AnatomyOrganismsDiseasesChemicals and DrugsAnalytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and EquipmentDisciplines and OccupationsInformation ScienceHealth CareGeographicals
Schistosoma haematobiumPraziquantelSchistosomiasis haematobiaSchistosoma mansoniSchistosomiasisSchistosomaBulinusAnthelminticsParasite Egg CountSchistosomicidesSchistosomiasis mansoniSnailsAntigens, HelminthAntibodies, HelminthZimbabweUrineHematuriaDNA, HelminthEgyptSchistosomiasis japonicaBiomphalariaMaliAntiplatyhelmintic AgentsGhanaOxamniquineTrichlorfonCote d'IvoireHelminthiasisHelminth ProteinsKenyaCentral Nervous System Parasitic InfectionsUrinary Bladder DiseasesFecesClonorchiasisEndemic DiseasesHelminthsUrinary TractDisease VectorsSenegalGabonHookworm InfectionsHepatomegalyParasitologyPrevalenceUrinary BladderReagent StripsAlbendazoleSchistosoma japonicumPlatyhelminthsMolluscacidesTanzaniaTrematode InfectionsEthylmorphineMethopreneSulfaleneCestode InfectionsAntiparasitic AgentsAfricaClonorchis sinensisRural PopulationLiver Diseases, ParasiticEchinostomiasisGranulomaAnticestodal AgentsEchinostomaMorbidityParagonimiasisGenital Diseases, Female
InfectionJaponicumSpeciesInfectionsEfficacy of praziquantelFlukesPreventive chemotherapy with praziquantelHematuriaPrevalenceChemotherapyIntestinal schistosomiasisControl of schistosomiasisWormsUrogenital schistosomiasisGenusTreatmentMetrifonateUrineSafety of praziquantelEndemicParasitesEndemicityDose of praziquantelEffect of praziquantelDistribution of praziquantelCases of schistosomiasisBovis hybridsHumansCercariaeAdultPrevalentDiagnosisMicroscopyDetectionAfricaDrugZanzibarTransmissionSchoolchildrenPopulationSchistosomiasis controlInfected childrenDisease
Infection30
Japonicum19
  • Disease is the result of ectopic deposition of eggs in the spinal cord ( S. mansoni or S. haematobium ) or brain ( S. japonicum ) and inflammatory reactions, typically the formation of granulomas that act as space occupying lesions. (cdc.gov)
  • Most human schistosomiasis is caused by S haematobium, S mansoni , and S japonicum . (medscape.com)
  • We assembled and aligned the S. haematobium sequences to the genomes of S. mansoni and S. japonicum , identifying microsatellite DNA loci across all three species and designing primers to amplify the loci in S. haematobium . (biomedcentral.com)
  • Sequence conservation among S. haematobium, S. japonicum, and S. mansoni is relatively high, thus it should now be possible to identify markers that are universal among Schistosoma species (i.e., using DNA sequences conserved among species) , as well as other markers that are specific to species or species-groups (i.e., using DNA sequences that differ among species). (biomedcentral.com)
  • Full genome-sequencing of additional species and specimens of S. haematobium, S. japonicum, and S. mansoni is desirable to better characterize differences within and among these species, to develop additional genetic markers, and to examine genes as well as conserved non-coding elements associated with drug resistance. (biomedcentral.com)
  • There are three main species of Schistosoma that together infect over 200 million individuals, S. mansoni, S. haematobium and S. japonicum. (bibalex.org)
  • At least five known species infect humans, the three most common being Schistosoma haematobium , S japonicum , and S mansoni . (appliedradiology.com)
  • For example, S haematobium usually infects the urinary system, while S japonicum and S mansoni migrate and infect areas in the gastrointestinal tract. (appliedradiology.com)
  • 1 At this point, S haematobium migrates to the venous plexus of the bladder, while S japonicum and mansoni migrate to the venules in the small and large intestine. (appliedradiology.com)
  • The main species causing schistosomiasis are Schistosoma mansoni , Schistosoma haematobium , and Schistosoma japonicum . (who.int)
  • Schistosoma mansoni and S. japonicum primarily affect the intestine and liver, causing abdominal pain, diarrhea, and liver damage. (who.int)
  • Schistosomiasis is a major neglected tropical disease mainly caused by Schistosoma haematobium, S. japonicum and S. mansoni, and results in the greatest disease burden. (worktribe.com)
  • The same drug - Praziquantel is used against all four species and the two-other species prevalent only in Asia - Schistosoma japonicum and Schistosoma mekongi . (countdowncameroon.org)
  • NT008 trade name] is indicated in adults and children for the elimination through mass drug administration programmes of schistosoma infections due to various types of blood fluke worms ( Schistosoma mansoni, Schistosoma haematobium, Schistosoma japonicum, Schistosoma mekongi, Schistosoma intercalatum ) following the recommendations of the WHO Global Programme to Eliminate Schistosomiasis. (who.int)
  • Chronic symptoms vary with species but include bloody diarrhea (eg, with S. mansoni , S. mekongi , S. intercalatum , and S. japonicum ) or hematuria (eg, with S. haematobium ). (merckmanuals.com)
