• Mucoadhesive films containing protein-coated nanoparticles are promising carriers for the buccal delivery of proteins and peptides in a stable form. (diva-portal.org)
  • The AQuora dyes are available with a variety of reactive groups for conjugation to proteins, peptides, and nucleic acids. (quantabiodesign.com)
  • Our bioanalytical chemistry department specializes in developing and validating robust bioanalytical methods for PK/TK sample analysis of small molecules, proteins, peptides, and metabolites using LCMS/MS (HPLC, UPLC, on-line SPE), HPLC/UV, and HPLC/FL. (axispharm.com)
  • Trypsinogen is the inactive precursor of trypsin, a serine protease that cleaves proteins and peptides after arginine and lysine residues. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Trypsinogen is the inactive precursor of trypsin (PRSS1, human cationic trypsinogen), which can cleave proteins and peptides after lysine and arginine residues and is activated by the membrane-bound enteropeptidase via cleavage of the N-terminal activation peptide located on the trypsinogen surface. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The large crowding effect adds to the thermal stability of the crystallins, increasing their resistance to denaturation. (wikipedia.org)
  • Some success has been obtained also in the formation of antibodies from other serum proteins and by other denaturation-renaturation procedures. (caltech.edu)
  • Other processes that can be influenced by electrostatic interactions include for example protein folding and protein stability, protein denaturation and solubilization or precipitation of proteins [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • heat denaturation of proteins) were shown as selection parameters of prime importance with regard to the target of the prepurification step. (dairy-journal.org)
  • Newly produced antibody, like the other plasma proteins, became readily labelled with S35 amino acids within a few hours. (caltech.edu)
  • Passively administered homologous antibody did not produce a change in the retention of the primary injection of antigen nor did secondary injections of a heterologous native protein injected according to the same immunization schedule as the homologous azoprotein. (caltech.edu)
  • 1) The general approach has been to attempt to produce an insoluble protein antigen which would combine specifically with antibody to give a complex that could be dissociated into soluble antibody and insoluble antigen, which could then be separated by centrifugation. (caltech.edu)
  • However, in every case the resulting product either had lost too much native antigenicity (i.e., adsorbed serum always contained antibody which reacted with native antigen), was too soluble, or had too much power of adsorption for non-specific protein. (caltech.edu)
  • To systematically characterize the role of silicone oil on protein aggregation, the effects of agitation, temperature, pH, and ionic strength on silicone oil-induced loss of monomeric anti-streptavidin IgG 1 antibody were examined. (nih.gov)
  • Solution conditions which reduced colloidal stability of the antibody, as assessed by determination of osmotic second virial coefficients, accelerated aggregation during agitation with silicone oil. (nih.gov)
  • A formulation strategy involving optimization of colloidal stability of the antibody as well as incorporation of surfactants such as polysorbate 20 is proposed to reduce silicone oil-induced aggregation of therapeutic protein products. (nih.gov)
  • Whether it's Biotinylated Antibodies, Antibody-Enzyme Conjugates, or Fluorescently-Labeled Antibodies, our technology creates secondary antibody reagents with unmatched performance and stability. (quantabiodesign.com)
  • Traditional biotinylation compounds are hydrophobic and cause antibody or protein precipitation. (quantabiodesign.com)
  • This antibody is prepared by Saturated Ammonium Sulfate (SAS) precipitation followed by dialysis against PBS. (origene.com)
  • The aggregation and precipitation of these proteins due to heating was monitored by circular dichroism and light scattering. (nih.gov)
  • However, crowding can reduce the yield of correctly folded protein by increasing protein aggregation. (wikipedia.org)
  • precipitation or aggregation of crystallins causes cataracts. (wikipedia.org)
  • Silicone oil, which is used as a lubricant or coating in devices such as syringes, needles and pharmaceutical containers, has been implicated in aggregation and particulation of proteins and antibodies. (nih.gov)
  • Aggregation of therapeutic protein products induced by silicone oil can pose a challenge to their development and commercialization. (nih.gov)
  • Additionally, the influences of excipients polysorbate 20 and sucrose on protein aggregation were investigated. (nih.gov)
  • In the absence of agitation, protein absorbed to silicone oil with approximately monolayer coverage, however silicone oil did not stimulate aggregation during isothermal incubation unless samples were also agitated. (nih.gov)
  • Aggregation and precipitation occur at around pH 4,2 as phycocyanin's structure is combined with protein. (dic-global.com)
