CD31), human hematopoietic progenitor cell antigen (CD34), v- ets avian erythroblastosis virus E26 oncogene homolog (ERG), human herpes virus 8 (HHV-8), latency-associated nuclear antigen (LANA1), podoplanin (D2-40), and PROX1. (basicmedicalkey.com)
  • There are four human α-actinin (ACTN1-4) family members, encoding closely related actin crosslinking proteins. (biomedcentral.com)
  • This antibody was raised against human specific epitope sequence in SGLT1 protein, which derives from a homologous region to the validated mouse SGLT1 epitope (Cat No. (bicellscientific.com)
Plasma1
  • Forty-three ESRD patients were divided into the control group (n=17) and the inflamed group (n=26) based on plasma C-reactive protein (CRP) levels. (medsci.org)
Heart1
  • Selectively targeting the Na+/K+-ATPase subunits that aren't expressed in the heart may stay away from the cardiotoxicity [22]. (tech-strategy.org)
Loss1
  • Also, urinary loss of both vitamin D and vitamin D binding protein (VDBP) has been reported in these individuals. (karger.com)
Values2
  • culture filtrate (BEI), and soluble protein (BEI) by covalent values are tail probabilities of true in the distribution of control model classification accuracies. (newyorkcityhightech.com)
  • Many of these proteins, such as low-abundance proteins, membrane proteins and proteins with extreme values in pI or MW are traditionally under-represented in 2-DE-based proteomic analysis. (biomedcentral.com)
DATA1
Brain1
  • In addition to the respiratory system, ACE-2 and TMPRSS-2 are also expressed in the gastrointestinal tract, brain, and vessels ( 2 - 5 ). (frontiersin.org)
Mouse1
  • A whole tissue extract of the mouse kidney cortex was analyzed by an unbiased proteomic approach, yielding a dataset of ~2,000 unique proteins identified with strict criteria to ensure a high level of confidence in protein identification. (biomedcentral.com)