  • Adult Schistosoma worms live and copulate within venules of the mesentery (typically S. mekongi , S. intercalatum , S. japonicum and S. mansoni ) or bladder (typically S. haematobium ). (merckmanuals.com)
  • It presents several species, such as Schistosoma haematobium, Schistosoma japonicum and Schistosoma mansoni, the latter being responsible for parasitosis in Brazil. (medbullets.com)
  • Is the Subject Area "Schistosoma japonicum" applicable to this article? (plos.org)
  • Urogenital schistosomiasis is caused by Schistosoma haematobium and intestinal schistosomiasis by any of the organisms S. guineensis, S. intercalatum, S. mansoni, S. japonicum , and S. mekongi . (infontd.org)
Species21
Infections11
  • S. haematobium egg deposition has also been associated with damage to the female genital tract, causing female genital schistosomiasis that can affect the cervix, Fallopian tubes, and vagina and lead to increased susceptibility to other infections. (cdc.gov)
  • The search included studies published from 2008 to 2017 (August) with emphasis on the efficacy of praziquantel on S. haematobium and S. mansoni infections among preschool and school children. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Uses The primary use of praziquantel is to control and eliminate tapeworm infections in dogs and cats. (blogspot.com)
  • Artesunate and praziquantel for the treatment of Schistosoma haematobium infections: a double blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study. (cermel.org)
  • Clearance of infections and resolution of morbidity were subsequently studied in two phases following systematic anti-STI and anti-schistosoma treatment, respectively. (drugpatentwatch.com)
  • S. haematobium primarily affects the urinary system, leading to urinary tract infections, and bladder cancer, and can cause blood in the urine. (who.int)
  • The spinal cord is more frequently affected in Schistosoma mansoni or S. haematobium infections. (who.int)
  • Ce sont les infections à Schistosoma mansoni ou à S. haematobium qui s'accompagnent le plus d'une atteinte de la moelle épinière. (who.int)
  • relationships of schistosoma haematobium, hookworm and malarial infections and metrifonate treatment to growth of kenyan school children. (liverpool.ac.uk)
  • relationships of s. haematobium, hookworm and malarial infections to growth 6 months after metrifonate treatment were studied in kenyan primary school children in an area where poor growth, s. haematobium and hookworm were common and malaria was endemic. (liverpool.ac.uk)
  • to obtain a better understanding of the possible influence of swamp rice farming on the patterns of schistosoma mansoni and schistosoma haematobium infections, the populations of two communities in rural liberia were studied. (liverpool.ac.uk)
Efficacy of praziquantel1
  • The review indicates that further investigations are necessary to conclusively determine efficacy of praziquantel on coinfection of S. haematobium and S. mansoni to formulate concrete guidelines on the use of repeated doses at 40 or 60 mg/kg for treating schistosomiasis. (biomedcentral.com)
Flukes2
  • The schistosoma blood flukes have a unique life cycle requiring two hosts to reproduce and survive. (appliedradiology.com)
  • Schistosomiasis is an acute and chronic parasitic disease caused by blood flukes (trematoda flat worms) of genus Schistosoma .FGS is mostly caused by the presence of S.haematobium eggs lodged in the female reproductive tract. (researchkey.net)
Preventive chemotherapy with praziquantel4
Hematuria3
Prevalence7
  • At baseline, the prevalence of S. haematobium was 34.3% (177/516). (biomedcentral.com)
  • Treatment with praziquantel was efficacious and safe showing reduction in prevalence as well as mean egg load in some individuals with few adverse events recorded. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Considering that the disease has a focal distribution, the WHO recommends that distribution of praziquantel should be done following the prevalence in the communities. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In the same light, in low-risk communities where parasite prevalence is ˂ 10%, all school-age children should be treated twice during primary school age while praziquantel is made available in health care institutions for treatment of suspected cases. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The study aimed to detect the molecular prevalence of urine schistosomiasis and evaluate microscopic examination vs. PCR technique for detection of Schistosoma haematobium ( S. haematobium ) in urine of patients with suggestive symptoms or previous history of urine schistosomiasis coming from endemic regions. (springeropen.com)
  • The current study aimed to assess the true (molecular) prevalence of S. haematobium in Sohag University Hospital, Governorate of Sohag, using the PCR assay to detect DNA of S. haematobium in urine vs. urine microscopy and to evaluate the diagnostic performance of microscopy and also to determine the associated variable that can be a predicator for the occurrence of urinary schistosomiasis. (springeropen.com)