  • During the course of the investigation of precipitation reactions of polyhaptenic simple substances reported in the preceding paper of this series' we found it desirable to carry out a study of the effects of changed conditions of precipitation and washing on the amount of residual precipitate. (caltech.edu)
  • Antibodies biotinylated with our biotinylation reagents retain stability and will not aggregate or precipitate in aqueous solution. (quantabiodesign.com)
  • The overall goal of this set of experiments is to precipitate plant host cell proteins using heat. (jove.com)
  • To heat precipitate host cell proteins. (jove.com)
  • CRYAA interacted with these proteins to maintain their solubility and decrease the accumulation of denatured target proteins. (molvis.org)
  • The main advantage of this technique is that it is easy to implement into existing proteases and can be quickly adapted to different target proteins. (jove.com)
  • Anamnestic antihapten responses were obtained to trinitrophenyl (TNP) when rabbits sensitized to trinitrophenyl-hemocyanin (TNP-KLH) were challenged with TNP-heterologous protein conjugates. (caltech.edu)
  • When our biotinylated antibodies and proteins are combined with our streptavidin conjugates made with our SuperHydrophilic crosslinkers, they provide performance never before possible using traditional hydrophobic reagents and conjugates. (quantabiodesign.com)
  • Resonance enhanced absorption (REA) nanocolor microfluidic devices are new promising bioassay platforms, which employ nanoparticle- (NP-) protein conjugates for the immunodetection of medically relevant markers in biologic samples such as blood, urine, and saliva. (hindawi.com)
  • These derivatives were studied for their stability using HPLC, CD and fluorescence spectroscopy. (ku.edu)
  • Chaudhary-Webb M, Schleicher RL, Erhardt JG, Pendergrast EC, Pfeiffer CM. An HPLC ultraviolet method using low sample volume and protein precipitation for the measurement of retinol in human serum suitable for laboratories in low- and middle-income countries external icon . (cdc.gov)
  • In addition to the use of chemical labeling methods to study structure and function of proteins in vitro and in vivo, chemoselective conjugation techniques are also used to functionalize artificial protein scaffolds, such as viral capsids [5-7] . (beilstein-journals.org)
  • Unless serum proteins contain abnormalities, total serum calcium concentration is normally between 8.5 and 10.2 mg/dL of serum. (medscape.com)
  • Because ionized calcium is the only component of the total serum calcium level that is regulated by calciotropic hormones, decisions on the total serum calcium concentration should not be made unless changes in concentrations of plasma proteins, particularly albumin, are considered. (medscape.com)
  • Indeed, in vitro studies have shown that crowding greatly influences binding stability of proteins to DNA. (wikipedia.org)
  • Compared with the previously published ligand, FAPI-02, FAPI-04 showed excellent stability in human serum, higher affinity for FAP as opposed to CD26, and slower excretion in vitro. (snmjournals.org)
  • Although protein aggregates were present, the samples were not able to induce the generation of C5a/C5a desArg in vitro, indicating that they probably contain acceptable levels of aggregates. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Protein profile analysis and in vitro anticomplementary activity of F(ab') 2 immunoglobulin preparations should be included as quality control steps, to ensure acceptable levels of aggregates, contaminants and whole IgG molecules on final products, reducing the chances of adverse reactions in patients. (biomedcentral.com)
  • During PMCA, small amounts of infectious PrP Sc aggregates convert PrP C into PrP Sc , producing larger protein aggregates that are fragmented into many smaller nucleating seeds for the continued in vitro conversion of PrP C into PrP Sc ( 18 - 20 ). (cdc.gov)
  • To add new tools to the repertoire of protein-based multivalent scaffold design, we have developed a novel dual-labeling strategy for proteins that combines residue-specific incorporation of unnatural amino acids with chemical oxidative aldehyde formation at the N -terminus of a protein. (beilstein-journals.org)
  • The active full-length CRYAA protein corresponding to amino acids 1-173 of CRYAA was recombined. (molvis.org)
  • Protein-protein interactions are based on non-covalent interactions of amino acids on protein surfaces via van der Waals forces, hydrogen bridges, electrostatic interactions and hydrophobic effects. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Our Affinity Proteins product area will be growing soon to include all the major immunoglobulin binding proteins as well as a selection of carbohydrate-binding proteins (lectins). (quantabiodesign.com)
  • b) self-assembly of sugar-decorated grid-shaped metal complexes, able to bind multiple lectins (sugar-binding proteins) with concomitant formation of hybrid biopolymers (hierarchical self-assembly where cation binding is followed by sugar-lectin interaction). (europa.eu)
