The experimentally determined subcellular locations of proteins can be found in UniProtKB, Compartments, and in a few more specialized resources, such as the lactic acid bacterial secretome database. (wikipedia.org)
Molecular analysis of a subcellular compartment: the magnetosome membrane in Magnetospirillum gryphiswaldense. (wikipedia.org)
Membrane proteins: always an insoluble problem? (silverchair.com)
Shining a spotlight on outer membrane protein folding. (silverchair.com)
Outer membrane proteins (OMPs) [such as OmpA (green, top left)] have to navigate their way from the ribosome (bottom of image) via trigger factor (red) and SecB (turquoise), through the SecYEG translocon (red/yellow) in the inner membrane (IM). (silverchair.com)
Membrane proteins play crucial roles in cellular processes and are often important pharmacological drug targets. (silverchair.com)
To aid membrane protein research, new methodologies are required to allow these proteins to be expressed and purified cheaply, easily, in high yield and to provide water soluble proteins for subsequent study. (silverchair.com)
This mini review focuses on the relatively new area of water soluble membrane proteins and in particular two innovative approaches: the redesign of membrane proteins to yield water soluble variants and how adding solubilizing fusion proteins can help to overcome these challenges. (silverchair.com)
This review also looks at naturally occurring membrane proteins, which are able to exist as stable, functional, water soluble assemblies with no alteration to their native sequence. (silverchair.com)
Integral membrane proteins (IMPs) exist within lipid membranes. (silverchair.com)
Current estimates suggest that between 15 and 30% of open reading frames in sequenced genomes encode membrane proteins [ 1 - 3 ]. (silverchair.com)
Therefore, it is unsurprising that approximately 60% of drugs used today target IMPs to achieve their therapeutic action [ 4 ], and this reliance on membrane proteins as drug targets is unlikely to diminish. (silverchair.com)
Understanding IMPs through structural, biochemical and biophysical interrogation is a prerequisite for new therapeutic developments in order to build up a detailed and accurate picture of how particular membrane proteins function at the molecular level [ 3 , 5 ]. (silverchair.com)
The poor water solubility of these proteins creates a challenge to successful in vitro membrane protein characterization. (silverchair.com)
To circumvent this, detergents are often used to solubilize the membrane proteins [ 6 - 8 ]. (silverchair.com)
The detergent molecules form a micelle structure, which encircles the membrane protein and provide an environment with similarities to the natural lipid surroundings. (silverchair.com)
Study1
In our study, we used magnetosomes (bacterial magnetic particles, BMPs) as the vehicle of a DNA complex of a secondary lymphoid tissue chemokine, human papillomavirus type E7 (HPV-E7) and Ig-Fc fragment (pSLC-E7-Fc) to produce a gene vaccine (BMP-V) for tumor immunotherapy. (fortunejournals.com)
Full2
The hydrophobic properties of these proteins make full structural and functional characterization challenging because of the need to use detergents or other solubilizing agents when extracting them from their native lipid membranes. (silverchair.com)
Red color - target has expired for server TS/RR predictions, but is still open for QA predictions. (predictioncenter.org)
Specific1
In eukaryotic cells, proteins, nucleic acids and small molecules are distributed by specific trafficking mechanismsrather than by free diffusion as is largely the case in bacteria and archaea. (catsboard.com)
Loss1
Finding detergents and buffer conditions which provide optimal protein stability without loss of function is often a time consuming process of trial and error [ 7 , 9 , 10 ], although some high-throughput methods have been developed to aid in this search [ 9 , 10 ]. (silverchair.com)
Form1
Second, homologues of signature eukaryotic proteins, such as actin and tubulin that form the core of the cytoskeleton or the ubiquitin system, have been detected in diverse archaea. (catsboard.com)