  • A cross-sectional study from Zimbabwe indicated that the pathologic genital lesions were unchanged two years after praziquantel treatment in adult women whereas in those who had been treated with praziquantel in childhood the prevalence of genital lesions was significantly lower. (drugpatentwatch.com)
Chemotherapy4
  • Chemotherapy using praziquantel has been the most effective and widespread control measure used. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Chemotherapy-based control of schistosomiasis haematobia. (ajtmh.org)
  • Un 40% de esos trabajos han sido publicados en revistas del primer cuartil entre las que destacan New England Journal of Medicine, Lancet, Lancet Infectious Diseases, Clinical Infectious Diseases, Clinical Microbiology Reviews, Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, Journal Clinical Microbiology, Journal Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Mayo Clinic Proceedings y Malaria Journal. (unav.edu)
  • These program was chiefly engaged in preventing chemotherapy campaigns administering Praziquantel to targeted groups. (researchkey.net)
Intestinal schistosomiasis1
Control of schistosomiasis1
Worms9
  • S. haematobium adult worms are found in the venous plexus of the lower urinary tract and eggs are shed in urine. (cdc.gov)
  • The reduction in the cytokine levels can be directly related to the influence of the drug praziquantel, modulating the cytokine response by elimination of adult worms, decline in parasitic load, and reduction of morbidity. (hindawi.com)
  • After suprapubic aspiration, the cause of the obstructive uropathy was found to be several mature live worms of Schistosoma haematobium . (biomedcentral.com)
  • A suprapubic puncture was done with extraction of several live worms which were confirmed to be S. haematobium in the laboratory (Fig. 1 ). (biomedcentral.com)
  • Schistosomiasis (also called bilharzia) is a vector- borne disease caused by trematoda flat worms of the genus Schistosoma. (researchkey.net)
  • In the developing world, over 207 million people are infected with parasitic Schistosoma worms. (cdc.gov)
  • S. were seen between 1997 and 2007 at The stools of al patients were positive haematobium worms are found in the the Neurosurgery Departments of the for S. mansoni eggs . (who.int)
  • This study aimed for assessment of antischistosomal properties of an antimalarial drug, mefloquine (MFQ), on juvenile and adult Schistosoma haematobium worms. (eg.net)
  • In vitro schistosomicidal activity of curcumin against Schistosoma mansoni adult worms. (ac.ir)
Urogenital schistosomiasis3
Genus1
Treatment18
  • The timing of treatment is important since praziquantel is most effective against the adult worm and requires the presence of a mature antibody response to the parasite. (cdc.gov)
  • Inflammation dynamics after praziquantel treatment of Schistosoma haematobium reflected by urinary eosinophil cationic protein. (nih.gov)
  • We present two rare cases of bladder outlet obstruction: one which led to a chronic kidney disease and ultimately death and a second which recovered after treatment with praziquantel. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Molecular tools, in particular, will allow researchers to determine whether changes in gene frequencies provide insight into the effectiveness of treatment, understand the impacts of treatment on the gene pool and population structure of Schistosoma parasites, and establish whether movement of humans from refugia or non-treated areas introduces new parasites into local populations [ 4 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • One goal of the SCORE program is to understand and document whether changes in drug tolerance arise during different drug administration programs, and specific genetic assays are needed to better monitor population structure and potential changes in Schistosoma populations under praziquantel treatment. (biomedcentral.com)
  • This cross-sectional study was performed for detection of S. haematobium for patients attending the Outpatient Clinic of Sohag University Hospital from August 2016 to July 2018, who had suggestive symptoms, previous history of urine schistosomiasis, or history of contact with water canals, or received Schistosoma treatment and were coming from endemic regions. (springeropen.com)
  • Immunohistochemical investigations of treatment with Ro 13-3978, praziquantel, oxamniquine, and mefloquine in Schistosoma mansoni-infected mice. (unibas.ch)
  • Two different dosing regimens of praziquantel were compared for the treatment of urinary schistosomiasis in children: a dose of 40 mg/kg vs 60 mg/kg. (who.int)
  • The purpose of this study is to determine the comparative efficacy of artesunate plus sulfamethoxypyrazine-pyrimethamine versus Praziquantel in the treatment of school children infected with S.mansoni in western Kenya. (drugpatentwatch.com)