  • One of these proteins is the fibroblast activation protein (FAP), a type II transmembrane serine protease with both dipeptidyl peptidase activity and endopeptidase activity ( 2 - 4 ). (snmjournals.org)
  • Yes, ANXA4 has been shown to interact with several proteins and lipids. (creativebiomart.net)
  • In cellular assays the allergenic activity of Cor a 8 was considerably increased when adding hazelnut lipids, thus showing the impact of food matrix on the allergenicity of a single food protein. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Samples were submitted to protein quantification, SDS-PAGE, Western blot analysis and molecular exclusion chromatography. (biomedcentral.com)
  • AxisPharm provides comprehensive metabolomics and proteomics analysis, which involves profiling and quantification of metabolites or proteins in biological samples using techniques such as LC-MS, GC-MS, and mass spectrometry-based omics analysis. (axispharm.com)
  • In particular this effect alters dissociation constants by favoring the association of macromolecules, such as when multiple proteins come together to form protein complexes, or when DNA-binding proteins bind to their targets in the genome. (wikipedia.org)
  • b) Schematic drawing of a bioanalytical REA assay before (left) and after (right) binding of AuNP-analyte complexes to the capture protein layer. (hindawi.com)
  • In addition, the binding of substrates by enzymes, the subsequent catalytic processes and also the formation of protein-protein complexes can be based on electrostatic interactions. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Protein A, isolated from Staphylococcus aureus, is biotinylated using our SuperHydrophilic technology, which is designed to improve solubility, limit non-specific binding, and improve signal-to-noise ratios. (quantabiodesign.com)
  • The problem of obtaining from precipitation experiments evidence about the structure of antibodies and the nature of serological reactions is obviously greatly simplified by the replacement of protein antigens by simple substances of known structure. (caltech.edu)
  • Our current product, Biotinylated Protein A ( AQ-70021 ), can be used to detect and probe rabbit and human antibodies (with a preference for IgG isotypes) in a range of immunoassay applications. (quantabiodesign.com)
  • Upon addition of a sample containing the analyte of interest, a NP-protein-analyte complex is formed in the test device that is captured on the REA chip, for example, via streptavidin-biotin interaction. (hindawi.com)
  • Herein, we demonstrate that adsorptive immobilization via a cationic polymeric interlayer is a competitive and fast technique for the binding of the capture protein streptavidin onto planar SiO 2 surfaces such as REA biochips. (hindawi.com)
  • The effectiveness of serum therapy is widely proven, but improvements on the immunoglobulin purification process and on the quality control are necessary to reduce the amount of protein aggregates. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Three heat precipitation methods are presented that effectively remove more than 90% of host cell proteins (HCPs) from tobacco extracts prior to any other purification step. (jove.com)
  • Thus facilitating subsequent chromatographic purification of recombinant biopharmaceutical proteins. (jove.com)
  • The phenomenon of macromolecular crowding alters the properties of molecules in a solution when high concentrations of macromolecules such as proteins are present. (wikipedia.org)
  • and of low concentrations of ethyl alcohol on the time course of precipitation of human serum globulin (1) at 65° and pH 6.0. (caltech.edu)
  • Total serum calcium is less difficult to measure than the ionized calcium component is, and ionized calcium measurements are rarely needed if serum protein concentrations can be measured. (medscape.com)
  • Methods: sample clean-up was performed by protein precipitation using acetonitrile. (bvsalud.org)
  • Herein, we used immunochemical methods to predict the quality of horse F(ab') 2 anti-botulinum AB, anti-diphtheric, antitetanic and anti-rabies immunoglobulins, in terms of amount of proteins and protein aggregates. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In contrast with conventional biochemical methods, we developed a detection platform for self-replicating PrP Sc called protein misfolding cyclic amplification (PMCA) ( 18 ). (cdc.gov)
  • So far, 10 hazelnut allergens were identified, among those the ns lipid transfer protein, Cor a 8. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Decreased stability of lens crystallins may contribute to their insolubilization and cataract formation. (nih.gov)
  • CRYAA is one of the major lens proteins, accounting for 35% of all crystallins. (molvis.org)
  • Attempts were made to confer insolubility on protein antigens such as ovalbumin and crystalline bovine serum albumin without destroying their antigenicity. (caltech.edu)
  • A comparative study with three conventional extraction techniques namely protein precipitation (PP), liquid-liquid extraction (LLE) and solid phase extraction (SPE) has been demonstrated to assess the magnitude of matrix interference by post-column analyte infusion and post extraction analyte spiking for the determination of atazanavir from human plasma. (unboundmedicine.com)
  • B, Analytical technologies in the biomedical and life sciences JO - J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci VL - 885-886 N2 - A comparative study with three conventional extraction techniques namely protein precipitation (PP), liquid-liquid extraction (LLE) and solid phase extraction (SPE) has been demonstrated to assess the magnitude of matrix interference by post-column analyte infusion and post extraction analyte spiking for the determination of atazanavir from human plasma. (unboundmedicine.com)
  • 1997) at higher how proteins interact with themselves in solution. (lu.se)
  • Calcium, protein precipitation, and stratification retard the rise of fat. (foodchem.com)
  • Esmaeili R, Zhang M, Sternberg MR, Mapango C, Pfeiffer CM . A new multiplex immunoassay for serum ferritin, soluble transferrin receptor, C-reactive protein, α-1-glycoprotein, and retinol-binding protein showed variable comparability with traditional reference assays external icon . (cdc.gov)
  • Horse F(ab') 2 antitoxins and anti-rabies immunoglobulin preparations presented different amounts of protein. (biomedcentral.com)
  • SDS-PAGE and Western blot analyses revealed the presence of protein aggregates, non-immunoglobulin contaminants and, unexpectedly, IgG whole molecules in the samples, indicating the non-complete digestion of immunoglobulins. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The dimerization and oligomerization also lead to hydrolysis of the Asp93-Pro94 peptide bond and precipitation. (ku.edu)
  • It is also rec- important target organ in the safety assessment of drugs and ognized that different types of immune-mediated responses can be triggered by different classes of compounds and that some immune chemicals, as well as protein- or peptide-based products. (cdc.gov)
  • Its stability is improved when used together with milk, egg or other ingredients containing protein. (dic-global.com)
  • Tirlán Acid Casein is a high-quality milk protein produced by acid precipitation of casein from fresh pasteurised skimmed milk. (tirlaningredients.com)
  • It has also been shown that macromolecular crowding affects protein-folding dynamics as well as overall protein shape where distinct conformational changes are accompanied by secondary structure alterations implying that crowding-induced shape changes may be important for protein function and malfunction in vivo. (wikipedia.org)
  • ANXA4 can also interact with other annexin proteins or cytoskeletal proteins, potentially contributing to its diverse cellular functions. (creativebiomart.net)
  • One-hundred and twenty-seven of 17,225 human full-length proteins were identified that interact with CRYAA. (molvis.org)
  • For the protein precipitation and sample preparation, a trichloroacetic acid extraction method is used. (cas.cz)
  • Micro-granulated enzyme preparation developed to accelerate and increase phenolic compounds extraction and improve color stability. (enartis.com)
  • The loss rate was determined by accelerated thermal degradation test, that is, incubate the protein at 37°C for 48h, and no obvious degradation and precipitation were observed. (creativebiomart.net)
  • Cor a 8 was purified from raw hazelnut extract, displaying the physicochemical properties of a member of the nsLTP protein family, such as high resistance against enzymatic degradation. (biomedcentral.com)
  • For example, the increase in the strength of interactions between proteins and DNA produced by crowding may be of key importance in processes such as transcription and DNA replication. (wikipedia.org)
  • These modifications can affect the protein's stability, subcellular localization, and interactions with other molecules, potentially modulating its cellular functions. (creativebiomart.net)
  • To identify proteins interacting with alpha A-crystallin (CRYAA) and to investigate the potential role that these protein interactions play in the function of CRYAA using a human proteome (HuProt) microarray. (molvis.org)
  • A HuProt microarray composed of 17,225 human full-length proteins with N-terminal glutathione S-transferase (GST) tags was used to identify protein-protein interactions. (molvis.org)
  • The protein-protein interactions may help CRYAA carry out multifaceted functions. (molvis.org)
  • To understand the functions of CRYAA and how these are regulated, protein-protein interactions need to be investigated. (molvis.org)
  • In this study, human trypsinogen was used as a model protein to study the influence of electrostatic forces on protein-protein interactions. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Our study provides an example how directed modification of the protein surface charge can be utilized for the regulation of functional protein-protein interactions, as shown here for human trypsinogen. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The human enzyme trypsinogen shows a distinct distribution of protein surface charges and may be an attractive model protein to study the influence of electrostatic forces on protein-protein interactions. (biomedcentral.com)