  • The primary treatment for schistosomiasis is praziquantel, a medication that is effective against all forms of the disease. (who.int)
  • The mainstay of schistosomiasis control is by praziquantel treatment. (edctpalumninetwork.org)
  • Blood samples from the participants were assayed for total and S. haematobium (Sh13)-specific antibodies before and 2 years after annual rounds of treatment. (edctpalumninetwork.org)
  • Schistosoma -infected children at baseline showed an increase in anti- Sh 13 IgG1 ( p = 0.005) and a decrease in Sh 13 IgG4 levels ( p = 0.012) following treatment. (edctpalumninetwork.org)
  • Treatment was also observed to cause a reduction in schistosome-specific blocking IgG4 and an increase in Schistosoma -specific protecting IgG1. (edctpalumninetwork.org)
  • Patients responded well to surgical decompression and treatment with praziquantel and oral steroids. (who.int)
  • This increase was due to greater access to large-scale treatment, for instance through donations of praziquantel and provision of more resources by multiple partners for the control of neglected tropical diseases. (who.int)
  • praziquantel for treatment of schistosomiasis in patients with advanced hepatosplenomegaly. (liverpool.ac.uk)
  • Currently, the main forms of treatment used for schistosomiasis are praziquantel (PZQ) and oxaminiquine (OXA). (medbullets.com)
Metrifonate2
Urine7
  • Following a baseline study, S. haematobium egg load was determined using the urine filtration technique and microscopy. (biomedcentral.com)
  • A) Locations where urine samples containing Schistosoma haematobium eggs were collected from children in Mangochi (Samama village, 14°41′74.65′′S, 35°21′75.80′′E), Chikhwawa (Mpangani. (cdc.gov)
  • In the second case, a 15 year old male presented with LUTS for a 1 year duration and was diagnosed to have schistosomiasis after eggs of Schistosoma haematobium were found in his urine. (biomedcentral.com)
  • 2008) With predictions to colonize the lower pelvic venous system, especially the vesical plexus , eggs of S.haematobium are typically voided in urine and detected by urine microscopy ( Stothard et al ,2014). (researchkey.net)
  • Diagnosis of schistosomiasis depends mainly on stool or urine microscopy for Schistosoma egg detection as well as immunoassays. (springeropen.com)
  • A highly specific multiplex real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) targeting the Schistosoma internal transcriber-spacer-2 sequence (ITS2) was developed by our group a few years ago, but so far this PCR has been applied mostly on urine samples. (cdc.gov)
  • Each sample was examined for S. haematobium eggs by a single urine filtration. (eliminateschisto.org)
Safety of praziquantel2
Endemic4
  • This systematic review was conducted to identify gaps and recent progress on the efficacy of different regimens of praziquantel in treating schistosomiasis among children in sub-Saharan Africa where Schistosoma mansoni and S. haematobium are endemic. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Laboratory diagnosis are inadequate consequently, for women of reproductive age living in areas endemic for S. haematobium , FGS remains highly prevalent and under- diagnosed due to low index of suspicion among health-care professionals. (researchkey.net)
  • We tested stool samples collected at two different epidemiological settings: a Senegalese population (n = 197) from a high transmission area where S . mansoni and S . haematobium are co-endemic and a Kenyan school population (n = 760) selected from zones with comparatively low S . mansoni transmission. (cdc.gov)
  • Global supplies of praziquantel are insufficient, and this lack of praziquantel is the major barrier to schistosomiasis control in many endemic countries. (who.int)
Parasites3
  • statistical methods analyzing changes in dispersion patterns of parasites among hosts were applied to schistosoma haematobium egg excretion data from a five-year study of a cohort of 1,400 boys in 3 villages in upper egypt. (liverpool.ac.uk)
  • despite significant changes in mean density of the parasites in the first 4 years, the degree of aggregation of s. haematobium among the cohort did not change markedly in analysis of egg count data obtained semiannually. (liverpool.ac.uk)
  • The large-scale use of praziquantel might result in selection of drug-resistant parasites. (eg.net)
Endemicity1
Dose of praziquantel2
Effect of praziquantel1
  • One study has suggested an effect of praziquantel on schistosome eggs lodged in tissues. (cdc.gov)
Distribution of praziquantel2
  • The distribution of praziquantel in the area should be extended to other age groups and not just school-age children. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The proposed project aims at achieving a better understanding of how annual distribution of praziquantel to pre- and post-pubertal schoolgirls may prevent FGS. (drugpatentwatch.com)