  • 1991), none of the the structural details of the heterogeneous protein surface and experimental studies mentioned so far could provide un- takes into account a variety of short-range interactions, direct ambiguous information about oligomer structure. (lu.se)
  • Shortly after SARS-CoV emerged at the turn of the 21st century, the spike (S) protein (particularly in its native conformation) was identified as the immunodominant antigen of the virus3. (who.int)
  • concanavalin A was used as a model protein) and each concanavalin A can bind up to four grids. (europa.eu)
  • Its color shade deteriorates when exposed to light, but when used together with an antioxidation agent like sodium ascorbate, its color stability is improved. (dic-global.com)
  • Suitable for fresh or frozen samples from a variety of collection tubes, the gDNA generated with this chemistry is free from RNA, protein, and other contaminants. (autogen.com)
  • In a recent report by Garvey and Campbell (2) the loss of antigen material from hepatic tissue following a secondary injection of the native protein carrier was clearly demonstrated by radioautography. (caltech.edu)
  • Heme proteins like hemoglobin (Hb) and myoglobin (Mb) contain redox-active transition metal iron that makes them susceptible to causing oxidative damage. (scialert.net)
  • It is well documented that oxidative damage of protein and DNA presents unique neoepitopes, which is one of the factors in antigen-driven autoimmune response in various diseases (Scofield et al . (scialert.net)
  • Our approach relies on the selective introduction of two different functional moieties in a protein by mutually orthogonal copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC) and oxime ligation. (beilstein-journals.org)
  • The result is complete biocompatibility, high stability, the highest possible signals in assays, and ultra-low nonspecific binding and background. (quantabiodesign.com)
  • Stability of the protein was investigated by simulated gastric and duodenal digestion assays. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In digestion assays purified Cor a 8 displayed high stability against enzymatic treatment. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The spike protein of SARS-CoV--a target for vaccine and therapeutic development. (who.int)
  • Additionally, our high-quality, precipitation-based chemistry is ready to use immediately in your downstream applications - generating up to 200kb and stability out to 17 years. (autogen.com)
  • vCJD has been suggested to be transmitted among humans by transfusion of nonleukodepleted erythrocytes or purified protein factors from plasma ( 12 , 13 ). (cdc.gov)
  • Solution acidity, amino acid and phosphorus types, trace crucial component, and temperature can all influence precipitation. (alliedacademies.org)
  • In humans, the CRYAA gene encodes a 173 amino acid residue protein by single copy genes located on chromosome 21. (molvis.org)
  • Based on a rational protein design based on autoactivation-defective guinea pig trypsinogen, several amino acid residues, all located far away from the active site, were changed to modify the surface charge of human trypsinogen. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Unfortunately however, no evidence of anion binding could be obtained for the resulting structures due to both stability problems (sequestering of cations by added anions) and intramolecular hydrogen bonding competing with anion binding. (europa.eu)
  • Des échantillons de sang ont été prélevés pendant les 24 heures suivant l'administration de la dose et la concentration en aténolol a été évaluée par chromatographie en phase liquide à haute performance. (who.int)
  • The identified proteins were subjected to subsequent bioinformatics analysis using the DAVID database. (molvis.org)
  • Lysozyme (Lys)-loaded nanoparticles were manufactured by antisolvent co-precipitation. (diva-portal.org)
  • This autoactivation process can occur if a trypsinogen molecule is activated by another trypsin molecule and therefore is based on a protein-protein interaction. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Indeed, genome-wide ChIP-sequencing outcomes combined with gene expression analyses making use of cDNA microarray and RNAsequencing revealed an enrichment of ULK1 Storage & Stability mostly derepressed genes, suggesting that Tet1 functions primarily to repress its direct targets (4, 13, 14, 16). (axlinhibitor.com)
  • The method was validated in terms of retention time stabilities, limits of detection, linearity, recovery, and analytical accuracy. (cas.cz)
  • To determine how deamidation and partial loss of the N- and C-terminal extensions alter the heat stability of betaB1-crystallin. (nih.gov)
  • A versatile ingredient with excellent emulsification properties and heat stability. (tirlaningredients.com)
  • The thermal stability is described by the loss rate of the target protein. (creativebiomart.net)
  • The presence of the molecular chaperone, alphaA-crystallin, prevented precipitation of modified betaB1s. (nih.gov)
  • Crowding may also increase the effectiveness of chaperone proteins such as GroEL in the cell, which could counteract this reduction in folding efficiency. (wikipedia.org)