Cases of schistosomiasis1
Bovis hybrids2
  • The recent emergence and persistent transmission of S. haematobium - bovis hybrids on the Mediterranean island of Corsica ( 4 ) demonstrates the public health impact of such genetic introgression. (cdc.gov)
  • With changes in the Senegal river basin and dams built on it, in 2009, S haematobium-S bovis hybrids were found in Senegal. (medscape.com)
Humans1
  • Praziquantel , an anthelmintic for humans and animals, specifically treats tapeworms and trematodes. (blogspot.com)
Cercariae1
Adult2
  • This RD-PCR proved highly sensitive, detecting a single larval stage and as little as 0.78 ng of genomic DNA (gDNA) from an adult schistosome, providing a cost-effective, rapid and robust molecular tool for high-throughput screening of S. haematobium and S. bovis populations. (imperial.ac.uk)
  • Results concluded by this study elucidate promising MFQ antischistosomal efficacy on both juvenile and adult stages of S. haematobium with more evident effect on juvenile forms, which enforces the potential use of MFQ as an effective antischistosomal drug. (eg.net)
Prevalent1
Diagnosis1
Microscopy3
  • Here, we performed more in-depth evaluation of the ITS2 PCR as an alternative method to standard microscopy for the detection and quantification of Schistosoma spp. (cdc.gov)
  • Microscopy and PCR were performed in a Senegalese community (n = 197) in an area with high S . mansoni transmission and co-occurrence of S . haematobium , and in Kenyan schoolchildren (n = 760) from an area with comparatively low S . mansoni transmission. (cdc.gov)
  • The ITS2-based PCR was more sensitive than standard microscopy in detecting Schistosoma spp. (cdc.gov)
Detection1
  • Evaluation of the Clinitek®, a point-of-care urinalysis system for the measurement of clinically significant urinary metabolites and detection of haematuria in Schistosoma haematobium infected children in southern Côte d'Ivoire. (unibas.ch)
Africa1
Drug10
  • A study with multiple drug doses and longer period of evaluation could reveal more information on praziquantel efficacy in the area. (biomedcentral.com)
  • A mass drug administration program with praziquantel is therefore urgently required for those below 6 year-old. (researchsquare.com)
  • The program mainly focused on mass drug administration (MDA) with praziquantel in SAC with a coverage rate over 90% (22). (researchsquare.com)
  • Despite much effort, control remains essentially limited to the use of Praziquantel, the only drug available to treat the disease. (bibalex.org)
  • Praziquantel is a prescription drug and can only be obtained from a veterinarian or by prescription from a veterinarian. (blogspot.com)
  • Praziquantel is a parasite control drug that is highly active against a number of different tapeworms. (blogspot.com)
  • Life cycle maintenance and drug-sensitivity assays for early drug discovery in Schistosoma mansoni. (unibas.ch)
  • Efforts to combat the disease include improving sanitation, reducing exposure to contaminated water, snail control, and mass drug administration of praziquantel. (who.int)
  • Mass drug administration (MDA) with praziquantel (PZQ), a single drug only availa. (worktribe.com)
  • On each island, 45 shehias were randomly assigned to receive one of three interventions: biannual mass drug administration (MDA) with praziquantel alone, or in combination with snail control or behavior change measures. (eliminateschisto.org)
Zanzibar1
  • Continued interventions that are adaptive and tailored to the micro-epidemiology of S. haematobium in Zanzibar are needed to sustain and advance the gains made by ZEST. (eliminateschisto.org)
Transmission2
  • We have now developed loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) assays for identifying Schistosoma mansoni and S. haematobium to facilitate large-scale evaluation of post-intervention transmission potential. (huji.ac.il)
  • Serological surveys carried out in 20091 confirmed the interruption of S. haematobium transmission. (who.int)
Schoolchildren1
Population1
  • To validate our primers, we screened 32 randomly selected primer pairs with population samples of S. haematobium . (biomedcentral.com)
Schistosomiasis control1
  • Several efforts are underway to control S. haematobium , including the Schistosomiasis Consortium for Operational Research and Evaluation (SCORE) program ( http://score.uga.edu/index.html ), which was established in 2008 to answer strategic questions about schistosomiasis control and elimination. (biomedcentral.com)
Infected children2
  • Evaluation of a novel micro-sampling device, Mitratm, in comparison to dried blood spots, for analysis of praziquantel in Schistosoma haematobium-infected children in rural Côte d'Ivoire. (unibas.ch)
  • At baseline, total IgG4 was higher in S. haematobium -infected children ( p = 0.042) ,while all other immunoglobulins were within normal ranges. (edctpalumninetwork.org)
Disease2